高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后复习题

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters课后复习题，共6页。试卷主要包含了 d________， e________， r________， s________等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I. 根据所给单词的首字母、词性及英文释义写出该单词。
1. d________
n. a lng perid when there is little r n rain
2. e________
n. a sudden serius and dangerus event r situatin which needs immediate actin t deal with it
3. r________
n. the act f saving smebdy / smething frm a dangerus r difficult situatin
v.t save smebdy / smething frm a dangerus r harmful situatin
4. s________
n. (a building designed t give) prtectin frm bad weather, danger r attack
v. t prtect yurself, r anther persn r thing, frm bad weather, danger r attack
II. 写出下列句子中画线单词的词性及中文释义。
1. pwer
① He was s shcked by what had happened that he lst the pwer f speech.
________ ________
② I think the earthquake is a reminder f the pwer f nature.
________ ________
2. fld
① It's been raining fr days and there's a real danger f flds if it desn't stp sn.
________ ________
② Heavy rains and verflwing rivers have flded hundreds f twns and villages.
________ ________
③ Salt water flded nt the land, making it useless fr farming.
________ ________
III. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子（每空一词）。
1. D yu happen t have any medicine ________ ________ (在手边)? I seem t have a headache．
2. ________ ________ ________ (远离) windws r trees during strng windy weather.
3. Remember t ________ ________ (保持冷静) when yu find yurself in danger.
PART 2 Reading and Thinking
I. 根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
1. One third f peple were still t________ under the ruins.
2. Suddenly the e________ went ff and we were in cmplete darkness.
3. The huse was b________ under ten feet f snw.
4. Peple cannt live up there because the air is t thin and there is nt enugh xygen t b________.
5. The building s________ serius damage during the earthquake.
6. Thanks t their e________, the building was saved frm the fire.
II. 英汉互译。
1. I'm in shck — I can't believe what has happened.
______________________________________________
2. 这座古老的宫殿在战争后沦为废墟。
______________________________________________
3. 没有水，生命将会终结。
______________________________________________
4. Experience is the mther f wisdm.
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PART 3 Discvering Useful Structures, Reading fr Writing, Assessing Yur Prgress & Vide Time
I. 为下列句子中的画线单词选择合适的英文释义。
1. They were walking alng the shre when a huge wave appeared ut f nwhere, sweeping them ut t sea.
2. In case f a fire we shuld wave brightly-clred clthes ut f the windw t catch the attentin f firemen.
3. Army helicpters are taking fd and ther supplies t places that are difficult t reach by rad.
4. Judy's huse was struck by lightning during the strm.
5. It is reprted that the plane crashed int trees in a wded area.
6. The strike caused a cstly delay in delivering the gds.
7. We are starting t see the negative effects f climate change.
a. t cme sharply int cntact with smething
b. t hit smething, ften making a lud nise r causing damage
c. a change that is prduced in ne persn r thing by anther
d. the things such as fd, medicines, fuel, etc. that are needed by a grup f peple
e. t take smething smewhere
f. t raise yur arm and mve yur hand frm side t side in rder t make smene ntice yu
g. a raised line f water which mves acrss the surface f an area f water, especially the sea
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____
6. _____ 7. _____
II. 用适当的关系代词填空。
1. The rainstrms ________ have struck 13 twns since June are a test f lcal gvernments' gverning ability.
2. They are trying their best t evacuate thse ________ are in danger.
3. Every year, there are big r small disasters ________ happen in different parts f the wrld.
4. The peple ________ huses were damaged are in need f help.
5. The fire ________ brke ut last night destryed all the cntents in the huse.
6. The by is lking fr the man by ________ he was rescued during the fld.
答案
PART 1
I. 1. drught 2. emergency 3. rescue 4. shelter
II.
1.①名词；能力 ②名词；力量
2.①名词；洪水 ②动词；淹没 ③动词；大量涌入
III. 1. n hand 2. Stay / Keep away frm 3. stay / keep calm
PART 2
I. 1. trapped 2. electricity 3. buried 4. breathe
5. suffered 6. effrts
II.
1.我很吃惊，我不相信所发生的事情。
2.The ld palace was in ruins after the war.
3.Withut water, life wuld cme t an end.
4.经验是智慧之母。
PART 3
I. 1-5 gfdab 6-7 ec
II. 1. that / which 2. wh 3. that / which 4. whse
5. that / which 6. whm
第二步 知识应用
I. 用本单元所学语法和词汇完成下面短文。
A vlcan is a muntain r hill with an pening thrugh 1. ________ gases and lava (熔岩) frm the center f the Earth can escape int the air.
An active vlcan can erupt at any time and extinct vlcanes (死火山) are vlcanes 2. ________ have stpped erupting. There are abut 850 active vlcanes in the wrld. Abut sixty 3. p________ are in an area called the Ring f Fire in the Pacific Ocean.
In 79 CE, Munt Vesuvius in Italy erupted, 4.d________ the Rman city f Pmpeii. The wrst vlcanic 5. ________ (灾难) in the twentieth century was in Martinique, a French island in the Caribbean Sea. A vlcan called Munt Pelée near the twn f St Pierre erupted n the mrning f 8th May, 1902. Of the 30, 000 peple in the area, just tw 6. s________.
Nwadays, scientists usually knw when a vlcan is ging t erupt. The 7. ________ (erupt) f the Pinatub vlcan in 1991, 100 kilmeters nrthwest f Manila in the Philippines, was ne f the largest f the twentieth century. But thanks t the scientists' warnings, mre than 100,000 peple were evacuated befre the vlcan erupted.
II. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hi, Lisa,
I'm writing t tell yu abut my experiences during the vacatin. They were awful.
My parents had made the 1. ________ (decide) that they wanted t g smewhere warm fr the new year mnths befre the vacatin. We had lked at lts f places n the Internet and 2.________ (final) chse a tw-week vacatin in Asia. I preferred 3. ________ (stay) in a huse n the beach, but my parents bked a beautiful htel n a hill. The night befre the disaster, we went fr 4. ________ walk n the beach and ate smething in a small restaurant facing the sea. Then we 5. ________ (g) t bed early. The next mrning we gt up quite late. Hwever, when we were abut t g ut, we heard peple 6. ________ (shut): “Tsunami! Tsunami!” I had never heard the wrd “tsunami” befre, s I had n idea 7. ________ it was. Later, I fund that it was an enrmus wave 8. ________ (cause) by an underwater vlcan r earthquake. The disaster destryed the buildings n the seafrnt, including the little restaurant 9. ________ we had had dinner the night befre. And we felt s 10. ________ (luck) t be alive.
What abut yur vacatin? Lking frward t hearing frm yu sn!
Yurs,
Tania
答案
I. 1. which 2. that / which 3. percent 4. destrying 5. disaster 6. survived 7. eruptin
II. 1. decisin 2. finally 3. t stay 4. a 5. went 6. shuting 7. what 8. caused 9. where 10. lucky
第三步 语篇特点
一般——具体语篇模式
本文在第一段和第三段均使用了“一般—具体”语篇模式。下面我们以第一段为例来介绍该语篇模式的特点。
从结构上来分析，本段由两部分组成，首句Strange things were happening in the cuntryside f nrtheastern Hebei是一个概括性的说明。从第二句开始，一直到本段的倒数第二句为止，都是在列举各种异常现象的发生。也就是说，是strange things控制着后面所列举的各种具体现象。
从功能上来分析，“一般—具体”语篇模式中的概括部分统领后面的细节描述性部分。如果删除概括部分的内容，后面的多个细节描述部分就会变成一盘散沙，成为不连贯的、不成文的乱句；反之，如果删除多个细节描述部分的某一个，根本动摇不了概括部分所陈述的主旨信息。
思考：请运用上述关于“一般—具体”语篇模式的知识，同学们来分析一下第三段中所用的“一般—具体”语篇模式的特点。
第四步 主题写作
如何用英语写新闻摘要
新闻摘要写作是对一篇新闻主要内容的提炼和浓缩，要求学生通过阅读，能理解新闻的主要内容、提炼其关键信息并能概括归纳其要点。这种写作方式既要求学生有准确的理解能力，又要求学生具有高度的概括能力。
新闻摘要写作一般分为以下四个步骤：
第一步：阅读新闻，摘选关键信息。
通过对新闻内容的仔细阅读，掌握新闻的主要内容和篇章结构，摘出新闻中事件发生的时间、地点、起因、结果以及可能的后续活动等。
第二步：总结新闻各段主旨大意。
概括总结新闻每段的中心意思，按照顺序列出要点，只保留新闻中的主要事实，省略不必要的事实细节和事例。
第三步：组织语言。
尽可能用自己的语言进行表达，可以借鉴使用原文的某些词语和句子。摘要的长度往往是原文本的三分之一，内容只包括文本中重要的信息或事例。摘要不需要加入自己的感情色彩和评论。
第四步：修改内容，定稿作品。
根据上述步骤的要点列出详细的写作提纲，拟出初稿，然后修改。对初稿的修改包括：
1. 看要点是否齐全，观点是否一致；
2. 精简摘要中出现的不必要的词汇、短语或长句子；
3. 确认拼写、语法和标点符号无误，语言简洁明了。
写作任务 阅读下面新闻，然后写一篇摘要。
Rainstrms hit Suth China
BEIJING (Xinhua, June 10, 2020) — The rain-triggered (雨引发的) flds in Suth China had affected sme 2.63 millin peple in 11 prvincial-level regins (地区) as f 2 pm Tuesday, the Ministry f Emergency Management said. The heavy rains had frced the evacuatin f abut 228,000 peple, destryed mre than 1, 300 huses and brught direct ecnmic lsses f ver 4 billin yuan, the Ministry said.
Since June 2, heavy rains have hit large parts f Suth China, bringing accumulated precipitatin (累计降水量) f 100 t 300 mm in sme regins.
Affected by the rainstrms, 110 rivers in eight prvincial-level regins have seen water levels exceed (超出) the warning line, the Ministry said.
In suthern Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin, ver 1 millin peple have been affected by flds. As f 7 pm n Mnday, six peple have been killed and ne is missing after days f rain. In central Hunan prvince, seven peple have been killed and ne is missing as f Tuesday.
Lcal gvernments have called fr mre preparatins ahead f the new rund f heavy rain and natural disasters that may fllw.
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写作指导
该新闻报道了我国南方持续暴雨天气导致多地受灾的事件。通过分析，我们可以发现第一段清晰地列出了新闻报道的时间（6月10日）、地点（我国南方地区）、起因（雨水引发的洪水）、结果（11省级地区受灾，损失严重）。第二段介绍了6月2号以来暴雨逐渐加强，危害增强。第三段阐述了暴雨对当地河流造成的影响。第四、五段分别讲述了对广西壮族自治区和湖南省带来的危害以及当地政府的呼吁。
本新闻摘要可分以下三部分来写：
第一部分：交代事件发生的时间、地点、起因及结果等。
第二部分：暴雨带来的各种危害。
第三部分：当地政府的呼吁。
范文展示
Heavy rainstrms have hit Suth China since June 2, 2020, causing 2.63 millin peple in 11 prvincial-level regins t be affected: abut 228,000 peple had t be evacuated; ver 1,300 huses were destryed and the direct ecnmic lss was ver 4 billin yuan.
Water levels f 110 rivers in the stricken regins have exceeded the warning line and lcal peple have suffered a lt. In Guangxi Zhuang Autnmus Regin, six peple have been killed and ne is missing due t the rain. In Hunan, seven have died and ne is missing.
Lcal gvernments have called fr mre preparatins.