高考英语二轮复习天津高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案

这是一份高考英语二轮复习天津高考英语阅读理解专项训练作业含答案，共34页。
“The prject studied students’ attitudes twards maths because f what culd be called a maths crisis in the UK,” researchers said. “Many children and adults experience feelings f anxiety, fear r discmfrt when they face maths. This may be leading t a lw level f maths in the cuntry.” The number f adults with functinal maths skills equal t a GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书) grade C has drpped frm 26% in 2003 t nly 22% in 2011, accrding t the survey. At the same time, nly 57% f the children achieved the same level in functinal maths skills.
Dr. Denes Szucs, a prfessr at Cambridge’s Centre fr Neurscience (神经科学) in Educatin said that there is a misunderstanding that nly lw perfrming children suffer frm maths anxiety. “This is a cmmn misunderstanding that we have seen in decisin makers,” he said. “They assume peple are anxius abut maths because they are pr achievers.” In fact, mre than 77% f children with high levels f maths anxiety are nrmal t high achievers. Dr Szucs went n, “Prbably their maths anxiety will g unnticed because their perfrmance is gd. But they are very wrried and in the lng term their perfrmance is limited. This is a real danger here: these are children wh are cmpletely able t d maths at a nrmal level, but may keep away frm it because they feel anxius.” The research als fund that girls have higher levels f maths anxiety than bys.
Jhn’s Hillman, directr f educatin at the Nuffield Fundatin said, “Mathematical achievement is valuable, as a fundatin fr many ther subjects and as an imprtant predictr f future academic learning, jb hunting and even health. Maths anxiety can seriusly influence students’ perfrmance in bth primary and secndary schls.”
1．What can we learn frm the survey cnducted by the Cambridge University researchers?
A．High perfrming children are safe frm maths anxiety.
B．Adults suffer lwer levels f maths anxiety than children.
C．Children with maths anxiety suffers bth physically and mentally.
D．Girls’ bad perfrmance leads t their high levels f maths anxiety.
2．Why did the researchers study students’ attitudes twards maths?
A．They want t help imprve students’ academic perfrmance.
B．Maths anxiety may cause great damage t children’s develpment.
C．They intend t crrect peple’s misunderstanding n maths anxiety.
D．The maths anxiety shared by peple f all ages caused a natinal crisis.
3．Hw des the authr prve there may be a natinal maths crisis in the UK in paragraph 3?
A．Presenting data.B．Listing reasns.
C．Giving definitin.D．Prviding examples.
4．In paragraph 4, Dr. Denes Szucs fund that ________ .
A．bys suffered a higher level f maths anxiety than girls
B．maths anxiety f lw perfrming children ges unnticed
C．sme f the high achievers als suffered frm math anxiety
D．pr achievers might have physical prblem in the lng term
5．Which f the questins culd prbably be answered in the paragraph that fllws?
A．What shuld be dne t imprve students’ perfrmance in maths?
B．What can be dne t make children cmfrtable with maths?
C．Hw des maths anxiety influence peple’s health?
D．Hw can children acquire functinal skills?
It was 1st January, the first day f the year and a hliday fr me. I went t the bank t get the bank wrk ut f the way. The bank clerk ndded and I sat in frnt f him. He was busy filling up entries in his register.
I put my frm and bklet in frnt f him. After waiting fr a few mre minutes, in which I shwed all signs f being impatient, I asked him if my wrk was dne. He shuted, “Nthing is dne, and it will take time!”
Just then I saw his mrning cup f tea, which had been lying there fr the last ten minutes, untuched. The tea had turned almst cld while he was ding his wrk. Suddenly I felt what this man must be feeling when custmers like me cme always in a hurry t get their wrk dne. We d nt even feel the need t thank them fr being there.
S, I tld him, “Sir, yu please have yur tea. I am nt in a hurry.” This man suddenly lked up at me and fr the first time we had eye cntact. I saw a different persn there, wh was as hard-pressed fr time as I always am.
I saw bth f us sailing in the same bat. I felt that he was als missing the small things in life like a ht cup f tea r lying in a warm bed fr a few mre minutes like me. He gave me a rare smile and said, “It is an everyday affair with me; yu are nt in a hurry but smebdy else will be.”
He really tuched my heart with his wise wrds. I felt that all this time I thught f him as a smene wh was there fr my cnvenience, but tday I suddenly felt a strange cmmunin with him. I vwed t be friendly with peple wh help me with my wrk and be thankful that they are there fr me.
6．Which f the fllwing is NOT true f the writer?
A．He wrks in the bank as a clerk, t.B．He went t the bank t d sme business.
C．He was tuched by the untuched cup f tea.D．He gt annyed after waiting a few minutes.
7．What can we learn abut the bank clerk?
A．He hated t wrk n a hliday.B．He was under great wrk pressure.
C．He didn’t like his wrk in the bank.D．He cmmunicated well with his custmers.
8．What can yu learn frm the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5?
A．He was smetimes in the similar situatin.B．They nce sailed in the same bat.
C．They expected t sail in the same bat.D．He’s t busy t sail in a bat, t.
9．The writer’s attitude twards the bank clerk might be that f ______ .
A．tleranceB．satisfactinC．sympathyD．gratitude
10．What des the text try t tell us?
A．T be patient with yur custmers.B．Helping thers is helping yurself.
C．T be thankful t thse wh help yu.D．It is ur duty t d things fr thers.
Discver Wrld Heritage (遗产)
Heritage is treasure frm the past — what we live with tday and what we pass n t future generatins. T preserve it, UNESCO safeguards hundreds f natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites arund the wrld.
Here are 5 Wrld Heritage sites:
11．Accrding t the passage, Rme was ______ .A．a city nly fund in legendB．funded by a Rman Emperr
C．nce the capital f the Christian wrldD．the first centre f Rman Republic
12．Which f the fllwing was first funded?
A．Rme.B．Pingya.C．Havana.D．Damascus.
13．What can yu learn frm the passage?
A．Havana had becme a mdern city by 1600.
B．Damascus was famus fr its ship-building craft.
C．Pingya was nce the majr centre fr banking in China.
D．Madagascar has many animals frm ther land.
14．Accrding t the passage, what caused Madagascar’s unique bidiversity?
A．The nging eclgical prcess f the island.B．The unique climate f the island.
C．The rare and threatened animals n the island.D．The gelgical histry f the island.
15．What is the authr’s purpse in writing this article?
A．T intrduce five natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites.
B．T discver mre natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites.
C．T preserve the natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites.
D．T pass n t future generatins the natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites.
A new year brings a new calendar f exhibitins and there are s many fantastic shws t get stuck int. Make seeing mre art yur new year’s reslutin and start filling yur diary with these unmissable exhibitins.
Calligraphic Awards
Lanting Xu, written by calligrapher Wang Xizhi in the mid-4th century, is cnsidered ne f the greatest pieces f Chinese calligraphy. It thereafter inspired the China Calligraphers Assciatin t launch the China Calligraphy Lanting Awards, the cuntry’s tp awards fr the creatin f calligraphy. An exhibitin nw at the Natinal Art Museum f China shws such handwritten pieces by 19 artists wh have received Lanting's lifetime achievement awards. The exhibitin runs until April 27.
9:00 am-5:00 pm, clsed n Mndays.
Refcusing n the Medium
Wrks by 17 trailblazers (先锋) in experimental vide art frm China, Japan and Suth Krea are being shwn at Refcusing n the Medium: The Rise f East Asia Vide Art, a survey exhibitin at the Minsheng Art Museum. It is an unprecedented art explratin — hw vide is reshaping artistic creatin since the 1960s. It takes viewers t the past and the frntiers f vide art. The exhibitin ends n May 8.
10:00 am-5:00 pm, clsed n Wednesdays.
Rebuilding Ideals
Yin Zhayang is a leading artist f his generatin. He has develped a highly persnalized apprach t landscape painting, explring the relatins between individuals and sciety, histry and the present. Rebuilding Ideals, an exhibitin at the Tang Cntemprary Art Museum, reviews Yin’s creatin and methds f thinking ver mre than 20 years. The exhibitin runs until May 5.
10:00 am-5:00 pm, clsed n Fridays.
Reverse Recnstructin
Cntemprary artist Yang Mushi is shwing installatins (设备) made between 2019 and 2022 at his furth sl exhibitin, Reverse Recnstructin, at Galerie Urs Meile. It shws Yang's cntinuus explratin f the presentatins f materials, such as stainless steel, wd and plastics. His wrks examine the meanings f handwrk and mass prductin that have reshaped peple’s way f life. The exhibitin runs until May 15.
11:00 am-6:30 pm, clsed n Mndays.
16．What is the authr’s writing purpse f the passage?
A．T stress the imprtance f keeping an art diary.
B．T recmmend several must-see art exhibitins.
C．T discuss why peple shuld g t exhibitins.
D．T encurage readers t make new year’s reslutin.
17．If yu want t see Calligraphic Awards, yu shuld try t avid _________.
A．10:30 am n Sunday
B．11:00 am n Wednesday
C．2:30 pm n Mnday
D．4:00 pm n Friday
18．Which f the fllwing is True abut Refcusing n the Medium?
A．The exhibitin will be in prgress until May 8.
B．The exhibitin is available thrughut the week.
C．The exhibitin merely features wrks by Chinese artists.
D．The exhibitin has reshaped artistic creatin since 1960s.
19．Where shuld yu g if yu are interested in prductin histry?
A．Galerie Urs Meile.
B．Minsheng Art Museum.
C．Natinal Art Museum f China.
D．Tang Cntemprary Art Museum.
20．In which sectin f the newspaper can yu mst pssibly read the passage?
A．Business.
B．Sprts.
C．Culture.
D．Nature.
Curage is a highly admired virtue. When asked t describe curage, mst peple cnjure up (脑中浮现) the image f an individual running int a burning building, r maybe a her saving the wrld. But there's anther frm f bravery that's much mre imprtant because it cmes up mre ften. It's called mral curage.
Mral curage is the ability that allws us t face ur fears and t cnquer ur darkest fears. It’s the ability t face the future withut knwing what is certain. It’s the ability t stand tall and cnfrnt thse wh ppse us, thse wh prevent us frm realizing wh we are and what we are. But mst imprtantly, it’s the ability t stand up fr what’s right, even thugh there are risks that stand in yur way. Sara Andersn nce said that "It takes great curage t faithfully fllw what we knw t be true."
The ptential f shwing mral curage has the pwer f changing the wrld. It was because f the mral curage that Mahatma Gandhi was able t make India free frm British rule. He fught bravely against them withut the use f any weapn by presenting great mral curage. In this way, he als became a great example fr the peple f the whle wrld. It is nt that we remember Gandhi because f his bdy r beauty. We remember him because f the great ideas and principles f his life.
Mral curage is essential nt nly fr a nble life, but a happy ne. Withut mral curage, we have n cntrl ver ur lives. Our fears destry ur spirit and make us trapped in depressin. Mark Twain said, “Curage is nt the absence f fear but the resistance f fear, the mastery f fear.” If ur fears cause us t lse cnfidence in the pwer f virtue, we will lse smething very precius.
Peple with mral curage rarely get medals, but it is the best marker f true character and a virtue thers can be prud f. We must try t develp the pwer f mral curage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrng and grant us a better wrld.
21．What is the main functin f Paragraph 1?
A．T make a cmparisn.
B．T prpse a definitin.
C．T intrduce the subject.
D．T prvide the backgrund.
22．In the authr’s view, mral curage is nt _________.
A．the willingness t face and cnquer fears
B．the capacity t stick t what is right
C．the ability t cnfrnt ppnents
D．the desire t cntrl whever ppses yu
23．What des the example f Mahatma Gandhi tell us?
A．Mral curage can make a difference t the wrld.
B．Mral curage makes peple faithfully fllw the truth.
C．Mral curage is essential fr leading a happy life.
D．Mral curage restricts great ideas and principles.
24．What can be inferred frm Mark Twain’s wrds?
A．Curage is being brave withut any fear.
B．Curage is a spirit t vercme the fear.
C．Having a fear can limit ur future lives.
D．Fear can stp us frm achieving ur gals.
25．What des the authr advise us t d in the last paragraph?
A．T end injustice and wrng.
B．T pursue excellent virtues.
C．T strengthen mral curage.
D．T create a better wrld.
Fr Ma Zhngwu, wh was paralyzed (瘫痪) frm the waist dwn in an accidental fall 16 years ag, sprts have pened up a new wrld. The 37-year-ld crss-cuntry “sit-skier” cllected ne gld and tw silver medals at the Beijing Winter Paralympic Games — in men’s middle-distance, men’s sprint (短距离) and men’s lng distance, respectively. “It was sprts that made me cme ut f the lwest pint in my life and changed me physically, mentally and spiritually,” Ma said.
Brn and raised in Dalian, Lianing prvince, Ma has been fnd f sprts since childhd. The accident changed everything. Paralysis ended his functinal independence. He had t live under his mther’s care. Fr a lng time, he felt ashamed and was unwilling t g ut. In 2017, persuaded by his mther, he started t learn table tennis. Ten days later, he tk part in a citywide cmpetitin and perfrmed well.
Fan Yi, a cach frm the sprts department f Dalian’s service center fr the disabled, picked Ma and brught him t the wheelchair racing team. Fan recalled that in the beginning Ma didn’t dare t talk with ther peple. But he gradually became cheerful and cnfident in training. Three years ag, Ma shifted t train fr crss-cuntry skiing. “As an lder athlete, he recvers slwly. He persevered thrugh willpwer,” Fan said.
Ma said that when he decided t be a prfessinal athlete, he tld himself there was n turning back. “I have experienced the bitterness f life, and I knw this is a rare pprtunity that I must seize,” he said. Everyne’s bdy has its limits. When he was suffering thrugh the perid f tiredness caused by vertraining, he thught he was t ld t cmpete in the Olympics. “But I never gave up. With the supprt f my team, I stepped tward my gals ne by ne,” he said. “Althugh I’m nt yung nw, I will keep training and eye n mre gld medals as lng as I can.”
26．What can be inferred abut Ma Zhngwu frm the passage?
A．He was paralyzed at the age f 16.
B．He wn the gld medal in men’s sprint.
C．He was grateful fr the accident.
D．He fund new life in sprts after the accident.
27．Why did Ma Zhngwu resist ging ut accrding t Paragraph 2?
A．Because he felt embarrassed by his disability.
B．Because he preferred ding sprts indrs.
C．Because he culdn’t g ut withut any assistance.
D．Because he suffered frm depressin and anxiety.
28．Accrding t Fan Yi, the biggest challenge fr Ma Zhngwu was _________.
A．his age
B．his pr mental state
C．the lack f cnfidence
D．the bitterness f his life
29．Which f the fllwing can best describe Ma Zhngwu?
A．Adventurus and creative.
B．Passinate and sympathetic.
C．Determined and persistent.
D．Intelligent and cmmunicative.
30．What des the authr mainly want t tell us in the passage?
A．All gd things cme t an end.
B．Every man is the master f his fate.
C．One shuldn’t miss frest fr the trees.
D．One man’s junk is anther man’s treasure.
Peple wh grw up utside f cities are better at finding their way arund than urbanites, a large study n navigatin suggests. The results, described nline n March 30 in Nature, hint that learning t handle envirnmental cmplexity as a child strengthens mental muscles fr spatial skills.
Nearly 400,000 peple frm 38 cuntries arund the wrld played a vide game called Sea Her Quest, designed by scientists and game develpers as a fun way t cllect data abut peple’s brains. Players pilted a bat in search f varius targets.
On average, peple wh said they had grwn up utside f cities, where they wuld have prbably encuntered lts f cmplicated paths, were better at finding the targets than peple wh were raised in cities.
What’s mre, the difference between city residents and utsiders was mst bvius in cuntries where cities tend t have simple layuts (布局), such as Chicag with its streets laid ut at 90-degree angles. The simpler the cities, the bigger the advantage fr peple frm mre rural areas, cgnitive scientist Antine Cutrt f CNRS and his clleagues reprt.
Still, frm these vide game data, scientists can’t definitively say that the childhd envirnment is behind the differences in navigatin. But it’s pssible. “As a kid, if yu are expsed t a cmplex envirnment, yu learn t find yur way, and yu develp the right cgnitive prcesses t d s,” Cutrt says.
Other factrs have been linked t navigatinal perfrmance, including age, gender, educatin and even a superir sense f smell. Figuring ut these details will give dctrs a mre precise baseline (基准) f a persn’s navigatinal abilities. That, in turn, might help reveal when these skills weaken, as they d in early Alzheimer’s disease, fr instance.
31．What des the underlined wrd “urbanites” in Paragraph 1 refer t?
A．Thse wh live clse t urban areas.
B．Thse wh are frm rural areas.
C．Thse wh are raised in cities.
D．Thse wh lng fr urban life.
32．Hw did the researchers carry ut the study?
A．By playing a game called Sea Her Quest.
B．By gathering data frm the vide game.
C．By recrding electrical activities in brains.
D．By cmparing varius targets f the game.
33．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3 and 4?
A．City utsiders perfrmed n better than city residents in the study.
B．Cities’ simple layuts gave city residents an advantage in the game.
C．There was n significant difference between city residents and utsiders.
D．The players’ perfrmance had smething t d with their earlier experience.
34．Which f the fllwing may Cutrt agree with?
A．Childhd surrundings might affect peple’s navigatinal abilities.
B．Gender and educatin are key t develping navigatinal abilities.
C．A superir sense f smell bears n relatin t navigatinal abilities.
D．The study f navigatinal abilities can help cure Alzheimer’s disease.
35．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw envirnment impacts early childhd develpment
B．Why is early childhd educatin imprtant fr ur future
C．When is the best time t btain yur navigatinal skills
D．Where yu grew up may shape yur navigatinal skills
Tired f underpaid jbs and incnvenient hurs, three entrepreneurial (富于企业家精神的) McLean teens decided t start their wn cmpany.
Their new cmpany, TeenServ aims t slve teenage unemplyment with a platfrm that matches students and cmmunity members wh need shrt-term assistance with varius tasks Thrugh TeenServ, residents sign up t pst jbs they need dne. Teens signed up t wrk can chse t accept a jb depending n their schedules and wrk preferences. Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want, making it cnvenient fr hectic schedules.
A year ag, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannt wrked as lifeguards at a lcal pl. Lanin tld Tysns Reprter that they were upset when a pay change “almst cut their salary in half,” and they wanted t find anther jb but there were few ptins. Then they came up with the idea fr TeenServ. “Aside frm getting a real jb, refereeing sprts r yard wrk, there isn’t rally a gd way t make mney,” Lannin said, adding that even becming a referee requires a significant sat-up cst fr teens — arund $70 — t pay fr training and a unifrm.
They started ut by ging dr t dr and asking cmmunity members if they wuld pay teens fair wages fr shrt-term yard wrk. Sn enugh,they began gathering pprtunities. With help frm an entrepreneurship class at McLean High Schl and feedback frm teens, the students were able t turn their idea int a reality. S far, the website has emplyed mre than 200 teens, accrding t Lannin. TeenServ pays students up t $18 per hur — well abve Virginia’s minimum wage f $7.25.
The business is fcused n mstly McLean fr nw, but TeenServ’s wners hpe t expand arund Fairfax Cunty. That invlves building up a base f teen wrkers befre allwing residents t pst jbs elsewhere in the cunty. After all, if residents need time-specific jbs dne, they can’t be the nes waiting.
36．What is TeenServ’s gal?
A．T increase the number f teen wrkers.
B．T help teens decide n their future career.
C．T encurage teens t start their wn business.
D．T cnnect cmmunity emplyers t lcal teens.
37．What des the underlined wrd “hectic” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Regular.B．Flexible.C．Traditinal.D．Busy.
38．What prblem did the three funders cme acrss last year?
A．They failed t find a part-time jb.
B．They received a significant pay cut.
C．They btained little funding fr their start-up.
D．They lst a game due t a referee’s unfair decisin.
39．What d the three wners plan t d?
A．Create mre time-specific jbs.
B．Raise Virginia’s minimum wage.
C．Grw their business utside f McLean.
D．Allw McLean residents t pst jbs elsewhere.
40．What des the text fcus n?
A．Three entrepreneurial McLean teens and their cmpany TeenServ.
B．The main reasns f teenage unemplyment in McLean.
C．The challenges three entrepreneurial McLean teens are facing.
D．The bright future f the platfrm TeenServ.
Frd has annunced it has hired a pair f Bstn Dynamics’ Spt rbtic dgs. Frd is using the rbtic dgs t help it 3D-map its Van Dyke Plant “By having the rbts scan ur plant, we can see what it actually lks like nw and build a new engineering mdel. That digital mdel is then used when we need t change the equipment in the plant fr new prducts,” said Mark Gderis, Frd’s digital engineering manager. The autmaker named ne f them Fluffy. The ther is keeping its name Spt assigned t it by Bstn Dynamics.
The dgs are used t capture 360-degree images f areas in the plant that are difficult t get t using a traditinal 3D camera n a tripd. They’re equipped with five cameras and can climb stairs and kneel dwn t get int hard-t-reach places. Their fur legs allw the rbts t walk like a dg, arund the plant at speeds f up t 3 mph — s they’re nt exactly zippy. Besides, the battery lasts fr nly tw hurs.
Mark said that the ld way f scanning with a camera n a tripd culd take tw weeks. Using the rbtic dgs cuts that time in half. It als used t cst $300,000 t d it the ld way. The rbtic dgs are cheaper, but Frd didn’t say by hw much.
At present, the metal dgs are fllwed by their handler, Paula Wiebelhaus, wh manages the rbtic dgs thrugh a cntrller with a display that sees what the dgs see. But in the near future Frd wants t be able t prgram the dgs t g t different parts f the plant and reprt back what they see withut being fllwed by a human. They can als ask fr a ride n the back f a mbile rbt that Frd has named Scuter. Like the dgs, it’s als capturing 3D scans f its envirnment.
41．What can we learn abut Frd frm Paragraph 1?
A．It uses rbtic dgs t build plants.
B．It is the main prducer f rbtic dgs.
C．It has named ne f the tw rbtic dgs.
D．It will replace its engineers with rbtic dgs.
42．What can the rbtic dgs d?
A．G anywhere they want.B．Sht 360-degree phts.
C．Cary at least 5 cameras.D．Keep wrking fr tw days.
43．What des the underlined wrd “zippy” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Quick-mving.B．Energy-saving.C．Funny-lking.D．Eye-catching.
44．What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．The advantages f rbtic dgs.B．Frd’s new way f saving mney.
C．Mark’s interest in high technlgy.D．The functins f traditinal cameras.
45．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Paula perates rbtic dgs thrugh vice.B．Scuter wrks well with the rbtic dgs.
C．Frd will buy mre rbtic dgs sn.D．The rbtic dgs need t be imprved.
In the 1950s, Japan began t fcus n develping is ecnmy. Every day, many peple traveled by train between Tky and Osaka. Many industrial materials were als transprted n thse railway lines. But the Japanese railway system was s utdated that the 320-mile trip culd take 20 hurs. S in 1955 the Japanese railway chief asked the natin’s engineers t create a faster train.
Mnths later, a team managed t create a train ging at a speed f 65mph — a speed that made it ne f the fastest passenger trains wrldwide at the time. But the railway chief wasn’t satisfied. He wanted 120mph. The engineers immediately explained that at thse speeds, if a train turned t sharply, the speed wuld frce the cars ff the track.
But the railway chief didn’t change his mind. After making many attempts, the engineers eventually created a train running up t 120mph and had a big influence n the industrial design wrldwide. This is an example f what a “stretch gal” (延展性目标) can achieve. When explring psychlgy, I was frequently tld by researchers that the mst successful peple tend t set gals differently frm everyne else. In particular they tend t identify big, seemingly unrealistic bjectives.
“Stretch gals break cmplacency (自满),” sme scientists wrte. “By frcing a big rise in cllective hpes, stretch gals can shift attentin t pssible new futures and perhaps lead t increased energy in the rganizatins. They thus can achieve mre.”
This lessn can be used in the mst rdinary aspects f life. Take t-d lists fr instance. When making t-d lists, sme peple ften write dwn tasks they can crss ff right away. That’s wrng. Befre writing easy tasks, yu shuld first put dwn at the tp f yur list a big stretch gal that will cnstantly remind yu f the main bjective yu’re trying t get dne.
46．What des the descriptin f Japan’s prblem in the 1950s shw?
A．The public’s discntent at its train service.
B．The unfavrable ecnmic situatin f Japan.
C．The practical need t imprve its railway system.
D．The unbalanced develpment f its transprtatin.
47．Hw did Japanese engineers react t the railway chief’s idea at first?
A．They fund it tugh but wrthwhile.
B．They cnsidered it ttally unrealistic.
C．They put frward their wn research plan.
D．They believed it wuld gradually cme true.
48．What did the authr ften hear abut when he was studying psychlgy?
A．Hw t break dwn big gals int smaller nes.
B．Hw t understand “stretch gals” matters.
C．Hw t create success step by step.
D．Hw t set gals sets peple apart.
49．The authr takes the t-d lists fr example t ______.
A．encurage peple t keep making t-d lists daily
B．indicate we’d better first achieve easy gals
C．prve t-d lists are crucial t rganizatins
D．shw stretch gals can apply t ur daily life
50．Which f the fllwing des the authr prbably agree with?
A．A stretch gal can be a duble-edged swrd.
B．Ambitin pushes persnal and scial prgress.
C．Readers need t listen t members’ pinins.
D．Gals shuld fit in with the reality.
参考答案：
1．C
2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的数学危机，这是一种儿童和成人都对学习数学感到焦虑的社会现象。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Other feelings caused by maths included fear and anger, while physical symptms included a racing heart r struggling t catch breath.”（数学引起的其他感觉包括恐惧和愤怒，而身体症状包括心跳加速或呼吸困难）可知，从剑桥大学研究人员的调查中，我们可以得知患有数学焦虑症的儿童在生理和心理上都会受到影响。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句““The prject studied students’ attitudes twards maths because f what culd be called a maths crisis in the UK,” researchers said. “Many children and adults experience feelings f anxiety, fear r discmfrt when they face maths. This may be leading t a lw level f maths in the cuntry.””（“该项目研究了学生对数学的态度，因为英国的数学危机，”研究人员说。“许多儿童和成人在面对数学时会感到焦虑、恐惧或不适。这可能会导致该国数学水平低下。”）可知，研究人员研究学生对数学的态度是因为各个年龄段的人都对数学感到焦虑，这引发了一场国家危机。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The number f adults with functinal maths skills equal t a GCSE (英国普通中等教育证书) grade C has drpped frm 26% in 2003 t nly 22% in 2011, accrding t the survey. At the same time, nly 57% f the children achieved the same level in functinal maths skills.”（调查显示，拥有相当于英国普通中等教育证书C级实用数学技能的成年人人数从2003年的26%下降到2011年的22%。与此同时，只有57%的儿童在实用数学技能方面达到了相同的水平）可知，第三段中，作者通过展示“26%”、“22%”和“57%”等相关数据来证明英国可能存在全国性的数学危机。故选A项。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“In fact, mre than 77% f children with high levels f maths anxiety are nrmal t high achievers.”（事实上，77%以上的数学焦虑程度高的儿童属于正常的高成就儿童）和“Prbably their maths anxiety will g unnticed because their perfrmance is gd. But they are very wrried and in the lng term their perfrmance is limited.”（也许因为他们的表现很好，他们的数学焦虑会被忽视。但他们非常担心，从长远来看，他们的表现是有限的）可知，在第四段中，Denes Szucs博士发现一些成绩优异的学生也患有数学焦虑症。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Jhn’s Hillman, directr f educatin at the Nuffield Fundatin said, “Mathematical achievement is valuable, as a fundatin fr many ther subjects and as an imprtant predictr f future academic learning, jb hunting and even health. Maths anxiety can seriusly influence students’ perfrmance in bth primary and secndary schls.””（纳菲尔德基金会教育主管约翰·希尔曼表示：“数学成绩很有价值，它是许多其他学科的基础，也是未来学术学习、求职甚至健康的重要预测因素。数学焦虑会严重影响中小学学生的表现。”）可知，最后一段介绍了数学学习的重要性及数学焦虑会造成的不良影响，由此可知，接下来的段落可能会回答怎样才能让孩子们对学习数学感到愉快放松的问题。故选B项。
6．A
7．B
8．A
9．D
10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者去银行办事，因为等待开始不耐烦，结果突然看到银行职员的茶放了很久都没有喝。作者突然和对方感同身受，认识到应该感谢那些帮助过我们的人。
6．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I went t the bank t get the bank wrk ut f the way.(我去银行是为了解决银行的工作)”可知，关于作者的说法中，A选项“他也在银行当职员”不正确。故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据第二段中“After waiting fr a few mre minutes, in which I shwed all signs f being impatient, I asked him if my wrk was dne.(我又等了几分钟，在这几分钟里，我表现出了各种不耐烦的迹象。我问他我的工作是否完成了)”以及第三段中“Suddenly I felt what this man must be feeling when custmers like me cme always in a hurry t get their wrk dne.(当像我这样的客户总是匆匆忙忙地来完成他们的工作时，我突然感觉到这个人是什么感觉)”可知，银行职员承受着巨大的工作压力。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据画线词后文“I felt that he was als missing the small things in life like a ht cup f tea r lying in a warm bed fr a few mre minutes like me.(我觉得他也在怀念生活中的一些小事，比如一杯热茶，或者像我一样在温暖的床上多躺几分钟)”可推知，作者和银行职员有了同样的感受，说明作者有时也有类似的情况。故画线词的句子告诉我们他有时也有类似的情况。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I vwed t be friendly with peple wh help me with my wrk and be thankful that they are there fr me.(我发誓要与那些帮助我工作的人友好相处，并感谢他们在我身边)”可推知，作者对银行职员的态度可能是感激之情。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I vwed t be friendly with peple wh help me with my wrk and be thankful that they are there fr me.(我发誓要与那些帮助我工作的人友好相处，并感谢他们在我身边)”可推知，文章想要告诉我们要感谢那些帮助你的人。故选C。
11．C
12．D
13．C
14．D
15．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上五处世界自然和文化遗产的情况。
11．细节理解题。根据表格第一部分“Funded, accrding t legend, by Rmulus and Remus in 753 BC, Rme was first the centre f the Rman Republic, then f the Rman Empire, and it became the capital f the Christian wrld in the 4th century.(据传说，罗马由罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯于公元前753年建立，首先是罗马共和国的中心，然后是罗马帝国，在4世纪成为基督教世界的首都)”可知，罗马曾经是基督教世界的首都。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据表格第一部分中“Funded, accrding t legend, by Rmulus and Remus in 753 BC(据传说，罗马由罗穆卢斯和雷穆斯于公元前753年建立)”；表格第二部分中“Funded in 3,000 B. C. , Damascus is ne f the ldest cities in the Middle East.(大马士革建于公元前3000年，是中东最古老的城市之一)”；第三部分中“Havana was funded in 1519 by the Spanish.(哈瓦那于1519年由西班牙人建立)”；第四段部分中“Ping Ya, funded in the 14th century(平遥，始建于14世纪)”可知，大马士革是最早建立的。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第四部分中“Of special interest are the splendid buildings assciated with banking, fr which Ping Ya was the majr centre fr the whle f China in the 19th and early 20th centuries.(尤其令人感兴趣的是与银行业有关的壮观建筑，在19世纪和20世纪初，平遥曾是整个中国银行业的主要中心)”可知，平遥曾经是中国银行业的主要中心。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Rainfrests f the Atsinanana are extremely imprtant fr keeping nging eclgical prcesses necessary fr the survival f Madagascar’s unique bidiversity (生物多样性), which reflects the island’s gelgical histry.( Atsinanana的热带雨林对保持持续的生态过程至关重要，这对马达加斯加独特的生物多样性的生存至关重要，这反映了该岛的地质历史)”可知，马达加斯加岛的地质历史造成了马达加斯加独特的生物多样性。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Heritage is treasure frm the past — what we live with tday and what we pass n t future generatins. T preserve it, UNESCO safeguards hundreds f natural and cultural Wrld Heritage sites arund the wrld.(遗产是来自过去的财富——我们今天生活的东西，以及我们传给后代的东西。为了保护它，联合国教科文组织在世界各地保护了数百处世界自然和文化遗产)”以及第二段“Here are 5 Wrld Heritage sites(以下是5处世界遗产)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍五处世界自然和文化遗产。故选A。
16．B
17．C
18．A
19．A
20．C
【导语】本文是说明文，文章推荐了4个精彩的艺术展览。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段“A new year brings a new calendar f exhibitins and there are s many fantastic shws t get stuck int. Make seeing mre art yur new year’s reslutin and start filling yur diary with these unmissable exhibitins.(新的一年带来了新的展览日历，有很多精彩的展览让你沉迷其中。把看更多的艺术作品作为你的新年决心，开始把这些不可错过的展览填进你的日记)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了推荐几个必看的艺术展览。故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据“Calligraphic Awards”中的“9:00 am-5:00 pm, clsed n Mndays (上午九时至下午五时，星期一休息)”可知，Calligraphic Awards营业时间是每天上午9点到下午五点，且周一闭馆，如果你想看Calligraphic Awards，你应该避开周一。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据“Refcusing n the Medium”中的“The exhibitin ends n May 8 (展览将于5月8日结束)”可知，Refcusing n the Medium展览将持续到5月8日。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cntemprary artist Yang Mushi is shwing installatins (设备) made between 2019 and 2022 at his furth sl exhibitin, Reverse Recnstructin, at Galerie Urs Meile.(当代艺术家杨牧时在他的第四次个展“反向重建”中展出了2019年至2022年期间制作的设备)”和“His wrks examine the meanings f handwrk and mass prductin that have reshaped peple's way f life.(他的作品审视了重塑人们生活方式的手工和大规模生产的意义)”可知，如果你对生产历史感兴趣，你应该去Galerie Urs Meile，故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A new year brings a new calendar f exhibitins and there are s many fantastic shws t get stuck int. (新的一年带来了新的展览日历，有很多精彩的展览让你沉迷其中)”可知，文章主要是介绍展览，和文化有关，所以最可能在报纸的文化专栏读到这篇文章。故选C项。
21．C
22．D
23．A
24．B
25．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文，主要阐述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。
21．推理判断题。根据以第一段“Curage is a highly admired virtue.(勇气是一种备受推崇的美德。)”，和“But there's anther frm f bravery that's much mre imprtant because it cmes up mre ften. It's called mral curage.(但是还有另一种形式的勇敢更重要，因为它出现的频率更高。这叫道德勇气。)”可知，本文重点介绍道德勇气。且下文主要讲述了什么是道德勇气，以及道德勇气的重要性。所以，第一段的主要目的是引出话题，故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mral curage is the ability that allws us t face ur fears and t cnquer ur darkest fears. It’s the ability t face the future withut knwing what is certain. It’s the ability t stand tall and cnfrnt thse wh ppse us, thse wh prevent us frm realizing wh we are and what we are. But mst imprtantly, it’s the ability t stand up fr what’s right, even thugh there are risks that stand in yur way.( 道德勇气是一种能力，使我们能够面对自己的恐惧，克服最黑暗的恐惧。这是一种在不知道什么是确定的情况下面对未来的能力。这是一种能够挺身而出，直面那些反对我们的人，那些阻止我们认识自己和自己的人的能力。但最重要的是，这是一种坚持什么是正确的能力，即使存在阻碍你前进的风险)”可知，在作者看来，道德勇气不是控制任何反对你的人的欲望，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“The ptential f shwing mral curage has the pwer f changing the wrld. It was because f the mral curage that Mahatma Gandhi was able t make India free frm British rule.(道德勇气的潜力具有改变世界的力量。正是由于这种道德勇气，圣雄甘地才能够使印度摆脱英国的统治。)”可知，真是由于甘地有道德勇气，才使得印度独立。道德勇气在改变世界中起着重要作用，故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据第四段“Curage is nt the absence f fear but the resistance f fear, the mastery f fear.(勇气不是没有恐惧，而是对恐惧的抵抗，对恐惧的掌握。)”可知，勇气是一种克服恐惧的精神，故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“We must try t develp the pwer f mral curage that will surely help in ending injustice and wrng and grant us a better wrld.(我们必须努力发展道德勇气的力量，这必将有助于结束不公正和错误，给我们一个更美好的世界。)”可知，作者建议我们要增强道德勇气，故选C。
26．D
27．A
28．A
29．C
30．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述中国残奥滑雪运动员毛忠武16岁时因意外跌落而导致下半身瘫痪，是体育让他走出人生低谷，他通过自强不息，从不放弃，在北京冬季残奥会中获得一枚金牌和两枚银牌。
26．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘It was sprts that made me cme ut f the lwest pint in my life and changed me physically, mentally and spiritually,’ Ma said.(‘是体育让我走出人生的低谷，从身体上、心理上和精神上都改变了我，’毛说)”可知，事故发生后，他在体育运动中获得了新生。故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fr a lng time, he felt ashamed and was unwilling t g ut.(很长一段时间，他感到羞愧，不愿意出去)”可知，因为对自己身体上的残疾感到羞愧，他很长时间不愿意出门。故选A项。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘As an lder athlete, he recvers slwly. He persevered thrugh willpwer,’ Fan said.(‘作为一名年纪较大的运动员，他恢复得很慢。他是靠意志力坚持下来的。’范说。)”可知，在教练范毅看来，毛忠武最大的挑战是年龄较大。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“He persevered thrugh willpwer(他靠意志力坚持下来)”和第四段“But I never gave up. With the supprt f my team, I stepped tward my gals ne by ne(但我从未放弃。在我的团队的支持下，我一步一步地朝着我的目标迈进)”以及“Althugh I’m nt yung nw, I will keep training and eye n mre gld medals as lng as I can.(虽然我现在已经不年轻了，但只要我能，我还是会继续训练，争取更多的金牌)”可知，毛忠武有决心且坚持不懈。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述中国残奥滑雪运动员毛忠武16岁时因意外跌落而导致下半身瘫痪，是体育让他走出人生低谷，他通过自强不息，从不放弃，在北京冬季残奥会中获得一枚金牌和两枚银牌。故作者通过他的故事想要告诉我们“每个人都是自己命运的主人”。故选B项。
31．C
32．B
33．D
34．A
35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了儿童时期的成长环境影响着人的导航能力。
31．词义猜测题。根据第一句的than可知作者拿urbanites和peple wh grw up utside f cities (在城市以外长大的人)对比，所以urbanties（Thse wh are raised in cities.）指的是城市人。故选C项。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Nearly 400,000 peple frm 38 cuntries arund the wrld played a vide game called Sea Her Quest, designed by scientists and game develpers as a fun way t cllect data abut peple’s brains（来自世界38个国家的近40万人玩了一款名为‘海洋英雄探索’的视频游戏，该游戏由科学家和游戏开发商设计，是一种收集人类大脑数据的有趣方式。）”可知研究人员是通过收集视频游戏的数据来进行研究的。故选B项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“On average, peple wh said they had grwn up utside f cities, where they wuld have prbably encuntered lts f cmplicated paths, were better at finding the targets than peple wh were raised in cities.（通常，那些说自己在城市以外长大的人，在那里他们可能会遇到许多复杂的道路，比在城市长大的人更善于找到目标。）”可知一个人早期的成长环境影响着他们在游戏中的表现。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第五段Cutrt所说的“As a kid, if yu are expsed t a cmplex envirnment, yu learn t find yur way, and yu develp the right cgnitive prcesses t d s（作为一个孩子，如果你接触到一个复杂的环境，你就会学会找到道路，并发展出正确的认知过程。）”可知，Cutrt认为儿童时期的成长环境影响人们的导航能力。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。本文主要通过对比在城里长大人和在城外长大的人在导航能力方面的差异告诉我们人的成长环境可能影响人的导航能力。所以短文的最佳标题为“你成长的地方可能会影响你的导航能力”。故选D项。
36．D
37．D
38．B
39．C
40．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个麦克莱恩的青少年，在厌倦了低薪和上班时间不便利的工作之后，决定创办自己的公司，该公司旨在为社区的青少年提供更多的兼职和就业岗位。
36．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Their new cmpany, Teen Serve aims t slve teenage unemplyment with a platfrm that matches students and cmmunity members wh need shrt-term assistance with varius tasks Thrugh Teen Serve, residents sign up t pst jbs they need dne.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）可知，Teen Serve的目的是帮助将社区雇主与当地青少年联系起来。故答案选D。
37．词义猜测题。根据前文中的“Their new cmpany, Teen Serve aims t slve teenage unemplyment with a platfrm that matches students and cmmunity members wh need shrt-term assistance with varius tasks Thrugh Teen Serve, residents sign up t pst jbs they need dne.”（他们的新公司Teen Serve旨在解决青少年失业问题，通过一个平台，为需要短期援助的学生和社区成员匹配各种任务。）同时根据本句中“Website users can pick up shifts wherever and whenever they want.”（网站用户可以随时随地进行换班），可知，网站用户可以随时随地轮班，为繁忙的日程安排提供便利。D选项“busy”译为“忙碌的”，与划线单词相符，故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中“A year ag, Jack Lannin, Quin Frew and Ben Jeannt wrked as lifeguards at a lcal pl. Lanin tld Tysns Reprter that they were upset when a pay change almst cut their salary in half.”（一年前，杰克·兰宁、奎恩·弗鲁和本·简诺特在当地一家游泳池担任救生员。拉宁告诉泰森记者，他们对薪酬变化“几乎使他们的薪水减半”感到不安），可知，去年他们所遇到的问题是：几乎自己的薪酬减半。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第五段段首“The business is fcused n mstly McLean fr nw, but Teen Serve’s wners hpe t expand arund Fairfax Cunty.”（目前，Teen Serve的业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但其所有者希望在费尔法克斯县扩大业务。）可知，他们的公司业务主要集中在麦克莱恩，但是希望扩大业务至其他地区。故选C。
40．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Tired f underpaid jbs and incnvenient hurs, three entrepreneurial McLean teens decided t start their wn cmpany.”（厌倦了低薪工作和不方便的工作时间，麦克莱恩的三个创业青年决定创办自己的公司。）可知文章，通过讲述的是麦克莱恩的三个青年企业家和他们的公司Teen Serve的故事。故选A。
【点睛】阅读理解题的解题方法，首先，宏观浏览，掌握大意。不要困扰在个别词汇的翻译上，偶有生词，走为上计。其次，读懂题干，带着问题再去微观细读。最后，分析句子，慎思明辨。阅读理解题之细节理解解题要注意：1.排除干扰项，突出主题。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关信息，预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将注意力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速浏览，一目十行。发现细节，十目一行，放慢速度，仔细核对比较，直到找到正确答案。
41．C
42．B
43．A
44．A
45．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Frd的机器狗的功能及用途等。
41．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The autmaker named ne f them Fluffy.(这家汽车制造商将其中一辆车命名为Fluffy。)”可知，福特已经为两只机器狗中的一只命名。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The dgs are used t capture 360-degree images f areas in the plant that are difficult t get t using a traditinal 3D camera n a tripd.(这些狗狗被用来捕捉工厂内各个区域的360度图像，而传统的3D相机很难在三脚架上拍摄到这些区域。)”可知，机器狗能拍摄360度的照片。故选B。
43．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Their fur legs allw the rbts t walk like a dg, arund the plant at speeds f up t 3 mph(它们的四条腿可以让机器人像狗一样行走，在工厂周围以每小时3英里的速度行走)”可知，它们移动的速度不是很快，也就是不是很敏捷，因此划线词zippy的意思是“敏捷的”，和quick-mving意思相近，故选A。
44．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Using the rbtic dgs cuts that time in half. It als used t cst $300,000 t d it the ld way. The rbtic dgs are cheaper, but Frd didn’t say by hw much.(使用机器狗将时间缩短了一半。以前用老方法也要花30万美元。机器狗更便宜，但福特没有透露具体的价格。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是机器狗的优点，故选A。
45．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But in the near future Frd wants t be able t prgram the dgs t g t different parts f the plant and reprt back what they see withut being fllwed by a human. They can als ask fr a ride n the back f a mbile rbt that Frd has named Scuter. Like the dgs, it’s als capturing 3D scans f its envirnment.(但在不久的将来，福特希望能够通过编程让狗狗前往工厂的不同区域，并报告它们看到的情况，而不需要人类跟踪。他们还可以乘坐福特命名为Scuter的移动机器人。和狗一样，它也能捕捉周围环境的3D扫描。)”可推断出，机器狗需要被改进，故选D。
46．C
47．B
48．D
49．D
50．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述日本铁路系统发展，并与作者自身学心理学的例子讲述了设定远大目标会推动进步，不断创造新的可能。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第四句话“But the Japanese railway system was s utdated that the 320-mile trip culd take 20 hurs.（但日本的铁路系统已经过时了，320英里的行程可能需要20个小时。）”以及最后一句话“S in 1955 the Japanese railway chief asked the natin’s engineers t create a faster train.（所以在1955年，日本铁路局局长要求该国的工程师制造更快的火车。）”可知，本段主要描述了日本铁路存在的问题，表明日本急需改进铁路运输系统。故选C项。
47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话“The engineers immediately explained that at thse speeds, if a train turned t sharply, the speed wuld frce the cars ff the track.（工程师们立即解释说，在这些速度下，如果火车转弯太急，速度会迫使汽车离开轨道。）”可知，工程师们对于高速行驶的想法表示怀疑。B项“他们认为这种想法不现实”更符合题意。故选B项。
48．细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句话“When explring psychlgy, I was frequently tld by researchers that the mst successful peple tend t set gals differently frm everyne else.（在探索心理学时，研究人员经常告诉我，最成功的人在往设定的目标与其他人不同。）”可知，作者在研究心理学时经常听到如何设定目标让人与众不同。故选D项。
49．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This lessn can be used in the mst rdinary aspects f life. Take t-d lists fr instance. When making t-d lists, sme peple ften write dwn tasks they can crss ff right away. That’s wrng. Befre writing easy tasks, yu shuld first put dwn at the tp f yur list a big stretch gal that will cnstantly remind yu f the main bjective yu’re trying t get dne.”（这个教训可以用在生活中最普通的方方面面。以待办事项清单为例。当制定任务清单时，有些人经常写下他们可以马上划掉的任务。这是错误的。在写下简单的任务之前，你应该先在列表的顶端写下一个大的目标，它会不断提醒你要完成的主要目标）可知，作者以待办事项清单为例，展示了拉伸目标可以应用到我们的日常生活中。故选D项。
50．推理判断题。全文主要通过日本铁路系统发展与作者自身学心理学的例子讲述了设定远大目标会推动进步，不断创造新的可能。B项“远大的抱负会推动个人和社会进步”更符合题意。故选B项。
Funded, accrding t legend, by Rmulus and Remus in 753 BC, Rme was first the centre f the Rman Republic, then f the Rman Empire, and it became the capital f the Christian wrld in the 4th century.
Funded in 3,000 B．C．, Damascus is ne f the ldest cities in the Middle East. In the Middle Ages, it was the centre f a splendid craft industry, specializing in swrds. The city has sme 125 mnuments frm different perids f its histry.
Havana was funded in 1519 by the Spanish. By the 17th century, it had becme ne f the Caribbean’s main centres fr ship-building. Althugh it is tday a mdern city, its ld centre remains an interesting mix f Barque and neclassical (新古典主义的) mnuments.
Ping Ya, funded in the 14th century, shws the evlutin f architectural styles and twn planning in Imperial China ver five centuries. Of special interest are the splendid buildings assciated with banking, fr which Ping Ya was the majr centre fr the whle f China in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Rainfrests f the Atsinanana are extremely imprtant fr keeping nging eclgical prcesses necessary fr the survival f Madagascar’s unique bidiversity (生物多样性), which reflects the island’s gelgical histry. Having cmpleted its separatin frm all ther land masses mre than 60 millin years ag, Madagascar’s plant and animal life evlved in islatin (孤立).