高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science优秀课件ppt

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science优秀课件ppt，共34页。PPT课件主要包含了 注意事项 1， 两个助动词， 非延续性动词， 不及物动词或词组， 动词短语，practice 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

We planted the trees.
The trees were planted by us.
is/am/are dne
was/were dne
will be dne
wuld be dne
is/am/are being dne
was/were being dne
have/has been dne
had been dne
Ftball is played in mst cuntries in the wrld.
The fish was caught by Mr. Green.
Will the huse be built next year?
He knew he wuld be punished fr drunk driving.
Anther bridge is being built ver the river.
This rad was being built this time last year.
N agreement has been reached s far by the tw sides.
When we gt t the cinema, all the tickets had been sld ut.
Are yu familiar with these sunds?
Yu have been slain.
An ally has been slain.
slay-- slayed -- slayedslay-- slew -- slain 击杀
现在完成时 (have/has + v-ed)：表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响;或表示动作发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。
Present perfect passive
被动语态 (be + v-ed)be随主语的人称、数和时态的变化而变化。当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动语态。
Lk at the sentences frm the reading passage and answer the questins.
a I guess yu have been asked abut the title f yur bk befre.b New inventins like 3D printers have been used t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
1 What has happened t “yu” in sentence (a)?
Smene has asked “yu” abut the title f yur bk befre.
2 Wh has used new inventins t make replacement hearts and bne parts in sentence (b)?
Peple have used 3D printers t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
a I guess yu have been asked abut the title f yur bk befre.b New inventins like 3D printers have been used t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
4 Why des the authr chse t use the passive frm instead f the active frm in the reading passage?
The authr chses t use the passive frm instead f the active frm t emphasise what has been dne, rather than wh r what des the actin.
Nw lk fr mre sentences with the present perfect passive in the reading passage.
1) The New Age f Inventin has just been published..
2) In additin, imprtant advances have been made in medicine and envirnmental science thanks t increasing cmputer pwer..
3) New inventins like 3D printers have been used t make replacement hearts and bne parts.
一 现在完成时的被动语态含义
1 表过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在，常连用的时间状语有： fr+段时间，since +时间状语(从句)，these days, s far, up t nw, in the last/ past few years等。
This class have been taught by Mr. Brwn fr tw years.
Rwling’s nvels have been translated int many freign languages s far.
His Chinese has been imprved a lt since he came t China.
这个班已经被Mr.Brwn教了两年了
自从他来中国，他的中文已经提升了很多
迄今为止罗琳的小说已经被翻译成了很多外国语言。
2 表某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常与already, yet, just, ever, never, recently等连用。
The bike has nt been repaired yet.
I have already been intrduced t Mr. Smith.
我已经被介绍给史密斯先生了
during / ver + 时间段, in the last / past + 时间段等时间状语
常与现在完成时搭配的时间状语
recently , lately ,
s far, up t nw,
二 现在完成时的被动语态几种常规用法
When t use the Present perfect passive?
1. 不知道或者没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁； His bike has been stlen. Such bks have been written fr children. The letter has been pened.2. 强调动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者； All the prducts have been tested. 3. 用于动作的执行者不是人时。 The huse has been washed away by the fld.
（已经为儿童编写这类图书了。）
（这些产品都经过测试了。）
（这封信被人拆开了。）
（那栋房子已经被洪水冲走了。）
（他的自行车被人偷了）
三 现在完成时的被动语态结构
have/has + been + v-edhave/has + nt + been + v-edHave/Has +主语+ been +v-ed?疑问词+have/has +been+ v-ed?
The ink has nt been remved frm his vercat.
（墨迹还没有从他的外套上去掉）
Has the date fr the next meeting been decided ?
（下次会议的日期已经确定了吗？）
Hw lng has this film been shwn ?
（这部电影已经放映多长时间了？）
Wh has been helped by the new cmputer ?
（谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？）
Hw many new wrds has been learned by the students ?
（这些学生已经学会了对少个新单词？）
1 现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即have/has和been， 两者缺一不可。
He has been selected t take part in the sprts meeting.
（他已经被挑选出来参加运动会。）
与一般过去时被动语态的区别
一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去，其结果对现在没有影响；现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。
The machine has been repaired．
机器已经修好了。(动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，修好了。)
The machine was repaired yesterday．
机器昨天修了。(只说明动作发生在昨天。)
非持续性动词，如 cme , g , start , begin , leave , arrive , reach , get , marry , die , buy 等现在完成时的被动语态不能和表示一段时间的状语如hw lng, fr three days等连用。若要表达相应意思，需改动词或时态。
The new car has been kept fr a mnth. (brrw)
这辆新车已经被借了一周了。
The new car has been brrwed fr a mnth.
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，可与since或fr构成的时间状语连用。
eg: This dictinary has nt been brrwed since last week.
并不是所有动词都有被动语态。happen , take place , break ut , belng t , cst , last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
1978年以来，中国发生了巨大的变化
动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持其完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。
The rphans have been taken gd care f here．
孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾。
The injured bird has been lked after since it was saved.
那只受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。
（after 不可省略）
如何将句子变成现在完成时的被动语态？
将下面句子中的主动语态变为被动语态。
1. Nbdy has heard f Susan since she mved t America.   __________________________________________________2. They wn't finish the experiment befre ten 'clck.___________________________________________________
Susan hasn't been heard f since she mved t America.
The experiment wn't be finished befre ten 'clck.
This questin has already been discussed.
3. We haven't given them anything t eat.    __________________________________________________4. Have yu fed the pigs yet?   __________________________________________________5. We have already discussed this questin.    __________________________________________________
They haven't been given anything t eat.
Have the pigs been fed yet?
Many things in ur lives have already been affected,
1. It has already affected many things in ur lives,
3D-printed hamburgers have been served t custmers in sme restaurants in Lndn.
2. sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3D-printed hambuegers t custmers.
But perhaps the mst significant success that has been achieved t date is in medicine.
3. But perhaps the mst significant success that peple have achieved t date is in dedicine
Human bdy parts, including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technlgy.
4. They have made human bdy parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technlgy.
A new 3D-printed shell has been given t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
5. peple have given a new 3D-printed shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire.
Imagine yu are Dr Mre. Lk at the pictures and tell the plice abut the damage and lss t yur lab. Use the present perfect passive where apprpriate.
In the mrning, when I went int my lab, I felt extremely surprised. What a mess it is nw! My lab _____________ (break) int. The nly rbt at the dr _____________ (push) dwn int pieces. The dr f the cupbard was pen. Sme chemical apparatuses such as test glasses and tubes _______________ (knck) ver. In additin, my papers n the desk ________________ (turn) in disrder.
have been turned
has been brken
has been pushed
have been kncked