北师大版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第1册UNIT3 CONSERVATION课时学案

这是一份北师大版高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第1册UNIT3 CONSERVATION课时学案，共17页。


1 threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
①Being stuck in a big fire is threatening，and we are threatened with it.(threat)
②He is unlikely t be a threat t the Spanish players in the final.
③David threatened t reprt (reprt) his neighbur t the plice if the damages were nt paid.
Since we are still under threat (我们仍然受到威胁)，we really admire them fr their curage and cntributin.
◎a threat构成威胁的人或事物
under threat受到威胁
◎threaten v．威胁；恐吓；威胁到，危及
threaten t d sth.威胁做某事
◎threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的
take threats f this kind very seriusly对这类威胁非常重视
the cluds threatened rain 乌云密布预示大雨将至
2 switch [课本义]vi.&vt.转换，改变[增补义]vt.交换；调换；对调n.改变；转变；开关；闸
①Switch ff the TV befre yu g ut.
②She switched n the lamp because it was dark.
③We asked them if they wuld switch places with us.
①As far as I knw，he started studying histry but then switched ver t architecture(转为建筑学)．
②Be sure t switch ff the light (一定要把灯关掉) when yu leave the ffice.
switch ff切断(电源、气体等)
switch n打开(开关)；接通(电源等)
switch (frm...) t...(从……)转变成，(从……)转换到
switch sth.with sb.和某人交换某物
switch her attentin t films她把注意力投向电影业
encurage cmpanies t switch frm cal t cleaner fuels鼓励企业转向使用比煤更清洁的能源
3 urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的
①The reprt urged that all children (shuld) be taught(teach) t swim.
②He denunces peple wh urge him t change(change) his ways.
③I need nt press n yu the urgency(urgent) f the matter.
There is an urgent need (迫切需要)fr qualified teachers.
◎urge v．催促；力劝；强烈要求
urge sb.t d sth.敦促某人做某事
urge that sb.(shuld) d sth.敦促某人做某事
urge sth.n sb.向某人提出/力陈某事
◎urgency n．紧急的事
an urgent appeal fr infrmatin 紧急呼吁提供信息
an urgent phne call一个紧急电话
4 decrease n．减少；减少的量vi.&vt.减少
①Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins.
②Last year the number f independent firms decreased frm 198 t 96.
③The crime rate in this area has decreased t the lwest level nwadays.
Because f human activities，the number f sme rare animals is n the decrease(正在减少)．
◎decrease t...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease 从……减少到……
◎n the decrease正在减少
n the increase正在增加
decreased frm 210 t 160 this year今年人数从210减少到160
a decreasing ppulatin逐渐减少的人口
be decreasing by 1.4% each year...正在以每年1.4%的速度下降
5 blame [课本义]vt.责怪，指责[增补义]n.责任；责备；指责
①If that happens，the cach will take the blame fr it.
②Yu are nt t blame (blame)．I can't put the blame n yu.
③Yu shuldn't blame Jhn fr the failure.＝Yu shuldn't blame the failure n Jhn.
(普通表达)Alice was in lw spirits because she was blamed fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk.
(高级表达)Blamed fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk，Alice was in lw spirits.(过去分词短语作状语),
◎blame 因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人
blame sth.n sb.把某事归咎于某人
be t blame (fr sth.)(为某事)承担责任；(因某事)该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)
◎take/deserve the blame fr...对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame fr sth.n sb.把某事推到某人身上/归咎于某人
blame the accident n dangerus driving把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶
blame neself fr what happened为发生的事责怪自己
6 relate [课本义]vi.相联系，有关联[增补义]vt.使有联系；把……联系起来；叙述；讲述
①We must relate these principles t ur everyday wrk.
②I am nt related(relate) t him in any way.
③It's unfrtunate when a father and sn can't relate t each ther.
你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。
①Yu shuld write dwn all the infrmatin related t the prblem.(relate)
②Yu shuld write dwn all the infrmatin in relatin t the prblem.(relatin),
◎related adj.有关系的，相关的
be related t 与……有关系
◎向……讲述；把……联系起来
relate t...和……有关联
◎relatin n．联系，关系
in/with relatin t与……有关；涉及；与……相比
be related t prductivity和业绩挂钩
relate her childhd experiences t me向我讲述了她童年的经历
have sme cmments t make in relatin t this matter关于这件事有几点看法
7 claim [课本义]vt.声称；断言；主张n.声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求[增补义]n.索赔
①Yu culd have claimed the cst f the htel rm frm yur insurance.
②He entered the manager's ffice and made a claim fr higher pay.
③Dctrs claimed t have discvered (discver) a cure fr the disease.
It is claimed that(据称)humr nt nly affects patients' mds，but can actually help them recver faster.
◎claim sth.要求获得某物；认领
claim t d/be...声称要做/是……
claim that...声称，断言
claim t have dne...声称做了……
◎make a claim fr要求……；提出，主张
claim a majr breakthrugh in the fight against cancer宣称攻克癌症已有重大突破
claim damages frm the cmpany fr the injury 因受伤向公司要求获得赔偿金
8 die ut 消失；绝迹，灭绝
①As the regin is becming htter，this kind f grass is dying ff．
②Their chatter and laughter die away as the grup rushed ut f the classrm.
③When all the guests had left，the whle huse died dwn．
④We need t take actin befre all the endangered animals died ut．
As a result，these endangered animals may die ut(这些濒危的动物可能会灭绝)．
die away逐渐减弱，逐渐模糊，逐渐消失
die dwn逐渐降低，逐渐平息
die ff相继死去
die f死于(内因)
die frm死于(外因)
many species will sn die ut if we dn't take actin如果我们不采取行动，许多物种将很快灭绝
her patience started t die away她逐渐失去耐心
9 be at risk 处境危险，受到威胁
①He jumped int the river at the risk f lsing his life.
②I didn't want t take/run the risk f leaving(leave) Jhn alne.
③He wrked hard，fr he culdn't risk lsing(lse) the gd jb.＝He wrked hard，fr he culdn't take/run the risk f lsing the gd jb.
He had shwn himself careless f persnal safety where the life f his clleagues might be at risk(他的同事身处危险时)．
◎at the risk f...冒……的危险
take risks/a risk冒险
put ne's life at risk冒生命危险
◎risk ding sth.冒险做某事
risk ne's life t d sth.冒着生命危险做某事
be at risk f infectin冒着被感染的风险
be at risk frm flding遭到洪水侵袭的危险
have n right t take risks with ther peple's lives 没有权利拿别人的生命去冒险
10 set ut [课本义]开始做某事，着手进行[增补义]动身；启程
①We set ut t paint (paint) the whle huse but finished nly the frnt part that day.
②When the meeting was ver，he set abut writing (write) a reprt abut it immediately.
③Mary wuld always set dwn new ideas that ccurred t her.
(普通表达)Cnsidering his health，I advise him t save an hur r tw each day t wrk ut.
(高级表达)Cnsidering his health，I advise him t set aside an hur r tw each day t wrk ut.
set abut sth./ding sth.着手某事/做某事
set aside把……放置一旁，不理会；留出
set back妨碍；阻碍
set dwn把……放下来；写下；记下
set in(气候，季节等)开始
set ff动身，出发；发射；使爆炸
set up创立
set ut t search fr his pet cat出门去找他的宠物猫
set aside an hur a day fr review purpse每天留出一小时用于复习
set ff at a cracking pace迅速地出发
set abut finding a slutin着手寻找一个解决办法
11 [教材原句]Withut frests，we wuld have n air t breathe，and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.没有森林，我们就不能呼吸空气；没有干净的水，我们将无法生存。
①Withut diverse creatures and plants，ur glbe wuld be(be) less interesting.
②Mr Brwn gave me a helping hand.Otherwise，I wuld have gt (get)int great truble.
③But fr yur advice，I wuld have n way t deal with the prblem.
But fr a knee injury，he wuld take part in the basketball match tday(他今天将参加篮球比赛)．
◎withut引导含蓄虚拟语气既可表示与现在事实相反的假设(主句中用wuld/culd/might/shuld d)；也可表示与过去事实相反的假设(主句中用wuld/culd/might/shuld have dne)。
◎有类似用法的还有：with，therwise/r(否则)，but fr(要不是)等。
But fr the careful preparatin，ur prject wuldn't have prgressed s smthly.要是没有精心的准备，我们的项目不会进展这么顺利的。
12 [教材原句]Strms have been getting wrse everywhere t，with mre hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.暴风雨愈发肆虐，越来越多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
①I wn't be able t g n hliday with my mther being(be) ill.
②She was thinking fr a while with her eyes fixed(fix) n the picture.
(普通表达)As he had a lt f wrk t d，he wasn't allwed t g ut.
(高级表达)With a lt f wrk t d，he wasn't allwed t g ut.(用with的复合结构),
with的复合结构，形式为with＋宾语＋宾语补足语，这一结构在句中可作状语也可作定语。在这一结构中，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、动词­ing形式、过去分词短语、不定式等。
With ideals in mind，yur life will never lse its directin，which is like a twer in the dark.有理想在心头，你的生活就永远不会迷失方向，它就像黑暗中的灯塔。
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．It is claimed(claim) that anther three astrnauts will be sent int space next mnth.
2．In fact，he was really t blame(blame) fr his careless driving.
3．At the risk f being sclded(scld)，he drve his father's car t schl.
4．All the afternn he wrked with the dr lcked (lck)．
5．Much f the crime in this area is related(relate) t drug abuse.
6．Withut the hybrid rice cultivated，many peple wuld have died(die) frm hunger in the past.
7．Hwever hard he wrks，he wn't be recgnised as a success，which is really annying(anny)．
8．He has been living in this cuntry illegally (legal) since May 2012，with n visa.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．It is his lack f self­discipline that is related t his being fired by the cmpany.
2．Yu are required t sum up the main idea f the passage with a maximum f 6 wrds.
3．The number f teaching staff members in this schl has decreased t 700 persns.
4．We need t switch ff the cell phne and leave the children t play by themselves.
5．Withut what yu had dne fr me，I wuld never be a successful businessman.
Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．He even received a medal frm the Chinese gvernment fr his cnservatin (cnserve) effrts.
2．It was the mst extreme example f cruelty (cruel) t animals I had ever seen.
3．He wrapped(wrap) the package in brwn paper and tied it with string.
4．His car turned ver and caught n fire and yet，incredibly(incredible)，he escaped unscathed.
5．We waited with anxiety (anxius) fr the news f her safe arrival.
6．We shuld raise awareness (aware) f prtecting ur envirnment.
Ⅱ.在空白处填入一个适当的词。
1．A vlcanic eruptin nearly wiped ut the small island f Mntserrat in 1997.
2．These measures have had a vital rle in restring the ecnmy.
3．They are still hunting fr the missing by，wh disappeared last Sunday after attending his friend's birthday party.
4．The cuntry needs new leadership if she is t play a rle in future develpment.
5．There are jbs mre dangerus than truck driving，fr instance，training lins.
Ⅰ.熟词生义(选出黑体词在句中的汉语意思)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I stuck the chicken in the freezer.C
A．戳 B．插入 C．放置
2．(2021·浙江1月卷)At first I gt jammed just abve my eyes and then，as I went n with my task，unwilling t quit，my nse briefly prevented entry.A
A．动弹不得；卡住了
B．塞入；塞进
C．即兴演奏
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff“switch” where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.C
A．改变 B．(铁路的)道岔 C．转换器
4．(2020·江苏卷) als began t find smething else，a cllectin f scientists，usually brilliant，ccasinally half­mad，wh made the discveries.B
A．收藏品 B．一群人 C．募集
Ⅱ.长难语句(分析句子的结构并将句子翻译成汉语)
1．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
本句为主从复合句。主句是Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine；关系副词where引导限制性定语从句修饰 care hmes，且在从句中作状语。
[尝试翻译]养老院的工作人员报告说，在使用母鸡的地方，药物的使用有所减少。
2．(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they've gne t bed.
本句为主系表结构的简单句。and 连接两个并列表语，letting the hens ut 作方式状语，t see they've gne t bed 为目的状语。
[尝试翻译]我早上坐着轮椅下去让母鸡出窝，晚上再下去看它们睡觉。
3．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)The staff is friendly and helpful，prviding yu with a map f the city when yu arrive，and ffering advice if yu require sme.
本句是简单句。主句为The staff is friendly and helpful，两个非谓语动词短语prviding...和ffering...作状语，其中两个非谓语动词短语中都含有一个从句，分别是时间状语从句when yu arrive和条件状语从句 if yu require sme。
[尝试翻译]工作人员是热情且乐于助人的，在你到达时会给你提供一张城市地图，如果你需要的话会提供建议。
短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。
In ur Earth's histry，there have been five times 1.when life n Earth has almst ended.The third mass extinctin 2.killed(kill) 90% t 96% f all species and the fifth event caused the 3.death(die) f the dinsaurs.The reasns fr extinctins are varied.The natural reasns include vlcanic eruptins，asterids hitting the Earth frm space，changes in sea levels，the decrease 4.f the xygen cntent f the sea and 5.glbal(glbe) warming.This time，man will be t blame 6.fr the Earth's sixth mass extinctin.Air and water pllutin，frests being destryed，factry farming and verfishing are causing species t die ut 1，000 times 7.faster(fast) than nrmal.We ught t take actin t avid a 8.sixth(six)extinctin nw，which means we have t save 9.endangered(endanger)species，change hw we wrk and travel and imprve ur farming methds t reduce water，air and land pllutin.In shrt，if we want t survive，we need t stp 10.destrying(destry) the planet that we live n and start t prtect it.
Step 1.要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)
①每天我们会碰到交通阻塞，抵达工作地点或者学校时感到心力交瘁、心烦气躁。
We get stuck in traffic jams and arrive at the wrkplace r schl，stressed ut，tired and angry，every day.
②和真正的社会损失相比，个人的愤怒和焦虑根本不值一提。
Persnal anger and stress are nthing cmpared t the real csts scially.
③在过去的二十年里，路上行驶的汽车数量增加了25%。
In the last 20 years，the number f cars n the rads has gne up by 25%.
④在过去十年中，平均每年有2 500人死于交通事故。
Over the last decade，vehicle accidents have caused an average f 2，500 deaths every year.
⑤来自汽车发动机的各种类型的温室气体导致全球变暖和气候变化。
Varius types f greenhuse gases frm car engines lead t glbal warming and climate change．
⑥每年有近3万人死于空气污染，并且有些癌症与交通污染有关。
Almst 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pllutin and sme types f cancer are related t traffic pllutin.
⑦我们应当立刻采取行动——迈开你的腿，乘坐公共交通工具和与他人拼车。
We shuld take actin at nce—using yur legs，using public transprt and sharing cars with smene else．
Step 2.衔接成文(利用恰当的过渡衔接词语连句成篇)
We get stuck in traffic jams and arrive at the wrkplace r schl，stressed ut，tired and angry，every day.But persnal anger and stress are nthing cmpared t the real csts scially.In the last 20 years，the number f cars n the rads has gne up by 25%.Over the last decade，vehicle accidents have caused an average f 2，500 deaths every year.Varius types f greenhuse gases frm car engines lead t glbal warming and climate change.Almst 30，000 deaths per year are caused by air pllutin and sme types f cancer are related t traffic pllutin.S we shuld take actin at nce—using yur legs，using public transprt and sharing cars with smene else.
Step 1.储备词汇(记牢本单元可用于描写的词汇)
Step 2.尝试练笔(翻译下面的续写小片段)
请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，并用适当的过渡词完成以下语段。
Cinderella住在一个历史悠久、风景优美的小镇上。然而，她最近对一些现象感到恼火。无论她走到哪里，她都会看到各种各样的塑料包装、坚果壳和雕刻在墙壁和树木上的字。此外，镇上还经常有交通堵塞。她对小镇感到焦虑，Cinderella去年开始和其他环保人士一起清理垃圾。她没有把污染归咎于游客，而是决定用自己的行为来影响他人。
Cinderella lives in a histric scenic twn.Hwever，she is annyed abut sme phenmena recently.Everywhere she ges，she will see varied plastic packaging，shells f nuts and characters carved n walls and trees.Besides，there are ften traffic jams in the twn.Anxius abut her twn，Cinderella set ut t clean up the rubbish with ther envirnmentalists last year.Instead f blaming the turists fr pllutin，she decides t affect thers with her behaviur.
续写语料积累
背诵·句之美
欣赏·语之秀
1.(动作描写)(2020·浙江卷) yung male plar bear wh was playing in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled ur garlic bread.
2.(心理描写)(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get，but I try t persuade them t keep smiling.
3.(人物描写)(2022·汕头市模拟)She was ne f the friendliest peple in schl，with shiny black hair and a mile­wide smile.
(2022·南通市联考)Jrdan felt embarrassed，but he pretended nt t hear.He quickly paid fr all his gds and rushed ut f the supermarket，leaving the wman staring at him frm behind.He lked at his watch and imagined that he wuld make it with gd luck.He quickly adjusted his scarf and disappeared int the mist like a gust f wind.
核心单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.item n．一项，一条
2.infrmative adj.有教育意义的；知识性强的
3.threat n．威胁；(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
4.illegally adv.非法地，违法地
5.decade n．十年，十年期
6.extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
7.incredibly adv.非常地，极端地
8.urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的
9.species n．物种，种
10.mass adj.大量的
11.restre vt.(使)恢复
12.decrease n．减少；减少的量vi.&vt.减少
13.blame vt.责怪，指责
14.realistic adj.现实的，实际的
15.claim vt.声称；断言；主张 n．声称；(根据权力而提出的)要求
16.relate vi.相联系，有关联
1.Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants，flwers，patterns and masses (mass)f clr.
2.The bk is t lng but，nnetheless，infrmative(infrmatin) and entertaining.
3.These measures have played a vital rle in restring(restre) the ecnmy.
4.This species will be extinct in a few decades (decade).
5.T make the training realistic (real) the simulatin perates in real time.
6.The mney culd be better spent n mre urgent(urgent) cases.
7.An peratin is beginning t try t save a species f crcdile frm extinctin(extinct).
8.Peple are becming mre sensitized t the dangers threatening(threaten) the envirnment.
9.If the items(item) are nt satisfactry，yu will get yur mney back.
派生单词
语境运用(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.cnserve v．保存；保护；储藏→cnservatin n．保护→cnservative adj.保守的；守旧的
2.recycle vi.&vt.再利用，回收利用→recyclable adj.可回收的→unrecyclable adj.不可回收的
3.danger n．危险→dangerus adj.危险的→endanger vt.危及→endangered adj.濒危的
4.cnsume vt.消费；消耗；吃完→cnsumer n．消费者→cnsumptin n．消费；消耗
5.cllect vt.收集，采集→cllectin n．收集；收藏品；专辑
6.anxiety n．忧虑，担心→anxius adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiusly adv.焦急地；焦虑地
7.anny vt.打搅；使烦恼→annyed adj.烦恼的，生气的→annying adj.使烦恼的→annyance n．烦恼
8.destry vt.破坏；毁掉→destructin n．破坏；毁掉→destryer n．破坏者
1.Recyclable materials must be recycled in rder t prtect ur envirnment.(recycle)
2.The fd n ffer is unfit fr human cnsumptin，s its cnsumers shuld be animals.(cnsume)
3.Up t nw，he has cllected a large cllectin f stamps abut animals.(cllect)
4.T her annyance，the annying news that she failed the exam made her parents very annyed．(anny)
5.He was interested in wildlife cnservatin and he prpsed the lcal gvernment shuld intrduce sme tugh new laws t cnserve wildlife in the area.(cnserve)
6.Lk ut! There are sme dangerus animals in the area，including Suth China Tiger，which is an endangered species.(danger)
7.Her husband sat utside the labratry，anxiusly awaiting the result f the medical tests and his anxiety led her t feel mre upset.(anxius)
高频短语
语境运用(选用左栏短语的适当形式填空)
1.d ne's part
尽自己的职责
2.die ut
消失；绝迹，灭绝
3.wipe ut
彻底毁灭
4.be t blame
(对某事)负有责任
5.be at risk
处境危险，受到威胁
6.set ut
开始做某事，着手进行
7.be related t
与……有关联
8.fr instance
例如
9.sum up
概括，总结
10.take actin
采取行动
11.take steps
采取措施
12.in shrt
总之
13.d away with
废除
14.get stuck in
陷入
1.T sum up，we shuld frm the habit f using mbile phnes prperly.
2.The gvernment has set ut t make many needed refrms in the past decade.
3.Students ught t d their part t make steady prgress.
4.T wipe ut the resistant frce，they declared that they had put arms including advanced tanks and fighter planes in place.
5.Many scientists say we are nw entering the Earth's sixth mass extinctin.This time，human activities will be t blame.
6.He had discvered that this nble family had died ut and was frgtten.
7.123，000 peple were at risk f early death ver the next 20 years，the study said.
原句结构辨识
写作佳句背诵
1.withut引导含蓄虚拟语气
Withut frests，we wuld have n air t breathe，and withut clean water we wuld be unable t survive.
没有你的帮助，我们现在就不会有那么大的成就。
Withut yur help，we wuld nt have achieved s much nw.
2.ver the last＋时间
Over the last decade，an average f 2，500 peple have died every year in vehicle accidents.
在过去几年里，这里的旅游业获得了相当大的发展。
Over the last few years turism here has develped cnsiderably.
3.with复合结构
Strms have been getting wrse everywhere t，with mre hurricanes hitting the US and Central America.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
With prices ging up s fast，we can't affrd luxuries.
情感描写
环境描写
动作描写
anxius adj.焦虑的，不安的
stressed ut焦虑的
anger n.
愤怒；怒气
annyed adj.烦恼的，生气的
varied adj.各种各样的，形形色色的
shell n．壳；贝壳
dirt n．灰尘，尘土
traffic jam交通堵塞
typhn n．台风
valley n．谷，山谷
scenic adj.景色优美的
histric adj.古老的；历史上重要的
blame v．责怪，指责
set ut开始做某事，着手进行
wrap v.
包，裹
swallw vi.& vt.吞下，咽下
carve vt.
雕，刻