备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit6Earthfirst外研版必修第二册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit6Earthfirst外研版必修第二册，共6页。
Recently，the earth has been suffering severe disasters due t human activity， such as drught and fld， which causeamuntsf damage. Frtunately， everyne can cntribute t a greener earth. Here are a few suggestins we canadpt t help reduce the release f carbn dixide.
When we dn’t use electrical appliances such as the bulb， the TV， the cmputer and ther devices， unplug them immediately. Please use renewable energy if pssible， fr example，slar r wind energy. Taking white pllutinint accunt， we shuld use sme reusable bttles r bags. Besides，there shuld be mre campaigns t urgeeveryne t devte themselves t prtecting the earth. There is n need t ask frpermissin t take actin. S let’s d smething right nw！
1 devtevt.奉献；把……用于；致力
1.[外研选必④－1] After Sherlck Hlmes made him a husehld name， Dyle gave up medicine and devted himself entirely t writing （write）.
点拨
devte neself t （ding）sth.致力于（做）某事，其中t 是介词。
2.Sun Jiadng’s devtin （devte） t China’s space industry is wnderfully inspiring.
3.2008年，张桂梅创建了一所女子中学，把所有的时间和精力都投入了进去。（人物介绍）
In 2008， Zhang Guimei set up an all-girls high schl， t which she devted all her time and energy .（"介词＋which"引导的定语从句）
4.我最崇拜的人是袁隆平，他一生致力于水稻生产。（人物介绍）
The persn I admire mst is Yuan Lngping， wh devted his life t rice prductin .（定语从句）
★devte…t…把……用于；献身，致力，专心
★devted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的
be devted t （ding）sth. 专心于（做）某事；致力于（做）某事
★devtin n.关爱；奉献；专心
2 adptvt.采用；采取；采纳 vt.&vi. 领养
1.He lived n the streets， and then in an rphanage（孤儿院）. There， he was adpted by an Australian family （他被一个澳大利亚家庭收养） and flew t Tasmania.
2.Peer pressure can influence hw peple dress， hw they talk， what music they listen t， what attitudes they adpt （采取什么态度） and hw they behave.
3.我们已采取有效措施来控制我们所在地区的水污染。
We have adpted effective measures t cntrl water pllutin in ur area.
4.如果我采纳了他的建议，我就能按时完成目标了。
If I had adpted his advice/suggestin， I shuld/wuld/culd have achieved my gal n schedule.
点拨
"如果我采纳了他的建议"是对过去发生的事情的假设，所以句子要用表示过去的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用"shuld/wuld/culd have dne"。
★adpt a plan/suggestin 采用计划/采纳建议
★adptin n.（想法、计划等的）采用；收养
★adpted adj.收养的；移居的
3 permissinn.准许，批准；许可证
1.[人教选必①－4]Fr example， in many Middle Eastern cuntries， men and wmen are nt scially permitted t make （make） eye cntact.
2.It is abslutely implite t take pictures f the lcal peple withut asking fr their permissin （permit）.
3.The library desn’t permit carrying （carry） fd in case it leaves spts n bks.
4.If weather permits， we will g t the beach t cllect plastic waste tmrrw.
→ Weather permitting ， we will g t the beach t cllect plastic waste tmrrw.（独立主格）
★with ne’s permissin经某人许可
withut permissin未经许可
★permit vt.允许，准许vt.&vi.使有可能n.许可证
permit ding sth.允许做某事
permit sb. t d sth.允许某人做某事
4 amuntn.数量，数额 v.总计；相当于，等于
1.[外研选必④－5]Althugh the brain amunts t nly abut 2％ f ttal bdy weight， it uses up t 20％ f the bdy’s energy — mre than any ther rgan.
2.[北师必修③－8]The amunt f waste in landfills in China has risen （rise） expnentially（以指数方式） ver the last decade.
点拨
the amunt f表示"……的量"，后跟不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；再根据句中的ver the last decade可知，空处应用现在完成时。注意rise的过去分词形式为risen。
3.[北师必修③－8]A huge amunt f waste — 800，000 tnnes— is imprted （imprt） each year t prduce Sweden’s electricity.
4.[北师选必②－6]As present-day advertisers ften have large budgets， huge amunts f mney are spent （spend） n applying mdern design techniques t make these advertisements as visually attractive as pssible.
点拨
a huge amunt f和huge amunts f都表示"大量的"，修饰不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词的数要与amunt保持一致。易混："large quantities/amunts f＋n."作主语时谓语动词用复数，而"a large quantity f＋n."作主语时谓语动词的数取决于f后面的名词。
★the amunt f ＋不可数名词……的量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式）
a large/small amunt f＋n. [U]＋v. （单数）
large/small amunts f＋n. [U]＋v. （复数）
★amunt t 共计，总计
5 urgevt.竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促
1.After the flding， peple in that area urgently （urgent） needed clean water， medicine and shelter t survive.
2.The rainy seasn is cming. It’s a matter f great urgency （urgent） t repair the drainage（排水） and irrigatin equipment.
3.强烈要求更经常地举行这类活动来丰富我们的校园生活。
It is urged that this kind f activity shuld be held mre ften t enrich ur schl life. （It is urged that...）
★urge sb.t d…催促某人做……
It is/was urged that…shuld d…有人主张……
★urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
urgently adv.迫切地，急切地
urgency n.紧急，迫切
6 cntributevi.促成，造成（某事发生）；vt.&vi.捐献，捐赠
1.[北师必修③－8]Other human activities， such as cnstructin and the burning f waste， als cntribute t air pllutin.
2.Fr me， she is great nt just because she is wrld-famus， but because she has made great cntributins t mankind （为人类做出了巨大贡献）.
3.他在学生会的经历对他后来工作上的成功有很大帮助。
His experience in the students’ unin cntributed a lt t his success in wrk later.
★ cntribute t （t为介词）捐献；有助于；导致
cntribute…t…把……贡献给……
★cntributin n.捐款；贡献；捐赠
make cntributins/a cntributin t…为……做贡献
7 把……考虑进去
1.He had t leave his belved basketball team n accunt f his injured legs.
2.When yu g n a trip， yu shuld first take weather int accunt.
3.Mary ften des sme translatin wrk t earn extra mney， which accunts fr half f her incme.
4.教授警告学生在他的课上决不能使用手机。
The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt can they use mbile phnes in his class .（倒装）
点拨
n n accunt置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。
★accunt fr 解释，说明；（数量上、比例上）占
n accunt f 由于，因为
n n accunt 决不
8 形容词（短语）作状语
1. Surprised （surprise）， Tny std up and accepted the prize.
点拨
通过本题比较形容词作状语与副词作状语的区别：
Surprised，Tny std up and accepted the prize.（Surprised描述Tny的状态，即Tny自己感到惊讶）
Surprisingly， Tny std up and accepted the prize.（Surprisingly修饰整个句子，即"Tny站起来领奖"这件事让人很意外）
2.我聚精会神地读书，都没注意到已经半夜了。
Absrbed in reading bks ， I didn’t ntice that it was already midnight. （absrbed）
3.既兴奋又感动，他们泪流满面。
Excited and mved， they were in tears.
4.Because I was unable t affrd the time， I had t give up the plan.
→ Unable t affrd the time ， I had t give up the plan. （句式升级）
形容词（短语）作状语：
★说明谓语动词表示的动作发生时，主语所处的状态。
★表示行为方式、伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。
★有些由动词的过去分词转化而来的形容词可以作状语，而非表示被动，这样的词有lst，ccupied，absrbed，invlved等。
9 倍数表达法
1.[北师选必①－3]They fund that human activity is causing species t die ut 1，000 times faster （fast） than nrmal.
2.The number f the students in ur schl is fur times what it was ten years ag.
3.我的家乡过去十年变化特别大，人们的收入是之前的好几倍。
→①Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past ten years. Peple’s incme is several times higher than befre .（倍数＋adj.比较级＋than）
→②Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past ten years. Peple’s incme is several times as high as befre .（倍数＋as＋adj.＋as）
→③Great changes have taken place in my hmetwn in the past ten years. Peple’s incme is several times what it was befre . （倍数＋what从句）
★A＋be＋倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as B
★A＋be＋倍数＋adj.比较级＋than B
★A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词（size/weight/height/length...）＋f B
★A＋be＋倍数＋what从句
前缀re-
前缀re-有两重含义："重，又，再"和"回，向后"。
本单元：re-（重，又）＋new（新的）＋-able（可……的）→可重新出现的→renewable adj.（能源）可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的
re-（重，又）＋use（使用）＋-able（可……的）→可重复使用的→reusable adj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的
re-（回）＋-duc-（引导）＋e→往回引导→reduce v.减少，降低
re-（回）＋stre （贮存）→把某物存放回去→restre v.使恢复
拓展：
通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。
1.[2023全国甲]S， it’s been useful t knw hw t cver up hles and repaint a rm t avid any charges when I’ve mved ut. v.重新油漆
2.[2023全国甲]Eric Weiner’s TheScratesExpress：InSearchfLifeLessnsfrmDeadPhilsphersreawakened my lve fr philsphy. v.重新唤起
3.[2023浙江1月]The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund is June 15.
n.退款
4.[2022全国甲]Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area f Cardiff repened in February 2012. v.重新开放
5.[2022全国乙]It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media， but lng-distance friendships — even clse nes — may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. v.重新开始
点拨
1.re-（重）＋paint（在……上刷油漆）→repaint重新油漆
2.re-（重）＋awake（醒着）＋-en（使）→使再次醒来→reawaken重新唤起
3.re-（往后）＋fund（资金）→refund 退款
4.re-（重）＋pen（开放）→repen 重新开放
5.re-（重）＋new（新的）→renew 重新开始