北师大版高考英语一轮复习第1讲谓语动词课时学案

这是一份北师大版高考英语一轮复习第1讲谓语动词课时学案，共17页。学案主要包含了一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一般时态
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
主要由动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。
实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则：
2.一般现在时的用法
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)，如always，every time，nw and then，ccasinally，ften，seldm，never，smetimes，usually，every day/night等连用。
He ften ges t wrk by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day.
他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天晚餐后和妻子一块儿散步。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于g，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，cme等动词。
Lk at the timetable.Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes ff at 18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
(3)在状语从句中，当主句是一般将来时态时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
If it is fine tmrrw，we will g there.
要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。动词过去式的变化规则是：
2.一般过去时的用法
表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与ften，usually，seldm 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the ther day，last week，the day befre yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
In 1931，Addams became the first American wman t win the Nbel Peace Prize.
1931年，亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。
三、一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。
2．一般将来时的用法
表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。常与表示将来的时间状语tmrrw，next year，“in＋一段时间”等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话者临时的决定。
—What time is it?
——几点了？
—I have n idea.But just a minute，I will check it fr yu.
——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
(1)“be ging t＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Lk！Dark cluds are gathering.It is ging t rain sn，I think.
看！乌云正在聚集。我想快要下雨了。
Whether in the hme r the wrkplace，scial rbts are ging t becme a lt mre cmmn in the next few years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得更加普遍。
(2)“be t＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 'clck.
到10点你(们)得交上试卷。
(3)“be abut t＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
Tm was abut t clse the windw when his attentin was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
[易错提醒]
如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，要用过去将来时“wuld/shuld＋动词原形”。该时态主要出现在间接引语中。
I telephned him yesterday t ask what I wuld/shuld d next week.
我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周要干什么。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·烟台市教育科学研究院一模)Many Chinese ancient artwrks were created(create) n silk.
2．(2022·洛阳二模)Bth Mei Lanfang and Cheng Yanqiu were knwn fr their playing female characters in Peking Opera pieces，because，at the time，wmen were frbidden(frbid) t appear n stage.
3．(2022·沛县树恩中学阶段练习)Based n a true stry，the film is set in the War t Resist US Aggressin and Aid Krea (1950－1953)，which tells(tell) the stry f the Chinese Peple's Vlunteers sldiers fighting bravely under freezing temperatures in the key campaign at Lake Changjin.
4．(2022·四川达州一模)When ur high teacher first intrduced vlunteering t us，I gt inspired and applied immediately.Sn，I was s frtunate that I was accepted(accept) t be a vlunteer at a lcal hspital.
5．(2022·浙江效实中学模拟)On February 25，2021，Zhang Guimei was recgnized (recgnize) as ne f the rle mdels fr pverty alleviatin (扶贫)，and received a natinal hnrary title frm President Xi Jinping at a cmmendatin (嘉奖) cnference.
6．(2022·广饶一中模拟)The father as well as his three children ges (g) skating n the frzen river every Sunday afternn in winter.
7．(2022·南宁联考)The mvie was adapted (adapt) frm the true stry f a rad trip thrugh the suthern US in the early 1960s.
8．(2022·云台一中二模)They made up their minds that they wuld buy (buy) a new huse nce Larry changed his jb.
进行时态
一、进行时的构成
现在进行时由“am/is/are＋动词­ing”构成；过去进行时由“was/were＋动词­ing”构成；将来进行时由“will/shall＋be＋动词­ing”构成。动词­ing的变化规则如下：
二、进行时的用法
1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
—I hear yu are wrking in a pub.What's it like?
——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？
—Well，it's very hard wrk and I'm always tired，but I dn't mind.
——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于g，cme，leave，start，arrive，return，wrk，sleep，stay，have，wear，run ut等动词(词组)。
Fd supplies in the fld­stricken area are running ut.We must act immediately befre there's nne left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
2．过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that mment，at this time yesterday，at ten 'clck yesterday等连用。
He must have sensed that I was lking at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are yu staring at me like that？”
他一定感觉到了我正在看着他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻声地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？”
(2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack was wrking in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用，如：at this time tmrrw，by then，frm 1：30 t 4：30 tmrrw等。
Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·武汉联考)He was cleaning (clean)his bedrm when he suddenly heard a lud nise frm the street.
2．(2022·咸阳模拟)At this time tmrrw we will be flying (fly) ver the Atlantic Ocean.
3．(2022·玉林三名考试)Shirley was writing (write) a bk abut China last year but I dn't knw whether she has finished it.
4．(2022·南昌第五次考试)Hurry up！Mr.Jhnsn is expecting (expect) yu in his ffice.
5．(2022·广州白云中学模拟)Engineers are setting (set) up ver 15，000 sensrs (传感器) natinwide and wiring them int a web.
完成时态
一、完成时的构成
现在完成时由“have/has＋过去分词”构成；过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。
二、完成时的用法
1．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，并对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语有：already，just，yet，never，befre，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up t nw，till nw，s far等。
He has already received three similar invitatins this week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
In the past few years thusands f films have been prduced all ver the wrld.
在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； fr＋时间段等。
—I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege.Can yu play the pian fr me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Srry，I haven't played the pian fr years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作。
Will yu cme t my ffice when yu have finished yur wrk?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。
When walking dwn the street，I came acrss David，whm I hadn't seen fr years.
沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我已经有好几年没见他了。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：befre(＋从句)，by then，by that time，by the end f，by the time＋从句等。
He had scarcely put the phne dwn befre the drbell rang.
他刚放下电话，门铃就响了起来。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hpe，want，expect，think，mean，suppse，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I had intended t call n yu yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitr.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
3．常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That is the ＋(that) sb.has/have dne sth.；
This/It/That was the ＋(that) sb.had dne sth.这是某人第几次做某事
It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.
那是他第三次犯同样的错误了。
(2)It/This/That is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成式。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did sth.；
It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had dne sth.自从某人做某事以来多久了
(4)hardly(scarcely) (一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
Hardly/N sner had I gt hme when/than the rain pured dwn.
我一到家，就下起了倾盆大雨。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·潍坊市二模统考)And up t nw his inspiring stry has been filmed(film) int the Emmy award­nminated dcumentary “Bluebird Man”．
2．(2022·梅河口市第五中学一模)Since its beginning in 1987，the festival has changed (change) hst cities in each editin，travelling t areas including Beijing，Sichuan，Jiangsu，Zhejiang and Hubei ver the past three decades.
3．(2022·浙江省山水联盟5月联考)Undubtedly the bk is my favrite ne amng the bks that I have read(read) s far.
4．(2022·浙江省北斗星盟5月联考)Nw，in this latest study the scientists f the team have fund (find) that nt nly d such high­fat，high­sugar diets impair memry in humans，but they appear t directly affect ur ability t cntrl ur appetite.
5．(2022·菏泽市期中)In the years since，the technlgy that pwers clning has advanced/has been advancing (advance) slwly but steadily.
6．(2022·包头市质量检测)Just as I gt t the schl gate，I realized I had left (leave) my bk in the cafe.
7．(2022·厦门市六校联考)Either the beautiful sights f this mdern city r its lcal custm has attracted (attract) thusands f visitrs during the past years.
8．(2022·威海二中模拟)Dctrs and scientists have learned (learn) a great deal abut sleep in the last thirty years.
完成进行时
一、完成进行时的构成
完成进行时由have/has been ding或had been ding构成。
二、完成进行时的用法
1．现在完成进行时
(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。
I'm very tired.I have been checking the students' papers all mrning.
我很累。我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷。
(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
I have been calling him many times this mrning，but I can't get thrugh.
今天上午我给他打了很多次电话，但都没打通。
[易错提醒]
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别
I've read Tiny Times.
我已经读过《小时代》了。(已经完成)
I have been reading Tiny Times these days.
这些天我一直在读《小时代》。(仍在进行甚至仍将继续)
2．过去完成进行时
过去完成进行时主要表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间。这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She tld me that she had been studying French fr 5 years.
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作可能仍继续)
She tld me that she had been waiting fr me fr an hur.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
单句语法填空
1．(2022·长春四中模拟)S far，the animals have been develping(develp) five branches all ver the cntinent.
2．(2022·郑州联考)She has been painting(paint) the walls all day lng s she is very tired nw.
3．(2022·济宁市摸底考试)Since Zhangjiajie has been imprving (imprve) its transprtatin and service fr lng，the city nw can receive 36，200 turists per day.
4．(2022·荣成市听力考试)—Tny，why are yur eyes red?
—I have been cutting (cut) up peppers fr the last five minutes.
5．(2022·北戴河模拟)When Alice came t life，she did nt knw hw lng she had been lying (lie)there.
被动语态
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
1．各种时态的被动语态形式如下(以动词give为例)：
2.“get＋过去分词”也能构成被动语态，常用于口语中，其中的get已失去原有的词汇意义，而接近于be的功能。常见的有：get married结婚；get paid获得报酬；get hurt受伤；get trapped/stuck/caught被困。
二、被动语态的用法
1．不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；
2．强调动作的承受者时。
It is reprted that a space statin will be built n the mn in years t cme.
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上建成。
In my hmetwn，there is always a harvest supper fr the farmers after all the wheat has been cut.
在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。
With many frests being destryed，huge quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.
因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。
[易错提醒]
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cst花费；lack缺少；wn拥有；belng t属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/ccur发生；remain剩下；break ut爆发；last持续；cme ut出版；cme up被提出；lse heart失去信心；date frm/back t追溯到；run ut用完。
三、主动形式表达被动意义
1．“系动词feel，sund，taste，lk，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，becme，get，grw，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind f wl shirt feels sft.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，pen，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have yu bught the bk that sells well these days？I think it is suitable fr us teenagers.
你买最近畅销的那本书了吗？我认为它适合我们青少年。
3．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词，wrth等形容词的后面，动词­ing的主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The huse needs repairing(＝t be repaired)．
这房子需要修葺。
4．在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，imprtant，impssible，pleasant，interesting等。
The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.
这道题很难计算出。
5．be t rent/blame主动形式表被动意义。
Wh is t blame fr the mistake?
谁应为这个错误接受谴责？
单句语法填空
1．(2022·南通模拟预测)A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh had been trapped (trap) in the muntains fr tw days.
2．(2022·辽宁东北育才双语学校最后一卷)The netwrk is expected (expect) t duble in length again，t 70，000 kilmeters，by 2035.
3．(2022·抚顺市第一中学5月模拟)The 56­year­ld Kere was hnred (hnr) n Tuesday fr his pineering designs.
4．(2022·鞍山市第一中学六模)A prttype (原型) f the new maglev train was revealed (reveal) t media in 2019.
5．(2022·商丘四模)Flight recrders are als knwn as black bxes.Hwever，they are painted(paint) bright range in clr actually t aid in their recvery after accidents.
6．(2022·诸城市三模)In the near future，I hpe mre prgress will be made (make) in farming.
7．(2022·日照联考)Despite the previus runds f talks，n agreement has been reached (reach) s far by the tw sides.
8．(2022·柳州模拟)They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse is being decrated (decrate)．
虚拟语气
一、if条件句中的虚拟语气
If the new safety system had been put t use，the accident wuld never have happened.
要是新的安全系统被投入使用的话，这起事故就不会发生了。
We wuld be back in the htel nw if yu didn't lse the map.
如果你没有把地图弄丢的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
Grace desn't want t mve t New Yrk because she thinks if she were t live there，she wuldn't be able t see her parents very ften.
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
[易错提醒]
(1)如果在表示虚拟语气的if从句中含有were，had或shuld，可将if省略，然后将were，had或shuld移至主语之前。
(2)如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟，则被称为错综虚拟语气。此时主句常有明显的时间状语。
二、含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：withut(要是)没有；but fr要不是；therwise/r否则等。
—D yu have Betty's phne number?
——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？
—Yes.Otherwise，I wuldn't have been able t reach her yesterday.
——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。
Many f the things we nw benefit frm wuld nt be arund but fr Thmas Edisn.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中受益的很多东西就不会存在。
三、虚拟语气在从句中的运用
1．在名词性从句中的运用
(1)在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后的宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词形式后面的同位语或表语从句中的谓语用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词有：一坚持(insist)、一敦促(urge)、二命令(rder，cmmand)、三要求(require，demand，request)、四建议(suggest，advise，prpse，recmmend)。
She suggested that Dale (shuld)jin the debating team，believing that practice in speaking culd give him the cnfidence and recgnitin that he needed.
她建议戴尔加入辩论队，她认为演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
He insisted that the prblem (shuld) be discussed at the meeting.
他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
My desire is that we (shuld) nt quarrel ver such things again.
我的希望是我们不再为这样的事情争吵了。
[易错提醒]
当suggest作“暗示，表明”，insist作“坚持认为”讲时，从句要用陈述语气。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj./dne＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语用“(shuld＋)动词原形”。常见的形容词或过去分词有：imprtant，necessary，strange，suggested，rdered，advised，required，demanded 等。
It is necessary that we (shuld) clean the rm every day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
It is required that middle schl students (shuld) take at least ne hur's exercise every day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
(3)wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去式，“had＋过去分词”和“culd/might/wuld＋动词原形”，分别表示与现在、过去相反的情况和与将来情况可能相反。
I wish that I had met that film star yesterday.
我倒希望昨天见到了那个电影明星。
Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced as well as her.
埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好就好了。
(4) wuld rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。
We wuld rather ur daughter stayed at hme with us，but it is her chice，and she is nt a child any lnger.
我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，并且她不再是个孩子了。
2．三个固定句式中的虚拟语气
It was Jhn wh brke the windw.Why are yu talking t me as if I had dne it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
It is high time that we tk/shuld take sme measures t slve the prblem.
确实到了我们采取一些措施来解决问题的时候了。
Lk at the truble we are in.If nly we had taken ur teacher's advice!
看看我们所处的困境。要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好啊！
[易错提醒]
当as if/thugh引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，从句要用陈述语气。
单句语法填空
1．(2022·山东东平模拟)It's a pity that yu were late，therwise yu wuld have seen (see) the star frm Krea.
2．(2022·丽水模拟)I shuld nt have laughed if I had thught (think) yu were serius.
3．(2022·昭通三模)Dn't handle the vase as if it were (be) made f steel.
4．(2022·崇左市冲刺卷)If we hadn't made (make) adequate preparatins，the cnference wuldn't have been s successful.
5．(2022·重庆模拟)I wish I had(have) a magic machine which culd cure yu f the disease.
【技法点拨】
语法填空中对谓语动词的考查
语法填空的一个完整句子中若没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词，就要考虑动词的时态和语态，还要注意主谓一致和虚拟语气。
题型
高考典题试做
命题角度解读
语法填空
1.(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman f the China Culture Prmtin Sciety addressed(address) the pening ceremny.
2.(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were (be) previusly unprtected，bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3.(2022·新高考卷Ⅰ)After a three­year pilt perid，the GPNP will be fficially set up next year.The GPNP is designed(design) t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) f natural ecsystems...”
4.(2021·全国甲卷)It was built (build) riginally t prtect the city in the Tang Dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred (修复)．
1.时态主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时；
2.给出动词考查其被动语态；
3.考查主谓一致。
变化规则
例词
一般情况直接加­s
hate→hates
结尾为­s，­x，­sh，­ch
或­，在词尾加­es
discuss→discusses
fix→fixes
wash→washes
teach→teaches
g→ges
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”
变y为i再加­es
carry→carries
study→studies
变化规则
例词
一般情况在动词后加­ed
lk→lked
以­e结尾的动词后加­d
hpe→hped
like→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed
study→studied
try→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed
stp→stpped
admit→admitted
permit→permitted
prefer→preferred
变化规则
例词
一般情况在词尾
直接加­ing
ask→asking
以不发音的­e结尾的
动词，去e再加­ing
write→writing
take→taking
face→facing
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加­ing
cut→cutting
begin→beginning
swim→swimming
以­ie结尾的动词，变­ie为y再加­ing
lie→lying
die→dying
现在完成时
表示过去开始的一个动作对现在的影响或动作到目前为止已经完成，强调动作的最后结果
现在完成进行时
强调过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行，甚至仍将继续，强调动作的直接结果
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般式
am given
is given
are given
was given
were given
shall be
given
will be
given
shuld be
given
wuld be
given
进行式
am being
given
is being
given
are being
given
was being
given
were being
given
完成式
has been
given
have been
given
had been
given
shall have
been given
will have
been given
shuld have
been given
wuld have
been given
虚拟条件句
虚拟情况
主句
从句
与现在事
实相反
主语＋shuld/
wuld/culd/
might＋d
if＋主语＋过去
式(be用were)
与过去事
实相反
主语＋shuld/
wuld/culd/
might＋have dne
if＋主语＋had
＋过去分词
与将来事实
可能相反
主语＋shuld/
wuld/culd/
might＋d
if＋主语＋过去
式/were t d/
shuld＋d
虚拟情况
句式
虚拟现在
虚拟过去
虚拟将来
if nly引导的
条件句及感叹句
过去式
had＋
过去分词
wuld/culd/
might＋动词原形
as if/thugh引
导的表语从句
及方式状语从句
过去式
had＋
过去分词
wuld/might/
culd＋动词原形
It is (high)
time that...
过去式或shuld＋动词原形