新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第7讲　常考话题一　科普知识类

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题1　第7讲　常考话题一　科普知识类，文件包含新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义新高考版第1部分阅读理解与阅读七选五专题1第7讲常考话题一科普知识类pptx、新高考英语二轮复习新高考版第1部分阅读理解与七选五专题1第7讲常考话题一科普知识类教师版docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共36页， 欢迎下载使用。
常考话题一　科普知识类
科普知识类说明文是高考阅读理解中的重难点题材，考生往往在这类文章中失分严重，因此，考生需要了解科普知识类文章的主要特点和命题方式。
科普知识类说明文长难句居多，题目往往是推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，考生在扩大词汇量的同时，还需要努力增强分析长难句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具体答题策略如下：
(2019·全国Ⅰ·C)As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn，the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces.At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key.The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus，the keybard can determine peple’s identities，and by extensin，whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with.Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.In a study describing the technlgy，the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard.Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed，with very lw errr rates.The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive，plastic-like parts.The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，对用户信息起防护作用的技术如指纹扫描等的市场正在增长，但这些技术仍然很昂贵。本文介绍了一种具有类似功能的新型低成本设备——智能键盘。
28.Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?A.T reduce pressure n imprve accuracy in replace the passwrd cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh.”和第二段第一句“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem：a smart keybard.”可知，研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低e-space保护的成本。故选D。
29.What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?A.Cmputers are much easier t scanning techniques develp patterns vary frm persn t security measures are guaranteed.
细节理解题。根据第二段的“The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses.These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus，the keybard can determine peple’s identities...”可知，因为每个人的打字方式不同，使得智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。
30.What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?A.It’ll be envirnment-’ll reach cnsumers ’ll be made f ’ll help speed up typing.
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.”可知，研究者们希望智能键盘能早日投入市场销售。故选B。
31.Where is this text mst likely frm?A.A diary. B.A guidebk.C.A nvel. D.A magazine.
文章出处题。本文介绍了一种新型低成本设备——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是与科技有关的文章，结合所给选项可知，本文可能出自一本杂志。故选D。
A(2022·山东德州联合质量测评)Biprinting is medically and bi-technlgically equal t 3D printing.By using the same principles，the aim is t rapidly develp living structures similar t human-grwn rgans and tissue that can be used t heal peple r test new drugs.
Of curse，printing bilgical tissue is much mre cmplex than building a mechanical part.There are cmplex layers f cells in living tissue.Biprinters use biink made frm cells，bichemical nutrients and bilgical stands t supprt cells in an exact rder.Biinks have t perate under cnditins that are suitable fr living，grwing tissue，s they cannt really be printed at temperatures that tp bdy temperature.
Perhaps the simplest frm f biprinting is inkjet printing. Biink is sprayed thrugh tiny tubes s it has t be almst liquid and this limits the bilgical materials that can be printed.Mst 3D printers perate by squeezing material thrugh a pipe and biprinters can use squeezing t，thugh care has t be taken nt t damage cells thrugh extreme frce.Other techniques such as laser-assisted biprinting r electrspinning(静电纺丝) are incredibly exact and can be used with thicker biinks，but they are mre tricky t use with living cells and nt as rapid r able t create large quantities f tissue.
Once the biprinter has dne its wrk，the pst-prcessing stage begins.Bireactr systems are ften emplyed t help the tissue grw up.They can be used t cpy the frces and bichemical supprt that tissue needs t grw and differentiate crrectly.Biprinting may be a relatively new field but the results s far are encuraging.Stem cells，which have the ptential t turn int several types f cells，are being used t create bne.Organ printing can imprve the health f sciety in general by wiping ut the prblem f diseases caused by rgan failure，
cstly treatments and scial care.That prmise may be years away frm realizatin but rapid prttyping(原型技术) enabled by biprinting is pushing medical advances frward at pace.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍生物打印的所需材料、实施过程和相关用途等告诉读者生物打印的发展很有前景。
1.What des the underlined wrd “they” in paragraph 2 refer t?A.Cells. D.Bilgical stands.
代词指代题。根据第二段最后一句可知，生物墨水必须在适合的条件下工作，所以它们不能在高于体表温度的状况下打印。由此可推知，画线词they指代的是生物墨水。故选B。
2.What shuld we pay attentin t when using biprinting?A.The srt f human thickness f frce f rder f cells.
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，生物打印机也可以通过挤压原料的方式运作，不过要注意不能过度用力，否则会损坏细胞。故选C。
3.What can we infer frm the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?A.The prcess f biprinting is systems tend nt t damage 3D printers limit the bilgical biprinting can prduce much tissue.
推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段可知，喷墨印刷是最简单的生物印刷形式。生物打印机通过挤压原料的方式运作。其他技术，如激光辅助生物打印或电纺也非常精准。一旦生物打印机完成工作，生物反应器系统经常会被用来帮助组织生长。由此可知，生物打印的过程是切实可行的。故选A。
4.Which is the suitable title fr the passage?A.Biprinting Cures Diseases f PepleB.Biprinting Is Similar t 3D PrintingC.Biprinting Gets Care frm ScietyD.Biprinting Has Much Ptential
标题归纳题。根据文章最后一句并且结合全文内容可知，本文通过介绍生物打印的所需材料、实施过程和相关用途等告诉读者生物打印技术很有前景。因此，D项适合作本文标题。故选D。
B(2022·浙江金华十校模拟)Human innvatin(创新) has allwed peple t explre space fr decades.Within a space statin，astrnauts have enugh air，fd and water t cmplete missins f a year r lnger withut a resupply.But missins t further reaches f space are a different matter.Establishing a base n the mn r sending humans t Mars seems just n the hrizn.That can nly happen if innvative and flprf ways are develped t supply humans with enugh air，water and fd.
One cmpany，Interstellar Labs，has develped an advanced，clsed lp system that can grw plants anywhere，even in space.They call their AI managed greenhuses BiPds and they are designed t be very efficient.In fact，Interstellar Labs claims that BiPds reduce the amunt f land and water needed t prduce fd by 99 percent.That is nt an impssible claim.BiPds dn’t use any sil t grw plants，and the vast majrity f water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grwn inside BiPds using aerpnics，the practice f hanging plants in the air and spraying a mist f nutrient-rich water n their rts.By using aerpnics，the BiPd system carefully cnserves water with amazing results.Accrding t Interstellar labs，BiPd-grwn plants are up t 300 times mre prductive than traditinally grwn plants，using nly a small amunt f water.
The cnditins inside f a BiPd are cntrlled by AI，which can change anything frm the lighting t the temperature and humidity t maximize grwth.This ptimizes(使最优化) grwing cnditins n matter what the envirnment is utside，including the emptiness f space.The BiPds themselves can be built in almst any envirnment，t.The pd’s structure is made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid frm.The inside part is sealed with an inflatable membrane(充气膜) that is als 3D-printed.This means that a BiPd culd be built right n the surface f the mn r Mars，
making transprting a large structure unnecessary.Like mst technlgies develped fr space explratin，BiPds can als be used n Earth t prvide highly efficient fd prductin systems even in the harshest envirnments.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一家公司开发的一种名为BiPd的可以在太空中种植植物的先进闭环系统。
5.In writing paragraph 1，the authr aims t a tpic B.make a cmparisnC.reach a cnclusin D.prpse a definitin
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及下文对可以在太空种植植物的先进闭环系统的介绍可推断，作者写作第一段是为了引出主题。故选A。
6.Which f the fllwing best describes BiPds?A.They are widely used fr space are highly prductive and efficient are easy t perate withut need fr sil r are designed t be used in harsh envirnments n Earth.
细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句和第三段最后一句可知，BiPds是高产和高效的温室。故选B。
7.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A.Fd Cnsumptin in Space StatinB.Space Explratin with BiPdsC.Grwing Fd in Space PdsD.3D Printers Used in Space Lab
标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一家公司开发的一种名为BiPd的先进的闭环系统，可以在太空种植植物，为宇航员提供食物。C项概括了文章主要内容，故选C。