备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit4SpaceExploration新人教版必修第三册，共7页。

Fr thusands f years，lack f sufficientdataresultsin the fact that space is still a mystery t us. Mankind keeps an ngingdesire fr space explratin， hping t figureut hw stars and planets perate， althugh sme peple argue that we shuld stp wasting mney n it， which is a rather shallw belief. Intelligent peple have always attached great imprtance t universe explratin inthehpef discvering mre resurces， which n earth are limited and runningut.
Decades ag， many scientists were determined t make space flight cme true with special vehicles. With the first satellitelaunched and rbiting arund Earth successfully， Yuri Gagarin became the first astrnaut t be sent int space. After that， Neil Armstrng succeeded in stepping nt the mn，signaling a giantleap fr mankind. Despite sme disappinting failures， human beings are still keen t carryn explring universe sast learn its secrets.
After sending humans int space independently in 2003， China has made great prgress beynd expectatins — Tiangng 2 dcked with Tianzhu 1， Chang’e 4 landed n the mn， and s n.
1 determinevt.查明；确定；决定
1.She determines t carry （carry） n with her educatin independently.
2.[外研必修③－2]This insight grew frm the determined （determine） attitude f a six-year-ld by wh had the curage and perseverance t make his dream a reality.
3.[外研选必③－1]What impress me mst are her curage， skill and determinatin （determine）...
4.家庭教育对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。（个人观点）
Family educatin plays an imprtant part in determining a persn’s character .
5. Determined t reach the finish line （决心冲向终点线）， he ignred the pain frm his bleeding ankles and ran as fast as his legs culd carry him.（读后续写之动作描写）
2 desiren.渴望，欲望 vt.渴望；期望
1.[外研必修③－5]Research als suggests that ur desire t seek （seek） risks can be cnnected t hw much we expect t benefit frm the result.
2.[外研选必③－2]There is greater public interest in ld stries and traditins， as well as a desire fr high-quality prducts.
3.After a few mnths， her nly desire is that her sn （shuld） recver （recver） frm the serius illness.
点拨
desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"shuld＋动词原形"形式，shuld可省略。
4.如果你渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。
（邀请信）
→①If yu desire t cmmunicate fluently with freigners in English ，I appeal t yu t jin ur Spken English Crner right away. （desire v.，不定式）
→②If yu have a strng desire that yu （shuld） cmmunicate fluently with freigners in English ， I appeal t yu t jin ur Spken English Crner right away. （desire n.，that从句）
点拨
appeal t sb. fr/t d sth. 呼吁某人做某事；appeal t sb.还可意为"对某人有吸引力"，例如：The design has t appeal t all ages and scial grups.设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
3 signalvt.标志着，表明（indicate）；表示，表达 vt.&vi.发信号 n.信号；标志（sign）；信号灯
1.A plice car drew abreast（并排） f us and signaled us t stp （stp）.
2. The mment the bell signal（l）ed （铃声一响起）， Richard rse t his feet， seized his schlbag and rushed ut f the classrm like an arrw. （the mment引导的时间状语从句）（读后续写之动作描写）
点拨
注意signal可直接加-ed或-ing，也可以双写l后再加。signal（l）ed； signal（l）ing。
3.司机小心地抱起受伤的男孩，把他安置在车后排，不顾路边的红绿灯，赶紧把他送到医院。（读后续写之动作描写）
The driver carefully picked up the injured by， settled him in the back f the car and rushed him t the hspital， ignring the traffic signals alng the rad .（分词短语作状语）
4 lackn.缺乏；短缺 vt.没有；缺乏
1.[人教选必①－4]His lack f eye cntact when talking with peple shws that he lacks cnfidence.
2.They gave up carrying n the plan fr lack f mney.
3.Thugh Jack was lacking in experience， he made up fr it by wrking extra hard.
4.由于个人信息的泄露和频繁的高科技诈骗，在这个信息时代，我们似乎缺乏安全感。
→①Because f the leak f persnal infrmatin and frequent high-tech fraud， it seems that we lack a sense f security in this infrmatin era. （lack v.）
→②Because f the leak f persnal infrmatin and frequent high-tech fraud， it seems that we are lacking in a sense f security in this infrmatin era. （lacking）
→③The leak f persnal infrmatin and frequent high-tech fraud seem t cause a lack f a sense f security in this infrmatin era. （lack n.）
5 arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩 vi.争吵
1.Recently the cuple have argued with each ther a great deal since they have different analysis n the mystery.
2.[人教选必②－3] Put mre simply， while peple cntinue t argue abut/ver whether r nt fatty fd is dangerus， we already knw that sugar is a killer.
3.The wrkers managed t argue their bss int giving them a pay rise.
点拨
注意int为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。
4.[北师选必③－7]Yu and yur parents are having an argument （argue） abut yu staying ut late n Friday night.
点拨
注意argue变成名词时，去-e再加-ment。
5.Sme students think that wearing unifrms saves a lt f time fr them.（正反观点）
→ Sme students argue that wearing unifrms saves a lt f time fr them.（词汇升级）
6.Currently， 60％ respndents argue fr （支持） garbage classificatin and peple wh argue against （反对） it are in the minrity.（正反观点）
6 attachvt.系；绑；贴；附上
1.[北师必修①－3]Next， the Chinese character Fu was attached upside dwn t ur frnt dr.
2.[外研选必④－1]As stated in my attached （attach） CV， I can speak bth English and French fluently.
点拨
句意：如所附简历所述，我能流利地说英语和法语。 CV在此表示"简历"，相当于resume。
3.Generally， children are mre attached （attach） t their mther than their father.
4.她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着"母亲节快乐"。
She fund a bx lying n the table with a card attached t it ，saying "Happy Mther’s Day".
5.学校应该重视学生的全面发展，而不仅仅是他们的成绩。（个人观点）
Schls shuld attach significance/imprtance t students’ all-rund develpment rather than nly their grades.
点拨
be attached t中t为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。
7 carryn继续做，坚持干（keep，cntinue，gn，stickt）
1.[外研选必①－3] was be t shrt， t thin and t weak t fllw in his father’s ftsteps. But Stephen carried n . Playing basketball was his dream.
2.Carry n exercising （exercise） and yu will be in gd shape.
3.Lacking sufficient xygen， the astrnaut culd nt carry n with the missin.
4.If yu cntinue wrking like that， yu will break dwn sner r later.
→If yu carry n wrking like that， yu will break dwn sner r later.（词汇升级）
8 resultin导致，造成（cause，leadt，bringabut，cntributet，accuntfr）（后跟结果）
1.[北师选必①－3]Reduced rainfall in Canada resulted in a huge frest fire in May 2016.
2.[译林选必②－1]There have been a number f changes t the Pulitzer Prizes ver time. Sme f these resulted frm advances in technlgy.
3.Kids will feel that parents dn’t care and， as a result （结果）， may see n pint in trying hard fr their accmplishments.
点拨
常见的表示结果的衔接词语还有：s， therefre， cnsequently， as a cnsequence， thus， hence， accrdingly等。
4.毫无疑问，人类活动造成了恶劣的环境。
→①There is n dubt that human activities result in the bad envirnment . （result v.）
→②There is n dubt that the bad envirnment results frm human activities . （result v.）
→③There is n dubt that the envirnment becmes wrse as a result f human activities . （result n.）
9 runut用完，耗尽（beusedup）；（文件）过期，失效（物作主语，无被动语态）
1.Tm started t run after Jerry at the sight f him， s Jerry had t run away . Jerry was s nervus that he ran int a tree accidentally after a few minutes’ chase. Finally， their strength ran ut .
2.I ran thrugh the text message in a hurry， nt understanding a wrd f it.
3.我们的汽油快用完了，所以我们不得不在加油站停下来，在那儿我们又偶然遇见了那个男人。
We were running ut f petrl /Our petrl was running ut ， s we had t stp at the filling statin， where we ran int/acrss the man again .
点拨
run ut （f）常用进行时表示将来。run ut为不及物动词，通常物作主语；而run ut f后可跟宾语，通常人作主语。
10 动词不定式作后置定语
1.[人教必修②－3]She realised that ne f the greatest benefits f the Internet was its ability t remve （remve） the distance that usually exists between peple.
2.The first persn t arrive （arrive） was Tny Garcia frm Clmbia， clsely fllwed by Julia Smith frm Britain.
3.There was n signal in that faraway village and all my attempts t cntact （cntact） yu failed.
4.我个人认为，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。（申请信）
Persnally， I think I am the best persn t take up the jb .
前缀pr-/pre-/fre-
本单元：pr-（在前，向前）＋-ced-（行走，前进）＋-ure结果→前面经过的历程→prcedure程序；步骤；手续
拓展：
其他表示"在前，向前"的前缀：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.N ne culd have freseen that things wuld turn ut this way. It is s surprising！ v.预见
点拨
see"看"，fresee→提前看到→预见。
2.[人教选必④－2]The Eiffel ’t always s ppular. In fact， in 1886， just after its cnstructin was first prpsed， many were strngly against it. v.提议
点拨
-ps-"放置"，词尾＋e ，prpse→提前摆放出来→提议，打算。
3.[2022全国乙]Hwever， we all witness that preschl children are remarkably bad at hiding.They ften cver nly their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest f their bdies expsed. adj.学龄前的
点拨
schl"学校"，preschl→上学前的→学龄前的。
4.Nne f us can fretell what lies ahead， s what we can d is t value every mment f ur lives. v.预言，预测，预知
点拨
tell"说"，fretell→预先说→预言。★determine t d sth.决定做某事（强调动作）
★determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的
be determined t d sth.决心/决定做某事（强调状态）
★determinatin n.决心；坚定
★"决定做某事"的表达还有decide t d sth.， make up ne’s mind t d sth.等。
★have a （strng） desire fr sth./that...（shuld） d sth.（强烈）渴望得到某物/……做某事
a desire t d sth.做某事的愿望
★desire （sb.） t d sth.渴望（某人）做某事
desire that... （shuld） d sth.渴望……做某事
★desirable adj.可取的，值得做的
★signal （t） sb. t d sth.示意某人做某事
signal （t sb.） that示意（某人）……
★traffic signals/lights 红绿灯
★（a/the） lack f... 缺乏……
fr lack f... 因缺乏……
n lack f... 不缺……
★lacking adj.缺少的，不足的
be lacking in... 缺少……
★argue with sb. abut/ver sth.就某事与某人争吵/争论
argue that主张/认为……
argue fr/against （ding）sth.赞成/反对（做）某事
argue sb. int/ut f ding sth.说服某人做/不做某事
★argument n.争论，争吵；论点
have an argument with sb. abut/ver sth.就某事与某人发生争吵/争论
★把……系/绑/贴/附在……上
attach （great） imprtance/significance/value t认为……（极为）重要/有价值
★attached adj.热爱……的；附属的
be attached t喜欢，依恋；附属于
★attachment n.附件；附属物；拥护；爱慕
★carry n with/ding sth.继续做某事
carry sth. n＝carry n sth.继续某事
★result frm由……造成（后跟原因）
★as a result结果
as a result f由于……
★run ut f （＝use up）用完（人作主语）
run away （frm...）逃离；避开
run fr 竞选
run after 追求；追逐
run int 撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）；途中遭遇（恶劣天气）
run acrss偶然遇到；穿过
run thrugh 快速阅读；迅速传遍
★当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next/nly/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。
★动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way， time， ability， chance， ambitin， anxiety， belief， attempt等。