北师大版高考英语一轮复习3第2讲非谓语动词课件

这是一份北师大版高考英语一轮复习3第2讲非谓语动词课件，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了held，planning，shared ，考点一　不定式，不定式的形式，to host，To give，To free，to attract，to see等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days t Xi'an，as a first step _____________(jurney) the Belt and Rad rute(路线) by ft.
1.考查非谓语动词的句法功能（状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和表语等），以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2.考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。
2.(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ____ (hld) in Beijing，Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute(致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
3.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilmeters frm Xi'an t Kashgar n Sept.20，________ (plan) t hike back t Xi'an in five mnths.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)It can help t build a cmmunity with a ________(share) future fr mankind...
二、不定式的功能1．不定式作主语(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常用单数。T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。
(2)不定式作主语时，更多放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，常用于“It is/was＋adj.(＋fr/f sb.)＋t d sth.”结构中。It's rude t turn yur back n yur teacher and refuse t answer.对老师不予理睬，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。It's necessary fr us t help thse in need.我们有必要帮助那些有困难的人。
2．不定式作宾语(1)不定式可作intend(打算)，plan(计划)，expect(期望)，pretend(假装)，wuld like/lve/prefer(喜欢)，wish(希望)，decide(决定)，agree(同意)，help(帮助)，manage(设法)，refuse(拒绝)，prmise(答应)，attempt(企图)，chse(选择)，ask(询问)，learn(学习)，fail(失败)，affrd(付得起)等动词的宾语。
The teacher decided t pretend t have knwn what the bys had dne.He chse nt t ask the bys but expected t be tld everything.老师决定假装已经知道这些男孩子们做了什么。他选择不去问孩子们，但是期望被告知一切。
(2)在某些动词如find，think，cnsider，feel，make，believe等后，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(不定式)后置。He feels/thinks it imprtant t learn English well，but finds it difficult t remember the wrds.他认为学好英语很重要，但是发现记单词很难。
3．不定式作表语不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，gal，aim，purpse，plan 等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。The aim f the talent shw is t enrich students' extra-curricular activities.这次才艺秀的目的是丰富学生们的课外活动。
4．不定式作定语(1)当被修饰词是序数词，the nly，the next和形容词最高级或名词/代词被这些词修饰时，常常用不定式作定语。Jhn is always the first ne t cme up with a gd idea.约翰总是第一个想出好办法的人。
(2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.t d和 there be sth.t d中。Students have a lt t learn in their schldays.在学生时代学生们有很多东西要学。(3)修饰某些名词，如chance，pprtunity，way，ability，plan 等。I feel greatly hnred t have the chance t deliver a speech here.有机会在这里发表演讲，我感到万分荣幸。
5．不定式作状语(1)不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in rder t d，s as t d，t d等，但s as t d不能置于句首。I gt up early s as t/in rder t/t catch the early bus in the mrning.我早晨早起是为了赶早班车。
(2)不定式作结果状语时，常用于，enugh t， t结构中。nly/just t d常表示出乎意料的结果。I asked Mum t put up the tent excitedly，nly t be tld the tent had been left behind.我兴冲冲地让妈妈搭帐篷，却被告知帐篷忘带了。Every time I prepare fr an imprtant examinatin，I will be t anxius t fall asleep.每次我准备重要考试时，我都会因太焦虑而睡不着。
(3)在be happy/glad/srry/sad/surprised t d sth.结构中作原因状语。I am extremely glad t knw that yu are cming t China fr a visit during the summer hliday.我很高兴得知暑假你要来中国旅游。
6．不定式作宾语补足语(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask，want，invite，get，frce，expect，allw，persuade，rder，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，frbid，advise，teach，tell等。I am writing t invite yu t cme t my birthday party.我写信邀请您来参加我的生日聚会。
(2)下列动词(短语)接省略t的动词不定式作宾语补足语：“一感”(feel)，“二听”(hear，listen t)，“三使”(let，have，make)，“五看”(see，ntice，bserve，watch，lk at)，“半帮助”(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加t。I ften hear the girl sing the sng which is ppular recently.＝The girl is ften heard t sing the sng which is ppular recently by me.我经常听到这个女孩唱这首最近很流行的歌。
单句语法填空1．(2022·四川宜宾二模)Designers' inspiratin frm jade fr a secnd time hnrs the Chinese capital's unique status－the first city ________ (hst) bth the Summer and Winter Olympics.2．(2022·安阳二模)_________(give)me a special impressin when we first met, he even bught me flwers.
3．(2022·北戴河模拟)_________ (free) urselves frm the physical and mental tensins，we each need deep thught and inner quietness.4．(2022·福州联考)Shanghai simplified the prcedures fr skilled freigners wrking in the city t get residence permits within three days, the city's latest measure ___________ (attract) verseas wrkers.5．(2022·长沙模拟)In Vancuver it is unusual _______ (see) a bear，but in sme cities yu can see big animals n the city streets every day.
6．(2022·襄阳模拟)The astrnauts sincerely invited yung viewers _____________(cnduct) similar experiments alng with them t experience the fun f explratin.7．(2022·咸阳二模)On this special day，many Chinese peple decide t get married _______(add) meaning t their special day.8．(2022·张家口高三下学期4月摸底)Using a Luyang shvel(铁铲)，and a brush _________ (sweep) away the dirt, and digging a blind bx, yu can harvest a piece f brnze ware frm the Shang Dynasty.
考点二　动词-ing形式
一、动词-ing形式的构成
二、动词-ing形式的功能1．动词-ing形式作主语(ding/being dne作主语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing形式(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首。谓语动词常常用单数，但表示多于一个的概念时，谓语动词则用复数。
Playing cell phne games is his favurite.玩手机游戏是他的最爱。Dancing and skating are my hbbies，and I als like t read shrt stries.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇小说。Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬。
(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (f...)/n use/n gd/n pleasure ding sth.结构中。It is n use trying t persuade such a stubbrn persn.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的。It is n pleasure being blamed in the face f ther students.当着其他学生的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的。
2．动词-ing形式作宾语(ding/being dne作宾语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing 形式(短语)可以作介词的宾语。I help Mum ut by ding the husewrk that I can d.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈。The by cried ludly fr nt being allwed t enter the amusement park.这个男孩因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣。
[易错提醒]以下短语中t 都是介词be used t习惯于　bject t 反对devte neself t 致力于　stick t坚持pay attentin t注意　lk frward t期盼adapt t适应　adjust t (使)适应于归因于　be addicted t对……上瘾reduce sb./sth.t(使)沦为
(2)动词-ing形式(短语)可以作某些及物动词的宾语。这类动词有：mind(介意)，miss(错过)，mentin(提到)，enjy(喜欢)，escape(逃避)，practise(练习)，pstpne(推迟)，suggest(建议)，stand/bear/tlerate(忍受)，cnsider(考虑)，keep(保持)，avid(避免)，admit(承认)，advise(建议)，allw/permit(允许)，appreciate(感激)，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，recmmend(建议)，finish(完成)，frbid(禁止)，imagine(想象)，dislike(不喜欢)，delay(延迟)，quit(放弃)，deny(否认)等。
The thief kept running t avid/escape being caught by the plice.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。Little Tm is cnsidering quitting practising playing the vilin because his neighbr culdn't tlerate listening t the nise every day.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴，因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪声。
3．动词-ing形式作表语(1)ding作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念(此时ding的名词意义较强，ding/being dne作表语不表示正在进行，只表示主/被动)。My hbby is reading bks.我的兴趣爱好是读书。What made me happy was being admitted t Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。
(2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“令人……的”，往往物作主语。如：amazing，bring，cnfusing，disappinting，exciting，frightening，surprising等。The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊。
4．动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时，用ding；当被修饰的名词与动词-ing形式之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时，用being dne)
(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语，放在被修饰词之前。置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的动作、特征、用途和性能。falling leaves正在落下的树叶a sleeping child睡着的孩子a swimming pl游泳池a reading rm阅览室
(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语，要放在被修饰词之后。the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩the bridge being built nw现在在建的大桥
5．动词-ing形式作状语(1)ding与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。 Walking in the street，I came acrss an ld friend.走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。
(2)having dne与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having waited in line fr tw hurs，the ld man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队，这位老人变得不耐烦了。
(3)having been dne与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。Having been tld many times，the by still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次了，这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。
6．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，结构为vt.＋sb./sth.＋ding...。可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有：“一感一抓一发现，二听四让和五看”(feel，catch，find，listen t/hear，have/keep/get/leave，see/watch/lk at/bserve/ntice)。
When I left schl，I saw them playing basketball n the playgrund.当我离开学校时，我看到他们正在操场上打篮球。I am srry fr keeping yu waiting fr me fr such a lng time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间。The headmaster was angry t catch sme students smking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。
单句语法填空1．(2022·武昌模拟)_____________ (knw) which university t attend，the girl asked her teacher fr advice.2．(2022·南通三测)He enjys _________(listen) t vilin music，_______(play) basketball，________(swim) and _______(read)．3．(2022·北戴河一中模拟)Mary's ___________(late) fr class made her teacher angry.
4．(2022·黄山中学模拟)It is n use _______(argue) with him abut such a matter.5．(2022·平阴县模拟)I lked up and nticed a snake _______(wind) its way up the tree t catch its breakfast.6．(2022·临沂市联考)The matter ________________(discuss) nw is s imprtant that it will attract everyne's attentin.
being discussed
7．(2022·滨州模拟)Facial recgnitin technlgy is wrking well at turist attractins arund China，________(reduce) the time peple spend standing in lines at entries r security checks.8．(2022·大理实验高中模拟)It tells a ________ (tuch) stry that highlights Chinese families.
1．过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语，往往放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词之后。及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。the plluted water被污染的水
a brken glass 一只打碎的玻璃杯the bridge cmpleted last mnth上个月竣工的大桥the flwers planted last year 去年种的花fallen leaves落叶
2．过去分词作状语其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Praised by the teacher，he lked very excited.受到了老师的表扬，他看起来很激动。Seen frm the tp f the muntain，ur city lks beautiful.从山顶上望去，我们的城市很美。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，构成vt.＋sb./sth.＋dne结构。可以用于此结构的动词有：(1)感官动词 see，watch，hear，feel，find，ntice等。(2)使役动词 have，make，keep，leave，get等。
(3)表示“想、希望、好恶”的单词，如：want，wish，like等。I hear the sng sung every time I pass by the cffee shp.每当我经过这家咖啡店，我都能听到有人唱这首歌。She had t raise her vice t make herself heard.她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。The ld man wanted his ld watch repaired.这位老人想要找人修他的旧手表。
4．过去分词作表语如果是和情绪相关的动词的过去分词形式，则形容词意义较强，表示“感到……的”，主语往往是指人的名词。如：amazed，bred，cnfused，disappinted，excited，frightened，surprised等。I felt really surprised when she tld me the exciting news.当她告诉我这个令人兴奋的消息时，我感到非常惊讶。
单句语法填空1．(2022·陕西商洛一模)We have traditinal Zhngshan suit, Chengsam and many ther suits _______(create) by ethnic minrities.2．(2022·河南新乡二模)A cmpany _____(name) SpaceX is hping t land civilian astrnauts n Mars.3．(2022·九江二模)The wrld's first express train with a studi ______ (pwer) by 5G tech has been launched.
4．(2022·保定市4月模拟)___________ (register) dieticians and nutritinists can wrk in clinics, in the cmmunity, and in management.5．(2022·东营冲刺卷)He was sleeping when he heard his name _______(shut) frm the utside.6．(2022·周口市联考)Clearly and thughtfully _______ (write)，the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
7．(2022·梅州二模)When we saw the rad _______ (blck) with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.8．(2022·石家庄质量检测)When he was ready t leave he fund his bicycle's frnt tyre(轮胎) flat.He had t lk fr a place alng the street t get his bicycle ________ (repair)．
【技法点拨】语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查1．若句子中已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填动词通常是非谓语动词，这时就要确定是动词-ing形式，过去分词形式，还是不定式形式。