高考英语二轮复习河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案，共28页。
S, why des blue dminate lists f favurites? Frm previus surveys the researchers fund that blue has been a favurite clur. Even the earliest-recrded clur studies frm the 1800s shw that blue is universally lved, due at least in part t ur fndness fr blues in nature. Many clurs in nature that we lve are blue, especially a blue sky, the sea and many flwers. A blue sky is enugh t make many peple very happy. It’s pssible then, that blue ffer plenty f psitive experiences, which we uncnsciusly link t ur favurite clur.
But blue isn’t the nly attentin-grabbing clur. The ther finding f the research was that ur clur interests change as we gain new experiences. The yunger yu are, fr instance, the mre likely yu are t enjy a brighter clur. As yu age, yu’re mre likely t take n darker clurs as yur favurites; yunger wmen, accrding t the researchers, tend t enjy purples and reds, while yunger men may lean tward green r yellw-green. The studies shwed that dark yellwish-brwn was the wrld’s least liked clur.
Simply put, the things we enjy mst in ur lives will drive ur clur preferences.
1．What des the underlined wrd “It” refer t in paragraph 2?
A．The specific sprts team.B．A subject’s persnality.
C．Peple’s preference f a clur.D．The feature f clurs.
2．What d the early clur studies tell us?
A．Human beings are fully linked t nature.
B．Our preference fr blue is lngstanding.
C．It’s a cincidence that blue is ur favurite.
D．Blue is assciated t the sky and the sea.
3．What was the secnd finding f the research?
A．Our clur preferences may shift ver time.
B．We may prefer brighter clurs as we age.
C．We tend t stick with just ne clur in ur lives.
D．Blue is a tp chice fr favurite clur in the wrld.
4．What can be cncluded frm the text?
A．Older peple can understand the clurs better.
B．Mre mysteries remain t be seen abut clur.
C．Clur preferences change ur view f the wrld.
D．Clur preferences are shaped by ur experiences.
Small-scale fisheries supply many peple with fd. Almst all f thse in this trade rely n gillnets (刺网) t trap fish. But gillnets trap ther things, fr example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerus nes, such as Humbldt squid; and nes that are bth endangered and dangerus, such as several types f sharks. Everyne invlved wuld be better ff if this did nt happen.
Building n studies dne bth by himself and by thers, t try t avid the accidental netting f turtles, Jesse Senk, a marine-cnservatin bilgist at Arizna State University, has been investigating the idea f fitting LEDs (发光二极管) t nets t avid netting ther unwanted by-catch withut discuraging target animals. And, as he reprts in Current Bilgy, it seems t wrk.
Dr.Senk and his clleagues set up an experiment in the Gulf f Ulla, in Mexic, in which they cperated with lcal fisher flks t emply ver 10,000 meters f nets that had had nets battery-pwered waterprf green LEDs fitted nt them every ten meters. In half f the these lights were lit. The ther half were left unlit, as cntrls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit ne, and the tw were emplyed alngside ne anther at prime fishing lcatins. The fishers’ target fish were large grupers. Dr. Senk was interested bth in what else gt caught and whether the lights decreased catches f the target species.
On the latter pint, t his relief, they did nt. On the frmer, the lit nets caught 95% fewer kilgrams f shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less ften in the lit than the unlit nets.
The advantage frm the pint f view f fisher flks was that they needed t spend a lt less time clearing these dangerus by-catches frm their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs cncerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy t fit. There are als plans t make them slar pwered, fr easy recharging. Here, then, is a cnservatin idea frm which everyne wins.
5．What is the prblem with gillnets?
A．They are cstly t maintain.B．They discurage target catches.
C．They need mre time t be cleaned.D．They trap unwanted by-catches.
6．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The principle f the experiment.B．The effect f the experiment.
C．The purpse f the experiment.D．The prcess f the experiment.
7．What can be inferred frm Dr. Senk’s experiment?
A．The LEDs are easy t recharge.B．Gillnets will sn be ut f date.
C．Fitting LEDs t gillnets is a win-win idea.D．Fisher flks benefit the mst frm the idea.
8．What was the authr s attitude t the prspect f the LEDs idea?
A．Reserved.B．Hpeful.C．Ambiguus.D．Dubtful.
Standing in the starlight under the Milky Way, the night sky is ne f the mst incredible wnders many f us have nt seen which is under threat due t the cnstant march f human prgress and cnsequent light pllutin.
Belw are sme f my favrite dark sky destinatins arund the wrld.
■Araki Mackenzie Dark Sky Reserve, New Zealand
Araki Mackenzie Dark Sky Reserve is ne f the best places in the cuntry t view the night sky. Cmprised f Araki/Mt Ck Natinal Park Visitr Centre and the Mackenzie Basin, the Dark Sky Reserve was certified in 2012 t cntinue prtecting the dark skies in the area.
Stargazing (观星) enthusiasts shuld plan a visit t Mr.Jhn Observatry, turs t which must be bked in advance.
■The Wild Atlantic Way, Ireland
Mst visitrs rad-trip Ireland s western Wild Atlantic Way t explre beynd ht spts like Dublin and Crk, but the rute is als fast becming a great regin fr stargazing, thanks t the effrts f lcal cmmunities alng the Way.
If planning a trip, keep in mind that Ireland des have wet mnths where vercast skies are mre likely t affect yur stargazing prspects.
■Wadi Rum, Jrdan
Wadi Rum is als smetimes called the “Valley f the Mn,” thugh yu’re mre likely t cmpare it t Mars if yu visit. Made famus fr its therwrldly landscapes in mvies like Prmetheus, Star Wars, Rgue One and The Martian, Wadi Rum’s twering red rck frmatins are extremely interesting t explre by day-and ffer prtectin frm any distant light pllutin nce the sun sets.
Stargazing in Wadi Rum is a breathtaking experience, and reminds us hw ur ancestrs experienced the night sky fr thusands f years.
9．What might be a disadvantage f stargazing in Ireland?
A．Cnservatin effrts.B．Heavy turism.
C．Custmer service.D．Lcal climate.
10．What sets Wadi Rum apart frm ther dark sky destinatins?
A．Unusual landscapes.B．Ancestrs³experiences.
C．Its gegraphical lcatin.D．Its lcal film studis.
11．What is the purpse f the text?
A．T cmpare.B．T infrm.
C．T warn.D．T annunce.
When I was a kid, if smene tld me that I wuld grw up t becme a published authr and funder f a yuth literacy (读写能力)fundatin, I wuld have laughed and kept walking. Even nw when I see the title f my latest picture bk, My Very Favrite Bk in the Whle Wide Wrld, I shake my head, nt quite believing that bk has my name n it. But the truth is, this stry cmes frm my wn persnal experience.
It tk me a very lng time t find my persnal reading vice. In Valdsta, Ga., where I grew up, my cmmunity prmted tw pathways t a better life fr little bys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was n different than the ther kids, s I did what felt natural: Play ftball and verlk schl. Schl presented challenges every day and s did ftball practice, but vercming physical adversity (逆境) was n trend with my neighbrhd’s culture. Reading bks nt s much.
Frtunately, I went t cllege. That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head. Trips t the grcery stre were stressful because there was s much reading invlved in the simple act f buying fd. I wuld misread labels and grab the wrng items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t ntice my mistake until I gt hme and realized that it was my inability t understand the differences in the wrding n the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed t make an imprtant decisin. If I wanted t be a better versin f me, I had t becme a strnger reader.
I jined a bk club and read every free mment I had. My jurney with reading als created a desire in me t inspire thers wh struggle with reading. S I started a nnprfit, Share the Magic Fundatin, trying t transfrm the lives f children living in underserved cmmunities thrugh literacy.
12．What des the authr think f his new bk?
A．It’s beynd his expectatin.B．It’s helpful fr yuth literacy.
C．It³s full f humr and wisdm.D．It’s an exact recrd f his early life.
13．What was the rt reasn fr the authr³s failure t find his reading vice?
A．The influence f his cmmunity.B．His dream t be an entertainer.
C．The challenges he met in study.D．His preference fr ftball.
14．What des the underlined phrase “reared their ugly head“ in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Changed.B．Cncluded.C．Surfaced.D．Disappeared.
15．Which f the fllwing best describes the authr?
A．Reflective and warm-hearted.B．Persuasive and absent-minded.
C．Creative and stubbrn.D．Ambitius and cautius.
Have yu ever suddenly develped an appetite frm a passing glance at a freeway billbard featuring a brightly clred cheeseburger, r decided t step int a candy r ice cream stre displaying a windw full f lively shades and hues (色调)f sweet treats? If s, yu are in gd cmpany. Unless we are medically restricted r strictly dieting, we are nt likely t resist inviting fare simply because we recgnize the lack f nutritinal value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D．Capaldi-Phillips in A Review f Visual Cues Assciated with Fd recgnize the impact f sensry cues (信号)n fd cnsumptin and enjyment, and the ptential they have t prmte healthy eating behavir. They cite previus research in prviding sme interesting examples f the visual impact f different clr schemes (方案)n taste and fd enjyment. They nte that pink fd n a white plate was cnsidered sweeter and mre flavrful than the same fd n a black plate. Apparently, we cnsume with mre f ur senses than we realize. S given the rainbw f clrs arund us when faced with s many appealing fd chices, is there any way t cntrl ur appetite? Thankfully, sme research says yes.
Oliver Genschw demnstrated that when it cmes t eating less clrs impact cnsumptin. They specifically researched the effect f the clr red. They fund that peple ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate, as ppsed t white r blue, and drank less frm a red cup than a blue cup. They suggest that the clr red reduces fd and drink intake by functining as a stp signal.
But when it cmes t healthy eating, instead f putting n a pair f sunglasses t blck the inviting hues f fd cues, cnsider the value f discipline. Healthy eating invlves intentinal chices, nt mindless respnses t sensry cues. And befre yu invest in many red tableware t slim dwn, remember that what ges nt thse plates is much mre imprtant.
16．What may be a majr reasn fr us t refuse eye-catching fd?
A．The shrtage f nutritin.B．The rich clr f fine fds.
C．The dctr’s instructins.D．Advertisements everywhere.
17．What might be dealt with in A Review f Visual Cues Assciated with Fd?
A．Benefits f different clr schemes.
B．Interesting examples f fd service.
C．Ptentials t prmte fd cnsumptin.
D．Effects f sensry cues n eating behavir.
18．What des the authr suggest peple d in the last paragraph?
A．Fllw the sensry respnse.B．Make fd chices sensibly.
C．Wear sunglasses t blck clrs.D．Avid clrful fd intentinally.
19．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Peple can Cntrl Their Appetite.
B．Hw Peple are Tricked by Clr Schemes.
C．Hw Clrs Impact Fd Appeal and Appetite.
D．Hw Bright Clrs Make Fd Mre Appealing.
Fr mst peple, having prperty stlen feels like a disaster. Rbbie Pruitt admits when his muntain bike was stlen last September, he gt mad. But sn enugh, his emtins tk a turn. After letting g f his anger, he fund himself n a rad t cmpassin instead.
As a biker, Pruitt’s first pririty was t buy ne again, but when he went bike shpping, he fund the pickings slim. The scarcity in stck gt him thinking: What if the persn wh’d taken his had dne s because he truly needed transprtatin t get t wrk?
With that thught in mind, Pruitt came up with a plan and psted it t a lcal Facebk grup. Pruitt put ut a call fr bikes peple dn’t use, which he wuld repair again fr free and then dnate t flks wh culd truly use them but didn’t have the budget t buy a bike utright.
The day the pst went live, Pruitt was excited abut a list f 30 used bicycles. The initial influx(涌入) was fllwed by mre than 500 psts frm peple wh either had bikes t dnate r that needed fixing sn after. By the end f the mnth, Pruitt had repaired mre than 140 bikes fr dnatin.
In additin t practical skills, Pruitt’s lessns teach teamwrk, encurage self-esteem, and fster feelings f cmmunity. “Pruitt is certainly prviding a service, but it’s nt the bikes. It’s the relatinships in the cmmunity. It’s the impact he made n peple. All the neighbrhd kids are spending a lt mre time ding smething that’s hands-n,” Pruitt’s next-dr neighbr Danny tld The Washingtn Pst.
20．Hw did he feel after he went t the bikeshp?
A．He was angry at the theft.B．He became eager t a new bike.
C．He wuld rather find his ld bike.D．He became in sympathy with the thief.
21．What des the underlined wrd “scarcity” in Para. 2 prbably mean?
A．Variety.B．Shrtage.C．Abundance.D．Security.
22．Why did Pruitt pst n Facebk?
A．T find his lst bike.B．T cllect unemplyed bikes.
C．T raise sme mney fr charity.D．T advertise his bike repair shp.
23．Which f the fllwing best describes Rbbie Pruitt?
A．Caring and inspiring.B．Cnsiderate and lyal.
C．Outging and brave.D．Respnsible and humrus.
Husing ranks high amng the numerus challenges that still need t be vercme befre humans can clnize(征服) Mars. The brave pineers that make the six-mnth vyage t the Red Planet will need a place t live in as sn as they land. While the best slutin wuld be t have the structures ready befre they get there, it has s far been a challenge given that mst cnstructin rbts have never made it ut f the labratry. Nw, there may be a bit f hpe thanks t Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy’s newly revealed Digital Cnstructin Platfrm (DCP).
The DCP cmprises a duble arm system that is fitted n a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm mves, the smaller, precisin mtr rbtic arm builds the structure by shting ut the necessary cnstructin material, ranging frm insulatin fam(绝缘泡沫) t cncrete. The team f researchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike ther 3-D printers that are limited t building bjects that fit within their verall enclsure, DCP’s free mving systems can be used t cnstruct structures f any size.
The team recently demnstrated the DCP’s building skills n an empty field in Muntain View, CA．The rbt began by creating a mld with expanding fam that hardens when dry. It then cnstructed the building, layer by layer, using sensrs t raise itself higher as it prgressed. The final prduct was a sturdy “hme” that had 50-ft diameter walls and a 12-ft high rf with rm fr essentials like electricity wires and water pipes t be inserted inside. Even mre impressive? It tk a mere 14 hurs t “print”!
The researchers’ next plan is t make the DCP smart enugh t analyze the envirnment where the structure is ging t be built and determine the material densities best suited fr the area. Hwever, that’s nt even the best part. Future DCP mdels are ging t be slar-pwered, autnmus, and, mst imprtantly, capable f surcing cnstructin cmpnents frm its surrundings. This means the rbt can be sent t remte, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even t Mars, t build shelters using whatever material is available.
24．What d we learn frm the first paragraph?
A．Husing pineers n Mars is a reality.
B．Clnizing Mars is ut f the questin.
C．Building structures n Mars is in the testing phases.
D．Finding a liveable place n Mars is a tp pririty.
25．Hw des the DCP differ frm ther 3-D printers?
A．It cnsumes less time.
B．It cmes in mre different sizes.
C．It is mre envirnmentally friendly.
D．It can build mre diverse structures.
26．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The successful case f the DCP.B．The wrking principle f the DCP.
C．The instructins f using the DCP.D．The limitatin f the DCP’s functin.
27．What might be the biggest highlight f future DCP ?
A．Being pwered by slar.
B．Building shelters anywhere.
C．Cllecting building materials n site.
D．Analyzing building material densities.
The icy waters surrunding Antarctica have lng been called the Suthern Ocean by scientists. Hwever, it never received the fficial recgnitin it deserved—until nw. On Wrld Oceans Day, the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety annunced that frm nw n, there wuld be five ceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Suthern Ocean.
Natinal Gegraphic’s map plicy cmmittee had been cnsidering making the change fr many years. Hwever, it is n June 8, 2021 that it recgnized the Suthern Ocean as the wrld’s fifth cean. “Our maps are updated. The Suthern Ocean is treated the same as the traditinal fur, and the next quiz questin abut the number f ceans has an updated fficial answer frm Natinal Gegraphic—five!” the Sciety fficials declared n Twitter.
The new cean will include mst f the waters arund Antarctica ut t 60 degrees suth latitude(纬度), except the Drake Passage and the Sctia Sea. Unlike the ther ceans, which are divided by the surrunding cntinents, the extent f the Suthern Ocean is determined by the Antarctic Circumplar Current (ACC)—the Earth’s lngest and strngest ceanic current.
The ACC was set 34 millin years ag when Antarctica brke ff frm Suth America, enabling the water t freely flw arund Earth’s suthernmst tip. Its water is clder and less salty than the cean waters t the nrth and prvides a unique habitat fr thusands f species, including whales, penguins, and seals.
Alex Tait, a Natinal Gegraphic Sciety gegrapher, says that the change reflects the Sciety’s desire t draw public attentin t prtecting the Suthern Ocean’s unique marine ecsystem. Tait says the change will have a gd impact n hw children using maps in schl t see the wrld. “Students acquire infrmatin abut the cean wrld thrugh textbks, maps as well as newspapers. S it is necessary fr them t learn there is the fifth cean arund Antarctica.” he says.
28．Why did the Sciety fficials say the map was updated again?
A．A new land was discvered.
B．A fifth cean was fficially recgnized.
C．A new bdy f water appeared in the wrld.
D．The mvement f the underwater updated the map.
29．Hw is the Suthern Ocean divided?
A．By surrunding cntinents.B．By a unique ceanic current.
C．By the 60 degrees suth latitude.D．By the habitat fr unique species.
30．What is Alex Tait’s attitude t the fficial recgnitin f Suthern Ocean?
A．Cnservative.B．Skeptical.
C．Objective.D．Favrable.
31．What might be the best title fr the passage?
A．Earth Nw Officially Has Five Oceans
B．The Ice in Antarctica Is Melting Rapidly
C．Actin Shuld Be Taken t Prtect Oceans
D．The Wrld Map Needs Updating All the Time
Germany may be famus fr its histry and culture, and it als huses sme f Eurpe’s mst wild and wnderful scenery. Here are fur parks wrth visiting.
Berchtesgaden Nature Park
Berchtesgaden is ne f Germany’s ldest and mst beautiful cnservatin areas. Trails g in and ut f the frest, leading yu alng the banks f glassy lakes. The mre adventurus visitrs may chse paragliding (滑翔伞运动). Back n the grund, a netwrk f mre than 150 miles f walking trails ges thrugh the frest.
Jasmund Nature Park
It lies n the west cast f the ffshre island f Rügen. This prtected site is the smallest f Germany’s natinal park. It is here that painter Caspar David Friedrich fund himself inspired t create ne f his masterpieces, Chalk Cliffs n Rügen, in 1818. Here lng trails can take yu all the way t the Rügen castline, where white-sand beaches and blue waters wait fr yu.
The Bliesgau Bisphere
This place is hme t almst half f all German flwer species. The grasslands spread fr miles, drawing different butterflies. Thanks t its cmfrtable climate, this is an area f sustainable develpment. In fact, this park is an example f farming dne right and ffers a wealth f agricultural knw-hw t anyne eager t learn.
Suthern Black Frest Nature Park
The highland areas, with views ver Switzerland and France, are a gd place fr fd-lvers. Activities in the park range frm hiking and fishing t muntain biking, while the slwer travelers will enjy the trails fr an escape frm everyday life.
32．Which park wuld yu prefer if yu want t hike n the beach?
A．Jasmund Nature Park.B．The Bliesgau Bisphere.
C．Berchtesgaden Nature Park.D．Suthern Black Frest Nature Park.
33．What is special abut Suthern Black Frest Nature Park?
A．It is an example f farming dne right.
B．It is a park with a view f three cuntries.
C．It is Germany’s ldest cnservatin area.
D．It is the smallest f Germany’s Natinal Park.
34．What des the passage prbably cme frm?
A．A stry bk.B．A health survey.
C．A sprts magazine.D．A travel advertisement.
Fashin designers are always lking fr new materials t wrk with. Lately, it’s all abut envirnment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrms, even pineapple fibers! What if yu want such a pair f shes? Thaely is here t help.
This sneaker brand ut f Dubai wants t fight the grwing prblem f plastic pllutin. Led by 23-year-ld Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have fund a winning apprach: making shes ut f plastic grcery bags. “Thaely” means “plastic bag” in the Hindi language.
“I was lking t create ftwear that is cst-effective and safe fr the envirnment,” Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. “I needed t cme up with smething that uses recycled plastic withut creating any mre plastic waste. ”Plastic bags were the perfect slutin. He said five trillin plastic bags are used arund the wrld each year. “I was mtivated t find a slutin t this prblem,” Bhave said.
That slutin was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely frm plastic bags, the material lks and feels like leather. That sunds prmising. Better yet, the prductin prcess requires n additinal chemicals and prduces n pisnus by-prducts. The result is a smart-lking pair f white lw-tp sneakers.
Bhave wuldn’t expse the full prcess fr making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair f shes was made frm up t 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bttles. Where d they get the materials? Bhave tld Elle that was the hardest part. “The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step f acquiring the plastic bags. ”
Finally, they gt help frm TriTap Technlgies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they ffered t cllect the bags and als prcess them int ThaelyTex.
S far, it seems like things are falling int place. There are already hundreds f pre-rders in place. It sunds like they have sme plans fr the future. “We have a few mre clrs cming up,” said Bhave. They als plan t put ut a high-tp mdel and bring in a line f clthing. Let’s hpe their grwth is als friendly t the envirnment.
35．Why did Bhave chse t make shes ut f plastic bags?
A．T set a new ftwear trend.
B．T test new materials fr ftwear.
C．T reduce the use f plastic bags in his hme cuntry.
D．T use recycled plastic in an envirnment-friendly way.
36．What was the mst difficult task fr Bhave?
A．Having a few mre clrs fr Thaely.B．Prcessing plastic bags int ThaelyTex.
C．Cllecting enugh prductin materialsD．Dealing with many pisnus by-prducts
37．The underlined part“put ut”in the last paragraph prbably means__________.
A．prduceB．cnserve
C．prvideD．bradcast
38．What can be the best title fr this passage?
A．Bhave: a prmising yung man
B．Thaely: killer f waste plastic bags
C．ThaelyTex: material ut f plastic bags
D．TriTap Technlgies: a waste management plant
参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现，人们对颜色的偏爱随时间而变化，并且与我们的经历相关。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“During the study cnducted by psychlgy prfessr Karen Schlss at the University f Wiscnsin in 2019, the researchers investigated the science f hw different peple perceive clur. They nted that subjects with a preference fr a sprts team fund their favurite team’s clurs mre favurable. The mre they valued their team, the mre they favured the specific clur. (威斯康星大学心理学教授凯伦·施洛斯2019年进行的一项研究中，研究人员调查了不同人如何感知颜色的科学。他们注意到，对运动队有偏好的受试者发现他们最喜欢的运动队的颜色更受欢迎。他们越看重自己的团队，就越喜欢特定的颜色。)”可知，研究人员对不同的人如何感知颜色进行了科学调查。画线单词所在句陈述结论“It tells us that ur experiences with the wrld are cnstantly influencing the way we view clur(它告诉我们，我们与世界的经历不断地影响着我们看待颜色的方式)”可知，这里的it代指“人们对颜色的偏好度”。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Frm previus surveys the researchers fund that blue has been a favurite clur. Even the earliest-recrded clur studies frm the 1800s shw that blue is universally lved, due at least in part t ur fndness fr blues in nature. (从之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。即使是19世纪最早记录的色彩研究也表明，蓝色受到普遍喜爱，至少部分原因是我们喜欢大自然中的蓝色。)”并结合前文可知，之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。由此推断，从早期的颜色研究中我们可以发现：我们对蓝色的偏爱由来已久。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The ther finding f the research was that ur clur interests change as we gain new experiences. The yunger yu are, fr instance, the mre likely yu are t enjy a brighter clur. As yu age, yu’re mre likely t take n darker clurs as yur favurites (该研究的另一个发现是，当我们获得新的经验时，我们对颜色的兴趣也会发生变化。例如，你越年轻，你就越有可能喜欢鲜艳的颜色。随着年龄的增长，你更有可能选择深色作为自己的最爱)”可知，这项研究的第二个发现是我们对颜色的偏好可能会随着时间的推移而改变。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simply put, the things we enjy mst in ur lives will drive ur clur preferences. (简单地说，我们生活中最喜欢的东西会影响我们对颜色的偏好。)”可推断，我们对颜色的偏爱是由我们的经历体验决定的。故选D。
5．D
6．D
7．C
8．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了刺网面临的问题，以及Senk博士为缓解这一问题而在刺网中安装LED灯的创意措施。这一措施得到了较好的效果，未来会有不错的发展前景。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“But gillnets trap ther things, fr example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerus nes, such as Humbldt squid; and nes that are bth endangered and dangerus, such as several types f sharks.(但是刺网也会捕获其他东西，例如，濒危动物，如海龟；危险的动物，如洪堡乌贼；还有那些既濒危又危险的鲨鱼，比如几种鲨鱼。)”可知,刺网的问题是常常打捞上来我们并不想要的东西，比如濒危物种和危险动物。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Dr.Senk and his clleagues set up an experiment in the Gulf f Ulla, in Mexic, in which they cperated with lcal fisher flks t emply ver 10,000 meters f nets that had had nets battery-pwered waterprf green LEDs fitted nt them every ten meters. In half f the these lights were lit. The ther half were left unlit, as cntrls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit ne, and the tw were emplyed alngside ne anther at prime fishing lcatins. The fishers’ target fish were large grupers. Dr. Senk was interested bth in what else gt caught and whether the lights decreased catches f the target species.(森科博士和他的同事们在墨西哥乌洛亚湾进行了一项实验，他们与当地渔民合作，使用了超过10000米长的渔网，这些渔网上每隔10米就安装有电池供电的防水绿色LED灯。其中一半的灯是亮着的，另一半是不亮的作为对照。每一张亮着的渔网都与另一张不亮着的渔网配对，这两张渔网在主要的捕鱼地点一起使用。渔民的目标鱼是大型石斑鱼。森科博士感兴趣的是还捕获了什么，以及灯光是否减少了目标物种的捕获。)”可知，本段详细阐述了博士进行实验的整个操作过程，细节十分丰富。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“On the latter pint, t his relief, they did nt. On the frmer, the lit nets caught 95% fewer kilgrams f shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less ften in the lit than the unlit nets.(在后一点上，使他松了一口气的是，他们并没有做。在前者中，照明网捕获的与鲨鱼相关的物种的公斤数减少了95%。特别是，一些受威胁的物种在没有光照的网中出现的次数少。)”可知，安装LED灯后，非相关物种的被捕量明显得到了减少。根据最后一段的“The advantage frm the pint f view f fisher flks was that they needed t spend a lt less time clearing these dangerus by-catches frm their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs cncerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy t fit. (从渔民的角度来看，这样做的好处是他们需要花更少的时间从渔网中清除这些危险的副渔获物。而且，最关键的是，相关的LED便宜，耐用，易于安装。)”可知，LED灯带来的效率不仅能为渔民节省大量时间，并且亦十分经济实惠。综合可知，在刺网中装上LED灯的做法达到了双赢。故选C。
8．推理判断题。 根据最后一段作者的结语“Here, then, is a cnservatin idea frm which everyne wins.(因此，这是一个皆大欢喜的环保理念。)”可推知，作者对其效果及未来发展持积极乐观的态度。故选B。
9．D
10．A
11．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，作者介绍了三个他最喜欢的观星目的地。
9．推理判断题。由题目“Ireland”可以定位到文章第二个小标题下的“If planning a trip, keep in mind that Ireland des have wet mnths where vercast skies are mre likely t affect yur stargazing prspects.(如果计划一次旅行，请记住爱尔兰确实有多雨的月份，阴天更可能影响你的观星。)”可知，在爱尔兰观星的缺点就是当地的天气可能影响观星，故选D。
10．细节理解题。由题目“Wadi Rum”定位到文章最后一个小标题，根据该段第二句“Made famus fr its therwrldly landscapes in mvies like Prmetheus, Star Wars, Rgue One and The Martian, Wadi Rum’s twering red rck frmatins are extremely interesting t explre by day-and ffer prtectin frm any distant light pllutin nce the sun sets.(在电影《普罗米修斯》、《星球大战》、《侠盗一号》和《火星救援》中，它以超凡脱世的风景而闻名。瓦迪鲁姆高耸的红色岩层在白天是非常有趣的探索，而且在太阳落山后，它可以保护你免受任何遥远的光污染)”可知，Wadi Rum因其在众多电影中的超凡景观而闻名，与众不同，故选A。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段“Belw are sme f my favrite dark sky destinatins arund the wrld.(下面是我最喜欢的世界各地的黑暗天空目的地)”可知，作者介绍了三个他最喜欢的观星目的地，所以文章目的是告知，故选B。
12．A
13．A
14．C
15．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了原本不重视阅读的作者通过努力克服自身的阅读障碍，最终成功出版书籍、成立非营利性组织帮助他人的故事。
【详解】 1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“When I was a kid, if smene tld me that I wuld grw up t becme a published authr and funder f a yuth literacy (读写能力)fundatin, I wuld have laughed and kept walking.Even nw when I see the title f my latest picture bk, My Very Favrite Bk in the Whle Wide Wrld, I shake my head, nt quite believing that bk has my name n it. (当我还是个孩子的时候，如果有人告诉我，我长大后会成为一名出版作家和一个青年识字基金会的创始人，我会笑，继续走路。即使现在，当我看到我最新图画书的标题，My Very Favrite Bk in the Whle Wide Wrld，我摇摇头，不太相信那本书上有我的名字。)”可知，作者假设还小的时候有人跟他说以后他能成为出版商和创始人，他会一笑了之，即使现在看到自己的书，也不相信是书上有他自己的名字，可以推断出作者认为他的新书超出了他的预期，故选A。
2.细节理解题。由文章第二段“In Valdsta, Ga., where I grew up, my cmmunity prmted tw pathways t a better life fr little bys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was n different than the ther kids, s I did what felt natural: Play ftball and verlk schl. Schl presented challenges every day and s did ftball practice, but vercming physical adversity (逆境) was n trend with my neighbrhd’s culture. Reading bks nt s much.(在佐治亚州的瓦尔多斯塔,在我长大的地方，我的社区为像我这样的小男孩开辟了两条走向更好生活的道路：成为一名运动员或一名艺人。我和其他孩子没有什么不同，所以我做了一件感觉很自然的事情：踢足球，忽略上学。学习每天都有挑战，足球练习也有挑战，但克服身体逆境是我的社区文化的趋势。读书不用太多。)”可知，在作者所在的那个社区像作者这样的小男孩被固定了两条通往更美好生活的道路——成为运动员或艺人，作者觉得这很自然，这是作者社区文化的趋势，读书不多，所以作者未能找到自己读书的声音的根本原因是社区对他的影响，而C项只是表面的一个挑战，故选A。
3.词句猜测题。由下文“Trips t the grcery stre were stressful because there was s much reading invlved in the simple act f buying fd. I wuld misread labels and grab the wrng items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t ntice my mistake until I gt hme and realized that it was my inability t understand the differences in the wrding n the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed t make an imprtant decisin. If I wanted t be a better versin f me, I had t becme a strnger reader.(去杂货店的旅行很紧张，因为购买食物的简单行为涉及到太多的阅读。我会误读标签，拿走错误的东西。有一次，我拿起了苹果酱，以为那是苹果片。我没有注意到我的错误，直到我回家后才意识到是我无法理解标签上措辞的不同，才导致了这个错误。我意识到我需要做出一个重要的决定。如果我想成为一个更好的自己，我就必须成为一个更强大的读者。)”可知，作者在读大学时候由于阅读障碍认错、买错了许多东西，所以他决定努力阅读，上文写他所在的社区读书不多，所以这一句“ That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head.”是承接句，故这句话的意思应该是那就是我阅读争斗都展现出来了的地方，结合“head”可以推断出划线处的意思为“浮出水面”，故选C。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“I jined a bk club and read every free mment I had. My jurney with reading als created a desire in me t inspire thers wh struggle with reading. S I started a nnprfit, Share the Magic Fundatin, trying t transfrm the lives f children living in underserved cmmunities thrugh literacy.(我加入了一个读书俱乐部，在我拥有的每一个自由时间阅读。我的阅读之旅也让我产生了一种欲望，去激励那些努力阅读的人。所以我创办了一个非营利组织，Share the Magic Fundatin，试图通过识字来改变生活在服务不足社区的儿童的生活。)”可知，作者希望激励那些在阅读中挣扎的人，所以成立一个非营利组织，努力通过扫盲改变生活在服务不足社区的儿童的生活，作者这么做是由于自己的经历想帮助更多像他一样的儿童，可以推断出作者是热心的，而且这也是深思后做的决定，故选A。
16．C
17．D
18．B
19．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过生动的阐述与举例，向我们分析了食物的色彩对人们进食时的食欲与胃口有着怎样的影响，以及不同色彩间的差异。最后，作者向读者提出了一定的科学建议。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Unless we are medically restricted r strictly dieting, we are nt likely t resist inviting fare simply because we recgnize the lack f nutritinal value.(除非我们受到医学限制或严格节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为认识到食物缺乏营养价值而拒绝品尝食物)”并结合选项推知，医生的指导是影响我们是否摄入这些色彩艳丽食物的主要原因。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review f Visual Cues Assciated with Fd recgnize the impact f sensry cues (信号)n fd cnsumptin and enjyment, and the ptential they have t prmte healthy eating behavir. They cite previus research in prviding sme interesting examples f the visual impact f different clr schemes (方案)n taste and fd enjyment. (Devina wadandra和Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官线索对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们促进健康饮食行为的潜力。他们引用了以前的研究，提供了一些有趣的例子，说明不同配色方案对味觉和食物享受的视觉影响)”可知，A Review f Visual Cues Assciated with Fd探讨了感官信号会对人们的进食行为产生怎样的影响。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But when it cmes t healthy eating, instead f putting n a pair f sunglasses t blck the inviting hues f fd cues, cnsider the value f discipline. Healthy eating invlves intentinal chices, nt mindless respnses t sensry cues. (但说到健康饮食，与其戴上一副太阳镜来阻挡诱人的食物颜色，不如考虑一下自律的价值。健康饮食包括有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目反应)”可知，在选择健康的饮食上个人自主能动性是很重要的，要做出有意义的选择。故选B。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要分析食物的色彩对于人们进食食欲的影响。通过科学实验与理论完成分析与阐释。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
20．D
21．B
22．B
23．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了罗比·普鲁伊特的自行车被盗后，他没有恼火和生气，反而收集闲置的自行车去修理，然后送给那些需要的人的故事。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“After letting g f his anger, he fund himself n a rad t cmpassin instead.(在放下愤怒之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。)”可知，他去了商店以后，开始同情偷自行车的人。故选D项。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“but when he went bike shpping, he fund the pickings slim.(但当他去买自行车时，他发现买的东西很少。)”可知，此处是说自行车的库存短缺。A. Variety.多样性；B. Shrtage.短缺；C. Abundance.充裕；D. Security.安全。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Pruitt put ut a call fr bikes peple dn’t use,(普鲁伊特呼吁收集人们用过的自行车，)”可知，他发帖子目的是收集人们闲置的自行车。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段的“he wuld repair—again fr free—and then dnate t flks wh culd truly use them...(他会再次免费修复，然后捐赠给真正能使用它们的人……)”可知，他是很有爱心的；又根据最后一段“It’s the impact he made n peple. All the neighbrhd kids are spending a lt mre time ding smething that’s hands-n,(这是他能对人们产生的影响。所有邻居的孩子都花了更多的时间做一些亲身实践的事情，)”可知，他激励了很多人去做一些力所能及的事情。故选A项。
24．C
25．D
26．A
27．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。
24．推理判断题。第一段的“While the best slutin wuld be t have the structures ready befre they get there, it has s far been a challenge given that mst cnstructin rbts have never made it ut f the labratry.(虽然最好的解决方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战)”推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“ ther 3—D printers that are limited t building bjects that fit within their verall enclsure, DCP’s free mving system can be used t cnstruct structures f any size.(……与其他仅限于构建适合其整体外壳的物体的3D打印机不同，DCP的自由移动系统可用于构建任何尺寸的结构)”可知，与其他3D打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋。故选D项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The team recently demnstrated the DCP’s building skills n an empty field in Muntain View, CA.(该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了DCP的建筑技能)”可知，本段主要介绍了DCP的成功案例。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“mst imprtantly, capable f surcing cnstructin cmpnents frm its surrundings. This means the rbt can be sent t remte, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even t Mars, t build shelters using whatever material is available.(最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件。这意味着机器人可以被送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所)”可知，未来DCP的最大亮点是可以现场收集建筑材料。故选C项。
28．B
29．B
30．D
31．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南大洋作为世界第五大洋得到官方的认可。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段第二三句“Hwever, it is n June 8, 2021 that it recgnized the Suthern Ocean as the wrld’s fifth cean. Our maps are updated. (但直到2021年6月8日，它才承认南大洋为世界第五大洋。我们的地图更新了)”可知，因为官方认可了世界第五大洋——南大洋，所以协会官员说地图已经更新。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike the ther ceans, which are divided by the surrunding cntinents, the extent f the Suthern Ocean is determined by the Antarctic Circumplar Current (ACC)—the Earth’s lngest and strngest ceanic current. (与被周围大陆划分的其他海洋不同，南大洋的范围是由南极环极流(ACC)决定的，这是地球上最长、最强的洋流)”可知，南大洋是由一股独特的洋流——南极环极流(ACC)决定的。故选B项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Tait says the change will have an impact n hw children using maps in schl learn t see the wrld. (Tait说，这一变化将对孩子们在学校使用地图学习看世界的方式产生影响)”和最后一句“S it is necessary fr them t learn there is the fifth cean arund Antarctica. (所以他们有必要知道南极洲周围有第五大洋)”可知，Alex Tait对于南大洋得到官方认可持支持态度。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“On Wrld Oceans Day, the Natinal Gegraphic Sciety annunced that frm nw n, there wuld be five ceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Suthern Ocean. (在世界海洋日，国家地理学会宣布，从现在起，将有五个大洋：大西洋、太平洋、印度洋、北极和南大洋)”以及第二段第二三句的“it is n June 8, 2021 that it recgnized the Suthern Ocean as the wrld’s fifth cean. Our maps are updated. (直到2021年6月8日，它才承认南大洋为世界第五大洋。我们的地图更新了)”可知，主要介绍了南大洋得到官方的认可。故A项“地球现在正式拥有五大洋”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。
32．A
33．B
34．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了德国四个值得参观的国家公园。
32．细节理解题。根据Jasmund nature park部分中的“Here lng trails can take yu all the way t the Rügen castline, where white-sand beaches and blue waters wait fr yu.(在这里，长长的小径可以把你一直带到Rügen海岸线，那里有白色的沙滩和蓝色的海水等着你)”可知，若你想在海边沙滩上徒步的话，应该去Jasmund nature park。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据Suthern Black Frest nature park部分中的“The highland areas, with views ver Switzerland and France, are a gd place fr fd-lvers.(高原地区可以俯瞰瑞士和法国的美景，是美食爱好者的好去处)”可知，这个公园的特殊之处是，在这里的高地，可以看到三个国家。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Germany may be famus fr its histry and culture, and it als huses sme f Eurpe’s mst wild and wnderful scenery. Here are fur parks wrth visiting.(德国可能以它的历史和文化而闻名，它也拥有欧洲最原始和最美妙的风景。这里有四个值得参观的公园)”可知，文章介绍了德国四个值得参观的国家公园。由此推知，文章最可能来自于一则旅游广告。故选D。
35．D
36．C
37．A
38．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“This sneaker brand ut f Dubai wants t fight the grwing prblem f plastic pllutin.（这个来自迪拜的运动鞋品牌想要对抗日益严重的塑料污染问题）”和第三段的句子“I needed t cme up with smething that uses recycled plastic withut creating any mre plastic waste.（我需要想出一种既使用回收塑料又不会产生更多塑料垃圾的方法）”可知，Bhave选择用塑料制作鞋子，是因为他想用环保的方式使用回收塑料。故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句话“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step f acquiring the plastic bags.（我们面临的最大的挑战就是如何获得塑料袋）”可知，对于Bhave来说，最大的困难是获得足够的塑料袋来作为生产材料。故选C项。
37．短语猜测题。前文“We have a few mre clrs cming up,” said Bhave.(“我们会有更多的颜色出现，”巴维说)”可知，他们会生产更多颜色的鞋子，结合划线句“They als plan t put ut a high-tp mdel and bring in a line f clthing.(他们还计划put up一个高帮样式，并推出一系列服装)”和句中的“a high-tp mdel（高帮样式）”可知，put ut是在该句子中是“生产”的意思，意思是说他们还计划生产一种高帮鞋。故选A项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Lately, it’s all abut envirnment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrms, even pineapple fibers! What if yu want such a pair f shes? Thaely is here t help.(最近，完全是关于环保材料的——回收轮胎、蘑菇，甚至菠萝纤维！如果你想要这样一双鞋，泰利来帮忙。)”以及下文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。所以，B项“Thaely: killer f waste plastic bags（Thaely：废塑料袋的杀手）”作为本文的题目符合题意。故选B项。