Unit 4 知识点讲义 人教版八年级英语上册

这是一份Unit 4 知识点讲义 人教版八年级英语上册，共10页。
Unit4. What’s the best movie theater?形容词最高级· 定义  形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在一群人或事物中，其中一个“最……”。表示这一意思时，形容词要用最高级形式，最高级前一般要用定冠词the。· 最高级变化规则  规则变化  1. 一般在末尾直接加est；hard--hardest, small--smallest  2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，在末尾加st；large--largest, nice--nicest  3. 重读闭音节的形容词副词，双写尾字母再加est； big--biggest, fat--fattest  4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词副词，改y为i再加est busy--busiest, happy--happiest  5. 双音节或多音节：大部分双音节和所有的多音节形容词副词，直接在前面加the most  beautiful---the most beautiful, expensive---the most expensive  不规则变化  good/well → better → best bad/ill → worse → worst  many/much → more → most   little → less → least  far → farther→ farthest或者further → furthest  old → elder→ eldest或者→ older → oldest 最高级基本句型：（“the+最高级”，一般带有表示比较范围的介词短语，比如: in our class, of the three 等。）1.主语 + be + 形容词最高级 + （比较范围）Wang Lin is the tallest in our class. 王琳是我们班最高的。The pen is the most expensive of all. 这支笔是所有当中最贵的。My cousin Li Jing is the most creative person I know.我的表妹李静是我认识的最有创造力的人。2.主语 + 谓语动词 + 副词最高级 +（比较范围）注意：副词的最高级前the 可以省略。 Liu Xiang runs fastest in China. 刘翔最中国跑得最快。 My sister sings best in my family.我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。 形容词和副词最高级的常用句型（1）“形容词或副词最高级+比较范围”表示“在……中最……”。Wang Hui is the tallest boy in our class. 王辉是我们班里个子最高的男孩。Gina dances the best of the four girls. 这四个女孩中吉娜舞跳得最好。（2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级，A，B or C？Which city is the most beautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?Who is the youngest, Mary, Tina or Lucy? 玛丽、蒂娜和露西中谁的年龄最小？（3）“one of the+ 形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”。This is one of the most interesting stories. 这是最有趣的故事之一。(4) This/It is / was + 最高级+名词+that定语从句，意为“这是最……”。This is the worst film that I have seen these years.  这是我这些年来看过的最不好的一部电影。注意： (1). 形容词的最高级前一般要用定冠词the，当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有歌等修饰时，则不用定冠词the。副词最高级前可以加the，也可以不加the。Miss Hu is our best teacher.胡老师是我们最好的老师。Tom is Lucy’s best friend. 汤姆是露西的最好的朋友。Tuesday is her busiest day. 星期二是她最忙的一天。(2) 形容词最高级常与由介词in或of引导的表示范围的短语连用。若介词后的名词或代词与句中的主语是同一事物时，则用of短语；当只说明是在某一空间、时间范围内的比较时，则用in短语。　　This apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中，这个苹果最大。He is the youngest in his class. 他在他班里年龄最小。(3) 形容词最高级前可用序数词限定，共同修饰后面的名词，其结构为：the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词。Hainan is the second largest island in China. 海南是中国的第二大岛。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。(4) 比较级形式表达形容词最高级的意义。 1)形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词。This book is more difficult than any other book here. = This book is the most difficult book of all.这些书当中这本最难。　 He is the tallest boy in our class. = He is taller than any other boy in our class.他是我们班最高的。　2) 形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。　　 Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth.亚洲是地球上最大的洲。(5) 形容词最高级前若有不定冠词a，这时，它表示“非常”的意思。Spring is a best season. 春天是一个非常好的季节。theater  the movie theater 电影院 movie theater =cinema--What’s the best movie theater to go to ?可以去的最好的电影院是哪个？--- Town Cinema. (1)It has the biggest screens. 它有最大的屏幕。(2)It has the most comfortable seats. 它有最舒适的座位。= You can sit the most comfortably there.(3)It has the best sound. 它有最好的音质。(4)It has the newest movies.它有最新的电影。=You can see the newest movies there.(5)It has the cheapest tickets. 它有最便宜的票。=You can buy tickets the most cheaply. (6)It has the shortest waiting time. 它有最短的等待时间。= You can buy tickets the most quickly.你可以最快地买到票。(7)It has the best service. 它有最好的服务。(8)It is the closest to my home.它离我家是最近的。 （be close to...离.....近）（9）It is the most popular .它是最受欢迎的。 comfortable seats It has the most comfortable seats. 它有最舒适的座位。(1) comfortable是形容词，意为“舒适的，安逸的”。反义词为uncomfortable“不舒适的，不安逸的”。比较级：more comfortable 最高级：most comfortable 其副词形式为comfortably意为“舒适地；安逸地”，uncomfortably adv. 不舒适地。 sit comfortably 坐得舒服  I feel more comfortable in this hotel.  我感觉在这家旅店更舒服。seat作名词，意为“座位”，作动词时是及物动词，意为“坐下，使就座”。 take/have a seat 坐下    Are there enough seats for everyone? 座位够吗？    I seated myself at my desk. 我在书桌旁坐下。screen It has the biggest screens. 它有最大的屏幕。 on the screen 在屏幕上close adj. （在空间、时间上）接近；亲密的 close friends 密友  close to意为“靠近，接近”，相当于next to。close to home 离家近拓展：  adv. close 靠近地，接近地，紧密地  Come close and I can help you. 走近点，我才能帮助你。close v.，意为“关上，闭上”。closed：adj. 关闭；停止营业 反义词：open（开着的）    Please close the door, and keep the door closed.  请关上门并让门关着。ticket You can buy tickets the most quickly.你可以最快地买到票。a ticket to the movie=a movie ticket 一张电影票 get a ticket买到一张票worst bad 和 badly 的最高级 adj. & adv. 最差（的）；最坏（的）；最糟（的）It has the worst music.It has the worst service and it’s also the most expensive. 它服务最差，衣服最贵。cheaply adv. 便宜地；低廉地 You can buy clothes the most cheaply. cheap adj. the cheapest tickets最便宜的票8.song They play the most boring songs.9.DJ DJs10. choosechoose是动词，意为“选择，挑选”。后面可直接接宾语也可以跟to do不定式或者介宾结构。The DJs choose songs the most carefully. DJ们最认真地选择歌曲。v. choose 选择；挑选（过去式:chose 现在分词:choosing 第三人称单数:chooses）   It's up to you to choose where we should go. 我们要去的地点，由你负责。拓展：choice：n. 选择；挑选 make a choice 做出选择 have no choice but to do 除了做..事,别无选择carefully adv. 细致地；小心地；谨慎地 比较级：more carefully 最高级：most carefullyThe DJs don’t choose songs carefully. 电台DJ不认真选择歌曲。reporter n.记者 report v.报道The reporter is reporting the news. 这个记者正在报道新闻。I’m a reporter. Can I ask you some questions ？some此处用作形容词，意为“一些”。some通常用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑问句中通常用any。但在表示建议或征求意见的句型中，用some而不能用any。Would you like some tea? 你想喝点茶吗？ How about drinking some coffee? 喝点咖啡怎么样？拓展：“Can I...?”是一个征求对方意见的句型，有时也用“Could I...?”，意为“我能/ 可以……吗？”13.so far意为“到目前为止，迄今为止”，表示时间，经常与现在完成时连用。How do you like it so far? = What do you think of it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？14.fresh adj. 新鲜的；清新的；淡的；无盐的 You can buy the freshest food there. the freshest food /air 最新鲜的食物/空气15.comfortably You can sit the most comfortably.16.worse adj. & adv. 更差（的）；更坏（的）；更糟（的）bad 和 badly 的比较级I think the song is much worse than that one.17.service   n. 接待；服务  It has the worst service.它有最差的服务。  n. service 服务（不可数名词）；服务行为（可数名词）  He spent a life of service to others.  他一生为他人服务。（不可数）  He got a good service in the restaurant. 他在这家饭店得到了周到的服务。（可数名词）拓展：serve：v. 接待；服务；提供 serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 招待某人某物serve with sth 用...款待/招待... servant n. We have the best service. That means we will try our best to serve you. 18.prettyadv. 相当，十分，很 ( pretty + 形容词原形 )= really / very / quite / so此时只修饰形容词或副词的原级。 pretty bad 相当糟糕(2)adj. 漂亮的 = beautiful The pretty woman won the competition.19.menu n.菜单The menu has only 10 dishes. 菜单上只有十道菜。only 10 dishes 只有10道菜not… at all 根本不，一点儿也不 The service was not good at all.20.act作动词，v.表演 He acted the best in that movie.他在那个电影里演得最好。 n.表演者=performer He is the most talented act I know.他是我知道的最有才华的表演者。actor actress action active actively activity meal n.一餐饭 泛指一顿饭，不具体指早餐(breakfast)、 午餐(lunch)或晚餐(supper/dinner)中的哪一餐。 a meal 一顿饭 We often has three meals a day. 我们通常一天吃三顿饭。creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 比较级：more creative最高级：most creativethe most creative 最有创造性的 a creative performercreate v. 创造；创建；创作His grandfather created two fantastic paintings.23.performer n. 表演者；演员 the best performer 最好的表演者the street performers 街头艺人 He is truly a talented performer.拓展：perform v. 表演；执行performance n. 表演；演出This performance is wonderful. All the performers performed very well.24.talent n. 天资；天赋 school talent show 学校才艺表演 Talent shows are getting more and more popular.才艺表演变得越来越受欢迎。  n. talent 天赋，才能，是不可数名词；指“天才，有才能的人”时为可数名词。 have (a) talent for :有...的天赋 She has a talent for English study.她英语学习有天赋。have a talent for (doing) sth. = be talented in (doing) sth. 在（做）……有天赋  Yi Jianlian has a talent for playing basketball.the most talented person 最有才的人 the most talented dancer 最有才能的舞者Everyone is good at something, but some people are truly talented.每个人都擅长一些事情，但是有一些人确实有才能。 It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents. 观看他人展示他们的才艺总是很有趣。 A. it is +adj. +for sb.+ to do st.h句型表示：对于某人来说，做...是...的，是初中里面常见的一个句型。  It is important for us to protect the environment from now on.  从现在开始保护环境对我们来说是很重要的。  It is necessary for people to pay attention to traffic lights when walking on the street.  人们在街上走的时候，很有必要注意红绿灯。B.watch sb. do sth. 意为“观看某人做某事”，指看到某事发生的全过程或表示经常性的行为。I often watch our school team practice football. 我经常观看我们球队训练足球。watch sb. doing sth. 意为“观看某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。 He watched us dancing. C.show此处用作及物动词，意为“出示；展示；给……看”，常用于show sb. sth. 或show sth. to sb.结构中。Please show me your new computer.= Please show your new computer to me. 请把你的新电脑给我看看。注意：当show后表物的宾语是代词时，只能用show sth. to sb.结构。 Show it to me, please. 请把它给我看一下。25. have…in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同  All these shows have one thing in common....所有的节目有一个共同之处....  have something in common 有一些共同之处  have nothing/little in common 没有共同之处  have a lot in common 有很多共同之处26.magician the most exciting magicians 最激动人心的魔术师They try to look for the most exciting magicians , the funniest actors and so on.他们努力寻找最令人兴奋的魔术师。最有趣的演员等等。the funniest actors 最滑稽的演员 look for 寻找 and so on 等等（用于列举的末尾）all kinds of 各种类型的；各种各样的 a kind of 一种 different kinds of 不同种类kind of =a little=a bit=a little bit+adj/adv稍微有点 join these shows(可以)参加这些节目All kinds of people join these shows. 各种各样的人加入这些表演秀。beautifully adv. 美好地；漂亮地 beauty: n. 美；美丽 beautiful: adj. 美丽的；美好的 My sister sings the most beautifully in my family. 在我家，我妹妹唱得最美妙。You did it beautifully. 你干得漂亮。29.be up to 是……的职责；由……决定 That's up to you to decide.  这由你来决定。30.role :n. 作用；职能；地位；角色， play a role 发挥作用; 有影响play a role in… 在……方面发挥作用/ 有影响 play a role in sth./doing sth. 在(做)……发挥作用，有影响They usually play a role in deciding the winner.他们通常在决定（谁是）获胜者方面发挥作用。win v.赢得 won winner n.获胜者 the winner of …的获胜者The winner always gets the first prize in the competition.获胜者总是在比赛中获得一等奖。32.prize n. 奖；奖品；奖金 get a very good prize 获得到丰厚的奖品33.everybody pron. 每人；人人；所有人 Everybody knows the answer.作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。However, not everybody enjoys watching these shows. 然而，并非人人都喜欢观看这些表演。not everybody表示“并非人人；并不是每个人”，构成部分否定。在英语中，not与表示全部、全体概念的代词all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等连用时，常表示部分否定。enjoy n. / pron. /v. ing 喜欢……Not all people like music. 并非所有人都喜欢音乐。Not everybody in our class goes to school on foot. 在我们班并非人人都步行去上学。注意：no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等词在句中表示完全否定。No one knows where he comes from. 没有人知道他来自哪里。Nothing is wrong with your TV. 你的电视什么毛病也没有。34.make up 编造（故事、谎言等）The teacher asked us to make up a story. 老师让我们编造一个故事。 be made up ... ......被编造 Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. 有些人认为表演者的生活故事是编造的。for example 例如 for example 例如 （用于举例进行说明，后跟句子）such as 例如 = like （用于列举，后面跟 A，B and C）Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. For example, some people say they are poor farmers , but in fact they are just actors.一些人认为表演者的生活是被编造出来的。例如，一些人说他们是贫穷的农民，但是实际上他们只是演员。I like all kinds of sports , such as playing basketball , running and so on.我喜欢各种运动，例如打篮球，跑步等等。poor adj. 贫穷的；清贫的 反义词：rich, 意为“富有的” the poor穷人“the+形容词”表示一类人，通常表示复数意义，在句中作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。类似的表达还有the rich（富人），the young（年轻人）等。 poor farmers贫穷的农民seriously adv. 严重地；严肃地；认真地 take ...seriously   认真对待……be seriously illIf you don’t take these shows seriously, they are fun to watch.如果你不太认真地看待这些表演秀的话，它们看起来还是很有趣的be fun to do sth.做某事很有趣（意思）;have fun doing sth.做某事很开心(愉快) We should take our grades seriously. 我们应该认真看待我们的成绩。serious adj. be serious aboutgive v.给 （过去式：gave）give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth. 把某物给某人39.crowded adj. 人多的；拥挤的；挤满的 反义词：uncrowded，“不拥挤的”The park is the most crowded place on weekends. be crowded with… 挤满……；塞满……A crowd of people are waiting for the bus.1. Thanks for telling me. 谢谢你告诉我。Thanks for+n\pron\v-ing谢谢......2. And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams come true.有关它们的一件了不起的事情是，它们给人们指明了一条让他们梦想成真的道路。这是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句， that引导的句子是一个表语从句。The only problem is that there is nothing much to do in the evening but read.唯一的问题是晚上除了阅读没什么事情可做。one great thing有一点比较好，有一点是好的give sb. a way to do sth.给某人提供一条......的出路come true实现 make one’s dreams come true实现某人的梦想3. There is something for everyone at Greenwood Park.在绿木公园每个人都可以找到适合自己的东西。There is something for everyone＋地点，地点可以放在句末，也可以放在句首，表示“在……每个人都可以找到适合自己的东西”，是推荐一个地方时的常用结构。In the museum, there's something for everyone. 在博物馆，每个人都会找到各自的所爱。 1.be far from离......远2.radio station广播电台 the best radio show最好的收音机节目3.in town在镇上 I’m new in town.我是新来的，我初来乍到。4.welcome to欢迎到某地welcome to the neighborhood欢迎来这个小区5.the best supermarket最好的超市6.on Center Street在中心街，在中央大街7.around here=near here = in the neighborhood在这儿附近8.go to the worst restaurant去最差的饭店9.other actors别的演员，其他的演员10.the most interesting roles最有趣的角色 11.similar shows相类似的节目12.around the world=all over the world全世界，世界各地13.sing fast songs very well唱快歌唱得很好14.the most interesting writer\author最有趣的作家15.the fastest runner最快的跑步者16. the best place to go to可以去的最好的地方17.on weekends=on the weekend在周末 18.on Sundays在星期天，每逢星期天19.before 10 a.m.在早上10:00之前 20. enjoy the time quietly 安静地享受时光21.coffee shops (shop)咖啡店 22.near \close to\around the park在公园附近23.relax there在那里放松 24.the best middle school最好的中学25.the most beautiful school最美丽的校（学校)26.the cheapest restaurant最便宜的饭店27.get a big plate of dumpling买到一大盘饺子 28.for only five yuan只要五元29.the most popular place最受欢迎的地方 30.go there with sb.和某人去那里31.young children小孩32.take walks去散步 33.fantastic teachers优秀的老师34.an excellent sports center有一个很棒的体育中心