专题16 阅读理解说明文狂刷20篇-2024高考英语一轮复习小题狂练大题狂刷(新高考版）

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Passage 1
The term “nimania”, which is used t describe peple with bsessive (强迫性的), prblematic shpping and spending behavirs, cnsists f the Greek wrds “nis”, meaning “fr sale”, and “mania”. Als knwn as Cmpulsive Buying Disrder (CBD) and Impulsive Cmpulsive Buying Disrder (ICBD), nimania can leave negative impact n yur financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.
At this pint yu might be wndering: “What’s the difference between an nimaniac and smene wh likes t shp perhaps a bit t much?” We tend t believe that the tw are rather similar. Clinically (从临床上看), hwever, they are quite easy t separate.
Althugh peple wh like shpping will return an item if they d nt like it and start budgeting if they run lw n mney, peple suffering frm nimania are n lnger able t make reasnable, let alne financially respnsible, decisins. They smetimes emtinally dissciate frm what they are ding, making their purchases while they are nt really sure what t buy. Spending relieves feelings f anxiety and depressin, but nly temprarily. In a shrt time, they might becme mdy, annyed, and depressed, and their cnfidence declines sharply.
T a certain extent, spending makes everyne feel gd. In 2007, a grup f researchers frm MIT, Stanfrd and Carnegie Melln lked at the brains f American cnsumers via MRI technlgy and fund that when they purchased desirable bjects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — wuld light up, indicating a psitive stimulatin. This stimulatin can take n different frms. Fr instance, sme peple get particularly excited when they believe they have gtten a gd deal. This, researchers say, is the result f the prefrntal crtex — the decisin-making part f ur brain — interacting with the insula, the part f ur brain that prcesses pain. Accrding t psychtherapist Jyce Marter, cmpulsive buyers in the U. S. make an average f 156 impulsive purchases per year. Each purchase sets them back arund $81. 75, making fr a grand ttal f $5, 400 per year and a thrugh shcking $324, 000 per lifetime. That mney culd have been invested in a hme, an educatin, r ther prducts that yu actually need in rder t survive and thrive in the wrld. Ultimately, thugh, treating nimania is abut much mre than just prtecting yur finances frm yur wn impulses — it’s als abut maintaining yur persnal mental health and imprving yur relatinships with thers.
1．What d we knw abut nimania?
A．It is a nrmal behavir.
B．It influences peple’s health.
C．It means peple wh like shpping.
D．It describes peple’s difference.
2．What des the underlined phrase “run lw n” prbably mean?
A．run ut f
B．g shrt f
C．lk dwn n
D．becme rich in
3．What des the furth paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Why many researchers take part in the study.
B．Hw everyne makes a wise decisin.
C．Hw desirable bjects are well welcme.
D．Why shpping makes cmmn peple happy.
4．What is the benefit f treating nimania?
A．It is beneficial t educatin.
B．It develps ur desires.
C．It keeps ur mind healthy.
D．It is harmful t relatinships.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“nimania”（购物成瘾）的概念和特点，与普通购物爱好者的区别，以及购物对人们大脑的刺激和对财务和心理健康的影响。文章最后强调了治疗购物成瘾的重要性，不仅是为了保护个人财务，更是为了维护个人心理健康和改善人际关系。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Als knwn as Cmpulsive Buying Disrder (CBD) and Impulsive Cmpulsive Buying Disrder (ICBD), nimania can leave negative impact n yur financial health and mental wellbeing if left untreated.(也被称为强迫性购物障碍（CBD）和冲动性强迫性购物障碍（ICBD），如果不接受治疗，购物成瘾可能会对您的财务健康和心理健康产生负面影响。)”可知，nimania (强迫购物症)可能会影响人们的健康。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Althugh peple wh like shpping will return an item if they d nt like it(尽管喜欢购物的人会在不喜欢商品时退货，)”以及“start budgeting (开始做预算)”可知，此处构成并列结构，强调非强迫性购物者尽管喜欢购物，但是他们会在不喜欢商品时退货，并在资金短缺时开始预算。故划线词与B选项为同义词，意为“短缺”。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“In 2007, a grup f researchers frm MIT, Stanfrd and Camegie Melln lked at the brains f American cnsumers via MRI technlgy and fund that when they purchased desirable bjects, their nucleus accumbens — the brain’s pleasure center — wuld light up, indicating a psitive stimulatin. (2007年，来自麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学和卡梅吉·梅隆大学的一组研究人员通过核磁共振成像技术对美国消费者的大脑进行了研究，发现当他们购买想要的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会亮起，表明有积极的刺激。)”可知，本段主要介绍了一个科学发现即在2007年，研究人员发现当美国消费者购买令人向往的物品时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活，表明有积极的刺激，即解释了为什么普通人在购物的时候会感觉到快乐：是因为购物时，他们的伏隔核——大脑的快乐中心——会被激活。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, thugh, treating nimania is abut much mre than just prtecting yur finances frm yur wn impulses — it’s als abut maintaining yur persnal mental health and imprving yur relatinships with thers.(然而，治疗购物狂并不仅仅是保护自己的财务免受自己的冲动影响，它还涉及维护个人心理健康和改善与他人的关系。)”可知，治疗购物成瘾使我们的头脑保持健康。故选C。
Passage 2
Rain is vital t life n Earth. Hwever, rain isn’t just made f water anymre — it’s partly made f plastic.
Millins f tiny pieces f plastic, called micrplastics, are wandering arund Earth’s atmsphere and traveling acrss entire cntinents, accrding t a study published in the jurnal Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences n April 12. Anther study, published in the jurnal Science in June 2020, has revealed that every year mre than 1,000 tns f the particles — equivalent t ver 120 millin plastic bttles — fall in rain.
Micrplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and cme frm a number f surces. Plastic bags and bttles released int the envirnment break dwn int smaller and smaller bits. Sme micrplastics are manufactured deliberately t prvide abrasin in a hst f prducts, such as tthpaste and cleansers, accrding t the Daily Mail. Anther majr surce is yur washing machine. When yu wash synthetic clthing, tiny micrfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even thugh the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the micrplastics remain, and they are released int the sea, accrding t American magazine Wired.
Plastic rain may remind peple f acid rain, but the frmer is far mre widespread and harder t deal with. The tiny particles, t small t be seen with the naked eye, are cllected by the wind frm the grund. They are s light that they stay in the air t be blwn arund the glbe. As they climb int the atmsphere, they are thught t act as nuclei arund which water vapr cndenses t frm cluds. Sme f the dust falls back t land in dry cnditins, while the rest cmes dwn as rain, accrding t the Daily Mail.
Micrplastics have been fund everywhere yu can imagine. Frm fish and frgs t mice and msquites, their bdies have been fund, n average, t cntain 40 pieces f micrplastic, reprted Daily Mail. As the tp f the fd chain, humans are expsed t micrplastics, t. “ We live n a ball inside a bubble,” micrplastic researcher Steve Allen at University f Strathelyde, Sctland, tld Wired. “There are n brders, there are n edges. It (plastic rain) is raining n the land and then getting blwn back up int the air again, t mve smewhere else. There’s n stpping it nce it’s ut.”
5．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw micrplastics are used widely.
B．Hw micrplastics cme int being.
C．Hw micrplastics pllute water.
D．Hw micrplastics shuld be handled.
6．What d we knw abut micrplastics?
A．They are light and can be easily dealt with.
B．They result in bth acid rain and plastic rain.
C．They have nearly affected the whle fd chain.
D．They have a diameter f at least 5 millimeters.
7．What d Steve Allen’s wrds mean in the last paragraph?
A．Cuntries shuld wrk tgether t fight pllutin.
B．The atmsphere pssesses the capacity t self-cleanse.
C．It is imprtant t remve micrplastics smewhere else.
D．N place is safe frm micrplastic pllutin.
8．Which f the fllwing can be the best title?
A．The surces and effects f micrplastics.
B．The difference between acid rain and plastic rain.
C．The dangers f micrplastics.
D．The micrplastics in fd chain.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明雨水不再仅仅是由水构成的，它部分由塑料构成。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Micrplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and cme frm a number f surces. Plastic bags and bttles released int the envirnment break dwn int smaller and smaller bits. Sme micrplastics are manufactured deliberately t prvide abrasin in a hst f prducts, such as tthpaste and cleansers, accrding t the Daily Mail. Anther majr surce is yur washing machine. When yu wash synthetic clthing, tiny micrfibers get flushed away with the wastewater. Even thugh the water is treated by a wastewater plant, the micrplastics remain, and they are released int the sea, accrding t American magazine Wired.(微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，来源多种多样。释放到环境中的塑料袋和塑料瓶被分解成越来越小的碎片。据《每日邮报》报道，一些微塑料是故意制造出来的，以在牙膏和洗面奶等一系列产品中产生磨损作用。另一个主要来源是你的洗衣机。当你洗合成衣物时，微小的微纤维会随着废水一起被冲走。据美国《连线》杂志报道，尽管污水处理厂对这些水进行了处理，但微塑料仍然存在，并被释放到海洋中。)”可知，第三段介绍了微塑料的几种来源，故本段是讲述微塑料是如何产生形成的。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Micrplastics have been fund everywhere yu can imagine. Frm fish and frgs t mice and msquites, their bdies have been fund, n average, t cntain 40 pieces f micrplastic, reprted Daily Mail. As the tp f the fd chain, humans are expsed t micrplastics, t.(你能想到的任何地方都有微塑料。据《每日邮报》报道，从鱼、青蛙到老鼠、蚊子，他们的体内平均含有40个塑料微粒。作为食物链的顶端，人类也会接触到微塑料。)”可知，微塑料几乎可以在任何地方被发现，由此可推断，微塑料几乎影响了整个食物链。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““We live n a ball inside a bubble,” micrplastic researcher Steve Allen at University f Strathelyde, Sctland, tld Wired. “There are n brders, there are n edges. It (plastic rain) is raining n the land and then getting blwn back up int the air again, t mve smewhere else. There’s n stpping it nce it’s ut.”(“我们生活在一个泡泡里的球上，”苏格兰斯特拉希利德大学的微塑料研究员Steve Allen告诉《连线》杂志。“没有边界，没有边缘。它(塑料雨)在陆地上下雨，然后再次被吹回空中，移动到其他地方。一旦泄露出去，就无法阻止了。”)”可知，在Steve Allen看来，世界上没有任何一个地方可以免受微塑料的污染。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Rain is vital t life n Earth. Hwever, rain isn’t just made f water anymre — it’s partly made f plastic.(雨对地球上的生命至关重要。然而，雨水不再仅仅是由水构成的，它部分由塑料构成。)”可知，现在的雨水中含有塑料；文章第三段“Micrplastics are plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in diameter and cme frm a number f surces.(微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，来源多种多样。)”；文章第四段“Plastic rain may remind peple f acid rain, but the frmer is far mre widespread and harder t deal with.(塑料雨可能会让人想起酸雨，但前者的影响范围更广，也更难处理。)”可知，文章用雨引出微塑料无处不在这一话题，并分析了微塑料的来源以及影响。故选A。
Passage 3
Finding a mask which ffers yu a high prtectin level is crucial t filtering (过滤) ut any particles fr a lng time. Hwever, after a few hurs, the mask becmes cntaminated (污染) by the particles and yu need t replace it with a new ne. See, yu have t get a mask ffering active prtectin in additin t passive filtratin.
The first rule f a mask ffering yu any kind f prtectin is that it needs t fit well. The mask als needs t be cmfrtable and allw yu t breathe easily fr yu t be able t keep it n fr as many hurs as yu need.
During lng hurs f wear, fd and dirt may remain n the inside f yur mask. All the hurs spent in a place with less-than-ideal cnditins fr human health are wnderful news fr bacteria that thrive n fd particles and muck left behind n the inside f yur mask. This grwth pprtunity fr bacteria culd nt just be dangerus but culd als cause a bad smell. S yu’d better have a kind that kills ff the smell-causing bacteria, leaving yur mask smelling fresh.
Yu shuld lk fr clth masks that have multiple layers f breathable fabric that is tightly wven, include a rbust (结实的) nse wire fr yu t adjust the mask t the shape f yur face and prevent air escaping frm arund yur nse, d nt have gaps arund the nse r sides f the face and that blck ut the light if yu hld the mask up t a bright light surce. It is gd fr the mask t cme with yur chice f either head straps r ear straps, bth adjustable. It is als gd if the mask has different sizes ranging frm kids t adults t ensure everyne stays prtected.
9．What is mst imprtant abut a mask accrding t the first paragraph?
A．Offering passive filtratin.
B．Offering active prtectin.
C．Wrking fr lng hurs.
D．Filtering ut all particles.
10．Why shuld a mask have a rbust nse wire?
A．T shape yur face.
B．T blck ut the light.
C．T ffer different sizes ranging frm kids t adults.
D．Fr yu t adjust the shape and prevent air escaping.
11．Which f the fllwing can’t be adjusted?
A．The size.B．The ear strap.
C．The nse wire.D．The head strap.
12．Whm is the passage intended fr?
A．Kids.B．Dctrs.
C．Citizens.D．Mask makers.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．A 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了挑选口罩的方法。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Finding a mask which ffers yu a high prtectin level is crucial t filtering (过滤) ut any particles fr a lng time.” (找到一个能提供高防护等级的口罩对于长时间过滤掉任何颗粒至关重要。)可知，口罩能提供有效的保护是很重要的。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Yu shuld lk fr clth masks that have multiple layers f breathable fabric that is tightly wven, include a rbust (结实的) nse wire fr yu t adjust the mask t the shape f yur face and prevent air escaping frm arund yur nse, d nt have gaps arund the nse r sides f the face and that blck ut the light if yu hld the mask up t a bright light surce. (你应该选择有多层紧密编织的透气织物的布口罩，包括一个坚固的鼻线，你可以根据你的脸型调整口罩，防止空气从你的鼻子周围逸出，鼻子周围或脸两侧没有缝隙，如果你把口罩举到明亮的光源前，它会挡住光线。) ”可知，口罩需要坚固的鼻绳来紧贴鼻子，防止气体流出。故选D项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is als gd if the mask has different sizes ranging frm kids t adults t ensure everyne stays prtected. (如果口罩的尺寸从儿童到成人不等，以确保每个人都得到保护，这也是很好的。)”可知，口罩的大小不能调整。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Finding a mask which ffers yu a high prtectin level is crucial t filtering (过滤) ut any particles fr a lng time. Hwever, after a few hurs, the mask becmes cntaminated (污染) by the particles and yu need t replace it with a new ne. See, yu have t get a mask ffering active prtectin in additin t passive filtratin. (找到一个能提供高防护等级的口罩对于长时间过滤掉任何颗粒至关重要。然而，几个小时后，口罩会被颗粒污染，你需要更换一个新的口罩。你得有一个除了被动过滤之外还能提供主动保护的口罩。)”可知，本文主要介绍了挑选口罩对抗污染的方法，故其目标读者是所有市民。故选C项。
Passage 4
One recent reprt fund that adults in the US check their phnes, n average, 344 times a day—nce every fur minutes—and spend almst three hurs a day n their devices in ttal. The prblem fr many f us is that ne quick phne-related task leads t a quick check f ur email r scial media feeds, and suddenly we’ve been trapped int endless scrlling (刷屏).
What we d knw is that the simple distractin f checking a phne r seeing a ntificatin (提示) can have negative cnsequences. This isn’t very surprising; we knw that, in general multitasking harms memry and perfrmance. One f the mst dangerus examples is phne use while driving. One study fund that merely speaking n the phne, nt texting, was enugh t make drivers slwer t react n the rad. It’s true fr everyday tasks, t. Simply hearing a ntificatin “ding” made participants f anther study perfrm far wrse n a task-almst as badly as participants wh were speaking r texting n the phne during the task.
In ne recent study, fr example, researchers asked participants t either put their phnes next t them s they were visible (like n a desk), nearby and ut f sight (like in a bag r pcket), r in anther rm. Participants then cmpleted a series f tasks t test their abilities t prcess and remember infrmatin, their prblem-slving, and their fcus.
They were fund t perfrm far better when their phnes were in anther rm instead f nearby—whether visible, pwered n r nt. That held true even thugh mst f the participants claimed nt t be cnsciusly thinking abut their devices.
Our brains may be subcnsciusly hard at wrk in preventing the desire frm checking ur phnes, r cnstantly mnitring the envirnment t see if we shuld check ur phne (eg. waiting fr a ntificatin). Either way, this distracted attentin can make ding anything else mre difficult. The nly “fix”, the researchers fund, was putting the device in a different rm entirely.
13．What did the recent reprt in Paragraph I find?
A．Multitasking is very dangerus.
B．Ntificatin is always heard.
C．Peple are addicted t mbile phnes.
D．Peple like ding phne-related tasks.
14．Hw is the text develped?
A．By making cmparisns.
B．By examining differences.
C．By fllwing the rder f imprtance.
D．By analyzing causes and giving examples.
15．What shuld yu d t prevent the desire f checking phnes?
A．D anything mre difficult.
B．Use phnes t d right things.
C．Mnitr the envirnment arund.
D．Stay away frm phnes entirely.
16．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Hw d We Avid the Distractin f Phnes?
B．Why Are Peple Fnd f Using Mbile Phnes?
C．What Shuld We D When Buying Mbile Phnes?
D．Hw D We D Research by Using Mbile Phnes?
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了手机对人们注意力和表现的负面影响，以及将手机放在另一个房间可以有效避免这种影响。同时文章提出建议将手机放在另一个房间以避免分心。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“One recent reprt fund that adults in the US check their phnes, n average, 344 times a day—nce every fur minutes—and spend almst three hurs a day n their devices in ttal. (最近的一份报告发现，美国成年人平均每天查看手机344次——每4分钟一次——每天总共花在手机上的时间接近3个小时。)”可知，美国成年人平均每天查看手机344次——每4分钟一次——每天总共花在手机上的时间接近3个小时，即该研究报告指出人们对手机上瘾的现象。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“What we d knw is that the simple distractin f checking a phne r seeing a ntificatin (提示) can have negative cnsequences.(我们所知道的是，查看手机或看通知这样简单的分心会产生负面后果。)”以及“This isn’t very surprising; we knw that, in general multitasking harms memry and perfrmance. (这并不奇怪；我们知道，一般来说，多任务处理会损害记忆和表现。)”可知，文章此处指出查看手机或者看通知分心会产生负面后果，其原因在于多重任务处理会有损记忆和表现，分析了手机产生负面影响的原因；同时根据“One f the mst dangerus examples is phne use while driving. One study fund that merely speaking n the phne, nt texting, was enugh t make drivers slwer t react n the rad. (最危险的例子之一是开车时使用手机。一项研究发现，仅仅是打电话，而不是发短信，就足以让司机在路上反应迟钝。)”以及第三段中“In ne recent study, fr example, researchers asked participants t either put their phnes next t them s they were visible (like n a desk), nearby and ut f sight (like in a bag r pcket), r in anther rm. Participants then cmpleted a series f tasks t test their abilities t prcess and remember infrmatin, their prblem-slving, and their fcus.(例如，在最近的一项研究中，研究人员要求参与者要么把手机放在身边，这样就能看到手机(比如在桌子上)，要么放在附近，但看不见手机(比如在包里或口袋里)，要么放在另一个房间。然后，参与者完成了一系列任务，以测试他们处理和记忆信息的能力、解决问题的能力和注意力。)”可知，文章通过分析手机上瘾的消极影响的原因并进行列举具体事例来展开论述的。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“They were fund t perfrm far better when their phnes were in anther rm instead f nearby—whether visible, pwered n r nt.( 研究发现，当他们的手机放在另一个房间而不是附近时，他们的表现要好得多——无论是否可见，是否通电。)”可知，通过研究我们可以完全把手机与自己隔离开来即放在别的房间可以阻止人们看手机的欲望。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段中引出“人们手机上瘾的现象”；第二段中讨论了手机使用的负面影响，包括影响记忆和表现。文章引用了研究，显示即使是通知的干扰也会导致任务表现不佳。文章第三段中还强调了一项研究发现，参与者在手机在另一个房间时表现更好，即使他们声称没有有意识地想到他们的设备。文章第四段和第五段建议解决这个问题的唯一方法是将设备放在另一个房间里。A选项“Hw d We Avid the Distractin f Phnes?(我们如何避免手机的干扰？)”概括文章主题内容，文章全部的内容是对该问题进行回答即我们可以将设备放在另一个房间里避免手机对我们造成干扰。故选A。
Passage 5
Whales are threatened by a variety f human activities ff the West Cast f the United States, including fishing, ship traffic, and pllutin. They have bad effects n whale ppulatins, but are rarely addressed by current whale-prtectin plicies in Califrnia, accrding t a study frm the University f Califrnia, Davis.
The study, published fr pen access this week in the jurnal Marine Plicy, examines the main causes f death fr nine whale species in the Califrnia Current Ecsystem, which stretches frm British Clumbia, Canada t Baja Califrnia, Mexic. The whales cnsidered in the study include gray, blue, fin, minke, Nrth Pacific right, and killer whales.
“We find that it is peple that deem fishing causes whale death,” said c-leading authr Eliza Oldach. “But a number f human activities have made the mdern cean a really tugh envirnment fr whales t survive. We’re excited abut effrts that lk bradly t rebuild healthy ceans.”
The reprt fund that main cntributrs t whale death are currently, targeted with relevant plicy respnses: nise, water quality and marine (海洋的) rubbish. But three ther threats-nutritinal stress, disease and predatin (捕食) -need t als be cnsidered t prvide a mre whle apprach tward managing whale deaths.
“Gray whales migrate (迁徙) ver 5,000 miles between their breeding grunds at either end f the Califrnia Current,” said c-leading authr Helen Killeen. “Thrughut their jurney, they must pass thrugh a large number f human activities, fighting with changes t their envirnment caused by climate change.”
The study cmes as the Califrnia Ocean Prtectin Cuncil (COPC) aims t develp a plan fr achieving zer death fr whales in the Califrnia Current Ecsystem this year. Achieving such a gal requires understanding the key drivers f whale deaths and pprtunities fr plicy change, the reprt said.
17．Which activity will lead t whales’ death?
A．Ging fishing with yur friends in a river.B．Playing with yur friends beside the sea.
C．Ging sailing with yur family n weekends.D．Thrwing rubbish in the sea as yu are playing.
18．What’s meaning f the underlined wrd “deem” in Paragraph 3?
A．Catch.B．Cmplain.C．Think.D．Describe.
19．What can we learn frm Helen’s wrds?
A．Gray whales are fnd f travelling.B．Gray whales’ migratin is full f danger.
C．Human being is the nly killer f whales.D．Whales’ death is mainly caused by climate.
20．What shuld COPC d prevent whales’ death?
A．Get rid f the present plicy.B．Plant mre trees alng the sea.
C．Knw what actually leads t it.D．Find a right place fr them t live.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鲸鱼受到美国西海岸各种人类活动的威胁，包括捕鱼、船舶交通和污染。根据加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究，它们对鲸鱼种群有不良影响，但加州目前的鲸鱼保护政策很少解决这些问题。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“The reprt fund that main cntributrs t whale death are currently, targeted with relevant plicy respnses: nise, water quality and marine (海洋的) rubbish.(该报告发现，造成鲸鱼死亡的主要原因目前是相关政策应对的目标：噪音、水质和海洋垃圾)”可知，边玩边往海里扔垃圾会导致鲸鱼死亡。故选D。
18．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“it is peple that”以及后文“fishing causes whale death”可知，此处为强调句，强调主语peple，即人们认为捕捞导致了鲸鱼的死亡，故划线词意思是“认为”。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thrughut their jurney, they must pass thrugh a large number f human activities, fighting with changes t their envirnment caused by climate change.(在整个旅程中，它们必须经过大量的人类活动，与气候变化引起的环境变化作斗争)”可知，海伦告诉我们，灰鲸的迁徙充满了危险。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Achieving such a gal requires understanding the key drivers f whale deaths and pprtunities fr plicy change, the reprt said.(报告称，实现这一目标需要了解鲸鱼死亡的主要驱动因素以及政策变化的机会)”可知，COPC应该知道导致鲸鱼死亡的原因来阻止这种情况。故选C。
Passage 6
“It is necessary fr us t g t places that still lk like the cean as it was 500 years ag,” says Enric Sala, frmer prfessr at Scripps Institute f Oceangraphy. Hwever, in mst parts f the wrld, marine cnservatin is stymied by ppsitin frm fishing, il, and mining interests. A mere 7 percent f the wrld’s cean has prtectin—mstly weak rules, and nly 2.5 percent is highly prtected. Outside f these znes, the cean’s stry is a cntinuing failure.
A few remaining parts f the cean are the last wild places f the sea—the marine equivalent f the remtest ld-grwth frest in the Amazn—still unaffected by verfishing, pllutin and climate change. Enric is wrking with the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety and tgether launched the Pristine Seas prject in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up tw-thirds f the wrld’s fully prtected marine areas—cvering mre than tw millin square miles in all.
Nw Sala and his team have set an even mre ambitius gal: t see mre than a third f the wrld’s cean cnserved fr the purpse nt just f sustaining bidiversity but als f replenishing(补充)fish stcks and string carbn.
Pristine Seas wrked with native Palauans(帕劳人)t give an ancient cnservatin traditin a mdern change. Fr centuries, Palauans have used what they all “buls”, a Palauan wrd which means clsure, t preserve and rebuild their reef fish stcks. Over the years they have created 35 reserves t prtect marine life arund their islands, sme f which ban fishing permanently.
Sala and his team calculate that a 14-fld expansin f the fully prtected part f the cean, frm 2.5 percent t 35 percent, wuld prvide 64 percent f the bidiversity benefits while increasing the glbal fish catch by almst 10 millin metric tns. Even that may sund impssible, but the alternative is awful. Fr nw, we still get t chse.
21．What des the underlined wrd “stymied” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Frustrated.B．Supprted.
C．Accelerated.D．Overestimated.
22．What situatin des glbal cean prtectin face?
A．Prtecting the cean influences mining mst.
B．Ocean prtectin has achieved great prgress.
C．Few ceans have been prperly prtected s far.
D．Current rules have been enugh fr cean prtectin.
23．What can we learn abut the Pristine Seas prject?
A．It has prtected tw-thirds f the wrld’s cean.
B．It sets unrealistic gals when prtecting the cean.
C．It asks t prhibit fishing in the 35 created reserves.
D．It has made sme advances in maintaining bidiversity.
24．Where can we prbably read this article?
A．www. newsflash. cm.
B．www. wrldissues. cm.
C．www. sciencefrkds. cm.
D．www. ec-cnservatin. cm.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．D 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个旨在保护世界海洋的项目——原始海洋。
21．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句句首的“hwever”可知，所在句和上一句有转折关系。上一句““It is necessary fr us t g t places that still lk like the cean as it was 500 years ag,” says Enric Sala, frmer prfessr at Scripps Institute f Oceangraphy.(斯克里普斯海洋学研究所前教授Enric Sala说：“我们有必要去那些看起来像500年前海洋的地方。”)”指的是Enric教授认为我们应该去那些看起来像500年前海洋的地方。而所在句下一句“A mere 7 percent f the wrld’s cean has prtectin—mstly weak rules, and nly 2.5 percent is highly prtected.(世界上只有7%的海洋受到保护，而且大多是薄弱的法规，只有2.5%的海洋受到高度保护。)”则告诉我们世界上受到保护的海洋很少。由此可推断，划线单词指的是海洋保护遭到渔业、石油和采矿利益集团的“反对或抵制”。选项A“Frustrated(挫败)”；选项B“Supprted(支持)”；选项C“Accelerated (加速)”；选项D“Overestimated (过高估计)”。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A mere 7 percent f the wrld’s cean has prtectin—mstly weak rules, and nly 2.5 percent is highly prtected. Outside f these znes, the cean’s stry is a cntinuing failure.(世界上只有7%的海洋受到保护，而且大多是薄弱的法规，只有2.5%的海洋受到高度保护。在这些区域之外，海洋的故事是一个持续的失败。)”可知，目前只有很少的海洋得到了保护。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is wrking with the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety and tgether launched the Pristine Seas prject in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up tw-thirds f the wrld’s fully prtected marine areas—cvering mre than tw millin square miles in all.( Enric正与国家地理学会合作，并于2008年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的14年里，“原始海洋”帮助建立了28个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过200万平方英里。)”以及文章第三段“Nw Sala and his team have set an even mre ambitius gal: t see mre than a third f the wrld’s cean cnserved fr the purpse nt just f sustaining bidiversity but als f replenishing(补充)fish stcks and string carbn.(现在，Sala和他的团队制定了一个更加雄心勃勃的目标：保护世界上三分之一以上的海洋，不仅是为了维持生物多样性，也是为了补充鱼类资源和储存碳。)”可知，“原始海洋”在维持生物多样性方面取得了一些进展。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Enric is wrking with the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety and tgether launched the Pristine Seas prject in 2008. Over the past 14 years, Pristine Seas has helped create 28 marine reserves, making up tw-thirds f the wrld’s fully prtected marine areas—cvering mre than tw millin square miles in all.( Enric正与国家地理学会合作，并于2008年共同启动了“原始海洋”项目。在过去的14年里，“原始海洋”帮助建立了28个海洋保护区，占世界完全受保护海洋区域的三分之二，总面积超过200万平方英里。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍的是关于保护海洋，维持生物多样性等生态保护方面的内容，所以读者可以在与生态保护有关的www. ec-cnservatin. cm.网站读到本文。故选D。
Passage 7
I have always lved the Arthurian legend (传奇), as there is smething quite special abut King Arthur, and f curse Merlin, my favurite character frm the stries.
Death f an Empire is the secnd vlume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life frm birth. Merlin travels acrss the Rman Empire in search f his father, a vyage f discvery t understand just wh he was. Eventually Merlin gets invlved in the fight against the Hun’s invasin (入侵) f Eurpe at the Battle f the Catalaunian Plain.
Serving under the General Flavius Aetius, Merlin builds a reputatin by saving the lives f thusands f sldiers. When he finally reaches Rme, he saves many mre. But a far deadlier cnflict between Emperr Valentinian and Senatr Petrnius Maximus is arund the crner and Merlin must use all his strength t carry ut his wrk.
If I had t chse just ne wrd t describe this nvel, there wuld be n ther chice than “immersive (身临其境的)”. There has clearly been a serius amunt f research carried ut by the authr. Cmbined with the descriptive prse and imaginative stry, the bk really des attract yu frm almst the very start. The stry really des feel like yu are a part f it as Merlin travels acrss the Rman Empire.
The authr des a great jb f mixing the rich histry with established Arthurian legend. The battle scene is handled very effectively. The authr emplys a very effective frm t shw the main fight and this nt nly adds a degree f tensin and a gd level f excitement but almst makes yu feel like yu are right there hearing abut what happened.
Death f an Empire is a very fine nvel, a wnderfully rich tale and a rewarding stry.
25．Why des Merlin travel acrss the Rman Empire?
A．T visit King Arthur.B．T enjy a nice view.
C．T get a well-paid jb.D．T find ut his rigin.
26．What can we learn abut the nvel?
A．It is a mixture f histry and legend.
B．It features difficult language.
C．It speaks highly f an emperr.
D．It is a masterpiece f Merlin.
27．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．An effective descriptin.B．A lng-running battle.
C．A wnderful feeling.D．A well-knwn legend.
28．What is the text?
A．A news reprt.B．A histry stry.
C．A bk review.D．A science fictin.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了MK Hume的作品Death f an Empire并对其作了简评。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Merlin travels acrss the Rman Empire in search f his father, a vyage f discvery t understand just wh he was.”（Merlin穿越罗马帝国寻找他的父亲，这是一次发现之旅，目的是了解他到底是谁。）可知，Merlin游历罗马帝国是为了弄清自己的身世。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The authr des a great jb f mixing the rich histry with established Arthurian legend.”（作者在将丰富的历史与既定的亚瑟王传说相结合方面做得很好。）可知，这部小说融合了历史与传说。故选A项。
27．词义猜测题。根据画线词前“The battle scene is handled very effectively. The authr emplys a very effective frm t shw the main fight.…”（战斗场景处理得非常有效。作者采用了一种非常有效的形式来呈现主要战斗……）由此可知，此处this指的是有效的描述。故选A项。
28．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Death f an Empire is the secnd vlume in MK Hume’s “Merlin” series which details Merlin’s life frm birth.”（《帝国之死》是“Merlin”系列的第二卷，详细介绍了Merlin从出生开始的生活。）、第四段中“If I had t chse just ne wrd t describe this nvel, there wuld be n ther chice than “immersive (身临其境的)”.”（如果让我选择一个词来形容这部小说，那只能是“身临其境”。）以及最后一段“Death f an Empire is a very fine nvel, a wnderfully rich tale and a rewarding stry.”（《帝国之死》是一部非常优秀的小说，一个非常丰富的故事，一个值得一读的故事。）可推断，本文为一篇书评类。故选C项。
Passage 8
Humans are pretty unique amng life n Earth. As far as we knw, we’re the nly living species t evlve the higher intelligence, wear clthes, ck ur fd, and even invent smartphnes. But what if humans suddenly went extinct? What ther animals might evlve t have the smarts and skills t create large. cmplex scieties as we have?
With mdern genetic technlgy and ur understanding f evlutin, “we’re pretty gd at making shrt-term predictins. “Martha Reiskind, an eclgist, tld Live Science. Fr example, we can predict that if humans were t disappear tmrrw, climate change wuld cntinue t drive many species t adapt t drught. And species living in cld areas wuld cntinue t struggle t live as well.
“A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek (光滑的) bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.
One feature that makes humans uniquely gd at building is ur skillful hands. In rder t fill the same rle as humans—that is, building cities and heavily mdifying ur envirnment—anther species wuld need t develp a similar ability t cntrl bjects. Other primates (灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild. It’s pssible that if humans disappeared, they might replace us.
But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds. Birds are very brainy. Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. And trained African grey parrts can learn upwards f 100 wrds and d simple math, including understanding the cncept f zer. Birds can als gather in large grups, and sme even build grup nesting sites.
Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.
29．Why des the authr mentin fish and dlphins in Para. 3?
A．T shw hw dlphins evlved
B．T explain what cnvergence is.
C．T shw the advantage f the fish shape
D．T explain the feature f animals living in water.
30．What d chimpanzees and sme birds have in cmmn?
A．The ability t make tlsB．The habit f grup living
C．The ability t d simple mathD．The clse relatinship with humans
31．Which animals might replace humans if a wrst disaster happened?
A．Sea animals.B．Chimpanzees
C．Birds.D．Dgs.
32．Which f the fllwing best describes the future f ther species filling the same rle as humans?
A．Hpeless.B．Challenging.
C．Prmising.D．Uncertain.
【答案】29．B 30．A 31．C 32．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章提出如果人类突然消失了，什么动物进化出智慧创造像我们一样庞大、复杂的社会这个问题，基于基因技术和对进化的理解，科学家们做出了短期预测。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘A big thing will be the cncept f cnvergence.” Dugal Dixn, a gelgist, tld Live Science Cnvergence is an evlutinary prcess by which tw unrelated creatures develp similar features in rder t succeed in a particular envirnment. Fr example, with their sleek(光滑的)bdies and fins, fish are suitable fr living in water. Hwever, dlphins have evlved a very similar bdy plan—and unlike fish, they are warm-blded, air-breathing animals with a ttally different evlutinary backgrund.（“融合的概念将是一件大事。”地质学家杜格尔·迪克森告诉《生活科学》杂志，趋同是一种进化过程，两种不相关的生物发展出相似的特征，以便在特定的环境中取得成功。例如，鱼有光滑的身体和鳍，适合生活在水中。然而，海豚进化出了非常相似的身体结构——与鱼类不同的是，它们是温血动物，呼吸空气，有着完全不同的进化背景。）”可知，作者先介绍了 cnvergcnce 这一概念，即两种不相关的生物进化出相似的特征以求在某种特定环境中生存。然后，作者以海豚进化出鱼类的身形为例来说明这一概念。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“Other primates(灵长目动物), like chimpanzees. ur clsest living relatives, already can make tls in the wild.（其他灵长类动物，如黑猩猩。我们现存的近亲，已经可以在野外制造工具了。）”和第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.Birds are very brainy.Sme birds can use their feet t frm wire int hks. （但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。鸟很聪明，有些鸟能用脚把铁丝做成钩子。）”可知，黑猩猩可以在野外制造工具，鸟类也可以，比如有的鸟类能够用爪子将金属丝弯成钩子。因此，两者的共同点是都能制造工具。故选A。
31． 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“But any disaster terrible enugh t destry humans is als likely t destry chimpanzees, which leaves anther tl-using candidate t fill humans place: birds.（但是，任何足以毁灭人类的灾难也可能毁灭黑猩猩，这就留下了另一种工具来填补人类的位置：鸟类。）”可知，当特大灾难致使人类和黑猩猩都灭绝后，能够使用工具的鸟类有可能代替人类的位置。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of curse, all f these are predictins. Scientists have said it’s almst impssible t truly predict hw evlutin will unfld. As we g further and further ut, the predictin is less accurate. And it’s even mre difficult t predict whether anther species will develp human-level intelligence, Sme think that it culd happen. Others, hwever, are less ptimistic because they dn’t think nature will make mistakes twice.（当然，所有这些都是预测。科学家们表示，要真正预测进化将如何展开几乎是不可能的。随着我们越走越远，预测就越不准确。更难预测的是另一个物种是否会发展出人类水平的智力，有些人认为这是可能发生的。然而，其他人则不那么乐观，因为他们认为大自然不会犯两次错误。）”可知，未来的其他物种能否扮演与人类相同的角色？有的人认为这是可能的，而有的人则对此持消极态度。因此，智能生物的未来是不确定的。故选D。
Passage 9
Bking yur next vacatin t space with ut-f-this-wrld views culd sn be a reality. Orbital Assembly Crpratin annunced tw new statin cncepts designed with space turism accmmdatins. One f the statins, called Pineer, culd rbit Earth as early as 2025.
The Gateway Fundatin circulated ideas fr a space htel in 2019. The gal f the statins is t run a space business park that can serve as a hme away frm hme with rm fr ffices and turists. Orbital Assembly was funded by the Gateway Fundatin team as a way t help make these dreams cme true.
The prpsed Pineer statin can accmmdate 28 peple. The secnd statin, Vyager, scheduled t pen in 2027, can hld up t 400 peple. “The gal has always been t make it pssible fr large numbers f peple t live, wrk and thrive in space,“ says Orbital Assembly’s COO Tim Alatrre.
Bth statins lk like a wheel and will feature artificial gravity that allws guests t mve cmfrtably n each statin. Pineer features five mdules built arund the rtating “Gravity Ring” architecture design. Turists may still feel sme weightlessness but will als be able t drink ut f a cup and wn’t have t be tied t a bed t sleep. The gravity wrks similar t hw a spinning bucket pushes the water ut t the sides f the bucket and stays in place, Alatrre explains. Near the middle f the statin, there will be n artificial gravity, but gravity gradually increases further away frm the center.
While the Pineer statin will be smaller than Vyager, guests can still shwer, eat and drink sitting dwn in areas with gravity. Each statin is furnished like luxury htels n Earth. Vyager will feature a restaurant and suites with views f Earth.
A significant barrier t space travel is the cst. Hwever, Orbital Assembly expects turists t seek a trek int space as space travel eventually becmes less expensive. “We envisin ur Pineer and Vyager space statins as the ultimate ecturism destinatins. Once peple get t space, it will change their perspective abut Earth,” Alatrre says. “Space travel is still at its early stage, and we’re excited t d ur part t push it frward t help imprve life n Earth.”
33．What is the gal f the Pineer and Vyager space statins?
A．T revlutinize space travel.
B．T serve as luxury htels in space.
C．T ffer a unique and immersive experience.
D．T enable large scale living and wrking in space.
34．What d the Pineer and Vyager statins have in cmmn?
A．Open time.B．Artificial gravity.
C．Suites with views.D．Passenger capacity.
35．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．The “Gravity Ring” rtates arund the statin.
B．The gravity is weak in the central pint f the statin.
C．The “Gravity Ring” n Pineer is identical with that n Vyager.
D．The gravity perates like a spinning bucket keeping water inside.
36．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Overcming the Barrier: Space Turism Becmes Affrdable
B．Space Htels n the Hrizn: Pineer and Vyager Statins
C．The Future f Space Travel: Pineer and Vyager Statins
D．Orbital Assembly: Space Turism Dream Cmes True
【答案】33．D 34．B 35．D 36．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了先锋号和旅行者号两个空间站的建设和运行情况。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“The gal f the statins is t run a space business park that can serve as a hme away frm hme with rm fr ffices and turists. Orbital Assembly was funded by the Gateway Fundatin team as a way t help make these dreams cme true.(这些空间站的目标是运营一个太空商业园区，可以作为一个家外之家，为办公室和游客提供空间。轨道组装公司由盖特韦基金会团队成立，旨在帮助实现这些梦想)”可知，先锋号和旅行者号空间站的目标是使在太空大规模生活和工作成为可能。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段“Bth statins lk like a wheel and will feature artificial gravity that allws guests t mve cmfrtably n each statin.(两个空间站看起来都像一个轮子，并将采用人工重力，让乘客在每个车站舒适地移动)”可知，先驱者号和旅行者号空间站的共同之处在于都采用了人工重力。故选B。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“The gravity wrks similar t hw a spinning bucket pushes the water ut t the sides f the bucket and stays in place, Alatrre explains.(阿拉托雷解释说，重力的作用类似于旋转的水桶将水推到桶的两侧并保持在原地)”可知，重力就像一个旋转的桶，把水锁在里面。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Bking yur next vacatin t space with ut-f-this-wrld views culd sn be a reality. Orbital Assembly Crpratin annunced tw new statin cncepts designed with space turism accmmdatins. One f the statins, called Pineer, culd rbit Earth as early as 2025.(用地球之外的美景预订下一次太空旅行可能很快就会成为现实。轨道装配公司宣布了两个设计有太空旅游设施的新空间站概念。其中一个名为“先锋”的空间站最早将于2025年绕地球运行)”以及第三段“The secnd statin, Vyager, scheduled t pen in 2027, can hld up t 400 peple.(第二个空间站“旅行者号”计划于2027年开放，最多可容纳400人)”结合文章主要介绍了先锋号和旅行者号两个空间站的建设和运行情况。可知，B选项“地平线上的太空旅馆：先锋和旅行者空间站”最符合文章标题。故选B。
Passage 10
Humans are very gd at prcessing language. We jin varius wrds tgether in a sentence. At the end f the cmprehensin prcess, the whle sentence is much mre meaningful than the sum f its parts.
Sme researchers argued that when prvided with a certain reward, children learn hw t speak. Rather than smething suitable t eat, the attentin and praise frm parents culd be perfect fr encuraging their remarkable language prcessing skills.
Other researchers refused t accept the idea that language is acquired thrugh training. They are sure the ability t prcess language cmes naturally. Almst any child, anywhere in the wrld, can manage t learn t understand and speak a language successfully. The big questin is hw language is acquired s naturally.
The language-learning child already has a “language mind”, having a natural tendency t use the knwledge and abilities brn with fr understanding and speaking a language. Children can acquire a language s rapidly and effrtlessly.
The enthusiasm abut the inventin f cmputers cnvinced sme researchers that the human brain must be like a cmputer. It is able t deal with large amunts f data very quickly. Language must be based firmly n sme useful infrmatin t be meaningful. Take the wrd “dg” fr example, the meaning fr the wrd cmes frm the fact that in ur mind, we can “see” the fur-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dg smell, and picture what it feels like t tuch it gently. That is hw language attains meaning.
But when cnsidering explanatins f hw humans are s gd at prcessing language, we ften tend t leave ne imprtant aspect ut—the surce, language itself. The language system prvides us with all the clues t extract(提取)meaning frm thse seemingly meaningless symbls. Althugh language users have a large amunt f flexibility, they use wrds in the rder grammatically right. If we use adjectives, like “sad” and “happy”, we culd use them in a sentence like “sad sngs can hardly make yu happy”. It is ne f many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save ur effrts t extract meaning.
37．Hw many pinins are mentined abut learning language in the text?
A．One.B．Tw.C．Three.D．Fur.
38．Hw des the authr develp the text?
A．By shwing data.
B．By presenting the facts.
C．By stating different viewpints.
D．By describing the prcess f experiments.
39．Why is the wrd “dg” mentined in paragraph 5?
A．T shw human brain is very cmplicated.
B．T prve language is learned thrugh surces.
C．T indicate the wrd “dg” is s impressive in ur mind.
D．T present wrds can be meaningful with specific infrmatin.
40．What else help humans prcess language quickly in the authr’s pinin?
A．The language system.B．Flexible languages.
C．Meaningful symbls.D．Abundant human imaginatin.
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．D 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类非常擅长处理语言，文章从不同方面对此进行了分析和解释。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Sme researchers argued that when prvided with a certain reward, children learn hw t speak.(一些研究人员认为，当提供一定的奖励时，孩子们学会了如何说话。)”和第三段“ They are sure the ability t prcess language cmes naturally.(他们确信处理语言的能力是天生的。)”和第五段“Language must be based firmly n sme useful infrmatin t be meaningful.(语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义。)”和最后一段“The language system prvides us with all the clues t extract(提取)meaning frm thse seemingly meaningless symbls.(语言系统为我们提供了从那些看似毫无意义的符号中提取意义的所有线索。)”可知，文章中提到了4种关于学习语言的观点。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。根据第1题的分析可知，文章提到了4种关于语言学习的观点，所以作者是通过陈述不同的观点来展开文章的。故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Language must be based firmly n sme useful infrmatin t be meaningful. Take the wrd “dg” fr example, the meaning fr the wrd cmes frm the fact that in ur mind, we can “see” the fur-legged animal, mentally hear its barking, imagine its particular dg smell, and picture what it feels like t tuch it gently.(语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义。以“狗”这个词为例，这个词的含义来自于这样一个事实：在我们的脑海中，我们可以“看到”这种四条腿的动物，在脑海中听到它的叫声，想象它特有的狗味，并描绘出轻轻地触摸它的感觉。)”可知，作者通过以“狗”这个词为例来说明语言必须牢固地建立在有用信息的基础上，才能有意义，所以作者在第五段提到“狗”这个词是为了说明用特定的信息来呈现词语是有意义的。故选D项。
40．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is ne f many examples suggesting that the language system is helping us save ur effrts t extract meaning.(这是许多例子之一，表明语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力。)”可知，语言系统正在帮助我们节省提取意义的努力，即语言系统帮助人类更快地处理语言。故选A项。
提升版
Passage 11
Next time yu’re having truble slving a tricky puzzle, cnsider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that bumblebees can learn certain behavirs frm each ther, suggesting these scial insects have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”
In the past cuple f decades, a grwing bdy f evidence has shwn that animals like chimps and birds shw behavirs f learning. If what they learn lasts fr a lng time, it turns int a traditin. And culture is made up f multiple traditins. “Bumblebees, thugh, have sme f the mst cmplex behaviral abilities, nbdy’s really thught t lk at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behaviral eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
T prve them wrng, Bridges built a puzzle bx, whse base held the reward: a drp f super sweet sugar water. The bx was designed with a rtating (旋转) tp that can be rtated by pushing either n a red tab clckwise r a blue tab anti-clckwise. Sme bees were trained t push the red tab t get the sugar water while thers pushed the blue ne. Then, these tutr bees were placed inside different clnies (蜂群), alng with the puzzle bxes.
The experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had riginally learned t push the red tab, the ther bees in the clny usually pushed the red tab. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue tab, their fellw bees als tended t d the same. In cntrast, in the cntrl grups withut tutrs, the bees smetimes learned hw t pen the bxes, but mst f them wuld d it nce r twice and then never again. “They perhaps hadn’t quite made the link between their behavir and the reward,” Bridges suppses.
“Many f us cnsider urselves t be rather special…because we have culture, we can learn and we’re scial,” Bridges says. “But nw it turns ut that even the bee als has culture, which is an uncmfrtable truth: human culture, nce thught unique, des nt emerge ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary fundatins.
41．What is peple’s cmmn attitude t bumblebees having culture?
A．Psitive.B．Indifferent.C．Interested.D．Dubtful.
42．Why des Bridges place trained bees inside different clnies?
A．T test their learning capability in new settings.
B．T see if they will spread the secret f the bxes.
C．T evaluate their ruling pwer in varius grups.
D．T bserve if they will share their fd with peers.
43．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning the study?
A．Its appeal t the public.B．Implicatins n cultural rigins.
C．Its practical applicatin.D．Suggestins fr future directins.
44．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Human Culture Is Lsing Its Uniqueness
B．Bee’s Behavir Builds n Bilgical Factrs
C．Culture May Be Present Amng Bumblebees
D．Animals’ Evlutin May Start Frm Clnies
【答案】41．D 42．B 43．B 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段““Bumblebees, thugh, have sme f the mst cmplex behaviral abilities, nbdy’s really thught t lk at culture in such insects and generally assume they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs instead,” says Alice Bridges, a behaviral eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University in England. (英国Anglia Ruskin大学的行为生态学家Alice Bridges说：“尽管大黄蜂有一些最复杂的行为能力，但没有人真正考虑过这种昆虫的文化，通常认为它们主要是由先天因素驱动的。”)”可知，人们通常认为大黄蜂的文化是由先天因素驱动的，对大黄蜂具有文化持有怀疑的态度。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据第五段“The experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had riginally learned t push the red tab, the ther bees in the clny usually pushed the red tab. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue tab, their fellw bees als tended t d the same. (实验最终成功了。在辅导蜂最初学会按下红色标签的蜂群中，蜂群中的其他蜜蜂通常会按下红色标签。在辅导蜂被训练按下蓝色标签的蜂群，它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”可推知，布里奇斯把经过训练的蜜蜂放在不同的蜂群里，是为了观察蜜蜂是否会传播盒子里的秘密，将自己的行为传播给同伴。故选B。
43．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But nw it turns ut that even the bee als has culture, which is an uncmfrtable truth: human culture, nce thught unique, des nt emerge ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary fundatins. (但现在事实证明，即使是蜜蜂也有文化，这是一个令人不安的事实：人类文化，曾经被认为是独一无二的，并不是‘突然’出现的，而是显然建立在深厚的进化基础上的)”可知，本段主要介绍了曾经被认为是独一无二的文化并不是突然出现，而是逐渐进化而来的，本段主要谈论了这项研究对于文化起源的影响。故选B。
44．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that bumblebees can learn certain behavirs frm each ther, suggesting these scial insects have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.” (PLOS Bilgy杂志上的一项新研究发现，大黄蜂可以相互学习某些行为，这表明这些群居昆虫具有我们人类所说的“文化”的能力)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现大黄蜂具有人类所说的文化的能力，所以“文化可能存在于大黄蜂中”可以作为文章标题。故选C。
Passage 12
Map reading, grwing fruit and vegetable and basic car service are als mre cmmn skills amng the baby bmer generatin. But accrding t a new survey, just ne in three 18- t 25-year-lds are able t d basic DIY, cmpared t tw-thirds f thse aged 58 and ver.
Sarah Clarke-Kuehn, Chief Operating Officer-Cmmercial, said, “The survey findings are s interesting as they highlight a very cmmn incrrect cnceptin related t ‘getting ld’.”
When asked at what age they thught develping new skills becmes “difficult”, Gen Z respndents said they were 35 years ld, while thse aged ver 58 believed this number was 63 years ld. The belief is that there is a bundary between learning new skills and getting a sense f achievement. But we knw that this is just nt the case. The benefits in cntinuing t enjy life, as well as develping new talents are very significant—bth physically and mentally as we grw lder.
Neurscientist and authr, Dr Julia Jnes, said, “We underestimate ur brain’s ability t cntinue learning. Our brain is the mst cmplex and precise structure in the knwn universe but we nly use a small part f its true ptential thrughut ur lifetimes. T bst cntinued brain health, we shuld learn cmplex and nvel skills at all ages. This becmes mre imprtant as we age, because these learning experiences help t build new cnnectins between neurns (神经细胞) that maintain intelligence and reduce the risk f future brain decline.”
“Learning languages and musical instruments are believed t be effective at bsting neurplasticity (神经可塑性) due t their cmplex nature, but all learning is beneficial and can bring a sense f achievement, purpse and scial engagement.”
Dr Jnes added. “Find a new hbby and thrw yurself int a wnderful learning experience r pick up an ld pastime and imprve thse skills. I’m currently learning t play the guitar and it’s pened up a whle new wrld f music and fun.”
45．What is mentined abut the yung generatin in the text?
A．They lse interest in DIY.
B．They have n idea in plants.
C．Many f them lack sme basic skills.
D．Many f them wn pr reading skills.
46．What des the authr imply in paragraph 3?
A．Learning brings a sense f belnging.
B．It is never t late t learn in ne’s life.
C．It is necessary t shw ff ne’s talents.
D．The benefits f lifelng learning are temprary.
47．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The significance f knwing the structure f the brain.
B．The difficulties in imprving the ability f the brain.
C．The reasns fr taking full advantage f the brain.
D．The prcess f prtecting the brain frm risk.
48．What is Dr Jnes’ attitude t learning musical instruments?
A．Favrable.B．Negative.C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
【答案】45．C 46．B 47．C 48．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要随着年龄的增长，继续享受生活以及发展新的才能的好处是非常重要的——无论是身体上还是精神上。
45．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Map reading, grwing fruit and vegetable and basic car service are als mre cmmn skills amng the baby bmer generatin. But accrding t a new survey, just ne in three 18- t 25-year-lds are able t d basic DIY, cmpared t tw-thirds f thse aged 58 and ver.(阅读地图、种植水果和蔬菜以及基本的汽车服务也是婴儿潮一代更常见的技能。但根据一项新的调查，只有三分之一的18至25岁的人能够做基本的DIY，而58岁及以上的人中这一比例为三分之二。)”可知，年轻一代人很多人不会阅读地图、种植水果和蔬菜以及基本的汽车服务这些基本技能。故选C。
46．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“When asked at what age they thught develping new skills becmes “difficult”, Gen Z respndents said they were 35 years ld, while thse aged ver 58 believed this number was 63 years ld. (当被问及他们认为在什么年龄发展新技能变得“困难”时，Z世代受访者表示他们35岁，而58岁以上的人则认为这个数字是63岁。)”以及“The benefits in cntinuing t enjy life, as well as develping new talents are very significant—bth physically and mentally as we grw lder.(随着年龄的增长，继续享受生活以及培养新才能的好处在身体和精神上都非常重要。)”可知，人们认为人的一生学习永远不会太迟，总要培养新才能。故选B。
47．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Neurscientist and authr, Dr Julia Jnes, said, “We underestimate ur brain’s ability t cntinue learning. Our brain is the mst cmplex and precise structure in the knwn universe but we nly use a small part f its true ptential thrughut ur lifetimes. T bst cntinued brain health, we shuld learn cmplex and nvel skills at all ages. This becmes mre imprtant as we age, because these learning experiences help t build new cnnectins between neurns (神经细胞) that maintain intelligence and reduce the risk f future brain decline.”(神经科学家兼作家Julia Jnes博士说：“我们低估了我们大脑继续学习的能力。我们的大脑是已知宇宙中最复杂、最精确的结构，但我们一生只使用了它真正潜力的一小部分。为了促进大脑的持续健康，我们应该在各个年龄段学习复杂而新颖的技能。随着年龄的增长，这一点变得越来越重要，因为这些学习经验有助于建立新的认知能力。”神经元之间的相互作用，维持智力并降低未来大脑衰退的风险。”)”可知，充分利用大脑有很多好处，这一段对此利用大脑的原因进行了解释。故选C。
48．推理判断题。由文章第最后一段中“I’m currently learning t play the guitar and it’s pened up a whle new wrld f music and fun.”(我目前正在学习弹吉他，这打开了一个全新的音乐和乐趣世界。”)”可知，琼斯博士认为学习乐器很有好处，可见，琼斯博士对此是赞许的。故选A。
Passage 13
New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy’s bilgical (circadian) clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease. The study is the first t analyse circadian bld pressure rhythms(节奏)in female mice.
The bdy’s circadian clck-the bilgical clck that rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid—cntributes t nrmal variatins in bld pressure and heart functin ver the curse f the day. In mst healthy humans, bld pressure dips(下降)at night. Peple wh d nt experience this temprary drp, called “nn-dippers”, are mre likely t develp heart disease. The circadian clck is made up f fur main prteins (encded by “clck genes”) that regulate clse t half f all genes in the bdy, including thse imprtant fr bld pressure regulatin.
Previus research has shwn that male mice that are missing ne f the fur clck genes (PER1) becme nn-dippers and have a higher risk fr heart and kidney disease. A research team studied the circadian respnse and bld pressure f female mice that lack PERI and cmpared them with a healthy female cntrl grup. On bth lw-and high-salt diets, bth grups “kept an apparent circadian rhythm” f bld pressure, the researchers explained. Unlike the male mice in previus research, the females withut PERI shwed nrmal dips in bld pressure vernight.
These results suggest that the lack f PER1 acts differently in males and females. The findings are cnsistent with research shwing that wmen are less likely t be nn-dippers than men f the same age. “This study represents an imprtant step in understanding sex differences in the regulatin f cardivascular(心血管的)functin by the circadian clck,” the researchers wrte.
49．What des the new research find?
A．Bilgical clck may prtect males frm heart disease.
B．Bilgical bld pressure rhythms in female mice act nrmally.
C．Bilgical clck rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid.
D．A gene cntrlling bilgical clck wrks differently between sexes.
50．What rle can circadian clck play accrding t the text?
A．Helping males cure heart disease.
B．Helping bld pressure vary nrmally.
C．Cntributing t abnrmal variatins in bld pressure.
D．Making up fur main prteins regulating almst half f all genes.
51．The lack f PRRI ______
A．has the same impact n males and females
B．makes n difference t males
C．des harm t male’s health
D．is mre likely t affect female’s health
52．What wuld be a suitable title fr the text?
A．One clck gene is imprtant
B．Wmen may benefit frm bdy clck
C．New study analyses bld pressure rhythms
D．Bld pressure f healthy humans dips at night
【答案】49．D 50．B 51．C 52．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了控制人体生物钟的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物钟。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy’s bilgical (circadian) clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究发现，控制生物钟的基因对于男性和女性的作用是不同的。故选D项。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“The bdy’s circadian clck-the bilgical clck that rganizes bdily activities ver a 24-hur perid-cntributes t nrmal variatins in bld pressure and heart functin ver the curse f the day.（人体昼夜节律的在24小时内组织身体活动的生物钟有助于一天中血压和心脏功能的正常变化。）”可知，生物钟有助于血压和心脏功能正常变化。故选B项。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段“Previus research has shwn that male mice that are missing ne f the fur clck genes (PER1) becme nn-dippers and have a higher risk fr heart and kidney disease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四种生物钟基因(PER1)中的一种的雄性老鼠变得不喜欢游泳，患心脏和肾脏疾病的风险更高。）”以及“Unlike the male mice in previus research, the females withut PER1 shwed nrmal dips in bld pressure vernight.（与先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，没有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之间血压正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI对男性健康有害。故选C项。
52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“New research suggests that a gene that gverns the bdy’s bilgical （circadian）clck acts differently in males versus females and may prtect females frm heart disease.（新的研究表明，控制人体生物钟（昼夜节律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害。）”可知，生物钟可能保护女性免受心脏病的侵害，以及最后一段“The findings are cnsistent with research shwing that wmen are less likely t be nn-dippers than men f the same age.（研究表明，女性比同龄男性更不可能成为非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物钟的影响，心脏和肾脏疾病风险可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物钟”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。
Passage 14
If humans were truly at hme under the light f the mn and stars, we wuld g in darkness happily, the midnight wrld as visible t us as it is t the vast number f ncturnal (夜间活动的) species n this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn’t think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the nly way t explain what we’ve dne t the night: We’ve engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits f this kind f engineering cme with cnsequences — called light pllutin — whse effects scientists are nly nw beginning t study. Light pllutin is largely the result f bad lighting design, which allws artificial light t shine utward and upward int the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes ut the darkness f night and cmpletely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — t which many frms f life, including, urselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills int the natural wrld, sme aspect r life is affected.
In mst cities the sky lks as thugh it has been emptied f stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrrs ur fear f the dark. We’ve grwn s used t this range haze that the riginal glry f an unlit night — dark enugh fr the planet Venus t thrw shadw n Earth — is whlly beynd ur experience, beynd memry almst.
We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unccupied cuntry, when nthing culd be further frm the truth. Amng mammals alne, the number f ncturnal species is astnishing. Light is a pwerful bilgical frce, and n many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is s pwerful that scientists speak f sngbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights n land r by the light frm gas flares n marine il platfrms. Migrating at night, birds tend t cllide with brightly lit tall buildings.
Frgs living near brightly lit highways suffer ncturnal light levels that are as much as a millin times brighter than nrmal, thrwing nearly every aspect f their behavir ut f jint, including their nighttime breeding chruses. Humans are less trapped by light pllutin than the frgs. Like mst ther creatures, we d need darkness. Darkness is as essential t ur bilgical welfare, t ur internal clckwrk, as light itself.
Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night. In a very real sense light pllutin causes us t lse sight f ur true place in the universe, t frget the scale f ur being, which is best measured against the dimensins f a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge f ur galaxy — arching verhead.
53．Accrding t the passage, human beings__________.
A．prefer t live in the darkness
B．are used t living in the day light
C．were curius abut the midnight wrld
D．had t stay at hme with the light f the mn
54．What des “it” (Paragraph 1) mst prbably refer t?
A．The night.B．The mn.C．The sky.D．The planet.
55．The writer mentins birds and frgs t __________.
A．prvide examples f animal prtectin
B．shw hw light pllutin affects animals
C．cmpare the living habits f bth species
D．explain why the number f certain species has declined
56．It is implied in the last paragraph that _________.
A．light pllutin dse harm t the eyesight f animals
B．light pllutin has destryed sme f the wrld heritages
C．human beings cannt g t the uter space
D．human beings shuld reflect n their psitin in the universe
57．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Magic LightB．The Orange Haze
C．The Disappearing NightD．The Rhythms f Nature
【答案】53．B 54．A 55．B 56．D 57．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类热衷于用人造光源将夜空照亮，而由此引发的光污染对于动物和人类造成严重影响，作者呼吁我们反思自己的行为。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted t living in the sun's light. (而相反，我们人类属于昼间活动的动物，眼睛适应了太阳的光线)”可知，人类习惯生活在白昼时阳光照射下的环境。故选B项。
54．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This is a basic evlutinary fact, even thugh mst f us dn’t think f urselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the nly way t explain what we’ve dne t the night: (这是一个基本的进化事实，尽管我们大多数人并不认为自己是白天活动的生物。然而，这是解释我们对夜晚所做的一切的唯一方式)”可推知，人类是白天活动的生物，所以我们设计了光，让光充满夜空，所以it指代前文中的night。故选A。
55．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Light is a pwerful bilgical frce, and n many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is s pwerful that scientists speak f sngbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights n land r by the light frm gas flares n marine il platfrms.Migrating at night, birds tend t cllide with brightly lit tall buildings.(光是一种强大的生物力量，对许多物种来说，它就像磁铁一样。这种影响是如此强大，以至于科学家们说，陆地上的探照灯或海洋石油平台上的天然气火炬发出的光会“捕捉”到鸣禽和海鸟。鸟类在夜间迁徙时，往往会与灯火通明的高层建筑发生碰撞)”以及第五段中的“Frgs living near brightly lit highways suffer ncturnal light levels that are as much as a millin times brighter than nrmal, thrwing nearly every aspect f their behavir ut f jint, including their nighttime breeding chruses.(生活在灯火通明的高速公路附近的青蛙，夜间的光照水平是平时的100万倍，这几乎使它们的每一个行为都不正常，包括夜间繁殖的合唱)”可推知，作者提到鸟类和青蛙来说明光污染是如何影响动物的。故选B。
56．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night. In a very real sense light pllutin causes us t lse sight f ur true place in the universe, t frget the scale f ur being,(生活在我们自己制造的耀眼光芒中，我们切断了自己与进化和文化遗产的联系——星星的光芒和昼夜的节奏。从一个非常真实的意义上讲，光污染使我们看不到我们在宇宙中的真正位置，忘记了我们存在的规模)”可知，作者认为光污染使得人类迷失了自我，这背离了人类在苍茫宇宙的存在意义。由此推知，人类应当对此进行深刻的检讨和反思。故选D项。
57．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“We’ve engineered it t receive us by filling it with light.(我们设法将夜空用人造光源照亮)”和第二段“Wherever human light spills int the natural wrld, sme aspect f life is affected.(无论人造光源投射到哪里，自然界某些生物的生活都会受到一些影响)”和最后一段“Living in a glare f ur wn making, we have cut urselves ff frm ur evlutinary and cultural heritage — the light f the stars and the rhythms f day and night.(生活在一个刺眼的世界，我们已经远离了进化和文化遗产：遥远的星光和昼夜交替闪耀的光)”可知，本文主要介绍人类用耀眼的人造光源将夜空点亮，给自然环境中的动物和人类自身带来了诸多的问题，呼吁人们顺应天道，按照自然规律，还原一个“黑暗沉静”的夜晚。由此可知，“正在消失的夜空”可以作为本文标题。故选C项。
Passage 15
Is Yur Diet Destrying the Envirnment?
A vegetarian diet is ften praised fr its health benefits. Studies have shwn that vegetarians usually have lwer levels f heart disease and a lwer risk f diabetes than peple wh eat meat. What mst peple are less aware f, hwever, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have n the envirnment.
Researchers frm the Unin f Cncerned Scientists in the US recently studied hw cnsumer behavir affects the envirnment. The study shwed that meat cnsumptin is ne f the main ways that humans can damage the envirnment, secnd nly t the use f mtr vehicle.
Then,hw can eating meat have a negative effect n the envirnment? Fr a start, all farm animals such as cws, pigs, and sheep give ff methane(沼气)gas by expelling(排出)wind frm their bdies. One cw can prduce up t 60 liters f methane each day. Methane gas is the secnd mst cmmn greenhuse gas after carbn dixide. Many envirnmental experts nw believe that it is mre respnsible fr glbal warming than carbn dixide. It is estimated that 25% f all methane released int the atmsphere cmes frm farm animals.
Anther way that meat prductin affects the envirnment is thrugh the use f water and land. 2,500 gallns f water are needed t prduce ne pund f beef, whereas 20 gallns f water are needed t prduce ne pund f wheat. One acre f farmland used fr crp prductin can prduce 40,000 punds f ptates, 30,000 punds f carrts, r 50,000 punds f tmates.
Many peple nw see the benefits f switching t a vegetarian diet, nt just fr health reasns, but als because it plays a vital rle in prtecting the envirnment. Hwever, sme nutritinists advise against switching t a ttally strict vegetarian, r vegan diet. They believe a vegan diet, which excludes all prducts frm animal surces, such as cheese, eggs, and milk, can be shrt f many necessary vitamins and minerals ur bdies need.
Tday, many peple knw it’s imprtant t take better care f their bdies and t use the earth’s resurces mre efficiently. As this understanding spreads, mre peple may realize that t help the envirnment and fr the human race t survive, mre f us will need t becme vegetarians.
58．The underlined wrd “it” in Para.3 refers t ________.
A．methane gasB．carbn dixide
C．expelling windD．greenhuse gas
59．Many figures are used in Para.4 t shw ________.
A．grwing tmates has the highest prductin
B．crp prductin is better than meat prductin
C．meat prductin cnsumes t much water and land
D．farm animals are the main prducer f the methane gas
60．Which f the statement is TRUE accrding t the article?
A．Dctrs suggest switching t ttally vegetarian diets.
B．It takes mre water and land t prduce a kil f crps.
C．Farm animals give ff methane gas and pllute the envirnment.
D．Carbn dixide is mre respnsible fr glbal warming than methane gas.
61．What message des the passage want t cnvey?
A．Our diet is destrying the surrundings.
B．Raising farm animals affects the envirnment.
C．A vegetarian diet helps t prtect the envirnment.
D．Mre and mre peple are becming strict vegetarians.
【答案】58．A 59．C 60．C 61．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了素食不仅有益于健康，而且还会对环境产生积极的影响。
58．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Methane gas is the secnd mst cmmn greenhuse gas after carbn dixide.（甲烷气体是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体。）”可知，此处是甲烷气体和二氧化碳的对比，即：许多环境专家现在认为甲烷气体比二氧化碳更能导致全球变暖。由此可知，it指代的就是前面提到的甲烷气体，故A项正确。
59．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Anther way that meat prductin affects the envirnment is thrugh the use f water and land.2,500 gallns f water are needed t prduce ne pund f beef, whereas 20 gallns f water are needed t prduce ne pund f wheat. One acre f farmland used fr crp prductin can prduce 40,000 punds f ptates, 30,000 punds f carrts, r 50,000 punds f tmates.（肉类生产影响环境的另一种方式是利用水和土地。生产一磅牛肉需要2500加仑水，而生产一磅小麦需要20加仑水；一英亩的农田可以生产4万磅土豆、3万磅胡萝卜或5万磅西红柿。）”可知，通过具体数据对肉类生产和蔬菜种植所需的土地和水进行对比可知，这些数据就是为了证明肉类生产消耗了太多的水和土地，故C项正确。
60．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fr a start, all farm animals such as cws, pigs, and sheep give ff methane(沼气)gas by expelling(排出)wind frm their bdies. One cw can prduce up t 60 liters f methane each day. Methane gas is the secnd mst cmmn greenhuse gas after carbn dixide.（首先，所有的农场动物，如牛、猪和羊，都通过从体内排出风来释放甲烷气体。一头牛每天可以产生60升甲烷。甲烷是仅次于二氧化碳的第二大常见温室气体。）”可知，农场动物释放甲烷气体，污染环境，故C项正确。
61．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“What mst peple are less aware f, hwever, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have n the envirnment.（然而，大多数人不太清楚的是素食对环境的影响。）”可知，因此文章主要讲的是素食有助于保护环境，故C项正确。
Passage 16
Tday, battery pwer per kilwatt hur csts arund nly ten per cent f what it did a decade ag. And the expectatin is that the csts will cntinue t fall, because battery chemistry imprves and manufacturing (批量生产) lts f batteries n a massive scale makes the prductin f individual batteries cheaper.
Yu can be frgiven fr thinking that this might nly be f interest t accuntants, but the pssible effects f this are enrmus, and will benefit all f us. First and mst bviusly, it has made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and lnger-lasting. And brilliantly, because electric batteries are imprving s dramatically, we can already see the results. Last September, 15 per cent f all-new vehicle registratins were pure electric vehicles. S the change is starting t happen.
Better batteries des nt just mean better cars hwever. They can als help us decarbnise the entire natinal grid (输电网). String energy has always been a prblem fr the grid. Tday, nly a tiny amunt f generated electricity is stred fr later use, which leads t lts f pwer ging t waste. But better batteries make it technlgically and ecnmically viable t stre large amunts f energy frm the grid.
It’s pssible that in the nt-t-distant future, we might have an enrmus battery in the garage. It wuld take pwer frm the grid (r maybe even slar panels n the rf), and pwer appliances and lights in ur hmes at the times when demand fr electricity is high. Hme batteries are nt yet as established as electric cars » but-they are als grwing in ppularity.
S, given hw much technlgy has imprved batteries ver the last decade, I can’t help but be strangely ptimistic abut the future. Batteries may nt be as flashy (华丽的) as phnes, rckets r ther new technlgies. But when it cmes t technlgy t fight climate change, they’re definitely leading the charge.
62．What cntributes t the ppularity f electric cars?
A．The prductin f individual batteries.
B．The lnger duratin and less cst f batteries.
C．Accuntants’ interest in cheaper batteries.
D．The increasing vehicle registratins.
63．What des the underlined wrd “viable” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Cheaper.B．Dramatic.C．Wrkable.D．. Exceptinal.
64．What des the authr expect f batteries?
A．They will becme smaller.
B．They will help make the wrld greener.
C．They will sell better than phnes.
D．They will replace chargers n a lis trip.
65．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Hme Batteries Will Catch On -
B．Batteries Are Getting Better and Better
C．Battery Technlgy Needs Imprving Urgently
D．Petrl-pwered Cars Will Be Upgraded
【答案】62．B 63．C 64．B 65．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明电池技术的发展让电池价格越来越低并且存储量越来越大，这能让更多人受益。电池技术还有助于整个国家电网的脱碳，使大量储存电能具有可行性，从而促进家用电池的流行。最后作者乐观展望电池的未来。
62．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First and mst bviusly, it had made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and lnger-lasting. And brilliantly, because electric batteries are imprving s dramatically, we can already see the results. Last September, 15 per cent f all new vehicle registratins were pure electric vehicles. (首先也是最明显的是，它使电动汽车中的电池更便宜、更耐用。而且非常出色的是，由于电池正在大幅改善，我们已经可以看到结果。去年9月，所有新车登记中有15%是纯电动汽车)”可知，电动汽车的电池变得更便宜且更耐用，所以现在电动汽车跑得更远，其实用性更强，因此电动汽车注册用户开始增加。故选B。
63．词义猜测题。根据上文“String energy has always been a prblem fr the grid.(储存能量一直是电网的难题)”及“But better batteries make it technlgically and ecnmically viable t stre large amunts f energy frm the grid. (但更好的电池使得从电网存储大量能量在技术和经济上都是……。)”中的“But”可知，更好的电池可以解决当前只有少量的发电被储存的问题。由此可知，画线词意为“可行的，行得通的”。故选C。
64．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They can als help us decarbnise the entire natinal grid. (它们还可以帮助我们实现整个国家电网的脱碳)”和最后一段中的“Batteries may nt be as flashy(华丽的) as phnes, rckets r ther new technlgies, but when it cmes t technlgy t fight climate change, they’re definitely leading the charge. (电池可能不像手机、火箭或其他新技术那样华丽，但在应对气候变化的技术方面，它们绝对是领先的)”可知，作者认为电池技术能帮助减少碳排放，能有力地帮助解决全球气候问题，即可以让世界更环保。故选B。
65．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“First and mst bviusly, it had made the batteries in electric cars cheaper and lnger-lasting. (首先也是最明显的是，它使电动汽车中的电池更便宜、更持久)”，第三段中的“They can als help us decarbnise the entire natinal grid. (它们还可以帮助我们实现整个国家电网的脱碳)”和第四段中的“This wuld take pwer frm the grid (r maybe even slar panels n the rf), and pwer appliances and lights in ur hmes at the times when demand fr electricity is high. Hme batteries are nt yet as established as electric cars, but they are als grwing in ppularity. (这将从电网（甚至屋顶上的太阳能电池板）获取电力，并在电力需求高的时候为我们家中的电器和灯供电。家用电池还没有像电动汽车那样成熟，但它们也越来越受欢迎)”可知，作者一直在强调电池变得更好、更受欢迎，从而也让更多人受益;再根据最后一段中的“S, given hw much technlgy has imprved batteries ver the last decade, I can’t help but be strangely ptimistic abut the future. (因此，考虑到过去十年中技术对电池的改进程度，我不禁对未来感到异常乐观)”可知，作者对电池的前景充满乐观与希望。故B项“电池越来越好”适合作本文标题。故选B。
Passage 17
Teen brains aged faster than nrmal frm stress by at least three years, a study has fund. The study, published in Bilgical Psychiatry: Glbal Open Science, was the first t cmpare examinatins f the physical structures f teenagers’ brains frm befre and after the stress started, and t dcument significant differences.
Researchers knew teens had higher levels f depressin, anxiety and fearfulness than befre the stress. But we knew nthing abut the effects n their brains. The researchers fund grwth in brain areas that cntrl access t sme memries and help cntrl fear, stress and ther emtins.
Premature(过早的) aging f kids’ brains isn’t a psitive develpment. Their stressful childhd experiences nt nly make peple easier t suffer frm depressin, anxiety and ther mental illnesses, they can raise the risk f cancer, heart disease and ther lng-term negative utcmes.
The scientists tried t make ut hw the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure f the children’s brains and their mental health. They matched pairs f children with the same age, gender and stress. “That allwed us t cmpare 16-year lds befre the stress with different 16-year lds assessed after the stress,” said Ian Gtlib, a psychlgy prfessr at Stanfrd University.
T determine the brain age f their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinatins int a machine-learning mdel fr predicting brain age develped by the ENIGMA-Brain Age wrking grup, a c-peratin amng scientists wh share their brain image data sets. They als evaluated mental health utcmes reprted by the matched pairs. They fund mre severe symptms f anxiety, depressin and internalizing(内在化的) prblems in the grup that had experienced the stress.
Dan Siegel, clinical prfessr f psychiatry at the UCLA Schl f Medicine, nted that many individuals experience pst-traumatic(创伤后的) grwth after a stressful experience. “This is a useful initial study,” agreed David Fassler, clinical prfessr f psychiatry at the University f Vermnt. “I expect the results will infrm the design f future research initiatives.”
66．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Researchers had a gd knwledge f aging.B．Stress greatly influenced teenagers’ brains.
C．Brain grwth imprved teenagers’ happiness.D．Bad memries resulted in negative emtins.
67．What enabled scientists t d research accrding t Ian Gtlib?
A．The applicatin f advanced technlgy.B．The accurate analysis f the data prvided.
C．The participatin f vlunteer teenagers.D．The previus experience f the researchers.
68．Why was the machine-learning mdel develped?
A．T satisfy the need f the market.B．T evaluate the brain age f samples.
C．T predict mental health utcmes.D．T slve internalizing prblems.
69．What was David Fassler’s attitude t the study?
A．Favrable.B．Indifferent.C．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
【答案】66．B 67．C 68．B 69．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了发表在《生物精神病学：全球开放科学》杂志上的一项研究发现，由于压力，青少年的大脑比正常人衰老得快至少三年。
66．推理判断题。根据第一段“Teen brains aged faster than nrmal frm stress by at least three years, a study has fund.(一项研究发现，由于压力，青少年的大脑比正常人衰老得快至少三年。)”可知，压力对青少年的大脑影响很大。故选B。
67．细节理解题。根据第四段“They matched pairs f children with the same age, gender and stress. ‘That allwed us t cmpare 16-year lds befre the stress with different 16-year lds assessed after the stress,’ said Ian Gtlib, a psychlgy prfessr at Stanfrd University.(他们将年龄、性别和压力相同的孩子配对。斯坦福大学心理学教授伊恩·戈特利布（Ian Gtlib）说:“这让我们可以将承受压力前的16岁孩子与承受压力后的不同16岁孩子进行比较。”)”可知，根据伊恩·戈特利布，青少年志愿者的参与使科学家能够进行研究。故选C。
68．推理判断题。根据第五段“T determine the brain age f their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinatins int a machine-learning mdel fr predicting brain age develped by the ENIGMA-Brain Age wrking grup, a c-peratin amng scientists wh share their brain image data sets. (为了确定样本的大脑年龄，研究人员将他们的大脑检查结果输入到一个机器学习模型中，该模型用于预测大脑年龄，该模型是由ENIGMA-Brain age工作组开发的，这是一个科学家之间的合作，他们共享他们的大脑图像数据集。)”可知，开发机器学习模型是为了评估样本的脑龄。故选B。
69．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘This is a useful initial study,’ agreed David Fassler, clinical prfessr f psychiatry at the University f Vermnt. ‘I expect the results will infrm the design f future research initiatives.’(“这是一项有用的初步研究，”佛蒙特大学精神病学临床教授大卫·法斯勒（David Fassler）表示赞同。“我希望这些结果将为未来研究计划的设计提供信息。)”可知，大卫·法斯勒对这个研究是支持的。故选A。
Passage 18
Lithium (锂) is called “white gld” fr gd reasn. The metal’s value has been grwing sharply ver the last several years, in a large part because it is an essential part f batteries as well as several key sustainable technlgies where energy strage is f huge significance. As electric cars, wind and slar pwer have grwn int majr players in the energy industry, lithium has becme key t engineering a future free f fssil (化石) fuels.
But acquiring lithium cmes at an enrmus cst. It ften wrks like this: Water cntaining lithium is delivered t the surface frm undergrund and mixed with fresh water. The mixture then sits in pls t get rid f water, leaving the rest f its cntents behind as brightly clred “mud”. Then heat and chemical reactins are used t get lithium frm that, changing it int pwder which is then packaged and shipped t buyers arund the wrld.
Any accident that releases mine cntents int surrunding cmmunities r the grundwater supply culd have unimaginable lng-term impacts. T be specific, indigenus (土著的) cmmunities ften bear the damage, and plitical leaders have typically given little weight t their cncerns. In Arizna, fr example, an expanding lithium mine is threatening the Hualapai Tribe’s cultural and histric sites. Recently, mining lithium and ther precius metals has brught abut cnflict: Hw d yu ensure the availability f materials essential t the future f renewables while prtecting thse cmmunities’ rights?
Mining f the metal is expected t increase dramatically in cming years. Over time, experts say, that will reduce greenhuse gas emissins (排放) by making electric cars mre affrdable and, therefre, mre ppular. As envirnmentally cnscius cnsumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers, it’s imprtant t be aware f the dirty prcess that pwers thse clean air vehicles.
70．What des the authr’s intentin f writing Paragraph 1?
A．T intrduce the backgrund f an event.B．T explain a cmplex industrial thery.
C．T describe a nticeable recent tendency.D．T predict the future f a main technlgy.
71．Which may cause enrmus envirnmental damage?
A．Unexpected material leak.B．Vilent chemical reactins.
C．Wrng plitical decisins.D．Lithium mine expansin.
72．What’s the authr’s attitude twards mining lithium?
A．Intlerant.B．Uncaring.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
73．What’s the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．High Expense f Lithium MiningB．Ptential Benefit f Using Lithium
C．Hidden Threat behind Clean EnergyD．Bright Future f Renewable Resurces
【答案】70．C 71．A 72．D 73．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了目前发展清洁能源的大背景下需要开采锂，但这一过程实际上代价高昂，而且可能严重破坏环境，我们需要考虑到这一潜在的威胁。
70．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Lithium (锂) is called “white gld” fr gd reasn. The metal’s value has been grwing sharply ver the last several years, in a large part because it is an essential part f batteries as well as several key sustainable technlgies where energy strage is f huge significance. As electric cars, wind and slar pwer have grwn int majr players in the energy industry, lithium has becme key t engineering a future free f fssil (化石) fuels.（锂被称为“白金”是有原因的。在过去的几年里，这种金属的价值一直在急剧增长，这在很大程度上是因为它是电池以及一些关键的可持续技术的重要组成部分，在这些技术中，能量存储具有巨大的意义。随着电动汽车、风能和太阳能成为能源行业的主要参与者，锂已经成为策划一个没有化石燃料的未来的关键。）”可知，本段落介绍了锂的价值急剧增长的原因，描述了它在当今社会发展中的重要性。由此推知，本段落的意图是描述锂的重要性日益凸显这一显然的发展趋势，引出下文对这一趋势的深度分析，C项符合题意。文中没有涉及事件，可排除A项；第一段没有涉及工业理论，可排除B项；文中没有展望技术的未来，可排除D项。故选C。
71．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Any accident that releases mine cntents int surrunding cmmunities r the grundwater supply culd have unimaginable lng-term impacts.（任何将矿物释放到周围社区或地下水供应的事故都可能造成难以想象的长期影响。）”可知，如果锂矿物意外进入周围社区或地下水中，将会产生重大的破坏，即严重地破坏环境，A项符合题意。故选A。
72．推理判断题。根据第二段中“But acquiring lithium cmes at an enrmus cst.（但获取锂需要付出巨大的代价。）”和第三段中“Any accident that releases mine cntents int surrunding cmmunities r the grundwater supply culd have unimaginable lng-term impacts.（任何将矿物释放到周围社区或地下水供应的事故都可能造成难以想象的长期影响。）”可知，获取锂代价大，而且有污染环境的风险。再结合第三段中“Recently, mining lithium and ther precius metals has brught abut cnflict: Hw d yu ensure the availability f materials essential t the future f renewables while prtecting thse cmmunities’ rights?（最近，锂和其他贵金属的开采带来了冲突：在保护这些社区权利的同时，如何确保对可再生能源未来至关重要的材料的可用性？）”可知，开采锂发展可再生能源的同时需要保护受影响的群体的权利。由此推知，在大力开采锂的背景下，作者意识到其中存在的威胁，认为需要在开采锂发展新能源和保护群体的权利之间做好平衡，因此作者的态度是客观的，D项符合题意。故选D。
73．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“As envirnmentally cnscius cnsumers buy electric cars in ever-greater numbers, it’s imprtant t be aware f the dirty prcess that pwers thse clean air vehicles.（随着越来越多具有环保意识的消费者购买电动汽车，有必要意识到驱动这些清洁空气的汽车的肮脏过程。）”并结合全文可知，文章主要说明了发展清洁能源需要开采锂，但这一过程背后代价高昂、可能严重破坏环境，我们需要考虑到这一潜在的威胁。因此C项（清洁能源背后隐藏的威胁）能够概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选C。
Passage 19
Parents and teachers wrry abut the lss f learning caused by the COVID-19 and want t catch up immediately. But it’s unrealistic t think that a few mnths will fully clse the gaps.
Educatrs tend t underestimate the imprtance f knwledge, as thugh rte (死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-rder thinking. But science shws therwise. The prcesses that teachers care abut mst, like critical thinking, are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry. Yet we cntinue t rmanticize an impssible shrtcut: teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly: I will teach students what an inference is. Actually, students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.
Educatrs als ften underestimate memry. Cgnitive (认知的) scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry, nthing has been learned”. At the end f a lessn, if students appear t understand an idea, their teacher may think, “Great, they really understand the pint.” But if weeks later, the students frget it, learning has nt really ccurred.
Finally, we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs. Belnging is ne f the mst prfund (深切的) human emtins. Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment: “I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful. This wuld als be achieved if, when Cassidy is speaking, her classmates are lking at her, ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds. Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging, but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.
All in all, if we want t benefit students, we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry, and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.
74．What can we knw abut critical thinking accrding t the passage?
A．It can be taught directly.B．It is gradually frmed.
C．It is deeply rted in reading.D．It is universally applicable.
75．Accrding t Paul Kirschner, when des real learning happen?
A．When students perfrm well in class activities.
B．When students understand what has been taught.
C．When students achieve changes in lng-term memry.
D．When students start t frget unnecessary infrmatin.
76．What is the main idea f Paragraph 5?
A．Nnverbal scial signals matters in class.
B．Being sciable in the classrm is imprtant.
C．Students shuld supprt each ther in class discussins.
D．Classrms are where the feeling f belnging is develped.
77．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T urge schls t teach mre knwledge.
B．T shw cncern abut the influence f COVID-19.
C．T prmte higher-rder thinking like critical thinking.
D．T suggest a scientific way t catch up the lss f learning.
【答案】74．B 75．C 76．D 77．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了疫情后如何科学弥补学生学习缺漏。作者认为只教授思辨性思维等高阶思维技巧是不可行的，强调了基础知识、长期记忆和情感归属感对学生学习的重要性。
【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The prcesses that teachers care abut mst, like critical thinking, are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.(教师最关心的过程，如批判性思维，与储存在长期记忆中的事实知识密切相关)”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly: I will teach students what an inference is. Actually, students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.(以阅读为例，学校认为阅读是一种可以直接传授的思维技能:我会教学生什么是推理。事实上，当学生能够流利地阅读，并拥有词汇和背景知识来说出未说过的内容时，他们就会进行推理)”可知，思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Cgnitive(认知的) scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry, nthing has been learned”.(认知科学家保罗·克什纳(Paul Kirschner)认为，建立记忆是“所有教学的目标”，“如果长期记忆没有改变，就意味着什么也没学到”)”可知，Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第五段内容“Finally, we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs. Belnging is ne f the mst prfund(深切的) human emtins. Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment: “I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful. This wuld als be achieved if, when Cassidy is speaking, her classmates are lking at her, ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds. Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging, but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.(最后，我们必须考虑学生的情感需求。归属感是人类最深刻的情感之一。假设一个课堂，学生被社会化评论:“我同意卡西迪的观点，并想提供另一个例子。”这向卡西迪传达了她的评论是有意义的。如果卡西迪在讲话时，她的同学们都看着她，点头，并发出积极的非语言社会信号，表明他们重视她的话，也能达到这种效果。只有同龄人才能提供这种归属感，但教师可以培养环境)”可知，第五段阐述了疫情后，课堂中应关注学生的归属感，以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此，本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“clse the gaps”及最后一段中的“All in all, if we want t benefit students, we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry, and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.(总而言之，如果我们想让学生受益，我们必须把我们的教学建立在重视知识和记忆的科学基础上，以及归属感在学生学习中所起的作用)”可知，学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。故选D。
Passage 20
Researchers at the University f Cambridge carried ut a year-lng study with Design and Technlgy(D&T) year 9 pupils at tw Lndn schls. Pupils at ne schl spent the year fllwing schl lessns while the ther grup’s D&T lessns used a set f engineering design thinking tls. Creativity f bth grups f pupils was assessed at the start and end f the schl year using an authritative mental test.
Results shwed a significant increase in creativity amng pupils at the interventin(干预) schl where thinking tls were used. At the start f the year, the creativity scres f pupils at the cntrl schl were 11% higher than thse at the interventin schl accrding t data frm the mental test. By the end, hwever, creativity scres f pupils in the interventin grup were 78% higher than thse in the cntrl grup.
The research is part f a prgram called Designing Our Tmrrw and challenges pupils t find ways f dealing with real-wrld prblems by thinking abut the thughts and feelings f thers. The particular challenge used in the study required pupils at the interventin schl t design an asthma-treatment(哮喘治疗) pack fr children. Pupils were given varius “tls”. They were shwn data n the number f asthma-related deaths f children in the UK, and a vide abut a child having an attack. They als explred the prblem and tested their design ideas by rle-playing---fr example---patients, family members, and medical staff.
Nichll, Senir Lecturer in Design and Technlgy Educatin, said, “When I taught D&T, I didn’t see children as ptential engineers wh wuld ne day cntribute t the ecnmy - they were just peple wh needed t be ready t g int the wrld at 18. Althugh teaching empathy(同理心) has been part f the D&T Natinal Curriculum fr ver tw decades, this study suggests it is still a missing link in the creative prcess, and vital if we want educatin t encurage designers and engineers f tmrrw.”
78．What can we learn abut the cntrl grup?
A．They used thinking tls.
B．They didn’t take D&T lessns.
C．They fllwed standard curses.
D．They gt higher creativity scres twice.
79．Why d researchers give pupils varius “tls”?
A．T develp their empathy.
B．T test their creativity levels.
C．T inspire them t slve prblems.
D．T help them understand asthma.
80．What is Nichll’s attitude t current D&T teaching?
A．Appreciative.B．Dubtful.C．Objective.D．Unsatisfied.
81．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Teaching Kids Empathy Is a Must.
B．Pupils Shuld Empathise with Others.
C．Empathy Imprves Creativity in Pupils.
D．Empathy Is Missing in the Creative Prcess.
【答案】78．C 79．A 80．D 81．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学的研究人员对伦敦两所学校的设计与技术（D&T）九年级学生进行了为期一年的研究。实验表明，同理心可以提高学生的创造力。
78．推理判断题。根据第一段“Researchers at the University f Cambridge carried ut a year-lng study with Design and Technlgy(D&T) year 9 pupils at tw Lndn schls. Pupils at ne schl spent the year fllwing schl lessns while the ther grup’s D&T lessns used a set f engineering design thinking tls. Creativity f bth grups f pupils was assessed at the start and end f the schl year using an authritative mental test. (剑桥大学的研究人员对伦敦两所学校的设计与技术（D&T）九年级学生进行了为期一年的研究。一所学校的学生花了一年时间学习学校课程，而另一组的D&T课程使用了一套工程设计思维工具。在学年开始和结束时，使用权威的心理测试对两组学生的创造力进行了评估。)”和第二段“Results shwed a significant increase in creativity amng pupils at the interventin(干预) schl where thinking tls were used. At the start f the year, the creativity scres f pupils at the cntrl schl were 11% higher than thse at the interventin schl accrding t data frm the mental test. By the end, hwever, creativity scres f pupils in the interventin grup were 78% higher than thse in the cntrl grup. (结果显示，在使用思维工具的干预学校，学生的创造力显著提高。根据心理测试的数据，年初，对照学校学生的创造力得分比干预学校高11%。然而，到最后，干预组学生的创造力得分比对照组高78%。)”可知，两组学生分别为干预组（interventin grup）和对照组（cntrl grup），干预组的学生们学习的是一套工程设计思维工具，对照组的学生们学习的是学校安排的传统课程。故选C。
79．推理判断题。根据第三段“The research is part f a prgram called Designing Our Tmrrw and challenges pupils t find ways f dealing with real-wrld prblems by thinking abut the thughts and feelings f thers. The particular challenge used in the study required pupils at the interventin schl t design an asthma-treatment(哮喘治疗) pack fr children. Pupils were given varius “tls”. They were shwn data n the number f asthma-related deaths f children in the UK, and a vide abut a child having an attack. They als explred the prblem and tested their design ideas by rle-playing---fr example---patients, family members, and medical staff. (这项研究是一项名为“设计我们的明天”的项目的一部分，它挑战学生通过思考他人的想法和感受来找到处理现实世界问题的方法。研究中使用的特殊挑战要求干预学校的学生为儿童设计哮喘治疗包。学生们得到了各种各样的“工具”。他们看到了英国儿童哮喘相关死亡人数的数据，以及一段关于一名儿童哮喘发作的视频。他们还探讨了这个问题，并通过角色扮演测试了他们的设计理念——例如，病人、家人和医护人员。)”可知，学生们被给各种各样的“工具”是为了培养孩子们的同理心。故选A。
80．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nichll, Senir Lecturer in Design and Technlgy Educatin, said, “When I taught D&T, I didn’t see children as ptential engineers wh wuld ne day cntribute t the ecnmy - they were just peple wh needed t be ready t g int the wrld at 18. Althugh teaching empathy(同理心) has been part f the D&T Natinal Curriculum fr ver tw decades, this study suggests it is still a missing link in the creative prcess, and vital if we want educatin t encurage designers and engineers f tmrrw.” (设计与技术教育高级讲师尼科尔说：“当我教授D&T时，我并不认为孩子们是有一天会为经济做出贡献的潜在工程师，他们只是需要在18岁时准备好走向世界的人。尽管20多年来，同理心教学一直是D&T国家课程的一部分，但这项研究表明，它仍然是创意过程中缺失的一环，如果我们想通过教育来鼓励未来的设计师和工程师，这一点至关重要。”)”可知，尼科尔对D&T教学并不满意。故选D。
81．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Results shwed a significant increase in creativity amng pupils at the interventin(干预) schl where thinking tls were used. At the start f the year, the creativity scres f pupils at the cntrl schl were 11% higher than thse at the interventin schl accrding t data frm the mental test. By the end, hwever, creativity scres f pupils in the interventin grup were 78% higher than thse in the cntrl grup. (结果显示，在使用思维工具的干预学校，学生的创造力显著提高。根据心理测试的数据，年初，对照学校学生的创造力得分比干预学校高11%。然而，到最后，干预组学生的创造力得分比对照组高78%。)”和第三段“The research is part f a prgram called Designing Our Tmrrw and challenges pupils t find ways f dealing with real-wrld prblems by thinking abut the thughts and feelings f thers. (这项研究是一项名为“设计我们的明天”的项目的一部分，它挑战学生通过思考他人的想法和感受来找到处理现实世界问题的方法。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述实验表明，同理心可以提高学生的创造力。故选C。