新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第2讲　题型突破——推理判断题

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第2讲　题型突破——推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。推理判断题主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。它所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。根据近几年高考真题来看，推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度为高频考点，而推断下段内容、文章出处、读者对象为低频考点。
技法一　隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(得出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
1.What can we infer frm...？/What can be inferred can we learn abut...？/What d we knw f the fllwing best
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·D片段)Everywhere in Sydney these days，change and prgress are the watchwrds(口号)，and traditins are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings.“Sydney is cnfused abut itself，” she said.“We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne.It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving(解决).”
On the ther hand，being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins.I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny.“Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry，” he tld me.“What peple frget is that the Italians，when they came t Australia，brught 2，000 years f their culture，the Greeks sme 3，000 years，and the Chinese mre still.We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry.It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”He is right，but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
34.What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?A.It is lsing its shuld speed up its shuld expand its is becming mre internatinal.
推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第一段中的“ are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald，the city’s fficial histrian，tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s，Sydney swept aside much f its past，including many f its finest buildings.”，揣摩此细节可知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35.Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?A.A city can be yung and ld at the same time.B.A city built n ancient cultures is mre is usually achieved at the cst f shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
推理判断题。依据题干定位细节，即上文第二段中的“On the ther hand，being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins.I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny.”和最后一段中的“He is right”，揣摩此细节可知，作者赞同Anthny的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
技法二　观点态度题——“忠于措辞”定选项所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。
1.Why did the authr like t...？/What des the authr think f...？/Why des the authr wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t...？/Which f the fllwing best is the authr’s attitude
解此类试题常用“忠于措辞”法。解题流程如下：
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段)Althugh ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt，the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) n emtin by emplyers，educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday life.
34.What is the authr’s attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?A.Favrable. D.Unclear.
观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，psitive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。
技法三　写作意图题——文体特点推意图各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The authr writes this passage in rder t ________.(2)The purpse f the text is t ________.(3)What is the main purpse f the passage?(4)The authr f the stry wants/intends t tell us that ________.
2.某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The authr the first paragraph t ________.(2)The authr uses the example _________________________.(3)The authr writes the last paragraph in rder t ________.(4)In writing paragraph 1，the authr aims t ________.
解此类试题常用“文体特点推意图”法。解题流程如下：
(2020·天津·D片段)After years f bserving human nature，I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance：curisity and discntent.I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either.And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth.The tw belng tgether.
Tgether，these deep human urges(驱策力)cunt fr much mre than ambitin.Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund.Like Galile，all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent，“Why? Why? Why？”Frtunately，curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned.We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man，”said Mencius(孟子)，“is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.”Yet mst f us d lse it.We stp asking questins.We stp challenging custm.We just fllw the crwd.And the crwd desires nly the calm and restful average.It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner，t avid flish leaps int the dark，t be satisfied.Mst f us meet new peple，and new ideas，with hesitatin.But nce having met and liked them，we think hw terrible it wuld have been，had we missed the chance.We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start？Mdestly，s as nt t becme discuraged.I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself.She was curius abut hw the experts did it.Nw she is ne f the experts，writing bks n flwer yu start，remember there is n better time t start than right nw，fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
51.In writing paragraph 1，the authr aims t a definitinB.make a cmparisnC.reach a cnclusinD.present an argument
写作意图题。本文是一篇议论文，按照“文体特点推意图”法，此篇议论文开篇明义，阐述了作者对成功人士必备品质的看法，下面各段都是围绕着这一看法展开的，故选D项“提出论点”。
技法四　文章出处题/读者对象题——内容细节巧判断文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象。
1.Where can the text be fund?2.Where is this text mst likely frm?3.In which sectin f a newspaper may this text appear?4.Wh may the text be intended fr?5.Wh is the passage mainly written fr?6.Wh are the mst pssible readers f the passage?
解此类试题常用“内容细节巧判断”法。解题流程如下：
(2021·全国甲·A片段)Take a view，the Landscape(风景) Phtgrapher f the Year Award，was the idea f Charlie Waite，ne f tday’s mst respected landscape phtgraphers.Each year，the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
23.Where can the text be fund?A.In a histry bk. B.In a an art magazine. D.In a bigraphy.
文章出处题。依内容判出处，本文主要介绍了“Take a view”年度风景摄影师大赛的背景以及2011年和2014年的获奖作品信息，结合选项可知，这类文章应该出自艺术杂志。故选C。
A(2022·T8联考)Have yu ever spent half an hur searching the Internet which，as yu find ut afterwards，lasted three hurs，r pened a bk shrtly after breakfast and a little while later nticed that the rm was getting darker?
Mst peple can remember experiencing such a state.Yur mind wasn’t wandering；yu were ttally fcused and cncentrated n that activity，t such an extent that yu were nt even aware f yurself.Psychlgists call these fully absrbing experiences flw states，which were discvered and named by a wrld-famus psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi.His celebrated bk Flw：The Psychlgy f Happiness became an instant best-seller，making its way t the tp self-help classics.
The state f flw happens under very specific cnditins—when we encunter a challenge that is testing fr ur skills，and yet ur skills and capacities are such that it is just abut pssible t meet this challenge.S bth the challenge and the skills are at high levels，stretching us almst t the limit.If challenges exceed skills，ne can becme anxius.If skills exceed challenges，we usually becme bred.Neither f these tw cases result in flw.
What is als interesting in flw is the almst ttal absence f emtins during the actual prcess.One seems t be almst beynd experiencing emtins，mst likely because the awareness f self is nt present.Mihaly himself is als very much aware f the ptential negative impact f the flw.One philspher nce describes his wn experience f flw：“When I get ttally invlved in the cnversatin，I am nt aware f myself，the wrld arund r the passage f time.Smetimes，I may becme addicted t that existence，unwilling t cpe with ther daily rutines f life，like frgetting dinner，and saying gdbye t my children.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了“心流状态”的含义，发生的条件以及缺点。
1.What is the purpse f paragraph 1?A.T ffer a general backgrund f the make an verall utline fr the intrduce the tpic f the clarify the definitin f the tpic.
写作意图题。根据第一段内容和后文内容可推知，第一段的目的是为了引出“心流状态”这一文章主题。故选C。
2.In which f the fllwing experiences can we enter “flw state”？A.Adpting a with thers.
推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可推知，四个选项中只有“下棋”可以考验我们的技能，而我们的能力也可以应对这个挑战，能让我们进入“心流状态”。故选C。
3.What can we infer frm the third paragraph?A.The state f flw is little at nrmal schls ften get at high levels push us t the play the mst imprtant part in flw.
推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句可推知，天才属于技能超过了挑战，所以在普通学校经常感到无聊。故选B。
4.Why des the writer qute the philspher’s wrds?A.T shw the drawbacks f the stress the value f self- underline the absence f indicate the difficulty f enjying the flw.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Mihaly himself is als very much aware f the ptential negative gdbye t my children.”可推知，作者引用哲学家的话是为了表明“心流状态”的缺点。故选A。
BThe Suth Ple has been warming at mre than three times the glbal average ver the past 30 years，accrding t research led by Ohi University prfessr Ryan Fgt，and Kyle Clem，wh is a current pstdctral research fellw in climate science.Accrding t the study，this warming perid was mainly driven by natural trpical(热带的) climate variability and was mst likely strengthened by increases in greenhuse gases.
Clem and his team analyzed weather statin data at the Suth Ple，as well as climate mdels t examine the warming in the Antarctic interir(内陆).They fund that between 1989 and 2018，the Suth Ple had warmed by abut 1.8℃ ver the past 30 years at a rate f ＋0.6℃ per decade—three times the glbal average.
The study als fund that the strng warming ver the Antarctic interir in the last 30 years was mainly driven by the trpics，especially warm cean temperatures in the western trpical Pacific Ocean that changed the winds in the Suth Atlantic near Antarctica and increased the delivery f warm air t the Suth Ple.They suggest these atmspheric changes alng Antarctica’s cast are an imprtant mechanism driving climate anmalies(异常事物) in its interir.
Clem and Fgt argue that these warming trends were unlikely the result f natural climate change alne，stressing the effects f added warming related t human activities n tp f the large trpical climate signal n Antarctic climate have wrked tgether t make this ne f the strngest warming trends wrldwide.
“Frm the very beginning，Kyle and I wrked very well tgether and were able t accmplish mre as a team than we were individually，”Fgt said.“We have published every year tgether since 2013，with ne f ur cntinuing cllabratins being the annual State f the Climate reprts.Our wrk n this prject tgether each year ultimately led t this publicatin dcumenting the warming at the Suth Ple.Hwever，mst imprtantly fr my family and me，apart frm being a fantastic scientist and cllabratr，Kyle is als cnsidered as ne f ur clsest friends.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极地区气温异常增高及其原因。
5.What is the majr cause f the Suth Ple’s warming accrding t the research?A.The weather f f greenhuse trpical climate change.
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，研究发现南极气温异常升高主要是因为热带地区的气候变化。故选D。
6.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?A.The trpical climate signals in the Antarctic effect f human activities n the warming detailed explanatin fr the Suth Ple’s unpleasant cnsequences f natural climate change.
段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，太平洋西部热带地区海洋温度升高改变了靠近南极洲的南大西洋风向，进而向南极输送了更多温暖的气流，由此造成了南极变暖。因此可知，本段主要是对南极变暖的详细说明。故选C。
7.Which f the fllwing des Fgt mst prbably agree n?A.Cperatin is valued in scientific science paper published is is mre imprtant than supprt plays a key rle in science.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Frm the very beginning，Kyle and I the warming at the Suth Ple.”可知，Fgt和好友的研究成果的取得离不开他们的合作。由此可知，Fgt非常看重科学研究中的合作。故选A。