【讲练一体】中职英语 高教版（2021）拓展模块 单元讲练 Unit 1 Taking a training course（知识串讲+跟踪训练）（原卷版）

Unit 1 Taking a training course 知识串讲重点单词重点短语重点语法语法一：感叹句感叹句用来表示赞赏、喜悦、惊奇等强烈情感的句子。感叹句由what 、how来引导。1、What 引导的感叹句, 中心词为名词。What +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！注意：用a还是用an是以形容词的发音决定。What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What a careless boy you are! 你真是一个粗心的男孩！What an old building that is！那是一栋多么破旧的楼房!What an honest girl Marry is! 玛丽是一个多么城市的女孩啊！What an interesting film it is! 多么有趣的电影啊！What +形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！what thick snow we are having here！我们这儿的雪多厚啊！What noise they are making! 他们太吵了！What strange clothes he is wearing! 他穿的衣服可真奇怪啊！What hard-working boys they are! 多么努力的男孩们啊！What red apples! 多么红的苹果啊！2、How 引导的感叹句。中心词为形容词或副词。How +形容词 /副词 +（主语+谓语）！How disappointed ! How exciting a football match is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊！How happily he plays! 他玩得多开心啊！How dangerous the animals are! 这些动物真危险啊！How dry the weather is! 天气真干燥啊！How +主语+谓语！How time flies！时光飞逝啊！/光阴似箭！How it blows! 风刮得真大啊！【例1】_____ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road!A. What B. Why C. How D. Where解析：C考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意为：在繁忙的道路上快速骑行是多么危险啊！感叹的中心词是dangerous是形容词。it为主语，is为谓语动词。所以该感叹句中心词。符合How +形容词/副词+（主语+谓语）结构。故选C【例2】— ______ hard work you have done!— It's very kind of you to say so.A. What B. How C. What a D. How a解析：A考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意“你真努力学习啊！”句中“hard work”中心词是work，是不可数名词，符合What +形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）结构。故选A【例3】______ beautiful weather! Let’s go for a picnic.A. How B. What C. Where D. Why解析：B考查感叹句中引导词的选择。句意“多好的天气啊！我们去野炊吧！”句中，中心词是天气weather，是名词。符合What +形容词+不可数名词+（主语+谓语）结构。故选B一、情态动词的概况情态动词只有情态意义，即它所表示的是说话人对动作的观点，例如：需要、可能、意愿或怀疑、义务、许可等语气。常用的情态动词包括can、could、may、might、must、have to、shall、should、ought to、will、would、need、had better、dare等。情态动词有以下特征：1） 在形式上，情态动词无实义动词的各种变化，只有could，would，should，had to ，might 等几个有过去式，其他如must，ought to 等的过去式皆与现在式同形。2） 在意义上，大多数情态动词有多个意义，多个情态动词也可表达同一个意义，要注意其用法的区别。3） 在用法上，情态动词与助动词一样，英语中的情态动词主后面接动词原形，构成谓语动词，其否定形式为直接在后面加not（带to的情态动词需在to前面加not）。 语法二：情态动词一、情态动词的基本用法1. can/could 的用法（1） 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。例如：I can speak three languages. 我能说三门语言。I could ride a bike when I was five years old. 我五岁时就会骑自行车了。Can you lift this heavy box? 你能挪动这个笨重的盒子吗？（2） 表示许可、请求或提议。例如：You can borrow my bike tomorrow。 你明天可以借我的自行车。Can you lend me a hand? 你可以帮我一把吗？I can/could help you if you have any problem. 如果你遇到问题了，我可以来帮你。※在表请求或提议时，could没有can 肯定，语气更加委婉些。（3） 表示推测，表示客观可能性，意为“可能”。例如：If it's raining tomorrow, the sports can put off. 如果明天下雨，运动会可能会延期。The moon can’t always be at the full. 月亮不可能常圆。This book can't be Tom's. I know it's Sam's. 这本书不可能是汤姆的。我知道它是山姆的。（4）could 与完成时态连用，“可能已经……” ;意为：本来可以…….但实际上没有，用于肯定句中。例如：It could have been seen from here if it had not been so dark. 如果天不那么黑，你可能从这儿望见它的。Jane could have come to the party earlier, but she lost the way. 珍妮本来早点到派对的，但是她迷路了。.can’t /couldn’t 与完成时态连用“不可能做了……”,表对过去已经发生的动作或状态进行比较确切的推测。He can’t have finished his homework. 他不可能完成他的家庭作业了。2. may/might的用法（1）表示许可。例如：A student may go out if he finishes the work. 完成了作业的学生可以出去。— May I borrow five books? 我可以借五本书吗？— Of course. 当然可以了。（2）表示推测，意思是“可能”。表可能时，might 表示比may 还小的可能性，而不是may 的过去式；同时表责备时只用might。例如：He may know where the book is. 他可能知道书放在哪里了。He might like the gift, but I'm not sure. 他或许会喜欢这个礼物，但是我不太确定。You might ask before you borrow my car. 你可以先问问我再借我的车子嘛。（含责备）（3）may表示祝愿。例如：May you have a good time.祝你愉快。May you succeed! 祝你成功！（4）may/might 与完成时态连用，（也许已经做了……）；may/might not 与完成时态连用（也许没有做……）：对过去已经发生的动作进行推测。例如：She might have gone to Beijng. 她也许已经去了北京。The light was on the whole night. She may not have finished her work. 灯亮了一整晚，她也许还没完成她的工作。3. must的用法（1）表示义务，“必须”，must强调主观需要，用于现在或将来，用于肯定句和疑问句中。 例如：You must talk to your daughter about her future 你必须和你女儿谈谈未来。You must come and see us when you are in London.你到伦敦了必须来看我们（2）must表推测，意思是“一定、肯定、想必”等（只用于肯定句中，在否定 句和疑问句中，用can）。例如：He has worked all day, so he must be very tired. 他工作了一天，所以他一定很累了。— It can't be Lily. She is still doing her homework. 一定不是莉莉，她还在做家庭作业呢。— Who can it be? 那可能是谁呢？（3）mustn't 表示禁止；在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.例如：—Must we hand in our exercise books today? 今天我们必须交练习本吗？—Yes, you must. 是的，必须—No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 不，不必You mustn't smoke here. 此处禁止吸烟。He must not leave his room。他不允许离开他的房间。（4）must 与完成时态连用，（想必，一定做了……）：对过去已经发生的动作进行推测。例如：The classroom is very clean now. It must have been cleaned. 教室现在非常干净，一定是打扫过了。It is six o'clock, she must have come home . 现在已经是六点，她一定是到家了。4. shall/should/ought to 的用法（1）shall用在疑问句中，征求对方意见、请求，用于第一、第三人称。例如：Shall we meet at 6 o'clock? 我们6点钟见面好吗？Shall he go with us, Mum? 妈妈，他可以和我们一起去吗？（2）should表示义务、劝告等，表达说话者的观点，意思是“应该”；作为shall的过去式，在表示征求对方意见时，同样用于第一、第三人称。例如：You should get up earlier if you don't want to be late again. 如果你不想再迟到，就应该早点起床。I asked the secretary if I should make an appointment with the manager. 我问秘书我是否可以和经理预约。（3）ought to 表示义务、责任。例如：You oughtn't to drive after drinking. 你不应该酒后驾车。.Look at what you have done! You ought be more careful. 看你干的事情，你应该更加仔细。（4）should/ought to 与完成时态连用时，用于肯定句，表示应该完成但未完成的动作；用于否定句，则表示不应该完成但已完成的动作，例如：He looks very ill, He should have stayed at home . 他看样子病得很严重，本应该待在家里。You shouldn’t have helped the lazy man. 你不应该帮这个懒惰的人。5. will/would的用法（1）will表示意愿、愿望、决心等，would 用于过去。例如：I will never do that again. 我再也不会那样做了。He said he wouldn't come. 他说他不愿意来。（2）在与you连用表请求时，would 比will语气更加委婉。例如：Will you work with me? 和我一起工作好吗？Would you please take a seat and have a cup of coffee? 请坐，喝杯咖啡好吗？（3）would 与完成时态连用，，表示对过去发生的事情的假设，意为“本来想做，要做但没做”。He would have done better to pass the exam.他要是能通过这场考试就更好了。 I would have told you all about the boy’s story. 我本该告诉你关于这个男孩的故事的※多个情态动词都可以表示推测的意义，但在表达推测的可能性上有强弱的区别，其由弱到强的排列顺序为： might（可能）＜may（可能）＜could（可能）＜can（可能）＜should（应该，很有可能）＜ought to（应该，很有可能）＜would（很有可能）＜will（很有可能）＜must（一定）※常用于表否定推测的情态动词，其由弱到强的排列顺序为：might not（可能不）＜may not（可能不）＜couldn't（不可能）＜can’t（不可能）6. need的用法need可做情态动词，也可做实义动词，用作情态动词时，它只有一种形式。接动词原形，做实义动词时，它有动词的全部形式。（1）作为情态动词表示需要、必须，只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中，而在肯定句中要常用must/have to/ought to /should替代。例如：1．You needn’t come so early. 你没必要来这么早。2. ---- Need I finish the work today? 今天需要完成这份工作吗？ ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是的，必须完成。/不，没必要（2）needn’t 与完成时态连用，表不需要完成但已完成的动作.例如： 　　You needn’t have bought it. 你没必要买它（但你却买了）。You needn’t have returned the bike, for I didn’t use it these days. 我这几天不用自行车，你本可以不必还回来。7. dare的用法:既可做情态动词，也可做实义动词，用作情态动词时，它只有一种形式。接动词原形，作实义动词时，它有动词的全部形式。（1）作为情态动词，意为“敢”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。例如：How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平？。You will be punished if you dare break the traffic rules. 如果你敢违反交通规则，你会受到处罚的。（2）作为实义动词，意为“敢”，有人称和数的变化，在肯定句中需要加to，否定句和疑问句中可省略to。例如：Sam dares to go to school by himself. 山姆敢独自一人上学。Tom doesn't dare (to) swim in the swimming pool. 汤姆不敢在游泳池里游泳。8. had better的用法（1）had better主要用来给对方提建议，意思是“最好……”，后面直接跟动词原形，否定形式直接在better 后面加not。例如：You'd better drink more water in summer. 夏天你最好多喝水。You'd better not tell him the reason. 你最好不要告诉他原因。（2）had better + have done（当时最好……），had better not + have done（当时最好没有……）：事后的建议，略带责备的意思。例如：You had better have missed the flight. 你当时错过了那班航班就好了。You had better not have given up and you must be the winner. 你当时没有放弃就好了，那冠军一定是你了。二、含有情态动词的反义疑问句1. 基本规则一般情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分仍重复该情态动词。例如：You can do it by yourself, can't you? 你可以自己做，是吗？He couldn't help me, could he? 他不会帮助我，对吗？2. 陈述部分有must（1）must表示“必须”、“有必要”，疑问部分可用mustn't/needn't。例如：You must finish the task in two hours, mustn't/needn't you? 你必须在两小时内完成这项任务，是吗？（2）must 表示“推测”，疑问部分应去掉must，即与陈述部分的谓语动词一致。例如：She must be Chinese, isn't she? 她一定是中国人，对吗？（3）mustn't表示“禁止”、“不允许”，疑问部分可用must/may。例如：You mustn't smoke here, must/may you? 此处禁止吸烟，知道吗？（4）must have done 表示对过去的推测，当陈述部分有明确的过去时间时，疑问部分用过去式；如果没有明确的过去时间状语，则用haven't/hasn't。例如：You must have known the news yesterday, didn't you? 你昨天已经得知了这个消息，是吗？You must have known the news for some days, haven't you? 你已经得知这个消息几天了，是吗？3. 陈述部分有have to, 疑问部分借助don't。例如：She has to go to school on foot today, doesn't she? 她今天不得不走路去上学，是吗？4. 陈述部分有ought to, 疑问部分借助oughtn't/shouldn't。例如：You ought to go to school early, oughtn't/shouldn't you? 你应该早点去上学，知道吗？5. 陈述部分为you'd better, 疑问部分用hadn't you。例如：You'd better put on your coat, hadn't you? 你最好穿上外套，知道吗？【例1】 — Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party.— He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have left B. must have left C. can’t come D. won’t be coming解析：B 本题考查情态动词与完成时态连用。题意：—李林应已经出发了吗？他说他会参加这个派对的。—他肯定已经出发了，他是一个信守承诺的人。这是对已经发生的事情非常肯定的推测，故用must have done。注意must表推测时，不能用于否定句和疑问句中，故选B【例2】______ you please tell me the way to the post office?A. Must B. Need C. Would D. Should解析：C 本题考查情态动词辨析。题意：你能告诉我邮局怎么去吗？Would you please ...是向对方提出请求或询问时常用的婉转而有礼貌的句型，故选C【例3】— Where is John? — He _____ in the library.A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been解析：B 本题考查情态动词辨析。题意：—约翰在哪里？—他一定是去图书馆了。must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。A选项“应该；“ C选项是“可能”；D选项是对过去发生的事情的推测。 和本题时态不符合， 故选B【例4】 Don't forget to attend the meeting on time tomorrow morning.A. I won't B. I don't C. I can't D. I haven't解析：A 本题考查情态动词will的用法。题意: 不要忘了准时参加明天早上的会议。will 表示意愿、意志、决心。I won't 意为“我决不会（忘记）”，故选A。【例5】I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.A. must B. have to C. may D. had to解析：D本题考查情态动词的辨析。题意为:我错过了最后一班公交车，我不得不走路回家。 have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。根据句意，应用have to ,通过“missed”判断整句时态为过去时态，故选D.跟踪训练序号英文词性中文序号英文词性中文1adj.学术的11n.会计2adv.适当地，合适地12n.录取 3n.基本原则 13n.客户4n.证书，文凭14n.会议5n.确认，证实15n.电子商务6n.手势;姿势17adj.电子的7n. 演讲，讲座18adj.中级的8v.登记，注册 19n.实习工作;实习期9adj.(地位，级别)较高的20n.需求,必要条件10adj.初级的序号英文短语中文释义序英文短语中文释义1大学入学考试13毕业典礼2报名14专注于3多久15参加4申请16填写一、单项选择1．—One of the greatest scientist, Stephen William Hawking died on March 14th. —__________terrible news! We are all sorry to hear that.A．What a B．How a C．What D．How2．—Is that Mr. Zhang?―No, it ________ be him. He has gone to his hometown for holiday.A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t3．—What do you think of the program I am a singer Ⅲ ?—______ exciting program it is! I like it very much.A．What a B．How C．What an4．Space is beautiful and full of mystery. I can’t tell you _______ amazing it is.A．how B．what C．what a D．what an5．________ fine weather! Many people are singing and dancing in the park.A．How B．What C．What a6．—Must I give up drinking coffee, doctor?—No, you _________. Drinking coffee is good for your health.A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t7．– Shall I tell Tom about it?– No, you _______. I’ve told him already.A．needn't B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t8．—Where is Jean?—I’m not sure. She __________ be in the laboratory.A．mustn’t B．may C．must D．can’t9．—Who is talking with our math teacher Mr. Zhang?—It________be our math monitor Li Lei. But I am not sure.A．must B．can C．need D．may10．_______ a wonderful time they _________ in the park at this time yesterday afternoon!A．What; had B．What; were havingC．How; had D．How; were having二、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。My friends and I joined a two-day survival (生存) training course in the mountains. The first day was really ____11____ there was so much to do! Arriving at the camping site, we were divided into groups and given a tent, some food, a ____12____ and a compass (指南针). Standing next to a small river, Fanny suggested camping in the grassy area nearby. However, our instructor, Mr. Lee, pointed out that it might flood if it rained. In the end, we found a ____13____ area. Putting up the tent was very hard. ____14____, Mr. Lee helped us a lot. By the time we had put up the tent, ____15____ was really hungry. “We wouldn’t have got this hungry if we had brought some snacks,” Peter said. We all told him to ____16____ complaining and help us start a fire to cook our food instead. Realizing we were having trouble making the fire, he finally helped out.The next day started early. Woken by a strange noise, Peter went to see what was ____17____. “Some cows have eaten our breakfast!” he shouted. “That’s all because you didn’t put away the food properly last night,” said Mr. Lee. Worried that Mr. Lee would be ____18____ us, we tried very hard on our next task—using the map and compass to find a secret location. We made it to the location ____19____ the other groups did. We all felt very proud of _____20_____.The survival training course was great. Now I feel I could survive anywhere!11．A．boring B．different C．difficult D．helpful12．A．map B．book C．knife D．light13．A．bigger B．higher C．lower D．nearer14．A．Suddenly B．Usually C．Actually D．Luckily15．A．everyone B．someone C．no one D．anyone16．A．start B．continue C．stop D．try17．A．developing B．following C．happening D．beginning18．A．angry with B．proud of C．patient with D．interested in19．A．before B．until C．when D．after20．A．themselves B．yourselves C．himself D．ourselves三、阅读单选21．Who are the courses for?A．Primary school students. B．Coaches over 18 years old.C．Volunteers under 18 years old. D．All the community doctors.22．How long does the course on June 5th last?A．30 minutes. B．4 hours. C．7.5 hours. D．8 hours.23．How many ways can people register the course in?A．One way. B．Two ways. C．Three ways. D．four ways.24．What can we learn from the text?A．You can take the course only on May 14th.B．90% persons feel sad every day for two weeks.C．The course can’t help parents and their children.D．You don’t need to pay for the course.25．Where is this passage most probably from?A．A science report. B．A community website.C．A school board. D．A travel guide.Welcome to Health First Aid CoursesWHO: For any community member, volunteer, coach or parent (must be over 18 years old) who communicates with young people.WHAT: Youth Mental(心理) Health First Aid is an 8-hour course about young people’s common mental health.SUBJECTS: How to help young people actively experiencing a mental health crisis(危机) WHEN:May 7th & 14th        •5 pm — 9 am            *must attend bothJune 5th                •8 am — 4:30 pm        *30 minutes lunch breakJune 17th                •9 am — 4:30 pm        *working lunchAdd: Green AvePublic Library—300NGreen Ave.Registration(登记): http://mentalhealth.comOR send an email to Jessica Brown @highchools.orgOR visit Ms Brown’s office—3500 Mountain Li DrGreen Ave.WHY:—1 in 10 persons in the community feel sad or hopeless every day for two weeks.—Youth who have an adult to go to for help are less likely to hurt themselves.＊＊Training is valued at $170 and offered at no cost thanks to the Project Mental Health＊＊