新高考英语复习：训练18 概要写作示例与写作训练08新高考英语复习：

这是一份新高考英语复习：训练18 概要写作示例与写作训练08新高考英语复习：，共13页。
【原文呈现】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
N ne wuld be willing t pay ne-third f the price fr the packaging r wrapping f what he r she purchases. But ver-packaging has becme a disease that leads t a massive waste f resurces and cntributes t envirnmental pllutin in China.
Behind this disease are sme appalling figures. The wasted packaging materials are estimated t be wrth abut 280 billin yuan annually. And such packages and wrappings thrwn away by custmers make up half f the vlume f slid waste in cities. And its percentage has been increasing. If the cst fr treating the slid waste is included, the mney that has been wasted n ver-packaging shuld be much higher.
T prduce paper packagings r wrappings, many mre trees have t be cut dwn. But the packagings will then be thrwn away by cnsumers. The same is true with plastic wrappings. Over-packaging als damage the interest f cnsumers when they have t spend quite a high percentage n smething that they will have t thrw int the dustbin.
Prduct packaging and wrapping used t be very simple 30 years ag. Mn cakes were wrapped just in papers with a piece f red paper n tp as trademark. "Shabby" was the wrd many had used t criticize the way Chinese prducts were packaged. And shabby packaging was cndemned fr making Chinese prducts unattractive in the internatinal market.
It is reasnable t pay enugh attentin t packaging r wrapping prducts in such a manner that they can be appealing t custmers' eyes. But that des nt definitely justify that packaging shuld even utshine what is inside.
In the Chinese prverb, maidu huanzhu, the buyer returns the pearl and just keeps the case because the latter is t fancy and luxurius. The message frm the prverb is that ver-packaging helps cultivate an unhealthy cnsuming mentality--- t buy fancy-lking stuff but nt what they really need. This is als against the principle f frugality and sustainable develpment.
【思维路径】
[核心内容]
本文是一篇议论文，全文共有六段。第一段提出了一个问题，即在中国，过度包装(ver-packaging)已经造成了消费者多余的开支以及给环境带来了大量的废物污染。第二段则用数字进行了说明过度包装造成的巨大的财力损失及固体污染。第三段告诉我们为了生产更多的包装纸，我们不得不砍伐更多的树木。第四段回顾了过度包装的历史缘由。第五段则表明了作者的态度，即包装不能掩盖货物本身的价值。第六段中，作者借“买椟还珠”这个成语告诉我们，过度包装助长了不健康的消费理念，即只重货物外表，不在乎货物本身的价值。
[写作思路]
(1)抓住文章论点，理清论证关系。原文为议论文，第一段就提出了文章的论点，然后第二、三两端是进一步通过数据等事实论证第一段中提出的要点。第四段引出历史事实，进一步深入分析问题的起源。第五、六两段又进一步通过辩证分析的方式，表明作者的立场和态度。
(2)研读文中信息，灵活处理论据。论据是让论点使人更易接受的支持性的事实材料。原文的第二、三两段就是通过数据进行摆事实、讲道理。而原文第四与第六段又引出历史与文化传统里面关于“包装”问题的看法。因而，在缩写的时候，我们就需要对论据进行适当的安排与处理：既要注重数据事实，又要照顾到“历史事件”在论证中所起的作用。
(3)确立文章主题，合理安排结构。原文第一段话首先表明了文章的中心论点,即“Over-packaging has becme a disease that leads t a massive waste f resurces and cntributes t envirnmental pllutin in China”(要点1)；第二段用数据证明事实证明了文章的中心，即“Over-packaging has waste t much mney n the packages and n the treatment f the slid waste” (要点2)；第三段又进一步指出了过度包装的另一个危害，即“T prduce paper packagings r wrappings, many mre trees have t be cut dwn” (要点3)；第四段回顾了人们之所以要过度包装的历史原因，即“Shabby packaging was cndemned fr making Chinese prducts unattractive in the internatinal market” (要点4)；第五段表达了作者对过度包装的态度，即“Packaging shuld nt utshine what is inside” (要点5)；在第六段中，作者借“买椟还珠”这个成语故事，表明了文章的结论，即“Over-packaging helps cultivate an unhealthy cnsuming mentality” (要点6)。通过以上分析，我们可以发现原文的论述结构：提出论点(要点1)---论据论证(要点2、3)---回顾历史(要点4)---表明态度(要点5)---得出结论(要点6)。那么在缩写的时候，我们就必须首先确定采取何种表达顺序，完成对原文中心的表述。
[参考范文]
Shabby packaging was nce criticized fr making Chinese prducts unattractive in the internatinal market(要点4), but nw ver-packaging has caused an increase f envirnmental pllutin(要点1), let alne a huge waste f mney n the packages and the treatment f the slid waste(要点2), and many mre trees being cut dwn fr the packages(要点3). Besides, ver-packaging helps cultivate an unhealthy cnsuming mentality(要点6). S, please remember that packaging shuld nt utshine what is inside(要点5).(75 wrds)
[范文解析]
范文把要点4放在缩写的开头，首先交代了过度包装的历史缘由，然后整合要点1，从而引出本文的中心论点。之后，范文的第一句又用一个衔接词let alne把作为分论点(论据)的要点2、3也整合在一个句子里面，这样就使得表述更加紧凑。然后，范文又把作为结论的要点6作为另一个论述的核心，并且用衔接词besides实现了与前文的连贯一致的表达。范文最后用s引出作者对过度包装的态度(要点5)，并结束了文章的缩写。这种安排显得自然而又流畅。
[提炼归纳]
1、关注对论述中心的提炼。议论文一般会在行文中表现出极强的观点或、态度或个人倾向，所以在通读全文的过程中，需要首先抓住文章的中心论点、论据以及各个部分之间的层次关系。同时，也必须关注作者的论述方法及写作特点。
2、强调论述的连贯一致性。由于议论文中有鲜明的观点或个人倾向性的表达，而且有时作者的写作又不一定是按照常规的方法进行，因而在缩写的时候，我们就需要分清事实、论据与论点，以及各个部分之间的逻辑关系，从而实现意义表达的连贯性。例如，范文对要点4与要点5的处理就是处于对表述时的意义连贯的考虑。
【写作演练】
1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Diet Cke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, n-fat diet, vegetable are surrunded by the wrd" diet" everywhere we lk and listen. We have s easily been attracted by the prmise and ptential f diet prducts that we have stpped thinking abut what diet prducts are ding t us. We are paying fr prducts that harm us psychlgically and physically.
Diet prducts significantly weaken us psychlgically. On ne level, influenced by diet prducts, peple tend t watch their weight rather than their diet. Diet prducts make us Jump ver the thinking stage and g straight fr the scale(秤)instead. All we have t d is t recgnize the wrd" diet" in fd labels in the supermarket. On anther level, diet prducts make peple believe that gain cmes withut pain, and that life can be withut resistance and struggle. Fr example, every time we have a zer-calrie drink, we are telling urselves withut ur awareness that we dn't have t wrk t get results.
The danger f diet prducts lies nt nly in the psychlgical effects they have n us, but als in the physical harm that they cause. Diet fds can indirectly harm ur bdies because cnsuming them instead f healthy fds means we are preventing ur bdies frm having basic nutrients. Diet fds and diet pills cntain zer calrie nly because the diet industry has created chemicals t prduce these wnder prducts. Diet prducts may nt be nutritinal, and the chemical that g int diet prducts are ptentially dangerus.
Nw that we are aware f the effects that diet prducts have n us, it is time t seriusly think abut buying them. Lsing weight lies in the pwer f minds, nt in the pwer f chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able t resist diet prducts, and therefre prevent the ptential harm that cmes frm using them.
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2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
These days, ftball is ne f the mst ppular sprts in the wrld. Given that Neil Armstrng wanted t take a ftball t the Mn, we culd even say that it is als the mst ppular sprt ut f this wrld! The histry f the game ges back ver tw thusand years t Ancient China. It was then knwn as cuju(kick ball), a game using a ball f animal skins with hair inside. Gals were hung in the air. Ftball as we knw it tday started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
That ftball is such a simple game t play is perhaps the basis f its ppularity. It is als a game that is very cheap t play. Yu dn't need expensive equipment; even the ball desn't have t cst much mney. All ver the wrld yu can see kids playing t their hearts 'cntent with a ball made f plastic bags; just like Pele did when he was a by.
Anther factr behind ftball's glbal ppularity is the creativity and excitement n the field. It is fun enugh t attract millins f peple. Yu d nt have t be a fan t recgnize the skill f prfessinal player-hw they use their bdies t pass, scre and defend can be amazing t see-r t feel the excitement f a game ending with a surprising twist.
What's mre, ftball has becme ne f the best ways fr peple t cmmunicate: it des nt require wrds, but everyne understands it. It breaks dwn walls and brings peple tgether n and ff the field. Take, fr example, the famus ftball game n Christmas Day 1914. Wrld War I had brken ut mnths befre, but British and German sldiers put dwn their guns and played ftball tgether-ne mment f peace t remember during years f cnflict.
“Sme peple believe ftball is a matter f life and death, “said Bill Shankly, the famus ftballer and manager. “I can assure yu it is much, much mre imprtant than that.” This might sund funny, but ne nly has t think abut the Earth t realize that ur planet is shaped like a ftball.
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3.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
Teenagers' fitness is nw a majr cncern and physical exercise is very imprtant. It reduces stress and imprves fitness. Exercise makes yur bdy strng and helps yu t keep the right bdy weight. Sprts scientists ffer the fllwing advice t teenagers: First, find ut yur present level f fitness. Then yu can design a prgramme that will help yu becme healthier.
There are three levels f fitness that need a change f lifestyle. ''Overweight'' means that the persn gets very little exercise and ften has a serius weight prblem. ''Inactive'' means that the persn des nt jin in many physical activities, but is nt seriusly verweight. ''Active'' refers t peple wh take part in sprts and ther physical activities, but d nt have a high fitness level.
Accrding t experts, verweight teenagers shuld wrk ut t keep healthy. Ride a bike, play vlleyball r basketball fr a while, and g fr a twenty-minute walk each day. All these will help t burn calries. Inactive teenagers shuld d similar activities, but add sme bending and stretching exercises, such as push-ups and sit-ups, starting with twenty f each a day. Inactive peple can take a little mre exercise than verweight peple because their bdies are strnger. The same rule is als suitable fr active teenagers.
Experts als suggest ne hur a week r mre n running and ther frms f intensive exercise, tgether with fifteen minutes a day spent n stretching and bending activities. They are really imprtant in rder t prevent injuries. Sme weight-training and ther bdy-strengthening exercises culd als be planned in the prgramme in rder t increase the persn's strength.
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4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The famus classical pianist, Kng Xiangdng, surprised his fans last week by giving a cncert cmbining classical music with Chinese flk music. Kng explained that he tried this because he wanted t create smething new." As a musician, playing the same music in different cities f the wrld is very bring, "says Kng. He als feels that playing Chinese flk music n the pian can help bring it t the rest f the wrld.
Music has always been part f Kng's wrld. As his mther was a great music lver, he lived with music frm birth. But it wasn't always easy fr the yung Kng Xiangdng. His mther culdn't buy him a pian until he was seven. She had t draw pian keys n a piece f paper s that he culd learn t play as early as pssible. The 5-year-ld Kng wuld practice n the paper pian as his mther clapped the rhythm. He was made t practice the pian s much that, at times, he thught abut giving up. Hwever, he didn't quit, and he became a great pianist. In 1986,at the age f 18,he became the yungest prize winner in Mscw's Tchaikvsky Internatinal Cmpetitin. He went n t win awards in cmpetitins acrss the wrld.
Because f Kng's talent and hard wrk, he became famus wrldwide. But after years f perfrming, he felt that in sme ways he had lst his identity. This is why he went back t his rts and rediscvered the beauty in Chinese flk music. He began experimenting with different styles and his Dream Tur Cncert is the result.
Kng's new experiment in Chinese flk music is s imprtant t him that he even changed his appearance. When he arrived at his cncert last week, he had shaved ff all his hair! Since his music style was new, he decided his hairstyle had t be new t!
Whether Kng is changing his appearance r transfrming his music, he is a pineer in music tday. The cncert last week was such a success that Kng's Dream Tur Cncert is expected t run fr the next tw years in Beijing, Shanghai, and ther main cities befre ging t Paris and New Yrk.
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5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Electric car sales arund the wrld rse by 54 percent in 2017, taking glbal stck acrss the three-millin threshld (门槛), the Internatinal Energy Agency (IEA) said in a reprt n Wednesday. In China, the wrld’s biggest market fr electric vehicles, sales als grew by abut half — but their market share remained small at 2.2 percent. In Nrway, electric vehicles have by far the wrld’s highest market share, with 39.2 percent, accrding t the IEA.
“Supprtive plicies and cst reductins are likely t lead t significant grwth in the market uptake f electric vehicles in the utlk perid t 2030,” the reprt said, If plicymakers hnr their current cmmitments t the envirnment, “the number f electric light-duty vehicles n the rad wuld reach 125 millin by 2030,” it added. And if plicy ambitins develp further, that number culd becme as high as 220 millin by 2030, it said. But the IEA said that in rder fr the cars f the future t vertake their petrl and diesel-pwered (柴油动力)cmpetitrs, gvernments will have t take the lead.
“The main markets by numbers (China) and sales share (Nrway) have the strngest plicy push,” the IEA said. “Lking ahead, the strngest current plicy signals cme frm electric car plicies in China and Califrnia, as well as the Eurpean Unin’s recent prpsal n CO2 emissins (排放)standards fr 2030. ”
The EU has cmmitted t cutting 40 percent f its greenhuse gas emissins frm 1990 levels, and t imprving its use f renewable energy by at least 27 percent. France, hme t Eurpe’s secnd-biggest car industry after Germany, has gne further by annuncing a plan t end sales f petrl and diesel vehicles by 2040, as part f an ambitius plan t meet its targets under the Paris climate accrd (条约). Electric vehicles use batteries instead f petrl r diesel fuel, thereby massively reducing their damage t the envirnment. But they are nt withut cntrversy (争论).
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答案与解析
1.【参考范文】
Nwadays we are bsessed with diet prducts, which turn ut bth physically and psychlgically harmful(要点1).First, we are tempted int paying mre attentin t ur physical weight than eating habits(要点2).Peple als tend t believe lsing weight is effrtless, thus causing psychlgical harm(要点3).Secnd, diet prducts bring abut physical harm, fr what they cntain are nt nutrients but ptentially dangerus chemicals(要点4).Accrdingly, we shuld think twice befre purchasing diet prducts and try t say gdbye t them(要点5).
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。讲述了目前人们对节食产品依赖的现象并指出节食产品对人们的身心健康都有危害，应该抵制节食产品。
文章第一段为总起句，“Diet Cke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, n-fat diet, vegetable are surrunded by the wrd" diet" everywhere we lk and listen. We have s easily been attracted by the prmise and ptential f diet prducts that we have stpped thinking abut what diet prducts are ding t us.”讲述了现在人们对节食产品的依赖，“We are paying fr prducts that harm us psychlgically and physically.”点出节食产品对我们的身心都有伤害。所以第一段的概括为“现在我们对节食产品很依赖，这种产品对我们身心都有伤害。”，即“Nwadays we are bsessed with diet prducts, which turn ut bth physically and psychlgically harmful”，第二段和第三段分别讲述节食产品对心理的坏处和对身体的坏处。
第二段从两方面论述节食产品对心理的坏处，第一方面是“On ne level, influenced by diet prducts, peple tend t watch their weight rather than their diet. Diet prducts make us Jump ver the thinking stage and g straight fr the scale(秤)instead. All we have t d is t recgnize the wrd" diet" in fd labels in the supermarket.”，讲述了人们更关注体重而不是自己的饮食习惯，第二方面是“On anther level, diet prducts make peple believe that gain cmes withut pain, and that life can be withut resistance and struggle. Fr example, every time we have a zer-calrie drink, we are telling urselves withut ur awareness that we dn't have t wrk t get results.”，讲述了人们认为减肥不用付出努力，节食产品从这两方面对我们的心理造成伤害，所以第二段的主旨大意为“First, we are tempted int paying mre attentin t ur physical weight than eating habits. Peple als tend t believe lsing weight is effrtless, thus causing psychlgical harm.”。
第三段“Diet prducts may nt be nutritinal, and the chemical that g int diet prducts are ptentially dangerus.”讲述了是因为节食产品可能没有营养，并且其中的化学成分可能有害，所以会对我们的身体造成伤害，所以第三段主旨大意为“Secnd, diet prducts bring abut physical harm, fr what they cntain are nt nutrients but ptentially dangerus chemicals.”。
最后一段号召我们戒掉节食产品，故主旨大意为“Accrdingly, we shuld think twice befre purchasing diet prducts and try t say gdbye t them.”
2.【参考范文】
Ftball enjys universal ppularity with a histry tracing back t Ancient China and its mdern rules riginating frm Great Britain. (要点1)Such ppularity lies first in the simplicity and lw cst f playing the game. (要点2)Creative ftball skills and exciting game atmsphere als cntribute t its ppularity. (要点3)Furthermre, ftball is a means f cmmunicatin beynd wrds, pwerful enugh t disslve barriers and prmte peace. (要点4) Accrdingly, ftball is mre than just a sprt. (要点5)(71 wrds)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了足球的历史可以追溯到古代中国，它的现代规则起源于英国。这种流行首先在于游戏的简单和低成本。创造性的足球技巧和激动人心的比赛气氛也有助于它的流行。此外，足球是一种超越语言的交流手段，它足以消除障碍，促进和平。因此，足球不仅仅是一项运动。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
3.【参考范文1】
Physical exercise plays a significant rle in teenagers' fitness. Teenagers are advised t identify their fitness level t design a health prgramme.(要点1)''Overweight'', ''inactive'' and '''active'' are the three levels f fitness that urge ne t change his lifestyle. (要点2) In additin t calrie-burning exercises that verweight teenagers shuld d, inactive and active teenagers are advised t exercise mre due t their strng bdies.(要点3) Furthermre, intensive exercise is vital t injury-preventin while bdy-strengthening exercises help build up ne's physical strength.(要点4) (79 wrds)
【参考范文2】
Physical exercise is beneficial t teenagers' health. Teenagers are advised t figure ut their fitness level and make a plan t keep fit. (要点1) There are three levels f physical states, namely ''Overweight'', ''Inactive'' and ''Active'', which urge a change f lifestyle. (要点2) Accrding t different fitness levels, experts suggest teenagers d calrie-burning exercises, bending and stretching exercises. (要点 3)Besides, intensive exercise and bdy-strengthening exercises are recmmended t avid injuries and build up ne's strength. (要点 4) (73 wrds)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。文章主要讲述了青少年健康水平的三种分类，以及每种水平的青少年应该通过什么方式来保持健康。
通读全文，我们可以从以下四个方面对文章进行总结：体育锻炼对青少年的健康非常重要，所以青少年要了解自己的健康水平，并以此制定健康计划；超重、不活跃以及活跃是促使一个人改变生活方式的三个水平；除了超重的青少年要进行燃烧卡路里的运动外，不活跃和活跃的青少年也被建议做更多锻炼来增强体质；此外，为了避免受伤以及增强体力，密集型锻炼和增强体质的锻炼是必需的。
4.【参考范文】
Kng xiangdng, a classical pianist perfrmed the classical music cmbined with Chinese flk music in his cncert in rder t bring Chinese flk music t the whle wrld. (para.1) Influenced by his mm, Kng xiangdng learned t play the pian frm an early age but his way t success is nt an easy ne. Due t his talent and great effrts, he became renwned wrldwide by winning many great awards in cmpetitins.(para.2)Years f perfrming classical music make him lse his wn rt and identity, s he turned t Chinese flk music. (para.3&4) Kng xiangdng is regarded as the pineer in music fr his new experiments with different music styles.(para.5)
【解析】
这是一篇概要写作。
写作步骤
1)细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要介绍了古典钢琴家孔向东在他的音乐会上表演了古典音乐与中国民族音乐的结合，目的是把中国民族音乐带到全世界。在母亲的影响下，孔祥东从小就学会了弹钢琴，但他的成功之路并不容易。由于他的才华和努力，他在比赛中赢得了许多大奖，蜚声世界。多年的古典音乐表演让他失去了自己的根基和身份，于是他转向了中国的民族音乐。孔祥东尝试了不同的音乐风格，被认为是音乐的先驱。
2)弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3)列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
5.【参考范文】
The year 2017 saw an imprvement in sales f electric vehicles arund the wrld. Supprtive plicies and cst reductins will cause significant grwth f electric cars in 2030, accrding t a new reprt. T reduce pressure n the envirnment, many cuntries have taken varius measures t imprve CO2 emissins standards. Althugh they use batteries rather than petrl and diesel fuel, electric vehicles are still cntrversial.
【解析】
对于内容概要型的写作题目，可以逐段总结段落大意，从中梳理文章的整体架构和论述方式，继而整合出完整的内容概要。
第一段主要讲述了2017年世界范围内电动汽车市场取得了显著的发展，可以写为：The year 2017 saw an imprvement in sales f electric vehicles arund the wrld。
第二段主要讲述了国际能源署在报告中预测了电动汽车的前景非常乐观，相关的扶持政策和成本的降低可以使得电动汽车到2030年取得显著发展，可以写为：Supprtive plicies and cst reductins will cause significant grwth f electric cars in 2030, accrding t a new reprt。
第三段和第四段主要讲述了包括欧盟在内的多个国家和地区，都制定了碳排放的标准以减少对环境的不利影响，而电动汽车尽管比较环保，仍然处于很大的争议之中。可以写为：T reduce pressure n the envirnment, many cuntries have taken varius measures t imprve CO2 emissins standards. Althugh they use batteries rather than petrl and diesel fuel, electric vehicles are still cntrversial.
综合来看，本文就是围绕着电动汽车的发展现状和前景展开的一篇新闻报道，根据国际能源署的报告，2017年电动汽车的发展迅猛，且未来的前景也非常乐观，节能减排是世界范围内的大势所趋，但尽管如此，电动汽车仍然备受争议。这样将文章大意梳理清楚后，就可以整合各段的大意写成最终的内容概要。