八年级下册Grammar教案配套ppt课件

这是一份八年级下册Grammar教案配套ppt课件，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了定义及结构，past ，now ，用法1，用法2，过去分词的构成，became，took，lay，slept等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Yesterday , we cleaned the classrm.
Nw , the classrm is clean because we have cleaned it.
强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响
I began t teach English at this schl fiveyears ag.
I have taught English at this schl fr five years.
过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去
现在完成时-基本结构：have/has+动词的过去分词I have studied English fr six years.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词（dne)+其他否定句：主语+have/has+nt+dne+其他疑问句：把have，has提前
1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：name-named3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stp-stpped5. 不规则变化 AAA, ABB, ABC, AAB, ABA
不规则变化的动词过去式和过去分词
I’ve already had dinner. I ________ ________ dinner ______.2. He has just finished his hmewrk. He ________ ________ his hmewrk _________.3. Mum’s cked the dinner. Mum _______ ________ the dinner.4. Susan’s learned English at schl. Susan ________ ________ English at schl.
hasn’t cked
把下列句子改为一般疑问句
I’ve already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his hmewrk. 3. Mum’s cked the dinner.4. Susan’s learned English at schl.
Have yu already had dinner?
Has he just finished his hmewrk?
Has Mum cked the dinner?
Has Susan learned English at schl?
现在完成时用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 用法2过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，还有可能继续持续下去 现在完成时-基本结构：have/has+动词的过去分词
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词（dne)+其他否定句：主语+have/has+nt+dne+其他疑问句：把have，has提前过去分词的构成规则变化不规则变化
already已经(肯定句)
yet已经（疑问句）还（否定句）
ever曾经(疑问句)
twice/其他倍数两次、几次
in the past/last few years在最近的几年里
根据句意填空：I have __________________ finished my hmewrk.He has nt begun t wrk _____.I have ______ finished my lunch.Have yu _____ been t the park? N, ______.Have yu seen the mvie _____?She has learned 3000 English wrds ________.
already/just
since “自……以后；从……以来”
since + 时间点since + 句子（一般过去时）since + 时间段+ag
E.g. 1) I have lived here since I was brn.我从出生起就住在这里。  2) I have lived here since 2003.我从2003年就住这里了。
E.g. 1) I have lived here fr mre than twenty years.我在这儿住了二十多年了。= I have lived here since twenty years ag.
注意:现在完成时中，如果有since/fr出现，其主句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。对since/fr引导的状语提问要用hw lng.短暂性动词的否定形式可以和since/fr搭配使用。I have studied English fr 20 years. I have studied English since 20 years ag.Hw lng have yu studied English?Cindy hasn’t called me since she went t Lndn.
I have lived here fr 10 years.(划线部分提问）
Hw lng have yu lived here?
She has std here since 2 hur ag.(划线部分提问）
Hw lng has she std here?
练一练: since 和fr怎么选？
Ms. Li has been in hspital ______ last week.I have stayed at my aunt’s ______ tw weeks.I’ve knwn her ______ we were children.She has been away frm Xi’an _____ abut ten years.It’s abut ten years ______ she left the city.The ld man has wrked in this clinic _______ 1980.I have been here _______ tw days ag.
标志词already已经(肯定句)yet已经（疑问句）还（否定句）ever曾经(疑问句)never从来不just刚刚s far到目前为止twice/其他倍数 两次、几次in the past/last few years在最近的几年里fr + 时间段since + 时间点since + 句子（一般过去时）since + 时间段+ag
注意:现在完成时中，如果有since/fr出现，其主句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。对since/fr引导的状语提问要用 hw lng.3. 短暂性动词的否定形式可以和 since/fr搭配使用。
Hurry up ! The play _______ fr ten minutes.A. has been n B. has begun C. had begun D. began
短暂 —— 延续begin —— be n
MmentaryVerbs
Duratinal Verbs
延续性动词表示能够延续的动词，表示经过，经历。常与一段时间连用。如：be,study,wrk,keep,live等。
短暂性动词也为瞬间动词，表示这种动作发生后就立刻结束。不能跟一段时间连。如：begin,arrive,die,brrw,buy等。
火眼金睛，找出延续性动词
瞬间动词和延续性动词White先生已经去世2年了。死，去世 瞬间动词还是延续性动词？Mr. White has died fr tw years.Mr. White has been dead fr tw years 总结：瞬间动词不能与时间段时间状语（fr，hw lng, since）连用，瞬间动词必须改写成延续性动词。
finish/ end be ver
jin be in
pen be pened
buy have
leave away
brrw keep
start/begin be n
marry be marry
—Yur new bike is s nice! When did yu buy it? —In July. I _________ it fr tw weeks. A. hadB. have hadC. have bughtD. bught
1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black __________________________China since her died five years ag. The her ______________________ fr five years.
has been away frm
has been dead
3.The meeting began tw minutes ag. The meeting _________________ fr tw brrwed tw bks last week. We _______________ the tw bks fr a week.5. Sally jined the League tw years ag. Sally _______________ the League fr tw years.
has been in
易错点1延续性动词表示能够延续的动词，表示经过，经历。常与一段时间连用。如：be,study,wrk,keep,live等。短暂性动词也为瞬间动词，表示这种动作发生后就立刻结束。不能跟一段时间连。如：begin,arrive,die,brrw,buy等。
瞬间动词不能与时间段时间状语（fr，hw lng, since）连用，瞬间动词必须改写成延续性动词。瞬间变延续1.同义词2.be+形容词3.be+介词
have gne t ; have been t ; have been in
1.They came t ur schl in 1980. They ur schl since ’s Jim? ---He has t Guiling.
have been in
have been t 意思是“到过，去过某地”（已回）(表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿)后面常跟次数或者ever等词have gne t 意思是“去了某地”（未回）(表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了)have been in 意思是“呆在某地”（常跟时间段连用）(表示呆在某地多久，现在人还在那里)
—Where is Tm？- He __________ England.A. has gne t B. has been t
A number f turists _______ Xi’an many times because it is such a beautiful city.A. have been t B. has been tC. have gne t D. has gne t
—Has yur cusin arrived in Beijing yet?—Yes. She ________ Beijing since yesterday mrning.A. arrived in B. has arrived in C. has been in D. has been t
—Has Mr. Green travelled abrad yet?—Nt nly Mr. and Mrs. Green but als their daughter ________ abrad twice.A. have gne B. have been C. has gne D. has been
The White t the wn’t cme back.Hw many times t Paris?
have yu been
---Hw lng ___________ yu __________ this schl? ---I ___________________this schl fr three years.I haven’t seen yu fr a lng time.Where have yu been? I ______________ Guangzhu.
have been in
have been in
have been t
易错点2have been t 意思是“到过，去过某地”（已回）have gne t 意思是“去了某地”（未回）have been in 意思是“呆在某地”（常跟时间段连用）
He has a cmputer f his wn. He ________ it tw days ag. A. had B. buy C. bught D. has bught
现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;
而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
现在完成时& 一般过去时
共同点：现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情
I _________________ the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I _____________ the film three days ag. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr. Green ________________ a new cmputer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr. Green ___________ a new cmputer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别: 侧重点不同
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别: 标志词不同
一般过去时标志词：yesterday(昨天); the day befre yesterday(前天)just nw(刚才); 时间+ ag; last +时间 等;
eg1.The plane tk ff ten minutes ag.
eg2. We finished ur task last week .
--- Hw lng ______yu_______ yur dictinary?  --- Abut tw mnths.A. did; buy  B. have; get     C. have; had     D. have; have bght
—Is yur brther a League member?—Yes, he ______the League three years ag. He ______a League member fr three years.A. jined; has beenB. has jined; has beenC. was jined; isD. jined; was
—Have yu ever______ t Cazhu Peny Garden?—Yes, I ______ there last year.A. been; wentB. gne; wentC. been; gne
— I ______ yur sister ride a new bike this mrning.— A new bike? She ______ it fr abut tw years.A. saw; has bughtB. saw; has hadC. have seen; bughtD. have seen; had
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别: 侧重点不同标志词不同
现在完成时& 一般过去时共同点：现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情不同点：现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
1._____ yu ________(clean) the rm? Yes, we _____________(d) that already. When _______ yu ______(d) it? We _______(d) it an hur he ______(see) this film yet? Yes. he has. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. Hw many times _____yu______(be) there?
选用 fr和 since填空:1.We haven’t seen each ther ______ a lng father has been in the Party ______ 10 years film has been n ______ 20 Green has wrked here ______ he came t grandparents have been dead ______ several years.6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.
改 错1. Hw lng have yu begun t study English?2. I have brrwed this bk fr tw weeks.3. The river has becme very dirty since last August.
改 错4. Our manager is away tday. He has been t Guangzhu n business.5. He has gne ut fr tw years
—Where is yur sister?—She ________ France and she ________ Paris fr tw weeks.A. has been t, has been in B. has gne t, will stay inC. has been in, has been t D. has stayed in, has gne t
—This is a really ld bike. —Yes, I _____ it fr seven years.A. have had B. have bught C. bught D. have buy
The shp in Wanda Square ________ fr six years, but I _______ there s far.A. has pened, haven’t gne B. has been pen, haven’t beenC. has been pen, haven’t gneD. has been pened, haven’t been
—Is everyne here tday, Jnathan?—N, sir. Mike is absent. He ________ fr tw days.A. has fallen ill B. has been illC. fell ill D. was ill