备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习讲义第一部分过透教材Unit5Adelicateworld外研版选择性必修第二册，共4页。

Macquarie Island is a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site. When humans arrived n the island in 1810， they brught rats， mice， cats and rabbits n end. Subsequently， all f them were ut f cntrland damaged the eclgy n the island dramatically. Bth rats and cats develped an appetite fr native birds， making the birds endangered. Rabbits apparently multiplied and caused sil ersin. T remve the rabbits， a virus was released. But the decrease f the rabbits caused cats t eat mre native birds. In the 1980s， a substantial number ftrapsand dgs were used t catch the cats. In cmparisnwith the departure f the cats， the number f mice， rats and rabbits explded nce again， especially the rabbits， which develped an immunity t the virus. The island was in chas altgether. Iweit t urselves t restre the island. S n behalf fthe assciatin I am here calling fr the cnservatin f the bilgical diversity. But this interventin is a lng， much-delayed ending t a sad stry.
1 decreasev. （使）变小，（使）减少，降低 n. 减少，降低
1.[人教选必③－3]These chemicals led t severe water quality issues， causing a decrease in the number f fish species.
2.The number f new students admitted int the schl decreased frm 210 t 160 this year.
3.由于人类活动，一些野生动物的数目正在减少。（环境保护）
→① The number f sme wild animals is decreasing because f human activities.（decrease v.）
→②Because f human activities， the number f sme wild animals is n the decrease . （decrease n.）
4.由于政府的干预，接受治疗的患者人数没有减少，但住院的患者人数减少了约30％。
Thanks t the gvernment’s interventin， the number f patients treated has nt been decreasing ， but the number f patients admitted t hspital has decreased by abut 30 percent.
★decrease frm... t... 从……减少到……
decrease by...减少了/降低了……
★n the decrease 在减少中，在衰减中
（a） decrease in... ……方面的减少
2 trapn. 夹子，陷阱 v. 使陷入困境；卡住，夹住，绊住；使陷入圈套，使中计，使上当
1.Suddenly there being a strng blast f water washing dwn the river， we were trapped （trap） in the rising-water river.
点拨
本句中的there being...是there be结构的独立主格形式，在句中作状语，故"we ... river"是主句，空处应填谓语。
2.Think carefully befre yu answer questins nline. Yu may be trapped int giving away very imprtant persnal infrmatin.
3.被困在山里两天后，我们终于获救了。
Having been trapped in the muntains fr tw days ， we were finally rescued. （现在分词短语作状语）
点拨
表示"被困于……中"的短语还有：
①be/get lcked in ②be/get caught in
③be/get stuck in ④be/get blcked in
★trap sb. int （ding）sth. 诱骗某人（做）某事
be trapped in...被困在……中
be trapped by...被……所困
★fall int the trap f ding sth. 落入做某事的陷阱
set/lay a trap fr... 为……设圈套/陷阱
3 wev. 应该做；对……负有……的义务；欠（账、钱、人情等）；归因于，归功于
1.We we it t yu t cmplete this jb.
2.由于我们的共同努力，音乐节取得了巨大的成功。（活动报道）
Owing t ur jint effrts， the music festival was a great success.
点拨
"由于"的其他表达：due t， thanks t， as a result f， because f， n accunt f。
3.我无法和你一起去旅行，应该向你道歉。（道歉信）
I we an aplgy t yu / I we yu an aplgy fr being unable t travel with yu.
★we sb. sth.＝ we sth. t sb. 欠某人某物；把某物归功于某人
we it t sb. t d sth. （认为）应该为某人做某事
★wing t 因为，由于
4 cmparisnn. 比较
1.[人教选必④－2]The market that was riginally built was quite small in cmparisn （cmpare） t tday’s Grand Bazaar.
2.[人教选必②－2]The first few weeks there were abslutely verwhelming because everything was s different cmpared （cmpare） t things back hme.
3. Cmpared （cmpare） t ther alternatives， traveling n a train is cmfrtable and relaxing.
点拨
cmpare与句子主语traveling n a train之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语。
4.老师经常因为他们对工作的奉献精神而被比作蜡烛。
Teachers are ften cmpared t candles because f their devtin t wrk.
★by cmparisn 相比之下，相较而言
in cmparisn（with/t sth.）（与……）相比较
★cmpare v. &n. 比较，对比
cmpare sth. with sth.将某物与某物相比较
cmpare sth. t sth.将某物比作某物
cmpared with/t sth.与某物相比
beynd/withut cmpare 无与伦比
5 nbehalff代表（代替）；为了；为帮助
1.我很高兴代表我们学校邀请你参加下周的国画展览。（邀请信）
→① On ur schl’s behalf/On behalf f ur schl ， I’m delighted t invite yu t the Chinese painting exhibitin next week.（behalf）
→② Representing ur schl ， I’m delighted t invite yu t the Chinese painting exhibitin next week.（represent）
2.众所周知，在中国传统文化中，红色代表幸福和吉祥。
As is knwn t us all， red stands fr/represents happiness and luck in traditinal Chinese culture.
点拨
这里的"代表"为"象征"之义，可用stand fr/represent，而不可用n behalf f；表示"代表……的利益，作为……的代言人"时可用n behalf f/represent。
★n behalf f sb./n sb.’s behalf代表（或代替）某人；为了某人；为帮助某人
★其他表示"代表"的词/短语：
represent代表；作为……的代言人；象征；相当于
stand fr代表，表示；支持，主张
6 utfcntrl失去控制，无法管理
用cntrl的相关短语完成句子
1.[人教必修①－2]Spain tk cntrl f Peru in the 16th century and ruled until 1821.
2.[人教必修③－4]During a spacewalk，astrnauts have t mve slwly s that they can keep their bdies under cntrl .
3.A truck went ut f cntrl and crashed int the back f a bus.
4.Bad news cming ne after anther， he lst cntrl f his feelings.
★under cntrl 被控制住，处于控制之下
beynd ne’s cntrl 无法控制
in the cntrl f...受……的控制
lse cntrl f...失去对……的控制
take cntrl f...控制……
keep/bring/get sth. under cntrl 控制/抑制住某事
7 否定副词/词组＋部分倒装
1. Nwhere else can yu find （别处你找不到） such an ancient building with such delicate design and s lng a histry.（地点副词放句首）
2.我们不仅放松了，还对劳动有了更好的了解。
Nt nly are we relaxed ， but we have gained a better understanding f labr. （nt nly倒装句）
3.我们刚一爬到山顶就下起雪来了。
→① Hardly had we reached the tp f the muntain when the snw began t cme dwn. （倒装句）
→② N sner had we reached the tp f the muntain than the snw began t cme dwn. （n 倒装句）
点拨
注意：在nt （als）...，， n 结构中，把表示否定的nt nly，hardly， n sner置于句首时，其后的句子要倒装，但but（als），when，than后的句子要用正常语序，不倒装。
★当具有否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。
★表示否定意义的副词或短语：nt，never，neither， nr， nwhere， seldm， hardly， rarely， little， in n way， by n means， at n time， n n accunt等。
★使用部分倒装的固定结构：（hardly/scarcely位于句首时）， n （n sner位于句首时）， nt （als）...（nt nly位于句首时）。