备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版选择性必修第二册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit1ScienceandScientists新人教版选择性必修第二册，共6页。
Once upn a time， a severe disease brke ut in a small cuntry， making peple easily infected and casting a shadw n their life. At first， peple suspected it was linkedt sme kinds f animals，blaming thse wh ate them r killed them fr mney. But sme didn’t subscribe t this view. Medical wrkers acrss the cuntry went t jin in the fight，defending the cuntry with their lives. They tk effective measures，handled every case f infectin immediately and，abve all， never gave up n anyne. Thanks t their selfless effrts， peple wh came dwn with the disease sn recvered， and the number f infectin cases decreased in a shrt time. Everything was a slid prf that they did a wnderful jb in the fight against thevirus.
1 blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
1.[人教选必②－1]He was t blame （blame）fr the accident because he drve n the wrng side f the rad.
2.Sme experts blamed the death f all the plants n a certain rare disease.
3.不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，你更需要的是自我反思。（建议信）
→①Dn’t always blame yur wn failure n thers ； what yu need mre is self-reflectin.（blame v.）
→②Dn’t lay/put the blame fr yur wn failure n thers ； what yu need mre is self-reflectin.（blame n.）
4.由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭。（读后续写之情感描写）
Blamed fr the failure f the perfrmance ， Tim felt seized by a burst f sadness and culdn’t help crying bitterly.
点拨
高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查：
（1）t blame作表语时要用主动形式表示被动意义；
（2）通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查；
（3）blame后的介词既可以用n又可以用fr，n后跟责怪的对象， fr后跟责怪的原因。
2 linkn.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
1.[北师选必②－6]They realise that it des nt matter hw attractive the idea linked with/t the prduct is — mst peple knw and anticipate that the main purpse f the advertisement is t make custmers buy the prduct.
点拨
本题解题前应先分析句子结构，"linked with/t the prduct"在hw引导的从句中作后置定语，修饰从句的主语idea。本题实际上考查的是的被动结构。
2.早在两千多年前，古丝绸之路就把中国和中亚的一些国家联系起来了。
The ancient Silk Rad linked China t/with sme cuntries in Central Asia as early as ver 2，000 years ag.
3.研究者发现经常在外吃饭与体重的增长有直接的联系。
Researchers have fund that there is a direct link between eating ut frequently and the increase in weight.
3 decreasen.减少；降低；减少量 vt.&vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低（reduce）
1.Cmpared with last year， the price f wheat has decreased by 15％ this year.
2.Frtunately，the number f cyclists running the red light is n the decrease.
点拨
run the red light闯红灯。
3.There are fewer and fewer pr peple in China with its ecnmy grwing rapidly.
→The number f pr peple in China is decreasing/n the decrease with its ecnmy grwing rapidly.（用decrease替换）
点拨
表示"减少、降低"的意思时，decrease既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。
4 defendvt.&vi.保卫；防守 vt.辩解
1.[北师必修①－2]Many martial arts were invented because peple needed t defend themselves （they） r prtect thers.
2.[外研选必①－6]In additin t blgging， taking phts and writing articles abut the reef， he made a number f appearances n televisin t argue in favur f its defence （defend）.
3.The dam was built t defend the rad frm being washed （wash） away by the sea.
点拨
本题解题时不要一看到介词frm就下意识填washing，分析句子结构并结合句意"建这个水坝是为了防止路被海水冲走"可知，应用被动结构be dne，介词frm后用动词-ing形式。
4.看到那条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。（读后续写之动作描写）
→①Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed t defend his sn like an arrw. （defend）
→②Seeing the fierce snake， he rushed in defence f his sn like an arrw. （defence）
5 breakut（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始；爆发
break ut take place happen cme abut ccur
1.[译林选必②－1]A terrible fire brke ut n Sunday night， leaving the Hendersn Twer seriusly damaged.
2.Hw did it cme abut that yu failed t turn up in time yesterday？
3.[译林必修①－4]The surgery tk place mre than a mnth ag， but Ella Edwards still suffers frm daily pain.
4. [北师必修②－5]I am a strng swimmer and very used t swimming in the sea. One day last year， hwever， smething terrible happened/ccurred t me.
点拨
break ut，take place，happen，cme abut均可表示"发生"，均为不及物动词（短语），没有被动语态。
break ut指火灾、战争、打斗等不愉快事件突然开始，爆发。
take place常用来指按计划发生的事，不用于被动语态。
happen常带有偶然的意味，此时用物作主语（可与ccur互换），不用于被动语态；还可意为"碰巧，恰好"，通常用人作主语，此时不能用ccur代替。
cme abut多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常与hw连用来要求对方说明或解释事情发生的缘由。
6 cmedwn患（病）；染上（小病）；降落，落下；崩塌，坍塌；下降，降低
1.给下列句子中的画线部分选择合适的英文释义
A. t get an illnessB. t fallC. t break and fall t the grundD. t get lwer
①The wind blew hard and the rain came dwn in sheets. B
②The ceiling came dwn with a terrific crash. C
③The price f gas is cming dwn. D
④I think I’m cming dwn with flu. A
2.Yu’re encuraged t imagine the difficulties and challenges yu may cme acrss and hw yu culd vercme them.
3.[人教必修②－4]At night， the stars cme ut t tell us that all is well and my village grws quiet.
4.[人教选必②－1]Mst great scientists have the ability t see the wrld in ways that ther peple d nt， and t cme up with new ideas that ther peple have never thught f.
5.谈到英语学习，我有下面这些实用的建议要分享。（建议信）
When it cmes t English learning， I have the fllwing practical suggestins t share.
7 abveall最重要的是；尤其是
1.abve all first f all after all all in all
① Actually， it is nt easy t get used t a cmpletely new life. First f all ， she had t learn hw t use public transprt.
②[译林必修②－2]These types f exercise all play a rle in a healthy rutine. Abve all ，chse activities yu enjy because， in this way， yu’re mre likely t stick with them.
③[人教选必③－2]T reach the gal f change， a persn must shw sme discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all ， it is nt easy t break bad habits.
④[人教选必②－4] All in all ， their trip frm Vancuver t Trnt had taken a duratin f fur days.
2.我精通英语，非常了解中国的茶文化，最重要的是，我很擅长与他人沟通。（申请信）
I have a gd cmmand f English and knw China’s tea culture very well and abve all， I’m really gd at cmmunicating with thers .
8 have＋宾语＋宾补
1.[人教必修②－3]Rather than ging ut t stres weekly r even daily， mre and mre peple rder things frm clthes t tys t fds nline and have them delivered （deliver） directly t their hmes.
2.In cld winter， we always have the fire burning （burn） day and night t keep warm.
3.[外研必修②－5]He’s s cl！We’re ging t keep in tuch， s I nw have smene t practise （practise） French with！
点拨
本题易误填practising。解答本题时不要一看到此处是"have＋宾语＋动词"结构，就下意识填practising。分析句子结构且结合句意可知，have在此句中意为"有"，而不是使役动词的"使"，故此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词smene。类似的表达还有：have a lt f wrk t d， have n friends t play with（注意不要忽略介词）等。
4.因为每个人的时间都是有限的，所以我们都应该珍惜时间，努力实现自己的梦想。
（读后续写之主旨升华）
Since everyne’s time is limited， we’re surely suppsed t cherish it and wrk hard t have ur dreams realized .
5.非常抱歉让你等了我这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。（道歉信）
I am terribly srry fr having yu waiting fr me fr s lng ，because I had an urgent thing t attend t just nw.
前缀de-
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的含义。
1.Wrk in the hme is ften ignred and devalued. 降低……的价值，贬低
2.Sme peple spread untrue messages r defame thers， and such behavir will lead t a bad reputatin f the victims. 诬蔑，诽谤，中伤
3.Tw thirds f the regin has been defrested in the past decade， which puts the animals here in danger. 砍伐树林
4.He was fined fr defacing library bks， which made his parents angry. 损伤……的外观 ★be t blame （fr...）（因某事）应受责备；应（为……）承担责任
blame sb. fr （ding）sth.责备某人（做了）某事
blame sth. n sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
★bear/take/accept/shulder the blame fr sth.为某事承担责任
put/lay the blame fr sth. n...把某事的责任归咎于……
★把……和……连接/联系起来
There is a link ……和……之间有联系。
★表示"联系"的短语：be related t，be assciated with， be invlved in， be cnnected with等。
★decrease （frm...） t...（从……）减少到……
decrease by减少了……
n the decrease在下降中，在减少中
★increase表示"增长；增加"，与decrease的用法相同。
★
保护……免受……
defend neself为自己辩护；自卫
★defencen.防御，保卫
in defence防御，保卫
in defence f为了保护……
in ne’s defence为某人辩护
★defensive adj.防御的，戒备的
★cme acrss（偶然）遇见；偶然发现
cme ut（太阳、月亮或星星）出现；盛开；出版
cme up走到跟前；被提及
cme up with提出
when it cmes t...当谈及……
★after all毕竟；终究
all in all总而言之，总的说来
first f all首先，第一
★have＋宾语＋d sth.：省略t的不定式作宾补，表示"主语使/让宾语干某事"。
★have＋宾语＋ding：表示"让……一直做某事"，现在分词作宾补，表示持续的动作或状态。
★have＋宾语＋dne：表示"使某事被做/请人做某事/主语遭遇某事"。