专题15 考古发现-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题）

这是一份专题15 考古发现-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题），共21页。试卷主要包含了8m and 66，4 and 3等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题15 考古发现
（2023·辽宁·校联考一模）A new fur-legged whale species was recently discvered by a team f researchers in Egypt. The fssil which was encased in a tmb f rck dates back t ver 43 millin years ag!
This ancient creature had fur functinal legs, s it culd dwell n bth land and in water. Irnically, Egypt’s Fayum Depressin, the desert where the fssil was discvered, was an cean millins f years ag.
Researchers believe this fssil is an example frm an era when land animals were adapting t marine life. Mdern whales evlved frm deer-like land mammals (哺乳动物) ver the curse f millins f years, and this unique whale culd travel acrss land and swim in the cean.
The new species is named Phimicetus Anubis because the whale’s skull (颅骨) resembles the Egyptian jackal-headed gd f death, Anubis. Scientists have als been able t recver the whale’s partial skeletn (骨骼). They inferred that the ancient whale was abut three meters in length and weighed 1,300 punds. The mammal had a lng muthful f teeth, which indicated that it fed n smaller mammals and ther sea life.
After analyzing the remains at Mansura University in the Nile River Delta, scientists suppsed that P. Anubis is the ldest semi-aquatic whale species fund in Africa. Althugh the fssil itself was discvered thirteen years ag, researchers just cmpleted the analysis and made the exciting annuncement f a new species. Other whale fssils with legs have been fund befre, but the P. Anubis is the earliest, f its kind fund in Africa.
1．Where did the researchers find the fssil?
A．In the India Ocean.B．On the Rck Islands.
C．In the Fayum Depressin.D．In the Nile River Delta.
2．What helped scientists figure ut Phimicetus Anubis’s diet?
A．Its weight.B．Its length.C．Its teeth.D．Its legs.
3．What can we infer frm the text?
A．The study f Phimicetus Anubis is time-cnsuming.
B．The analysis f Phimicetus Anubis has a lng way t g.
C．Phimicetus Anubis is the ldest mammal fund in Africa.
D．Phimicetus Anubis is the wrld’s largest semi-aquatic whale species.
4．Which is the best title f this text?
A．A whale that culd travel acrss land
B．A new species that was named by Anubis
C．An annuncement that made the wrld excited
D．A mdern creature that evlved frm deer-like land mammals
（2022秋·浙江杭州·高三学军中学校考阶段练习）Humans evlved frm apes. This is what we learned in bilgy class. But what came befre apes? Chinese scientists have discvered fssils that culd enrich the evlutinary stry f hw humans evlved frm fish.
Accrding t fur articles published in the jurnal Nature in late September, Chinese researchers fund fish fssils that prvide the “missing link” abut the rigin f the jaw, a key feature that 99.8 percent f vertebrate (脊椎动物) species have.
Zhu Min, a lead researcher f the studies frm the Chinese Academy f Sciences, said that the findings drew a large amunt f interest in the science wrld due t the imprtance f jaws in animal evlutin.
Hwever, the rise f the jaw had been a mystery due t a lack f sufficient fssil evidence t supprt that jawed vertebrates lived 450 millin years ag.
The latest findings made by Zhu’s team presented a set f five surprisingly well-preserved fish fssils that included three whle-bdied fish, helping scientists paint a mre accurate evlutinary picture f the rigin f the jaw. The fish fssils were discvered at tw sites in Chngqing and Guizhu, whse strata (岩层) date back t the Silurian Perid that began arund 440 millin years ag.
These fssils shw that jawed fish were already thriving (繁荣) in the wrld’s ancient ceans at that time. Later n, mre diverse and larger jawed fish evlved and began t spread arund the wrld, paving the way fr sme fish t eventually g n land and evlve int ther animals — including humans.
“These fssils prvide an unprecedented (前所未有的) pprtunity t peek int the ‘dawn f fish’ and help scientists trace many human bdy structures back t these ancient fish thus filling sme key gaps in the evlutinary histry f hw fish evlved int humans,” Zhu said.
5．In which clumn f a magazine will yu mst prbably read the passage?
A．Yur Vice.B．Animals.
C．Science Study.D．Histry.
6．Why did the findings draw a large amunt f interest in the science wrld?
A．Because jaws are a key trait f all vertebrate species.
B．Because jaws are significant in animal evlutin.
C．Because the rise f the jaw had been a mystery.
D．Because there is a lack f sufficient evidence.
7．What des the underlined phrase “at that time” refer t?
A．Arund 440 millin years ag.
B．Arund 450 millin years ag.
C．When jawed fish began t spread arund the wrld.
D．When fish evlved int humans.
8．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Wh Are Our Ancestrs?B．What Came Befre Apes?
C．The Origin f the JawD．Key Gaps in Evlutin
（2023秋·云南楚雄·高三统考期末）Fssils are well preserved remains, impressins, r traces (痕迹) f animals and plants that lived lng ag. Palentlgists (古生物学家) divide fssils int tw main grups. Sme fssils, called bdy fssils, shw the structure f the plant r the animal. They frm directly frm the remains f plants and animals. Other fssils, called trace fssils. They recrd signs f animal r plant activities, such as walking, feeding, scratching, r even resting.
Mst animals and plants dn’t becme fssils after they die. They break dwn int little bits r may be eaten by ther animals. But sme remains get buried t fast, aviding thse things happening. An animal might die near a bdy f water and sink t the bttm, where its remains get cvered in sediment (沉积物). As sediment builds up, mineral-rich water seeps int the remains, leaving minerals in the tiny spaces f the bnes and even replacing the riginal bnes. The new minerals react with thse in the animal’s remains and then harden int fssils.
Mst fssils are buried deep in the Earth. As the Earth’s surface changes, scientists can dig up new fssils and learn mre abut past life and the Earth’s histry. In rck that frmed befre a certain time, rughly 2.8 millin years ag, scientists will nt find human fssils.
Fssils are ur keys t understanding prehistric life and the Earth’s histry. By studying fssils, we learn abut a great variety f plants and animals that lived in the past. We can knw what they lked like, hw and where they mved and what they ate. By cmparing fssils frm different time perids, we can track the evlutin f a species, see hw it adapted t changes in its envirnment, and understand mre abut the climate and envirnment where the fssils were buried.
9．What can we learn frm paragraph 1?
A．Fssils are remains f plants and animals.
B．Trace fssils nly tell us the activities f animals.
C．Trace fssils frm directly frm the remains f creatures.
D．Bdy fssils shw almst the riginal structure f creatures.
10．What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A．Where we can find fssils.B．Hw animals and plants becme fssils.
C．Different fssils have different features.D．Which methds are used t study fssils.
11．What des the underlined phrase “seeps int” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Engages in.B．Succeeds in.C．Delights in.D．Sinks in.
12．What des the authr think f the research f fssils?
A．Ridiculus.B．Cmplex.C．Significant.D．Inspiring.
（2022·上海徐汇·统考一模）A rich burial was unearthed by archaelgists at La Almlya, sutheastern Spain that is the cradle f the El Argar civilizatin, which lived in the regin during the Brnze Age.
La Almlya was a primary center f plitics and wealth in the El Argar territry, and althugh the discvery was made in 2014, experts are nw taking a clser lk at the scilgical and plitical cntext f the unearthed treasure.
The remains f a wman, alng with a man wh may have been her husband, were discvered in the frested hills f the area. Radicarbn dating suggests the burial happened arund 1700 BC．The pair were fund with 30 bjects cntaining precius metals and semi-precius stnes, including the silver diadem (王冠), which encircled the skull (颅骨) f the wman.
Experts believe that the man in the grave was prbably a warrir; wear and tear n his bnes indicate he spent a lt f time n hrseback, and his skull had deep scars frm a facial injury, while gld plugs thrugh his earlbes indicated he was smene f distinctin.
The wman, named the “Princess f La Almlya”, was buried a shrt time after the man, with vast quantities f jewellery: bracelets, earlbe plugs and rings, t name a few. The grave gds f the wman were wrth tens f thusands f dllars in tday’s mney.
“We have tw ways f interpreting this,” says archaelgist Rbert Risch f the Autnmus University f Barcelna. “Either yu say, it’s just the wife f the king; r yu say, n, she’s a plitical persnality by herself.”
Risch is a c-authr f a study that was recently published abut the imprtant findings, that nted the building under which the grave was fund was f equal imprtance—a building specifically dedicated t gverning purpses in Western Eurpe. A wide hall was excavated (挖掘), with high ceilings, a raised platfrm, and a capacity fr mre than 50 peple t sit n benches that lined the walls. “It’s a building where peple culd be sitting listening t each ther, r t smene explaining smething,” says Risch, “There is n evidence f fd and n clear-cut religius artefacts, s it desn’t lk like a hme r a temple.”
The discvery at La Almlya shed new light n the plitics and gender relatins in ne f the first urban scieties f the West. Previus findings have revealed that wmen were cnsidered adults at a much yunger age than bys were. Excavated grave gds have highlighted that girls as yung as six were buried with knives and tls, but bys wuld be in their teens by the time they wuld be buried alngside such bjects.
Additinally, the graves f sme wmen frm EI Argar were repened generatins later t bury ther men and wmen, an unusual practice that experts believe wuld have been a very high hnr. “What exactly their plitical pwer was, we dn’t knw,” Risch adds. “But this burial at La Almlya questins the rle f wmen in [Brnze Age] plitics... it questins a lt f cnventinal wisdm.”
13．The wman discvered at La Almlya ________.
A．prved t be a princess during the Brnze Age
B．was buried lng after her husband’s death
C．lived in an ancient sciety called El Argar
D．was hlding a silver diadem when unearthed
14．The man in the grave was believed t be a warrir mainly because ________.
A．he had gld plugs thrugh his earlbesB．he was buried next t the wman
C．he was buried with knives and tlsD．he had injuries and scars n his bnes
15．Accrding t Risch, the ancient building seemed t ________.
A．have been used fr plitical meetingsB．have served sme religius purpses
C．be the first temple built in Western EurpeD．be specially dedicated t fd trading
16．What can be inferred frm the discvery at La Almlya?
A．Wmen were buried with mre riches than men in the Brnze Age.
B．The rle f wmen in Brnze Age plitics had been verestimated.
C．Wmen may have been pwerful rulers in the El Argar civilizatin.
D．Wmen were cnsidered adults at a much yunger age than bys.
（2022秋·广东茂名·高三统考期中）A new study prvides the earliest knwn evidence f amputatin — the medical term fr cutting ff a part f a persn’s bdy. Arund 31,000 years ag, a yung adult had his left ft and part f his left leg remved in what is mdern-day Indnesia, the study suggests.
Scientists say the ancient surgery was perfrmed when the persn was a child — and that the individual went n t live fr years. It suggests that humans were carrying ut medical peratins much earlier than scientists had thught.
Tim Malney, the study’s lead researcher, said that researchers were explring a cave in Brne, a rainfrest area knwn fr ancient rck art, when they came acrss the persn’s burial.
Althugh much f the skeletn(骨骼)remained, it was missing its left ft and the lwer part f its left leg, Malney explained. After examining the remains, the researchers cncluded the ft bnes were nt missing frm the burial r lst in an accident. Instead, the bnes had been carefully remved. The remaining leg bne shwed a clean cut that healed ver, Malney said. There were n signs f infectin, which wuld be expected if the child had gtten its leg bitten ff by a creature like a crcdile. And there were als n signs f a crushing fracture(粉碎性骨折),which wuld have been expected if the leg had been cut ff in an accident.
The child appears t have lived fr arund six t nine mre years after lsing the limb, eventually dying frm unknwn causes as a yung adult, researchers said.
The evidence suggests that the ancient peple knew enugh abut medicine t perfrm the surgery withut fatal bld lss r infectin. Researchers d nt knw what kind f tl was used t perfrm the surgery, r hw infectin was prevented. But they believe that a sharp stne tl may have made the cut, and sme f the plant life in the area culd have been used fr medical treatment.
“The discvery f this early surgery rewrites the histry f human medical knwledge and develpments,”Malney said at a press cnference.
17．What can we knw abut the ancient surgery?
A．It was discvered by accident.
B．It was later than scientists had thught.
C．Researchers have cmpletely understd it.
D．The yung adult died sn after receiving surgery.
18．What des the furth paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The child’s miserable experience.
B．The reasn fr the child’s injury.
C．The evidence f amputatin.
D．The significance f the discvery.
19．What des the underlined wrd“limb”in paragraph 5 refer t?
A．Living envirnment.
B．Family and relatives.
C．One f the unknwn causes.
D．Left ft and part f his left leg.
20．What’s Malney’s attitude twards the discvery f the ancient surgery?
A．Dubtful.B．Psitive.
C．Puzzled.D．Critical.
（2023春·广东广州·高三广州市第七中学校考阶段练习）Sme late Stne Age Eurpeans may have carried make-up inside mini bttles wrm arund their necks r waists mre than 6,000 years ag.
Researchers have fund traces f ingredients knwn t be used in csmetic frmulatins (配力) by later civilizatins inside small bttles unearthed in Slvenia, dating t between 4350 and 4100 B．C, mre than 200 years earlier than previusly thught. In 2014, Bine Kramberger at the Institute fr the PCHS fund a mini ceramic bttle al an ancient site nce ccupied by peple f the Lasinja culture in arund 4350 B．C．Mre than 100 similar bttles have als been fund.
Their purpse was unknwn, but it is thught that sme might have been children’s tys. Curiusly, mst f them have hles in their tiny handles r edges that archaelgists think peple threaded string thrugh, enabling them t be wrn arund the neck r waist. But Kramberger’s find was different because it cntained a slid white substance. “It was clear that it had valuable infrmatin because in such ld archaelgical sites, we rarely find cntainers that still keep remains f their frmer cntent,“ he says.
Lng and thin stne tls were fund near the bttle, which culd have been used t extract the substance within. Nw, Kramberger and his clleagues have analysed the substance in the bttle and examined 13 thers frm the same perid.
The mystery material cntained a white lead mineral called cerussite, while different lead minerals were identified in tw ther bttles. The three lead-cntaining bttles als had cntents cming frm beeswax (蜂蜡) inside.
The bttles’ cntents culd have been used fr painting. says Kramberger. But he says it is mre likely that they were csmetics, because they cntained cmmn ingredients fr such prducts knwn frm later cultures. Cerussite pwder was very ppular amng the ancient Greeks and Rmans fr skin whitening and remedies, despite is knwn txicity (毒性).
Gaydarska says the new study supprts what archaelgists have lng thught—“that the abilities and cultures f Nelithic peple were far mre cmprehensive and cmplicated than they are ften given credit fr”.
21．Why are the small bttles unearthed in Slvenia special?
A．The bttles might have been wrn arund the necks r waists.
B．The bttles cntained sme ingredients related t the make-up.
C．The time f the bttles is much earlier than previusly thught.
D．Researchers were astnished at the number f the similar bttles.
22．Accrding t Kramberger’s finding, what is the substance cntained in the bttles?
A．String.B．White paint.C．Stne tls.D．Cerussite.
23．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．The technlgy f extracting substances was already advanced in ancient times.
B．Cerussite pwder was a perfect slutin t skin prblems fr ancient Eurpeans.
C．It’s easy fr archaelgists t find the cntainers with remains f frmer cntent.
D．The cultures f Nelithic peple were cmmnly believed t be easy and simple.
24．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Peple in ancient times had an eye fr beauty.
B．Eurpeans may have wrn make-up in the Stne Age.
C．Cntents f the bttles fund in Slvenia were analyzed.
D．There are varius reasns fr ancient Eurpeans’ wearing make-up.
（2022秋·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）
Fssil by fssil, the stry f the birds becmes clearer. It is nw well established that mdern birds are actually a grup f dinsaurs, which survived a crash between the earth and a small planet 66m years ag. This impact wiped ut the rest f the dinsaur wrld, alng with a lt f ther creatures.
Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details f a fssil, which thse studying it believe prvides ur earliest view f what mdern birds were like during the initial stages f their evlutinal histry. The fssil in questin is called Asterirnis maastrichtensis. As its name suggests, the rck cntaining it was dug frm depsits(沉积层)fund near Maastricht. These depsits are between 66.8m and 66.7m years ld.
This particular rck interested palaentlgists(古生物学家)because it included visible leg bnes that lked as thugh they belnged t a bird. Such ancient fssils are rare, s instead f chancing their arms by using physical r chemical methds t explre the rck fr mre remains,Daniel Field f Cambridge University and his clleagues emplyed a CT scan, a prcess mre familiar t mst peple as a medical-scanning technique. The result, an image f the animal’s skull with false clurs added t clarify which bits are which, can be seen in the picture.
Asterirnis maastrichtensis des indeed turn ut t be a member f the mdern birds. Specifically, it is part f the Gallanserae, which includes bth land fwl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and mdern waterfwl, like ducks and the like. The skull f Asterirnis maastrichtensis exhibits features f bth grups, s it mst prbably predates the divisin between them. And its discvery in Eurpe pens up the debate abut whether mdern birds riginated in the suthern part f the earth, as has been prpsed.
As t what it lked like when alive, the animal’s left upper leg, its best-preserved bne besides thse f its skull, suggests Asterirnis maastrichtensis was a lng-legged creature that marched arund. This, and evidence that the rck it was preserved in was riginally part f a fssil shreline,has led t recnstructins f mdern waterfwl.
Asterirnis maastrichtensis shws that a single fssil can help t nail dwn previusly uncertain dates. The age f the fssil, in fact, suggests that thse previus estimates, based n s-called mlecular clcks(分子钟),might have verestimated hw early the mdern birds arse.Based n the discvery f Asterirnis maastrichtensis, the smart mney is nw n the mdern birds as a grup being nly a little lder than the dinsaur-killing impact itself.
25．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．The details f the fssil are still in dubt.
B．The depsits were named after the fssil.
C．The crash caused the extinctin f dinsaurs.
D．The fssil is seen as the ldest mdern bird skull.
26．What can be inferred abut Asterirnis maastrichtensis frm the passage?
A．It attracts palaentlgists as a rare ancient species.
B．It can present the whle picture f mdern waterfwl.
C．It allws researchers t cnfirm where mdern birds emerged.
D．It may be the cmmn ancestr f mdern chickens and ducks.
27．Accrding t the passage, the authr may agree that_______.
A．fssils prmte the accuracy f histrical dates
B．it’s nt wise t dig the depsits fr mre remains
C．we can’t trust fssils mre than mlecular clcks
D．mre investment shuld be made t study fssils
（2022·浙江湖州·校联考一模）Scientists have slved a puzzle abut mdern humans, after research shwed that a famus skull f a human ancestr fund in Suth Africa is a millin years lder than experts thught. This discvery has changed what we knw f human histry.
The skull, which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”, is frm an ape-like human relative frm a species called Australpithecus africanus (南方古猿). It was fund near Jhannesburg in 1947 and, based n evidence frm its surrundings, was thught t be between 2. 1 and 2. 6 millin years ld. This puzzled scientists, because althugh Mrs Ples lks like a pssible early ancestr f early humans, the first true humans had already evlved by the time she apparently lived. Fr this reasn, scientists had decided that Australpithecus afarensis, a similar species frm East Africa that lived abut 3.5 millin years ag, was ur mst likely ancestr instead.
T get a mre accurate age fr Mrs Ples, a team led by Prfessr Darryl Granger f Purdue University in Indiana, US, used a new methd t date the sandy rcks where the skull lay. They measured the amunt f certain chemicals in rcks, which frm at a steady rate when they are expsed t csmic rays (宇宙射线) n Earth’s surface. Once rcks are buried, these chemicals stp frming and slwly disappear;the surviving amunt reveals hw much time has passed since the rck (r bnes) were n the surface.
The new study shws that Mrs Ples and ther australpithecine bnes nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 millin years ld. This means they lived at the same time as their East African relatives, s that either grup culd have given rise t mdern humans. Hwever, team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pinted ut that ver millins f years, at nly 2,500 miles away, these grups had plenty f time t travel and t breed with each ther. In ther wrds, the grups culd quite easily have met, had children tgether and bth been part f the histry f mdern humans.
28．What can we learn abut Mrs Ples frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．It is a skull fund in East Africa.
B．It is the mst pssible ancestr f humans.
C．It is a millin years lder than scientists expected.
D．It is prved t live between 2.1 and 2.6 millin years ag.
29．Hw did scientists get the accurate age f “Mrs Ples”?
A．By studying the effect f csmic rays.
B．By calculating the frming rate f chemicals.
C．By lcating the sandy rcks where the skull lay.
D．By measuring the surviving amunt f chemicals.
30．What can we infer frm the new study?
A．Mdern humans came int being in East Africa.
B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with East African relatives.
C．The histry f mdern humans might begin 3.5 millin years ag.
D．Ape-like species frm Africa culd have interacted with each ther.
31．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Histrical Puzzle UnslvedB．Ancestr Mystery Slved
C．Mrs Ples: The Earliest Human BeingD．Mrs Ples: A Famus Skull
（2022·全国·高三专题练习）A child’s tth discvered frm a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence f humans—Hm sapiens (智人)—living in western Eurpe. The discvery f the mlar frm Grtte Mandrin in suthern France, alng with hundreds f stne tls dating back abut 54.000 years ag, suggests that early humans lived in Eurpe abut 10.000 years earlier than archaelgists had previusly thught.
What’s mre, the Hm sapiens’ tth was sandwiched between layers f Neanderthal remains, shwing that the tw grups f humans cexisted in the regin. These findings challenge the pinin that the arrival f Hm sapiens in Eurpe caused the extinctin f Neanderthals, wh lived in Eurpe and parts f Asia fr abut 300,000 years befre disappearing.
“We’ve ften thught that the arrival f mdern humans in Eurpe led t the pretty rapid death f Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that bth the appearance f mdern humans in Eurpe and disappearance f Neanderthals is much mre cmplex than that,” said study cauthr Chris stringer, a prfessr and research leader in human evlutin at the Natural Histry Museum in Lndn.
It’s the first time archaelgists have fund evidence f alternating (交替) grups f Hm sapiens and Neanderthals living in the same place, and they tk turns rapidly, even abruptly, at least twice, accrding t the study that published in the jurnal science Advances n Wednesday. Previusly, the arrival f early humans in Eurpe was dated t between 43,000 and 45,000 years ag, accrding t remains fund in Italy and Bulgaria—nt lng befre the last surviving Neanderthal remains dating back 40,000 t 42,000 years ag were fund. Humans and Neanderthals, wh we knw frm genetic analysis encuntered ne anther and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in ur DNA, verlapped (重叠) fr a much lnger perid in Eurpe, this study suggests.
32．What des the underlined wrd “mlar” mean?
A．Cave.B．Tth.C．stne.D．Human.
33．What’s the previus pinin abut Neanderthals?
A．Neanderthals culd date back t 300,000 years ag.
B．Neanderthals nce lived in Eurpe and Africa.
C．Hm sapiens and Neanderthals nce lived tgether.
D．Hm sapiens led t the disappearance f Neanderthals.
34．What can be inferred frm Chris stringer’s wrds?
A．Peple shuld analyze the lss f Neanderthals carefully.
B．Mdern humans in Eurpe led t the death f Neanderthals.
C．Hm sapiens in Eurpe made Neanderthals extinct.
D．The new evidence shws the prcess f human evlutin.
35．What can we learn abut Hm sapiens and Neanderthals frm the last paragraph?
A．They lived in the same place at the same time.
B．They treated each ther as the enemies.
C．They had sme srt f cmplicated relatins.
D．They lived in Italy and Bulgaria 40,000 t 42,000 years ag.
二、七选五
参考答案：
1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了埃及一组研究人员的新发现——一种四足鲸。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Irnically, Egypt’s Fayum Depressin, the desert where the fssil was discvered, was an cean millins f years ag.(具有讽刺意味的是，发现化石的埃及Fayum Depressin沙漠在数百万年前是一片海洋)”可知，研究人员在Fayum Depressin发现的化石。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段“The mammal had a lng muthful f teeth, which indicated that it fed n smaller mammals and ther sea life.(这种哺乳动物有一口长长的牙齿，这表明它以较小的哺乳动物和其他海洋生物为食)”可知，Phimicetus Anubis帮助科学家们弄清楚它的饮食。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“After analyzing the remains at Mansura University in the Nile River Delta, scientists suppsed that P. Anubis is the ldest semi-aquatic whale species fund in Africa. Althugh the fssil itself was discvered thirteen years ag, researchers just cmpleted the analysis and made the exciting annuncement f a new species.(在分析了尼罗河三角洲曼苏拉大学的遗骸后，科学家们认为P. Anubis是非洲发现的最古老的半水生鲸鱼物种。虽然化石本身是13年前发现的，但研究人员刚刚完成分析，并宣布了一个令人兴奋的新物种)”可推知，研究Phimicetus Anubis很费时间。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new fur-legged whale species was recently discvered by a team f researchers in Egypt. The fssil which was encased in a tmb f rck dates back t ver 43 millin years ag!(埃及的一组研究人员最近发现了一种新的四足鲸。这个化石被埋在一个岩石坟墓里，可以追溯到4300多万年前！)”可知，本文介绍的是新发现的一种四足鲸。由此可知，A选项“可以穿越陆地的鲸鱼”符合本文主旨，适合做标题。故选A。
5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了中国科学家发现的下颚化石有助于帮助我们更好的理解人类从鱼类进化而来的历史。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第一段第四句“Chinese scientists have discvered fssils that culd enrich the evlutinary stry f hw humans evlved frm fish.”（中国科学家发现了一些化石，有助于丰富有关人类从鱼类进化而来的进化故事）并结合全文可知，主要介绍的是人类早期的进化研究，属于科学研究的范围。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“the findings drew a large amunt f interest in the science wrld due t the imprtance f jaws in animal evlutin.”（这些发现引起了科学家的极大兴趣，因为下颚在动物进化中有非常重要的作用。）可知，这些发现引起科学家的兴趣是因为下颚在进化中的重要作用。故选B项。
7．词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“The fish fssils were discvered at tw sites in Chngqing and Guizhu, whse strata (岩层) date back t the Silurian Perid that began arund 440 millin years ag.”（在重庆和贵州的两个地方发现了鱼化石，这两个地方的岩层可以追溯到志留纪，大概4.4亿年前。）可知，“at that time”指的是大概4.4亿年前。故选A项。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句和第四句“But what came befre apes? Chinese scientists have discvered fssils that culd enrich the evlutinary stry f hw humans evlved frm fish.”（在猿猴之前是什么呢？中国科学家发现了一些化石，有助于丰富有关人类从鱼类进化而来的进化故事。）并结合全文可知，主要介绍了中国科学家发现了一些下颚化石，有助于更好的理解人类早期的进化。这些进化都是发生在类人猿之前的历史。故选B项。
9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了化石的形成和作用。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Sme fssils, called bdy fssils, shw the structure f the plant r the animal.(一些化石，被称为身体化石，显示了植物或动物的结构。)”可知，实体化石能够呈现动植物的结构。故选D项。
10．主旨大意题。根据第二段首句“Mst animals and plants dn’t becme fssils after they die. They break dwn int little bits r may be eaten by ther animals.(大多数动植物在它们死后不会变成化石。它们会分解成碎片，也可能被其他动物吃掉。)”以及尾句“The new minerals react with thse in the animal’s remains and then harden int fssils.(这些新的矿物质与动物遗骸中的矿物质发生反应，然后硬化成化石。)”可知，该段主要介绍了化石的形成过程。故选B项。
11．词句猜测题。分析句子结构可知，画线短语后半句“leaving minerals in the tiny spaces f the bnes and even replacing the riginal bnes.(在骨骼的微小空间中留下矿物质，甚至取代了原来的骨骼。)”为现在分词短语作结果状语，在骨头的微小空间中留下矿物质是划线单词产生的结果，由此可推断划线短语的意思是“渗入”的意思，只有先渗入遗骸，才会导致骨头的微小空间中留下矿物质。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的首句“Fssils are ur keys t understanding prehistric life and the Earth’s histry.(化石是我们理解史前生命和地球历史的关键。)”以及尾句“By cmparing fssils frm different time perids, we can track the evlutin f a species, see hw it adapted t changes in its envirnment, and understand mre abut the climate and envirnment where the fssils were buried.(通过比较来自不同时期的化石，我们可以追踪一个物种的进化，了解它如何适应环境的变化，并更多地了解化石所在的气候和环境。)”可知，作者认为研究化石是有重大意义的。故选C项。
13．C 14．D 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍考古学家在西班牙东南部的拉阿尔莫洛亚（La Almlya）发现了一个丰富的墓葬，那里是阿尔加尔文明的发源地。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“A rich burial was unearthed by archaelgists at La Almlya, sutheastern Spain that is the cradle f the El Argar civilizatin, which lived in the regin during the Brnze Age.(考古学家在西班牙东南部的拉阿尔莫洛亚（La Almlya）发现了一个丰富的墓葬，那里是阿尔加尔文明的发源地，该文明在青铜时代就生活在该地区。)”和第三段“The remains f a wman, alng with a man wh may have been her husband, were discvered in the frested hills f the area. Radicarbn dating suggests the burial happened arund 1700 BC.(在该地区森林覆盖的山丘上发现了一名妇女的遗体，以及一名可能是她的丈夫的男子。放射性碳年代测定表明，埋葬发生在公元前1700年左右。)”可知，在La Almlya被发现的女性是生活在被叫做阿尔加尔文明的远古时代。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“Experts believe that the man in the grave was prbably a warrir; wear and tear n his bnes indicate he spent a lt f time n hrseback, and his skull had deep scars frm a facial injury, while gld plugs thrugh his earlbes indicated he was smene f distinctin.(专家认为，墓穴中的男子可能是一名战士；骨头上的磨损表明他在马背上度过了很多时间，他的头骨上有面部受伤留下的深深伤疤，而耳垂上的金塞表明他是一位杰出的人物。)”可知，专家们从男子骨头上留下的磨损和伤疤推测他生前可能是一名战士。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第七段“Risch is a c-authr f a study that was recently published abut the imprtant findings, that nted the building under which the grave was fund was f equal imprtance—a building specifically dedicated t gverning purpses in Western Eurpe. A wide hall was excavated (挖掘), with high ceilings, a raised platfrm, and a capacity fr mre than 50 peple t sit n benches that lined the walls. “It’s a building where peple culd be sitting listening t each ther, r t smene explaining smething,” says Risch, “There is n evidence f fd and n clear-cut religius artefacts, s it desn’t lk like a hme r a temple.”(Risch是最近发表的一项关于这一重要发现的研究的合著者，该研究指出，发现坟墓的建筑同样重要，这是一座专门用于西欧治理目的的建筑。一个宽阔的大厅被挖掘出来，有高高的天花板，一个凸起的平台，可以容纳50多人坐在墙上的长椅上。Risch说：“这是一座建筑，人们可以坐在那里相互倾听，或听某人解释一些事情。没有食物的证据，也没有明确的宗教文物，所以它看起来不像是一座房子或寺庙。”)”可知，在Risch看来，这些建筑可能是用于政治会议的。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据第八段“The discvery at La Almlya shed new light n the plitics and gender relatins in ne f the first urban scieties f the West. Previus findings have revealed that wmen were cnsidered adults at a much yunger age than bys were. Excavated grave gds have highlighted that girls as yung as six were buried with knives and tls, but bys wuld be in their teens by the time they wuld be buried alngside such bjects.(在La Almlya的发现为西方最早的城市社会之一的政治和性别关系提供了新的视角。此前的研究结果显示，比男孩，女性在更小的年纪就被认为是成年人。挖掘出的墓穴物品突出表明，六岁的女孩被用刀和工具埋葬，但男孩在与这些物品一起埋葬时，已经十几岁了。)”和最后一段“Additinally, the graves f sme wmen frm EI Argar were repened generatins later t bury ther men and wmen, an unusual practice that experts believe wuld have been a very high hnr.(此外，几代人之后，艾阿尔加尔一些妇女的坟墓重新开放，以埋葬其他男女，这是一种不同寻常的做法，专家们认为这将是一种非常崇高的荣誉)”可得出，在阿尔加尔文明时期，女性也许比男性拥有更大的权利。故选C。
17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究：最早的医学手术可能出现在31000年前，这远比科学家原来认为的要早得多。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Tim Malney, the study’s lead researcher, said that researchers were explring a cave in Brne, a rainfrest area knwn fr ancient rck art, when they came acrss the persn’s burial.(该研究的首席研究员蒂姆·马隆尼（Tim Malney）表示，研究人员在探索婆罗洲的一个洞穴，婆罗洲是一个以古代岩石艺术闻名的雨林地区，当时他们发现了此人的墓葬。)”可知，研究人员是无意中发现了一个墓地，然后了解到了手术的情况。故选A项。
18．主旨大意题。由第四段“After examining the remains, the researchers cncluded the ft bnes were nt missing frm the burial r lst in an accident. Instead, the bnes had been carefully remved. The remaining leg bne shwed a clean cut that healed ver,Malney said. There were n signs f infectin, which wuld be expected if the child had gtten its leg bitten ff by a creature like a crcdile.(研究人员在对遗骸进行检查后得出结论，这些脚骨并没有在葬礼中丢失，也没有在事故中丢失。相反，这些骨头被小心地移除了。马洛尼说，剩下的腿骨有一个干净的伤口，已经愈合。没有感染的迹象，如果孩子的腿被鳄鱼之类的生物咬断，这是意料之中的。)”以及本段其它内容可知，本段主要是围绕着研究人员在墓地发现了截肢证据来展开的。故选C项。
19．词义猜测题。根据第一段“a yung adult had his left ft and part f his left leg remved(一名年轻的成年人左脚和部分左腿被切除)”以及第四段“ it was missing its left ft and the lwer part f its left leg(它失去左脚和左腿下部)”可推知，画线词意为“左脚和左腿下部”。故选D项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The discvery f this early surgery rewrites the histry f human medical knwledge and develpments,’Malney said at a press cnference.(‘这种早期手术的发现改写了人类医学知识和发展的历史，’马洛尼在新闻发布会上说。)”可知，Malney 对古代手术的发现是持肯定态度的。故选B项。
21．B 22．D 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在石器时代晚期的欧洲人可能将化妆品放在脖子或腰部的微型瓶子里，研究人员在考古遗迹中发现了证据，印证了考古学家的想法——“新石器时代人的能力和文化比人们通常认为的要全面和复杂得多”。
21．细节理解题。根据第第二段“Researchers have fund traces f ingredients knwn t be used in csmetic frmulatins (配力) by later civilizatins inside small bttles unearthed in Slvenia, dating t between 4350 and 4100 B.C, mre than 200 years earlier than previusly thught.”（研究人员在斯洛文尼亚出土的小瓶中发现了后来文明在化妆品配方中使用的成分痕迹，这些成分可以追溯到公元前4350年至4100年，比之前认为的要早200多年。）可知斯洛文尼亚出土的小瓶子很特别，因为瓶子里含有一些与化妆品有关的成分。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The mystery material cntained a white lead mineral called cerussite, while different lead minerals were identified in tw ther bttles.”（这个神秘的物质含有一种叫做白铅矿的白色铅矿物，而在另外两个瓶子中发现了不同的铅矿物。）可知根据Kramberger的发现，瓶子里含有Cerussite。故选D项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gaydarska says the new study supprts what archaelgists have lng thught—“that the abilities and cultures f Nelithic peple were far mre cmprehensive and cmplicated than they are ften given credit fr”.”（盖达尔斯卡表示，这项新的研究支持了考古学家长期以来的想法——“新石器时代人的能力和文化比人们通常认为的要全面和复杂得多”。）可知人们普遍认为新石器时代的文化简单易懂。故选D项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sme late Stne Age Eurpeans may have carried make-up inside mini bttles wrm arund their necks r waists mre than 6,000 years ag.”（早在6000多年前，一些石器时代晚期的欧洲人就把化妆品装在小瓶子里，挂在脖子或腰上。）可知，文章主要讲述了研究人员的考古发现，新石器时代的欧洲人可能就开始用瓶子携带化妆品了。故选B项。
25．D 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。这个化石被称为马斯特里赫特Asterirnis maastrichtensis。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Recently a paper, published in Nature, has released the details f a fssil, which thse studying it believe prvides ur earliest view f what mdern birds were like during the initial stages f their evlutinal histry.(最近，一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的论文公布了一块化石的细节，研究它的人认为，这为我们提供了关于现代鸟类在进化史的最初阶段是什么样子的最早观点。)”可知，这块化石被认为是最古老的现代鸟类头骨。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Asterirnis maastrichtensis des indeed turn ut t be a member f the mdern birds. Specifically, it is part f the Gallanserae, which includes bth land fwl(家禽),such as chickens and its relatives, and mdern waterfwl, like ducks and the like.( 马斯特里赫特Asterirnis maastrichtensis确实是现代鸟类的一员。具体来说，它是加洛雁科的一部分，包括陆禽，如鸡及其近亲，和现代水禽，如鸭子等。)”可推知，Asterirnis maastrichtensis可能是现代鸡和鸭的共同祖先。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Asterirnis maastrichtensis shws that a single fssil can help t nail dwn previusly uncertain dates.(马斯特里赫特Asterirnis maastrichtensis表明，一个化石可以帮助确定之前不确定的日期。)”可知，作者可能会同意化石提高了历史年代的准确性。故选A。
28．C 29．D 30．D 31．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientists have slved a puzzle abut mdern humans, after research shwed that a famus skull f a human ancestr fund in Suth Africa is a millin years lder than experts thught.(科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”和第二段的“The skull, which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”(这个被科学家命名为“Ples夫人”的头骨)”可知，“Ples夫人”比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“They measured the amunt f certain chemicals in rcks, which frm at a steady rate when they are expsed t csmic rays n Earth’s surface.(他们测量了岩石中某些化学物质的含量，当它们暴露在地球表面的宇宙射线中时，这些化学物质会以稳定的速度形成)”可知，科学家通过测量化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In ther wrds, the grups culd quite easily have met, had children tgether and bth been part f the histry f mdern humans.(换句话说，这两个群体很容易相遇，一起生儿育女，都是现代人类历史的一部分)”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists have slved a puzzle abut mdern humans, after research shwed that a famus skull f a human ancestr fund in Suth Africa is a millin years lder than experts thught.(科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年)”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人的谜题，研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨比专家们认为的要早100万年，因此最好的题目是B选项“Ancestr Mystery Slved(祖先之谜已解)”。故选B。
32．B 33．D 34．A 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了新的发现表明智人的到来并未直接导致尼安德特人的消失，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。
32．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“A child’s tth discvered frm a French cave has revealed the earliest evidence f humans—Hm sapiens (智人)—living in western Eurpe.”（从法国的洞穴发现的一颗儿童牙齿揭示了生活在西欧的人类——智人——的最早的证据）可知，从法国的洞穴发现的是一颗儿童牙齿，由此可知，下文指在法国南部发现了牙齿，“Tth”意为“牙齿”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“These findings challenge the pinin that the arrival f Hm sapiens in Eurpe caused the extinctin f Neanderthals, wh lived in Eurpe and parts f Asia fr abut 300,000 years befre disappearing.”（这些发现对智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝的观点提出了质疑，他们在欧洲和亚洲部分地区生活了大约30万年才消失）可知，以前的观点是智人在欧洲的到来导致尼安德特人灭绝，但这些新发现对这一观点提出了质疑。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段内容““We’ve ften thught that the arrival f mdern humans in Eurpe led t the pretty rapid death f Neanderthals, but this new evidence suggests that bth the appearance f mdern humans in Eurpe and disappearance f Neanderthals is much mre cmplex than that,” said study cauthr Chris stringer, a prfessr and research leader in human evlutin at the Natural Histry Museum in Lndn.”（研究合著者、伦敦自然历史博物馆人类进化学教授兼研究负责人克里斯·斯特林格表示：“我们经常认为，现代人类在欧洲的到来导致了尼安德特人相当快的死亡，但这一新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多。”）可知，克里斯·斯特林格表示，新证据表明，现代人在欧洲的出现和尼安德特人的消失都要比我们认为的复杂得多，所以，人们应该更仔细分析尼安德特人的消失，由此可知，从克里斯·斯特林格的话中可以推断出人们应该仔细分析尼安德特人的消失。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Humans and Neanderthals, wh we knw frm genetic analysis encuntered ne anther and had babies, resulting in Neanderthal traces in ur DNA, verlapped (重叠) fr a much lnger perid in Eurpe, this study suggests.”（这项研究表明，人类和尼安德特人，我们从基因分析中了解到他们彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，在欧洲重叠的时间要长得多）可知，我们从基因分析中了解到人类和尼安德特人彼此相遇并生了孩子，这导致我们DNA中的尼安德特痕迹，由此可推断出，智人和尼安德特人有某种复杂的关系。故选C项。