专题07 新能源汽车-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题）

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专题07 新能源汽车
（2022·湖北·黄冈中学三模）Electric vehicles(EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe? The Radiant Energy Grup(REG) stated effects f EVs vary with cuntries. In sme natins, EVs lead t the release f mre carbn gases than gasline cars. The grup reckned gas emissins(排放) caused by a gasline vehicle and frm charging an EV. Cuntries where charging an EV is cleaner than driving a gasline-pwered car use a lt f nuclear r slar pwer.
Sales f electric cars are rising the fastest in Eurpe. Data frm REG suggests EVs in Pland actually create mre carbn emissins because their electrical systems depend s much n cal. In ther Eurpean cuntries, hwever, EVs result in fewer emissins. The cuntries with the biggest carbn gas reductin use much clean pwer. The first was Switzerland at 100 percent carbn reductins ver gasline vehicles.
Germany and Spain create lts f electricity frm the sun and wind. But the sun and wind dn’t add t a cuntry’s electrical system equally thrughut the day. Fr this reasn, carbn emissins saved by driving an EV aren’t fixed. Charging in the afternn, when there’s mre sun and wind, saves 16 t 18 percent mre carbn than at night when electrical systems are mre likely t be using gas r cal.
The gap in emissins between electric and gasline-pwered vehicles has narrwed in recent years. In Eurpe, carmakers have been required t meet EU CO₂ emissins f perfrmance standards. They’ve made their gasline engines mre fuel-efficient. As a result, carbn emissins f new gasline-pwered cars in Eurpe have fallen an average f 25 percent in the past years. But EV sales in Eurpe are backed by gvernment spending and rules against new gasline engine cars after 2035. Majr autmakers have set targets t sell mainly EVs in Eurpe in the cming years.
1．What des the underlined wrd “reckned” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Reduced.B．Calculated.
C．Banned.D．Predicted.
2．What affects carbn emissins f EVs accrding t paragraph3?
A．The cuntry where they’re made.B．Facilities prducing clean pwer.
C．The time they are being charged.D．Technlgy used by electrical systems.
3．What causes sales f EVs t rise quickly in Eurpe?
A．Supprt f fficial plicies.B．Cncern abut glbal warming.
C．Standards f gasline car.D．Advertisements frm carmakers.
4．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．What Benefits D EVs Bring?
B．Will EVs Replace Gasline Cars in Eurpe?
C．Hw D EVs Affect Carbn Emissins?
D．D Electric Cars Really Help the Envirnment?
（2022·贵州铜仁·高三期末）New Zealand’s gvernment recently annunced it will help pay fr prer families t replace their ld cars with cleaner hybrid r electric vehicles.
The gvernment plans t spend $357 millin n the test prgram. The mve is part f a wider plan t reduce greenhuse gas emissins. Greenhuse gases are believed t cause warming temperatures in the Earth’s atmsphere. New Zealand plans t prvide aid fr businesses t reduce emissins and have buses that run n envirnmentally safe fuel by 2035. The gvernment als plans t prvide fd-waste cllectin fr mst hmes by 2030.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said in a statement, “We’ve all seen the recent reprts n sea level rise and its impact right here in New Zealand. We cannt leave the issue f climate change until it’s t late t fix.”
The plan is a step tward New Zealand’s stated gal f reaching net-zer carbn emissins by 2050. Reaching net-zer emissins means nt creating mre carbn in the atmsphere than ceans and frests can remve. Ardern said that reducing dependence n fssil fuels wuld help prtect families frm extreme price increases. The plan als sets a gal f reducing ttal car travel by 20 percent ver the next 13 years. The prgrams will be paid fr frm a $ 2.8 billin climate emergency respnse fund. Officials said that ver time, mney cllected frm plluters wuld pay fr the prgrams rather than taxes frm families.
Sme critics f the plan say it cntinued t be less restrictive n New Zealand’s huge agriculture industry. Agriculture creates abut half f the natin’s ttal greenhuse gas emissins. But the industry is als imprtant t the ecnmy as the natin’s biggest exprt earner.
David Seymur is the leader f New Zealand’s ACT plitical party. He said that sme f the annunced prgrams are prven t be ineffective and have been tried and failed verseas. Peple shuld be able t chse hw they reduce emissins thrugh the market-based emissins trading plan.
5．What des the authr intend t cnvey in Paragraph 2?
A．The urgency f investment.B．The measures t be taken.
C．The ppular test prgram.D．The harm f emissins.
6．What d Jacinda Ardern’s wrds in Paragraph 3 suggest?
A．It’s urgent t take steps n climate change.
B．Sea level rise has little effect n New Zealand.
C．He laid stress n the imprtance t tackle pllutin.
D．It draws public attentin t slve envirnmental prblems.
7．Wh will pay fr the next prgrams?
A．Families.B．Plluters.C．Car makers.D．The gvernment.
8．What des David Seymur emphasize?
A．Dynamic emissin reductin scheme.B．The impact f exprts n the ecnmy.
C．Specific standards fr emissin reductin.D．The natin’s ttal greenhuse gas emissins.
（2022·云南昭通·高三期末）Electric cars are dirty. In fact, nt nly are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasline-pwered cusins.
Peple in Califrnia lve t talk abut “zer-emissins vehicles”, but peple in Califrnia seem t be clueless abut where electricity cmes frm. Pwer plants mstly use fire t make it. Aside frm the new flks wh have their rfs cvered with slar cells, we get ur electricity frm generatrs (发电机). Generatrs are fueled by smething-usually cal, il, but als by heat generated in nuclear pwer plants. There are a few wind farms and gethermal (地热) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning smething.
In ther wrds, thse “zer-emissins” cars are likely cal-burning cars. It’s just because the cal is burned smewhere else, it lks clean. It is nt. It’s as if the Califrnia Greens are cvering their eyes- “If I can’t see it, it’s nt happening.” Gasline is an incredibly efficient way t pwer a vehicle; a galln f gas has a lt f energy in it. But when yu take that gas (r anther fuel) and first use it t make electricity, yu waste a nice part f that energy, mstly in the frm f wasted heat-at the generatr, thrugh the transmissin lines, etc.
A galln f gas may prpel yur car 25 miles. But the electricity yu get frm that galln f gas wn’t get yu as far-s electric cars burn mre fuel than gasline-pwered nes. If ur electricity came mstly frm nukes r gethermal, r hydr r wind r slar, then an electric car truly wuld be clean. But fr plitical, technical, and ecnmic reasns, we dn’t use much f thse energy surces.
In additin, electric cars’ batteries which are pisnus fr a lng time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the plluters, the pllutin is spread acrss all the rads. When it’s a pwer plant, thugh, all the junk is in ne place. Nature is very gd at cleaning up when things are t cncentrated, but it takes a lt lnger when all the garbage is in ne spt.
9．The electricity we get frm a galln f gas may make ur car run .
A．n less than 25 milesB．as far as 50 miles
C．less than 25 milesD．as far as 25 miles
10．Accrding t the text, electric cars .
A．are mre envirnmentally friendly
B．burn mre fuel than gas-pwered nes
C．are very gd at cleaning up when things are nt t cncentrated
D．are pisnus fr a lng time and will eventually end up in a landfill
11．It can be inferred frm the text that ______.
A．being green is gd and shuld be encuraged in cmmunicatin
B．electric cars are the dminant vehicles cmpared with their gas-pwered cusins
C．zer-emissins vehicles shuld be chsen t prtect ur envirnment
D．electric cars are nt clean because we get electricity mainly by burning smething
12．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Electric cars are far frm being clean.B．Electric cars are better than gasline-pwered nes.
C．Peple cast dubts n electric cars’ batteries.D．Gasline is an efficient way t pwer a vehicle.
（2022·北京昌平·高三期末）I bet yur grandparents never imagined they wuld see the day when they culd plug in a car like a lamp. N mre smelly gasline (汽油)! N mre waste gases plluting the atmsphere! One way t address the climate crisis, we are tld, is t electrify transprt. This will remve ur dependence n fssil fuels like gasline that pllute the atmsphere and trap greenhuse gases that make ur planet warmer. Currently, electric vehicles make up 2 percent f the glbal car market. The U.S. plans t have at least half f all vehicles sld in the U.S. run cmpletely n electricity by 2035 and stp making gas-pwered cars within the next 20 years.
Hwever, electric cars use 1-2 kg f magnets (磁体) t pwer them and each f these magnets uses special materials. It turns ut that getting the required supplies is harder than yu think. Let’s find ut why.
Rare earth metals (als called Rare Earth Elements r REEs) have strng magnetic prperties that make them ideal fr pwering many f the devices we use tday, such as smartphnes, cmputers and electric car batteries. REEs aren’t really rare, at least nt in the way yu might think. Even the rarest REE is 125 times mre cmmn than gld! REEs are “rare” because they are mstly fund nly in small quantities. Generally, they are fund in a rare igneus rck (火成岩) called carbnate (碳酸盐), which cntains 17 minerals — which must all be separated. The prcess is hard, dirty and can be very expensive. Keep in mind, hwever, that prducing and prcessing are different steps. Prducing is the act f mining metals; prcessing is the act f separating the minerals. Many cuntries mine carbnate including the United States, Australia, Brazil and Canada. China alne prduces 63 percent f REEs tday, which is dwn frm a high f 90 percent! China nw cntrls 85 percent f REEs prcessing. That is because the prducing cuntries send their REEs t China fr prcessing.
Electric cars are increasing in ppularity with many traditinal car cmpanies intrducing all-electric mdels. This switch will increase the demand fr REEs which is prmpting car cmpanies t wrk directly with the mines t save csts. Many peple still have cncerns abut the envirnmental effects f increased mining. Thugh several cmpanies are wrking t g green, mining is knwn t have a histry with knwn dangers such as pllutin and the risk f deadly accidents. The mining f these metals is even knwn t prduce radiactive (放射性的) wastewater!
A new chapter in climate histry is pssible if mining can be dne safely. In fewer than a hundred years, mst cars n the rad will use electricity r tw different types f pwer. The traditinal cars, harmful t the envirnment, will be a thing f the past.
13．Why is it hard t get required supplies fr electric cars?
A．Because they are nt as cmmn as gld.
B．Because the step f prducing is very difficult.
C．Because they are als used in many ther fields.
D．Because they are hard t separate frm carbnate.
14．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．There are mre cuntries prcessing REEs than mining them.
B．Electric cars may get mre widely used if mining can be safer.
C．Car cmpanies prefer t seek prfessinal teams t mine REEs.
D．Electric cars accunt fr almst half f the glbal car market nw.
15．What is the best title f the passage?
A．The Challenges f Electric CarsB．The Future f Rare Earth Metals
C．The Histry f Rare Earth MetalsD．The Develpment f Electric Cars
（2022·上海市行知中学高三期末）As every mbile-phne wner knws, after a year r s the battery starts t fade and the beast needs recharging mre frequently. That is a nuisance, but a phne’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply r the whle handset traded in fr the latest mdel. An electric car, hwever, is a much bigger investment. Batteries are its priciest cmpnent, representing arund 30% f an average f mid-size vehicle. A deterirating battery pses a ptential safety hazard, and destrys its secnd-hand value as well.
T prvide buyers with sme peace f mind, car makers guarantee their batteries, typically fr eight years r arund 200,000 km. Prducers are nw, thugh, planning t g much further than that, with the launch f “millin-mile” batteries.
“It’s a great catchphrase; the millin-mile battery,” says Gerge Crabtree, directr f the Jint Centre fr Energy Strage Research. “But the fact that yu can drive a millin miles may nt be the mst relevant parameter (参数) t lk at.” Regular fast-charging reduces battery life, as d vercharging and deep discharging. Driving in extremely ht r cld weather desn’t help either. And battery life will diminish even if yu just leave the car in the garage. The real pint f a millin-mile battery is that the technlgical advances required t make it pssible will deal with these things as well.
The lithium-in (锂离子) batteries which pwer electric cars age in tw ways: with time and with use. Battery-makers call time-dependent ageing “calendar ageing”, which is cnsequence f the gradual degradatin f sme f the materials emplyed in battery cnstructin. Leaving a car with a fully rather than partly charged battery, fr example, can increase the rate f calendar ageing. Use-dependent ageing is a cnsequence f the number f discharge—recharge cycles a battery ges thrugh. It is caused by the cmplex chemical reactins that take place when a battery is perating.
Battery technlgy is imprving all the time. As a cnsequence, s are calendar and use-dependent lifetimes. Keeping track f and studying batteries’ perfrmance helps researchers cme up with ways t mitigate (缓和)sme f the side reactins.
Dealing with impurities that get int batteries helps t extend their lives. Fr example, t prevent water frm frming an acid by attacking the electrdes (电极), GM has develped an addictive made frm zelites (沸石)—mlecular spnges, which serves t mp up any misture which enters a battery cell.
Adding a little aluminium (铝) bsts the battery’s energy density, meaning a car can travel farther n a single charge. It als makes the battery last lnger and less cstly.
As a marketing device, the millin-mile battery will give electric-car buyers mre cnfidence in their batteries. But it is anything but the limit f engineers’ aspiratins. The next bjective is t replace Li-ins’ liquid electrlytes (电解液) with slid nes, which culd make a tw-millin-mile battery a feasible bjective. If that day cmes, the tables wuld have been turned. Frm being the first part f a car t fail, its battery will have cme the last.
16．What des the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A．It is mre prfitable t invest in an electric car than in a mbile phne.
B．It’s much mre cstly t replace the failed batteries f an electric car with new nes.
C．Spending mre mney n an electric car can increase its secnd-hand value.
D．Cmpared with electric cars, batteries are f less imprtance t mbile phnes.
17．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is the least likely t reduce an electric car’s battery life?
A．Driving an electric car n extremely ht summer days.
B．Often charging the car in ‘fast’ mde t save time.
C．Unplugging an electric car nce it’s fully charged.
D．Leaving the car in the parking lt fr a lng time.
18．Which f the fllwing is FALSE regarding the measures researchers take t prlng a battery’s lifetime?
A．Using aluminium t imprve the battery’s perfrmance enabling the car t travel farther.
B．Keeping the battery partly charged t reduce its rate f ‘calendar ageing’.
C．Mnitring and studying batteries’ perfrmance in lng-distance traveling.
D．Adding zelite t encurage the acidifying chemical reactin in the battery.
19．It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that .
A．Electric car engineers are always n the g t develp batteries with greater lngevity.
B．The current technlgy has enabled an electric car t drive a millin miles n a single charge.
C．Plicies n the chice f battery materials will be tightened t cntrl the traveling range.
D．Drivers f future electric cars will n lnger be wrried abut battery failure.
（2022·辽宁铁岭·高三期末）In recent times, with the advent f electric cars, the idea t fuel them with slar energy als gained mmentum. Electric cars—even thugh they run n electricity and dn’t use fssil fuels—are still NOT GREEN! Peple suffer frm the miscnceptin that nt using fssil fuel means “green” which is kind f absurd, cnsidering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels!
Hwever, what if yur car had slar panels that culd charge it? Nw that wuld indeed be a green machine! Basically, as much as we wuld like t incrprate this energy surce int ur car, the efficiency f the currently used slar panels is subject t the fulfillment f different criteria.
Firstly, slar panels ccupy a large amunt f area. An average car has an area f 10-25 sq. ft. n the rf. which can generate between 50-150 W under ideal cnditins. This is hardly enugh pwer t illuminate a light bulb! Als, mderate sunny temperature needs t be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency f the slar panels. Cars must wrk in all weather cnditins, s if a slar panel limits the car’s functinality, it becmes practically useless. Mre imprtantly, the cst f the panels and develpment required t pwer the electrnics using the sun’s energy utweighs the benefits that slar panels prvide.
Mst cars tday that have slar rfs, use the slar energy t pwer nly a few basic functins f the car. While there is still time befre we will be able t drive cars fully pwered by slar energy, there are sme alternatives, such as slar pwer statins, which are being designed t reduce ur reliance n fssil fuels fr electricity.
Slar-pwered vehicles are surely the future, but nt the near future. As the cst f slar panels cntinues t fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin t lk much “brighter” fr this alternative and sustainable ptin!
20．Why aren’t electric cars envirnmentally friendly?
A．They wn’t wrk as well as the cmmn cars.
B．They are nt pwered by slar energy.
C．They run n electricity prduced by burning fuels.
D．They cause mre pllutin t the wrld.
21．What can we learn frm the third paragraph?
A．Temperatures have little effect n slar panels.
B．Pwering the electrnics csts little.
C．A car’s rf generates enugh pwer t light a bulb.
D．The perfrmance f current slar panels depends n varius factrs.
22．What can we infer abut slar energy in the car industry?
A．Mst cars have slar rfs.
B．Cars can be currently pwered frm slar pwer statins.
C．Cars partly pwered by slar energy are n the rad.
D．Slar cars will sn be available.
23．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．What d slar cars lk like?
B．Why dn’t we pwer the car with slar energy?
C．Hw d slar cars wrk?
D．Culd slar cars replace the electric cars?
（2022·黑龙江·鹤岗一中高三阶段练习）There was much excitement last year when the UK gvernment annunced it will nt allw the sale f new petrl and diesel cars frm 2030. But is that easier said than dne? The rad t glbal traffic being ttally electric is still a lng way ff. Currently, battery life is an issue -a fully charged battery wn’t take yu as far as a full tank f petrl. There are als limited numbers f charging pints t plug an EV int.
Of curse, technlgy is always imprving. Sme f the biggest tech cmpanies, like Ggle and Tesla, are spending huge amunts f mney develping electric cars. And mst f the big car manufacturers are nw making them t. Clin Herrn, an expert n lw-carbn vehicle technlgy said, “The big leap frward will cme with slid state batteries, which will appear first in mbile phnes and laptps befre they prgress t cars. These will charge mre quickly and give cars a bigger range. ”
Cst is anther issue that may prevent peple switching t electric pwer. But sme cuntries ffer encuragement, such as cutting prices by reducing imprt taxes, and nt charging fr rad tax and parking. Sme als prvide exclusive lanes (专用车道) fr electric cars t be driven n, vertaking traditinal cars which might be stuck in jams.
But Clin Herrn warns that “electric mtring” desn’t mean a zer-carbn future. “It’s emissin-free mtring, but the car has t be built, the battery has t be built, and the electricity des cme frm smewhere.” Maybe it’s time t think abut making fewer jurneys r using public transprt.
24．What des the authr think f the UK's annuncement?
A．Reasnable.B．Unrealistic.
C．Cheerful.D．Unbelievable.
25．What des Clin Herrn intend t stress in paragraph 2?
A．Mre tech cmpanies are needed t develp electric cars.
B．Mney shuld be spent n lw-carbn vehicle technlgy.
C．Ggle and Tesla are bth big cmpanies prducing electric cars.
D．Slid state batteries are the key t helping electric cars ging farther.
26．Why can electric cars avid traffic jams in sme cuntries?
A．They g at lw speed.B．They hld fewer peple.
C．They have n parking fee.D．They have their wn lanes.
27．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．The future f electric carsB．The ways t achieve zer-carbn
C．The disadvantages f traditinal carsD．The big leap in electric car technlgy
（2022·河南洛阳·高三阶段练习）General Mtrs (GM) is ne f the wrld’s majr autmakers (汽车制造商). In January, the cmpany set a gal: It will stp selling gas-pwered cars by 2035. It means the cmpany will make mre battery-pwered vehicles.
This is a big mment fr the aut industry. Scientists say it’s imprtant t mve away frm gas pwered vehicles. Ding s will fight climate change. Transprtatin causes abut 25% f glbal carbn emissins (排放物). Three-quarters f that is frm rad travel. Cuntries are taking actin. In China, mst new vehicles sld must be electric by 2035. The United Kingdm, Ireland and the Netherlands will nt allw sales f new gas-pwered cars in 2030.
Venkat Viswanathan is a prfessr at Carnegie Melln University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He tld TIME fr Kids, “It is nw very clear that ging electric is the future.”
Electric cars run n lithium-in (锂离子) batteries, which pwer ur mbile devices. Making these batteries has an envirnmental cst. Lithium is taken frm the earth, like the il used t make gas. But the lng-term cst is much smaller. “When yu use up a battery, yu can recycle the material,” says Jessika Trancik, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Electric cars have anther envirnmental effect. They need energy t recharge. They get the energy frm pwer plants. These places burn ils. But cuntries can turn t cleaner energy surces, such as wind and slar pwer. If they d, electric vehicles will get cleaner t. Even nw, they’re cleaner than cars that run n gas.
28．What will GM d in 2035?
A．Stp prducing all vehicles.B．Prduce just electric cars.
C．Sell mre gas-pwered cars.D．Find mre energy surces.
29．What’s the purpse f stpping selling gas-pwered cars?
A．T bring cnvenience t rad travel.B．T deal with climate change.
C．T prmte sales f electric cars.D．T set up mre pwer plants.
30．What is special abut lithium-in batteries?
A．They are cleaner than slar pwer.B．They have n envirnmental cst.
C．Their materials are recyclable.D．They are cheaper than il.
31．Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A．The Sales f Gas-pwered CarsB．Hw t Sell Mre Electric Cars
C．Carmakers’ Plan f Ging ElectricD．Electric Cars Are the Future
（2022·安徽省太湖中学模拟预测）New hmes and buildings in England will be required by law t fix electric vehicle charging pints frm next year, the prime minister has annunced. The gvernment said the mve will see up t 145, 000 charging pints fixed acrss the cuntry each year. New-build supermarkets, wrkplaces and buildings underging majr rebuilding will als cme under the new law.
The mve cmes as the UK aims t switch t electric cars, with new petrl and diesel (柴油)cars sales banned frm 2030. Annuncing the new laws at the Cnfederatin f British Industry’s cnference n Mnday, Prime Minister Bris Jhnsn said the UK was ging t “radically ”change its cars, trucks, buses and ther means f transprt.
The gvernment said the new laws will “make car charging as easy as refueling a petrl r diesel car tday”. It said “simpler ways t pay" t charge vehicles thrugh cntactless (无接触的) payments wuld als be intrduced at “all new fast and rapid charge pints”.
Britain currently has abut 25, 000 charging pints, but the Cmpetitin and Markets Authrity has said it culd need 10 times as many befre 2030. The switch t electric vehicles is part f the UK’s strategy t hit climate targets, with cars and taxis accunting fr 16％ f UK emissins (排放量)in 2019.
Several majr car cmpanies, such as Jaguar and Vlv plan t g all electric frm 2025 and 2030 and Frd has said all vehicles sld in Eurpe will be electric by 2030. UK electric car sales are grwing, with abut 10% f cars sld in 2020 being electric, up frm 2. 5% in 2018.
Mike Childs, Friends f the Earth’s head f plicy, welcmed the gvernment’s annuncement, adding that electric vehicles had a “significant rle t play in building a zer-carbn future”. “New husing shuld als include safe cycle strage and access t high quality public transprt, t prvide real alternatives t driving and help cut traffic jam, ”Mr Childs added.
32．What des the underlined wrd “radically” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Temprally.B．Reasnably.C．Slightly.D．Cmpletely.
33．What’s the present situatin f the UK’s charging pints?
A．They’re far frm enugh.
B．New-build nes are much safer.
C．Sme are under recnstructin nw.
D．They all use cntactless payments.
34．What’s Mike Childs’ attitude twards the gvernment’s new law?
A．Unclear.B．Favrable.C．Dubtful.D．Intlerant.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．The UK’s Plan t Hit Climate Targets
B．A New Law Annunced by Britain’s Gvernment
C．The UK Aiming t Switch t Electric Cars
D．New Hmes in England t Have Charging Pints
参考答案：
1．B2．C3．A4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要围绕电动汽车是否真的是对抗全球变暖的有力武器而进行的阐述。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The grup reckned gas emissins(排放) caused by a gasline vehicle and frm charging an EV.”(该组织reckned汽油车和电动汽车充电造成的气体排放。)可知，reckned是动词，描述这个组织对汽油车和电动汽车充电造成的气体排放所做的行为，根据上句话“In sme natins, EVs lead t the release f mre carbn gases than gasline cars.”(在一些国家，电动汽车比汽油车排放更多的碳气体。)可知，这里体现的是对电动汽车比汽油车排放更多的碳气体的数量的体现，所以reckned的意思应该是“计算，估算”，和B选项意思一致。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Charging in the afternn, when there’s mre sun and wind, saves 16 t 18 percent mre carbn than at night when electrical systems are mre likely t be using gas r cal.”(在下午充电，当有更多的阳光和风的时候，比在晚上电力系统更有可能使用天然气或煤炭的时候，节省16至18% 的碳。)可知，充电时间会影响电动汽车所减少的碳排放量。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But EV sales in Eurpe are backed by gvernment spending and rules against new gasline engine cars after 2035.”(但欧洲的电动汽车销售得到了政府支出和2035年后禁止新型汽油发动机汽车的规定的支持。)可知，欧洲电动汽车销售得到了政府的支持，所以销量会上升。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Electric vehicles(EVs) are widely cnsidered a strng weapn in effrts against glbal warming. But are they like what peple believe?”(电动汽车被广泛认为是对抗全球变暖的有力武器。但它们跟人们所相信的一样吗？)可知，这篇文章利用这个一般疑问句展开，主要围绕电动汽车是否真的是对抗全球变暖的有力武器而进行的阐述。故选D。
5．B6．A7．B8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为了减少温室气体的排放，新西兰政府决定帮助贫困家庭用更清洁的混合动力汽车或电动汽车替换旧车。
5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The gvernment plans t spend $357 millin n the test prgram. The mve is part f a wider plan t reduce greenhuse gas emissins. Greenhuse gases are believed t cause warming temperatures in the Earth’s atmsphere. New Zealand plans t prvide aid fr businesses t reduce emissins and have buses that run n envirnmentally safe fuel by 2035. The gvernment als plans t prvide fd-waste cllectin fr mst hmes by 2030.(政府计划在测试项目上花费3.57亿美元。此举是一项更广泛的减少温室气体排放计划的一部分。温室气体被认为会导致地球大气温度升高。新西兰计划为企业提供援助，以减少排放，并在2035年前使公共汽车使用环境安全的燃料。政府还计划到2030年为大多数家庭收集食物垃圾)”可知，第二段作者主要说明新西兰政府要采取的措施。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We’ve all seen the recent reprts n sea level rise and its impact right here in New Zealand. We cannt leave the issue f climate change until it’s t late t fix.(在新西兰，我们都看到了最近关于海平面上升及其影响的报告。我们不能把气候变化问题留到无法解决的时候)”可知，Jacinda Ardern的话表明新西兰迫切需要采取措施应对气候变化。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Officials said that ver time, mney cllected frm plluters wuld pay fr the prgrams rather than taxes frm families.(官员们表示，随着时间的推移，从污染者那里收取的钱将用于这些项目，而不是向家庭征税)”可知，污染者将会为接下去的项目买单。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Peple shuld be able t chse hw they reduce emissins thrugh the market-based emissins trading plan.(人们应该能够通过基于市场的排放交易计划来选择自己的减排方式)”可知，David Seymur强调的是动态减排方案。故选A。
9．C
10．B
11．D
12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。电动车真的没有污染吗？通过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这样的，电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染，因为它所使用的电，仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来实现的。
9．细节理解题。根据第四段中“A galln f gas may prpel yur car 25 miles. But the electricity yu get frm that galln f gas wn’t get yu as far-s electric cars burn mre fuel than gasline-pwered nes.(一加仑汽油可使你的汽车行驶25英里。但是，你从那加仑汽油中获得的电力还不能满足你，因为电动汽车比汽油驱动的汽车消耗更多的燃料)”可知，我们从一加仑汽油中获得的电力可能使我们的汽车行驶不到25英里。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But the electricity yu get frm that galln f gas wn’t get yu as far-s electric cars burn mre fuel than gasline-pwered nes.(但是，你从那加仑汽油中获得的电力还不能满足你，因为电动汽车比汽油驱动的汽车消耗更多的燃料)”可知，电动汽车燃烧的燃料比汽油燃料多，故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段“Peple in Califrnia lve t talk abut “zer-emissins vehicles”, but peple in Califrnia seem t be clueless abut where electricity cmes frm. Pwer plants mstly use fire t make it. Aside frm the new flks wh have their rfs cvered with slar cells, we get ur electricity frm generatrs (发电机). Generatrs are fueled by smething-usually cal, il, but als by heat generated in nuclear pwer plants. There are a few wind farms and gethermal (地热) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning smething.(加州人喜欢谈论“零排放汽车”，但加州人似乎对电力从何而来一无所知。发电厂大多用火来制造它。除了那些在屋顶上安装太阳能电池的新住户，我们的电力来自发电机。发电机的燃料通常是煤、石油，但也有核能发电厂产生的热量。也有一些风电场和地热发电厂，但到目前为止，我们主要通过燃烧某些东西来获得电力)”可推知，电动汽车不清洁，因为我们主要通过燃烧东西来获得电力。故选D。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Electric cars are dirty. In fact, nt nly are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasline-pwered cusins.(电动汽车很脏。事实上，它们不仅脏，甚至可能比汽油驱动的表亲更脏)”结合文章主要说明了电动车真的没有污染吗？通过文章的描述我们可以知道实际上并不是这样的，电动车比现在的汽车可能会导致更多的污染，因为它所使用的电，仍然是需要靠燃烧煤炭的资源来实现的。可知，这篇文章的主旨是电动汽车远谈不上清洁。故选A。
13．D
14．B
15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要描写电动汽车面临的挑战——供电所需的磁铁很难获得。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段，尤其是“Generally, they are fund in a rare igneus rck (火成岩) called carbnate (碳酸盐), which cntains 17 minerals—which must all be separated. The prcess is hard, dirty and can be very expensive. ”（一般来说，它们是在一种罕见的火成岩碳酸盐中发现的，碳酸盐中含有17种必须全部分离的矿物。这个过程很难、很脏，而且可能非常昂贵）可知，很难获得电动车所需的供应是因为合成供电磁铁的成分很难从碳酸盐中分解出来。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“A new chapter in climate histry is pssible if mining can be dne safely. In fewer than a hundred years, mst cars n the rad will use electricity r tw different types f pwer. The traditinal cars, harmful t the envirnment, will be a thing f the past.”（如果能够安全地进行采矿，气候历史就有可能翻开新的一页。在不到一百年的时间里，道路上的大多数汽车将使用电力或两种不同类型的电力。对环境有害的传统汽车将成为过去）可知，如果采矿更安全，电动汽车可能会得到更广泛的应用。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“It turns ut that getting the required supplies is harder than yu think. ”（事实证明，获得所需物资比你想象的要难）以及倒数第二段“Thugh several cmpanies are wrking t g green, mining is knwn t have a histry with knwn dangers such as pllutin and the risk f deadly accidents. The mining f these metals is even knwn t prduce radiactive (放射性的) wastewater!”（虽然有几家公司正在努力实现绿色，但众所周知，采矿业有着污染和致命事故风险等已知危险的历史。开采这些金属甚至会产生放射性废水！）以及第一题解析可知，这篇文章主要描写电动汽车面临的挑战。A项“电动车面临的危险”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选A。
16．B
17．C
18．D
19．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述电动车的电池的寿命以及技术等相关信息。
16．词句猜测题。根据第一段“That is a nuisance, but a phne’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply r the whle handset traded in fr the latest mdel.(这很讨厌，但手机的电池可以相当便宜地更换，或者用整个手机换成最新款。) ”可知，手机电池更换不贵。根据划线句中的Hwever可知前后是转折关系，由此猜测划线部分句子意为“电动车更换电池很贵”。故选B。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段“Regular fast-charging reduces battery life, as d vercharging and deep discharging. (定期快速充电会缩短电池寿命，过度充电和深度放电也会缩短电池寿命)”可知，电池充满电就拔下来不会缩短电池寿命。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ Fr example, t prevent water frm frming an acid by attacking the electrdes (电极), GM has develped an addictive made frm zelites (沸石)—mlecular spnges, which serves t mp up any misture which enters a battery cell.(例如，为了防止水通过腐蚀电极形成酸，通用汽车公司开发了一种由沸石分子海绵制成的添加剂，用于清除进入电池的任何水分。)”可知添加沸石是为了防止水通过腐蚀电极形成酸，不会促进酸化反应，D项“添加沸石以促进电池中的酸化化学反应。”错误。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As a marketing device, the millin-mile battery will give electric-car buyers mre cnfidence in their batteries. But it is anything but the limit f engineers’ aspiratins. The next bjective is t replace Li-ins’ liquid electrlytes (电解液) with slid nes, which culd make a tw-millin-mile battery a feasible bjective.(作为一种营销手段，百万英里电池将使电动汽车购买者对其电池更有信心。但这绝不是工程师们的愿望的极限。下一个目标是用固体电解质取代锂离子的液体电解质，这可能使200万英里的电池成为一个可行的目标。)”可知，工程师一直在努力开发寿命更长的电池。故选A。
20．C
21．D
22．B
23．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准。
20．细节理解题。根据第一段“Peple suffer frm the miscnceptin that nt using fssil fuel means “green” which is kind f absurd, cnsidering the electricity we use is generated by burning the very same fuels!”（人们有一种误解，认为不使用化石燃料就意味着“绿色”，这是一种荒谬的想法，因为我们使用的电力是通过燃烧同样的燃料产生的!）可知，为什么电动汽车不环保是它们靠燃烧燃料产生的电力运转。故选C。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段“Firstly, slar panels ccupy a large amunt f area.”（首先，太阳能电池板占据了大量的面积。）和“Als, mderate sunny temperature needs t be ideal, as extremely high temperatures can reduce the efficiency f the slar panels.”（此外，温和的阳光温度需要是理想的，因为极高的温度会降低太阳能电池板的效率。）以及“Mre imprtantly, the cst f the panels and develpment required t pwer the electrnics using the sun’s energy utweighs the benefits that slar panels prvide.”（更重要的是，利用太阳能为电子设备供电所需的电池板成本和开发成本超过了太阳能电池板提供的好处。）可知，目前太阳能电池板的性能取决于多方面的因素。故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段“While there is still time befre we will be able t drive cars fully pwered by slar energy, there are sme alternatives, such as slar pwer statins, which are being designed t reduce ur reliance n fssil fuels fr electricity.”（虽然我们还需要一段时间才能驾驶完全由太阳能驱动的汽车，但仍有一些替代品，如太阳能发电站，其目的是减少我们对化石燃料的电力依赖。）可知，目前，汽车可以由太阳能发电站提供动力。故选B。
23．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Slar-pwered vehicles are surely the future, but nt the near future. As the cst f slar panels cntinues t fall and their efficiency increases, things will begin t lk much “brighter” fr this alternative and sustainable ptin!”（太阳能汽车肯定是未来，但不是不久的将来。随着太阳能电池板的成本持续下降，其效率不断提高，对于这种替代性和可持续性的选择，情况将开始变得更加“光明”！）可知，主要介绍目前的电动汽车虽不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是绿色的。目前使用的太阳能电池板的效率取决于是否满足不同的标准可知，D项“太阳能汽车能取代电动汽车吗?”为短文最佳标题。故选D。
24．B
25．D
26．D
27．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章援引英国政府的政策，对电动汽车的未来进行了讨论。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段二三四句“But is that easier said than dne? The rad t glbal traffic being ttally electric is still a lng way ff. Currently, battery life is an issue -a fully charged battery wn’t take yu as far as a full tank f petrl. There are als limited numbers f charging pints t plug an EV int. (但是不是说起来容易做起来难呢？全球交通完全电子化的道路仍有很长的路要走。目前，电池寿命是个问题——充满电的电池不能像加满一箱汽油那么远。此外，可供电动汽车充电的充电点数量也有限。)”可知，作者认为英国政府的声明是不现实的。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段中Clin Herrn 所说“The big leap frward will cme with slid state batteries, which will appear first in mbile phnes and laptps befre they prgress t cars. These will charge mre quickly and give cars a bigger range. (固态电池将带来巨大的飞跃，它将首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑上，然后才会发展到汽车上。这些电池充电更快，续航里程更远)”可知，Clin Herrn在第二段中想强调的是固态电池是帮助电动汽车走得更远的关键。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Sme als prvide exclusive lanes (专用车道) fr electric cars t be driven n, vertaking traditinal cars which might be stuck in jams. (一些国家还为电动汽车提供了专用车道，超过了可能会被堵在路上的传统汽车。)”可知，因为在一些国家电动汽车有自己的车道，所以能避免交通堵塞。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第三句“The rad t glbal traffic being ttally electric is still a lng way ff. (全球交通完全电子化的道路仍有很长的路要走。)”和最后一段第一句“But Clin Herrn warns that ‘electric mtring’ desn’t mean a zer-carbn future. (但Clin Herrn警告说，‘电动汽车’并不意味着零碳排放的未来。)”可知，本文主要讨论了电动汽车的未来。选项A“电动汽车的未来”符合文章主题，适合做标题。故选A。
28．B
29．B
30．C
31．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了世界主要汽车制造商之一——通用汽车，今年1月宣布到2035年将停止销售汽油动力汽车，汽车电动化将是未来的趋势。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In January, the cmpany set a gal: It will stp selling gas-pwered cars by 2035. It means the cmpany will make mre battery-pwered vehicles.(今年1月，该公司设定了一个目标：到2035年停止销售汽油动力汽车。这意味着该公司将生产更多的电池驱动汽车)”可知，到2035年，通用汽车将只生产电动汽车。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists say it’s imprtant t mve away frm gas pwered vehicles. Ding s will fight climate change.(科学家们表示，重要的是要远离汽油驱动的汽车。这样做将对抗气候变化)”可知，停止销售汽油汽车的目的是为了应对气候变化。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“When yu use up a battery, yu can recycle the material(当你用完一个电池时，你可以回收材料)”可知，锂离子电池的特别之处在于它的材料是可回收的。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In January, the cmpany set a gal: It will stp selling gas-pwered cars by 2035. It means the cmpany will make mre battery-pwered vehicles.(今年1月，该公司设定了一个目标：到2035年停止销售汽油动力汽车。这意味着该公司将生产更多的电池驱动汽车)”及第三段中的“It is nw very clear that ging electric is the future. (现在很明显，电动化是未来的趋势)”可知，文章主要介绍了汽车行业电动化的趋势。由此可知，Carmakers’ Plan f Ging Electric(汽车制造商的电动化计划)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
32．D
33．A
34．B
35．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近来英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊颁布了一项新法令：新建住宅必须依法配备电动汽车充电桩。这一法规的出台，除了解决电动车充电问题以外，也将促进英国交通方式的“彻底变革”。
32．词义猜测题。根据第二段“The mve cmes as the UK aims t switch t electric cars, with new petrl and diesel (柴油)cars sales banned frm 2030. ”（此举出台之际，英国正计划转向电动汽车，从2030年起禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车）可知，英国将对汽车、卡车、公共汽车以及其他交通运输方式进行一次“彻底的改革”。由此推知radically 的意思是“彻底地”。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段话“Britain currently has abut 25, 000 charging pints, but the Cmpetitin and Markets Authrity has said it culd need 10 times as many befre 2030. The switch t electric vehicles is part f the UK’s strategy t hit climate targets, with cars and taxis accunting fr 16％ f UK emissins (排放量) in 2019.(英国目前大约有25000个充电站，但竞争与市场管理局表示，到2030年，英国可能需要10倍于现在的充电站。 转向电动汽车是英国实现气候目标战略的一部分，2019年汽车和出租车的排放量占英国的16%。 )”可知，英国目前充电点的数量还远远不够。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段话“Mike Childs, Friends f the Earth’s head f plicy, welcmed the gvernment’s annuncement, adding that electric vehicles had a “significant rle t play in building a zer-carbn future”. (地球之友政策负责人迈克•蔡尔兹对政府的声明表示欢迎，并补充称，电动汽车“在建设零碳未来方面发挥了重要作用”。)”可知, Mike Childs对政府的新法律持赞同态度。故选B项。
35．主旨大意题。根据第一段话“New hmes and buildings in England will be required by law t fix electric vehicle charging pints frm next year, the prime minister has annunced. The gvernment said the mve will see up t 145, 000 charging pints fixed acrss the cuntry each year. (英国首相宣布，从明年起，英国的新住宅和建筑将被法律要求安装电动汽车充电站。 政府表示，此举将使全国每年固定多达14.5万个充电站。)”可知，文章主要介绍了近来英国首相鲍里斯约翰逊颁布了一项新法令：新建住宅必须依法配备电动汽车充电桩。这一法规的出台，除了解决电动车充电问题以外，也将促进英国交通方式的“彻底变革”。所以短文的最佳标题为“英国新住宅将配备充电桩”。故选D项。