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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品单元测试达标测试
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品单元测试达标测试，共20页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It is that time f the year, when a handful f wrld’s leading schlars, scial activists and researchers are rewarded with what is ften cited as the mst prestigius acknwledgement f human effrt-the Nbel Prize. Here’s a lk at wh has wn the prize and fr what.
Physilgy r Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peab wn the first Nbel f the year, fr starting the field f ancient DNA studies. He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.
Physics
Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022. Althugh Aspect is frm France, Clauser frm the U.S, and Zeilinger frm Austria, the three separately perfrmed “grundbreaking experiments” as ne team. “Their results have cleared the way fr new technlgy,” the cmmittee stated.
Chemistry
The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. Dr. Bertzzi is the eighth wman chemist t be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist t be awarded tw Nbel Prizes.
Ecnmics
The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday. By studying the histry f American ecnmics, particularly the Great Depressin f the 1930s,they imprved hw we understand the rle f banks during times f hardship and the bank’s impact n scietal functins.
1．What prize is related t the research with bnes?
A．Physilgy.B．Chemistry.C．Physics.D．Ecnmics.
2．Fr what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?
A．Abut scietal functins.B．Abut the histry f America.
C．Abut banks and financial crises.D．Abut the Great Depressin f the 1930s.
3．What d the prizes fr physics, chemistry and ecnmics have in cmmn?
A．Their winners are frm different cuntries.B．They have three winners.
C．They imprve new technlgy. D．They help peple understand hardship.
B
At 1:43 a. m, Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh, revealing the mmentus news, tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.”
Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, William Bertzzi, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT. “He’s 91 and, f curse, he was just verjyed,” said Bertzzi. “And then he called my sisters fr me. One f my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
Bertzzi was recgnized fr funding the field f birthgnal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set f chemical reactins that allw researchers t study mlecules（分子）and their interactins in living things withut invlving natural bilgical prcesses, Bertzzi’s lab has been using the new methds t answer fundamental questins abut the rle f sugars in bilgy, t slve practical prblems, such as develping better tests fr infectius diseases, and t create a new medicine that can better target tumrs (肿瘤).
“I culd nt be mre delighted that Bertzzi has wn the Nbel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanfrd President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Bertzzi invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses, ne that has helped scientists arund the wrld gain deeper understanding f chemical reactins in living systems. Being a crwn jewel in chemistry, her wrk has had remarkable real-wrld impact. The research achievements have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancermedicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.”
“They call and I’m nt even awake ... have hundreds f vicemails. This is hw it’s ging t be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews abut tw hurs later t check her messages, Bertzzi said, “My family is already bking their flights t Stckhlm. It’s amazing. G back t sleep!”
4．Why was a call made t Bertzzi at midnight?
A．T warn her f sme emergency.
B．T infrm her f winning the prize.
C．T make preparatins fr a meeting.
D．T cllect things t visit her relatives.
5．What des Bertzzi’s lab use the new methds t d?
A．Develp a new drug fr cancer.B．Prduce mre nutritius sugars.
C．Separate bilgy frm chemistry.D．Find cures fr infectius diseases.
6．What des the underlined part “a crwn jewel” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The king’s treasure.B．The universal fcus.
C．The mst cmplex part.D．The mst valuable breakthrugh.
7．What kind f persn is Bertzzi?
A．Curageus and quiet.B．Creative and generus.
C．Wild and hard-wrking.D．Pineering and humrus.
C
Daniel Brush, an astnishing wrker in gld, jewels and steel died n Nvember 2022, aged 75. Students frm a jewellery schl nce came t Brush’s studi, a lft in mid-Manhattan, awed t be meeting a figure wh, t them, was a wrker f miracles.
Fr 45 years in that lft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the nly cmpany. He prduced hundreds f bjects f all srts, mst f them exquisite and many astnishingly small. Rather than use electricity, he labured alne in a frest f antique machines and when tls frustrated him he made his wn, displaying them in cupbards as art in themselves.
Abve all else, he wrked in gld. His bsessin tk fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gld bwl in the Victria and Albert Museum. The ancient technique f applying gld beads as fine as sand-grains t a curved gld surface withut slder (焊接), was stunning, but s was the lightness f spirit.
He reslved then that he wuld make such a bwl, and gld became the study f his life. Simply t watch it melt, turn t red-ht and white-ht, then glw purple, was magical. T hld pure gld grain and let it mve slwly thrugh his fingers restred his calm f spirit. His chief mtivatin, he said, was t understand the material and, thrugh that, himself. He wndered why his heart had beaten s fast in the museum that day. Gld in particular had a message fr him. His cntact with this glrius metal might fcus all his attentin and help him t hear it.
He develped delicate craftsmanship, with each bject virtually a museum piece. Fr Daniel Brush, he lved the idea that ne might take a piece made by Brush ut f a pcket, let its beauty pass frm mind t mind, and smile. That t was what its maker was after.
8．What can we learn abut Daniel Brush?
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began t live in his lft in 1975.
C．He tended t use ancient crafts t prduce bjects.
D．Mst bjects he prduced were f a surprisingly small size.
9．What is the main reasn fr his lifelng study f gld?
A．He wanted t learn mre abut bth gld and himself.
B．He wndered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restred when gld grain mved thrugh fingers.
D．Gld had a particular message fr him and he was eager t hear it.
10．Which f the fllwing can best describe Daniel Brush?
A．Stubbrn.B．Wealthy.C．Dedicated.D．Lnely.
11．What des the authr try t emphasize in the last paragraph?
A．Brush’s valuable wrks.B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire fr fame.D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
D
The Mattel ty cmpany created a new Barbie dll with the famus British scientist Jane Gdall as its mdel. The cmpany issued the new dll this week, the latest member f the Barbie tymaker’s “Inspiring Wmen”. Mattel said the dll, made frm used plastic, hnred Gdall’s deep research n chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her effrts t prtect the wild animals.
The dll was dressed in a light brwn shirt and shrts, much like that seen in many images f Gdall at wrk in Africa. It als came with a ntebk, telescpes and anther dll mdeled n the real chimp Gdall named David Greybeard. He was the first chimpanzee with which she built trust in Tanzania’s Gmbe Stream Natinal Park. The relatinship permitted her t study the animals extremely clsely. “I wanted a dll t be me even befre this idea came up,” the 88- year-ld scientist said. She praised Mattel fr develping new Barbies standing fr a wider number f wrking wmen.
Lisa McKnight agreed. She is the Executive Vice President and Glbal Head f Barbie and Dlls fr Mattel. She said, “We hpe that this cllectin inspires kids t learn mre abut green careers and hw they can prtect the planet, and act ut stries abut envirnmental prtectin thrugh dll play.”
Gdall started her research in what is nw Tanzania in the 1960s. She prduced much research n wild chimpanzees ver the years. She recrded hw they made and used tls, lived in cmmunities, and shwed a high level f emtinal understanding.
Gdall wanted t teach children that if they wanted t have a gd effect n the changing envirnment, they must act. Gdall said, “Hpe is abut actin n climate change, lss f wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pllutin. We reach ut t thers because there are peple wrking n each ne f these prblems…”
12．What d we knw abut the dll mdeled n Gdall?
A．It was created by Gdall.
B．It lked like a chimpanzee.
C．It was in hnur f Gdall.
D．It was named David Greybeard.
13．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The habits f chimpanzees.
B．Gdall’s career experiences.
C．The imprtance f studying wild animals.
D．The bad living cnditins f chimpanzees.
14．What did Gdall call n children t d in the last paragraph?
A．Keep healthy.
B．Raise questins.
C．Adapt t the envirnment.
D．Prtect the natural envirnment.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Jane Gdall Gets Her Own Dll
B．A New Dll Is Abut t G n Sale
C．Wmen Shuld Have Green Careers
D．Envirnmentally Friendly Actin Is a Must
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Albert Einstein was brn in Ulm, Germany n 14 March, 1879. 16 Einstein was s smart that at age 16 he wrte his first paper. Hwever, Einstein did badly at schl. 17 He ended up at cllege in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult t get a jb after cllege, but a friend fund him wrk finally.
Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) fur scientific papers! 18 One f the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different frms f the same thing. This was explained by his famus equatin E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a prfessr at the University f Zurich. He cntinued imprving his wrk, and in 1915 he published his thery f general relativity (广义相对论) .
In 1919, ne f Albert’s theries was prved, making him the mst famus scientist alive! 19 His wrk changed the way we think abut time and space, and als helped with develpments like the televisin.
20 And in 1933, Albert decided t stay in the USA frever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s wrk with atms (原子) led t the inventin f the atmic bmb. Albert spent the rest f his life taking part in activities fr wrld peace. He died in 1955.
A．Albert spent lts f time in America.
B．Einstein lved t use his imaginatin.
C．His wrk turned mdern physics n its head.
D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disrganized.
E．As a child, he enjyed slving math prblems.
F．And he wn the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics.
G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible 21 peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascani Sbrer, the inventr f nitrglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 22 f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a 23 explsive (爆炸物). After years f 24 , in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives. He 25 his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.
When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 26 published Alfred’s bituary (讣告). Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was 27 t find ut his public image. Then newspaper strngly 28 Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became 29 by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.”
T Alfred, this bituary was a(n) 30 . He spent his lifetime alne 31 things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered. This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will. s as t 32 his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last 33 , saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great 34 t mankind in physics, chemistry,physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace. T widespread astnishment, Dr. Alfred Nbel 35 94% f his ttal wealth t fund the five Nbel Prizes.
21．A．.rememberingB．hnuringC．creditingD．negating
22．A．natureB．.cnductC．flavurD．benefit
23．A．deadlyB．bitterC．usable.D．mild
24．A．innvatinsB．effrtsC．hesitatinD．assciatin
25．A．brught upB．put upC．brke upD．built up
26．A．mistakenlyB．purpsefullyC．unintentinallyD．scientifically
27．A．satisfiedB．relievedC．impressedD．disappinted
28．A．praisedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．favured
29．A．greedyB．essentialC．richD．sufficient
30．A．errrB．warningC．threatD．cnsequence
31．A．destryingB．inventingC．cmbiningD．stimulating
32．A．imprveB．establishC．illustrateD．secure
33．A．requestB．illustratinC．willD．frtune
34．A．chicesB．decisinsC．prfitsD．cntributins
35．A．gave awayB．gave backC．gave ffD．gave ut
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Yuyu is universally acknwledged as a scientist f great 36 (achieve). Brn in Ningb, China, n 30 December 1930, Tu Yuyu graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. In 1967, she was chsen int a research team 37 was frmed by the gvernment with the aim f discvering a new treatment 38 malaria and tw years later she became the head f the prject in Beijing. She and her teammates examined ver 2,000 ld medical texts, 39 (evaluate) 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight against malaria. As a 40 (cmmit) and patient scientist, she never acknwledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing t draw ut useful extract by 41 (bil)the sweet wrmwd, she began even 42 (careful) thinking and research wrk. She drew 43 cnclusin that biling the sweet wrmwd destryed 44 (it) medical prperties. S she used a lwer temperature 45 (draw) ut the extract and finally she succeeded.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“The scientist I admire mst”征文活动。请你用英语写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
1.概述我最敬佩的科学家
2.他/她的杰出事迹
3.我敬佩他/她的理由及他/她对我的影响
注意：1.词数不少于80字；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
The scientist I admire mst
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。
Desiree, a 4-year-ld girl, was sbbing quietly ver her father, Ken, wh had died nine mnths earlier. She was hugging a phtgraph f her father with her fingers running arund his face. “Daddy”, she said sftly, “Why wn't yu cme back?”
Instead f gradually adjusting t her father's death, Desiree refused t accept it “Daddy will be hme sn,” she'd tell her mther. “He's at wrk.” When she played with her ty telephne, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss yu, Daddy,” she'd say. “When will yu cme back?” Desiree's situatin made her mther wrried.
Days later, it was Ken's birthday. “Hw will I send him a card?” Desiree asked her mther “Hw abut if we tie a litter t a balln.” her mther said, “and send it up t heaven?” Desiree's eyes immediately lit up.
Her mther tk her t a stre and Desiree picked ut a balln with HAPPY BIRTHDAY abve a drawing f The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desire and her father had ften watched it.
The child's eyes shne as they were n the way t Ken's grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter t her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I lve yu and miss yu,” she rattled ff (快速说). “I hpe yu get this and can write t me n my birthday in January.”
Her mther wrte the message and their address n a small piece f paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied t the end f the string n the balln. Finally, Desiree let fly the balln. Fr almst an hur, they watched the shining spt f silver grw smaller and smaller till disappear. “Nw Dad's ging t write back t me,” Desiree said cnfidently.
Every day since they'd flew the balln, Desiree had asked her mther, “D yu think Daddy has my balln yet?” Several weeks passed, and she stpped asking.
Paragraph 1
One day, 3,000 miles away, Wade was n a duck hunt when suddenly smething in the bush caught his eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
Desire's fifth birthday came and later n the afternn, a package arrived.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、Jhn F. Clauser和Antn Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carlyn R. Bertzzi、来自丹麦的Mrten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertzzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh, revealing the mmentus news, tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertzzi被一位诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这位代表透露了这一重大消息，告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间来振作起来，等待你的生活改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertzzi获奖了。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bertzzi’s lab has been using the new methds t answer… and t create a new medicine that can better target tumrs (肿瘤).(Bertzzi的实验室一直在使用新的方法来回答……并创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药)”可知，Bertzzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancermedicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.(研究成果已用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，生产新的储能材料，以及其他许多应用)” 可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crwn jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertzzi was recgnized fr funding the field f birthgnal chemistry(生物正交化学)(Bertzzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Bertzzi invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses(在生物正交化学领域的开拓中，Bertzzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertzzi是有开拓性的。根据最后一段的“My family is already bking their flights t Stckhlm. It’s amazing. G back t sleep!(我的家人已经在预订飞往斯德哥尔摩的航班。太棒了。回去睡觉吧！)”推知，Bertzzi是幽默的。综上，故选D项。
8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。
8．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The ancient technique f applying gld beads as fine as sand-grains t a curved gld surface withut slder (焊接), was stunning, but s was the lightness f spirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知Daniel Brush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。
9．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“His chief mtivatin, he said, was t understand the material and, thrugh that, himself. He wndered why his heart had beaten s fast in the museum that day. Gld in particular had a message fr him. His cntact with this glrius metal might fcus all his attentin and help him t hear it.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。
10．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Fr 45 years in that lft, he had pursued his calling (在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知Daniel Brush非常投入和专注，故选C。
11．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Fr Daniel Brush, he lved the idea that ne might take a piece made by Brush ut f a pcket, let its beauty pass frm mind t mind, and smile. That t was what its maker was after. (对于Daniel Brush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型，制造了一款新的芭比娃娃。并介绍Jane Gdall的工作经历及其对社会的贡献。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mattel said the dll, made frm used plastic, hnred Gdall’s deep research n chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her effrts t prtect the wild animals. (Mattel说，这个娃娃由废旧塑料制成，因Gdall对坦桑尼亚黑猩猩的深入研究以及她为了保护野生动物所做的努力而对Gdall表示敬意。)”可知，这个芭比娃娃是为了向Jane Gdall表示敬意。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据第四段“She prduced much research n wild chimpanzees ver the years. She recrded hw they made and used tls, lived in cmmunities, and shwed a high level f emtinal understanding. (多年来，她对野生黑猩猩进行了大量研究。她记录了他们如何制作和使用工具，在群落中生活，并表现出高度的情感理解。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Gdall的研究及工作经历。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gdall wanted t teach children that if they wanted t have a gd effect n the changing envirnment, they must act. Gdall said, “Hpe is abut actin n climate change, lss f wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pllutin. (Gdall想告诉孩子们，如果他们想对不断变化的环境产生积极的影响，他们必须采取行动。Gdall说：“希望是关于应对气候变化，野生动物的灭绝，不友好的生活方式和污染的行动。)”可知，Jane Gdall号召孩子们行动起来保护自然环境。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Mattel ty cmpany created a new Barbie dll with the famus British scientist Jane Gdall as its mdel. The cmpany issued the new dll this week, the latest member f the Barbie tymaker’s “Inspiring Wmen”. (Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型，制造了一个新的芭比娃娃。该公司本周发布了新娃娃，这是芭比玩具制造商“鼓舞人心的女性”的最新成员。)”可知，文章介绍了一款新的芭比娃娃，它是由Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型制造的，使Jane Gdall拥有了自己的芭比娃娃。故推知文章标题应为Jane Gdall Gets Her Own Dll，故选A。
16．E 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。
16．上文“Albert Einstein was brn in Ulm, Germany n 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was s smart that at age 16 he wrte his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjyed slving math prblems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。
17．由上文“Hwever, Einstein did badly at schl. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at cllege in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult t get a jb after cllege, but a friend fund him wrk finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at schl”相呼应。故选G。
18．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) fur scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His wrk turned mdern physics n its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。
19．上文“In 1919, ne f Albert’s theries was prved, making him the mst famus scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His wrk changed the way we think abut time and space, and als helped with develpments like the televisin.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he wn the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“ne f Albert’s theries was prved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。
20．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided t stay in the USA frever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lts f time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lts f time in America”与下文“decided t stay in the USA frever”相呼应。故选A。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. hnuring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. cnduct行为、举动；C. flavur味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“explding under pressure r heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innvatins创新；B. effrts努力；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. assciatin协会。根据上文“Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a ___3___ explsive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brught up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. brke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. unintentinally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappinted失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strngly ___8___ Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became ___9___ by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. errr错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. cnsequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destrying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. cmbining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. imprve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustratin说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. frtune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. chices选择；B. decisins决定；C. prfits利润；D. cntributins贡献。根据第一段“The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible ___1___ peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave ff散发；D. gave ut分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
36．achievement 37．that/which 38．fr 39．evaluated 40．cmmitted 41．biling 42．mre careful 43．a 44．its 45．t draw
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟大科学家屠呦呦的经历和所取得的成就。
36．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被公认为一位成就斐然的科学家。分析句式结构可知，f 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。
37．考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组织的研究小组，该小组旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。两年后，她成为北京该项目的负责人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that或which。
38．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用介词fr构成固定搭配，a new treatment fr malaria 意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”。故填fr。
39．考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物的药用特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面表现出了希望。分析句式结构可知，设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。
40．考查形容词。句意：作为一名有献身精神和耐心的科学家，她遇到任何困难都不承认失败。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词cmmitted意为“尽心尽力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。故填cmmitted。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：在煮沸艾草无法提取出有用的提取物后，她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作。分析句意可知，by ding sth.意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。故填biling。
42．考查形容词的比较级。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填mre careful。
43．考查冠词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸青蒿会破坏其药用价值。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配draw a cnclusin that...表示“得出一个……的结论”。故填a。
44．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度提取出了提取物，最后她成功了。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配use sth. t d sth.表示“使用某物做某事”。故填t draw。
46．The scientist I admire mst
Fr this tpic, different peple may have different ideas. Amng all the scientists, I admire Yuan Lngping mst, wh is the persn with willingness t serve the cuntry.
In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn. As a tp scientist in the wrld, Mr. Yuan lived a very simple life, but his cntributins were invaluable t the field f science and agriculture. Withut him and his team, there wuld still be millins f peple having t face the threat f hunger. He devted his whle life t his cuntry and peple, and even t the wrld.
S we shuld learn frm Mr. Yuan. Lve ur cuntry and serve ur peple.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写题为“我最敬佩的科学家”的短文投稿，参加征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想法：idea→view
不同的：different→varius
优秀的：excellent→ utstanding
献身于：devte neself t→be cmmitted t
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn
拓展句：In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn that deserves everyne's admiratin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Amng all the scientists, I admire Yuan Lngping mst, wh is the persn with willingness t serve the cuntry with heart and sul.（运用了wh引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Withut him and his team, there wuld still be millins f peple having t face the threat f hunger. （运用了虚拟语气）
47．Paragraph 1
One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was n a duck hunt when suddenly smething in the bush caught his eye. Curius, he apprached t find a silver balln, with a piece f paper at the end f the string, wrapped in plastic. Taking it hme, Wade read the tuching lines t his wife Dnna. She was deeply mved. With tears in her eyes, Dnna decided t help Desiree. The cuple went t buy a birthday card and a bk f The Little Mermaid, and then she began t write a letter t Desiree.
Paragraph 2
Desiree’s fifth birthday came and later n the afternn, a package arrived. Lking at the unfamiliar return address, Desiree’s mther was cnfused. Suddenly an idea struck her: the balln! She pened the parcel and fund a card with “Fr a Dear Daughter”. Her heart raced. She rushed t Desiree’s rm and shwed her the letter. “It’s frm Daddy!” Desiree jumped with jy, asking her mther t read it fr her. “Happy birthday, my little angel!” Her mther began. A big tear began t trickle dwn Desiree’s cheek.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，4岁的小女孩Desiree 9个月前失去了父亲，她没有适应父亲的去世，认为父亲在工作，在父亲生日那天，她想给父亲寄卡片，母亲带她去商店买了气球，写了一封信绑在气球上，自从放飞了气球，她每天都问妈妈爸爸收到了没，直到几个星期后她不问了。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一天，3000英里外，韦德正在猎鸭子，突然灌木丛中有什么东西引起了他的注意。本段应该写韦德出于好奇去查看，发现了这个银色气球和上面的信，他把信带回家，他的妻子看了信的内容，深受感动，决定帮助Desiree，回信给Desiree。第二段开头是：Desiree的五岁生日到了，下午晚些时候，一个包裹送来了。本段应该写Desiree的妈妈拿着包裹，立马想到了这个包裹可能与气球有关，打开包裹后，发现是给女儿Desiree的，她立马给女儿看，Desiree看了信后，非常开心和感动。
注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：at the end f，decide t d sth.，rush t，trickle dwn等高级词汇；Taking it hme和Lking at the unfamiliar return address非谓语动词短语，with a piece f paper at the end f the string和With tears in her eyes是with复合结构等高级句式。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共30分，略）
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
It is that time f the year, when a handful f wrld’s leading schlars, scial activists and researchers are rewarded with what is ften cited as the mst prestigius acknwledgement f human effrt-the Nbel Prize. Here’s a lk at wh has wn the prize and fr what.
Physilgy r Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peab wn the first Nbel f the year, fr starting the field f ancient DNA studies. He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.
Physics
Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022. Althugh Aspect is frm France, Clauser frm the U.S, and Zeilinger frm Austria, the three separately perfrmed “grundbreaking experiments” as ne team. “Their results have cleared the way fr new technlgy,” the cmmittee stated.
Chemistry
The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. Dr. Bertzzi is the eighth wman chemist t be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist t be awarded tw Nbel Prizes.
Ecnmics
The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday. By studying the histry f American ecnmics, particularly the Great Depressin f the 1930s,they imprved hw we understand the rle f banks during times f hardship and the bank’s impact n scietal functins.
1．What prize is related t the research with bnes?
A．Physilgy.B．Chemistry.C．Physics.D．Ecnmics.
2．Fr what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?
A．Abut scietal functins.B．Abut the histry f America.
C．Abut banks and financial crises.D．Abut the Great Depressin f the 1930s.
3．What d the prizes fr physics, chemistry and ecnmics have in cmmn?
A．Their winners are frm different cuntries.B．They have three winners.
C．They imprve new technlgy. D．They help peple understand hardship.
B
At 1:43 a. m, Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh, revealing the mmentus news, tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.”
Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, William Bertzzi, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT. “He’s 91 and, f curse, he was just verjyed,” said Bertzzi. “And then he called my sisters fr me. One f my sisters and my dad watched it live.”
Bertzzi was recgnized fr funding the field f birthgnal chemistry (生物正交化学), a set f chemical reactins that allw researchers t study mlecules（分子）and their interactins in living things withut invlving natural bilgical prcesses, Bertzzi’s lab has been using the new methds t answer fundamental questins abut the rle f sugars in bilgy, t slve practical prblems, such as develping better tests fr infectius diseases, and t create a new medicine that can better target tumrs (肿瘤).
“I culd nt be mre delighted that Bertzzi has wn the Nbel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanfrd President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Bertzzi invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses, ne that has helped scientists arund the wrld gain deeper understanding f chemical reactins in living systems. Being a crwn jewel in chemistry, her wrk has had remarkable real-wrld impact. The research achievements have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancermedicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.”
“They call and I’m nt even awake ... have hundreds f vicemails. This is hw it’s ging t be all day. This is crazy,” she said. Pausing between interviews abut tw hurs later t check her messages, Bertzzi said, “My family is already bking their flights t Stckhlm. It’s amazing. G back t sleep!”
4．Why was a call made t Bertzzi at midnight?
A．T warn her f sme emergency.
B．T infrm her f winning the prize.
C．T make preparatins fr a meeting.
D．T cllect things t visit her relatives.
5．What des Bertzzi’s lab use the new methds t d?
A．Develp a new drug fr cancer.B．Prduce mre nutritius sugars.
C．Separate bilgy frm chemistry.D．Find cures fr infectius diseases.
6．What des the underlined part “a crwn jewel” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The king’s treasure.B．The universal fcus.
C．The mst cmplex part.D．The mst valuable breakthrugh.
7．What kind f persn is Bertzzi?
A．Curageus and quiet.B．Creative and generus.
C．Wild and hard-wrking.D．Pineering and humrus.
C
Daniel Brush, an astnishing wrker in gld, jewels and steel died n Nvember 2022, aged 75. Students frm a jewellery schl nce came t Brush’s studi, a lft in mid-Manhattan, awed t be meeting a figure wh, t them, was a wrker f miracles.
Fr 45 years in that lft, he had pursued his calling. His wife Olivia was the nly cmpany. He prduced hundreds f bjects f all srts, mst f them exquisite and many astnishingly small. Rather than use electricity, he labured alne in a frest f antique machines and when tls frustrated him he made his wn, displaying them in cupbards as art in themselves.
Abve all else, he wrked in gld. His bsessin tk fire when at 13 he saw an Etruscan gld bwl in the Victria and Albert Museum. The ancient technique f applying gld beads as fine as sand-grains t a curved gld surface withut slder (焊接), was stunning, but s was the lightness f spirit.
He reslved then that he wuld make such a bwl, and gld became the study f his life. Simply t watch it melt, turn t red-ht and white-ht, then glw purple, was magical. T hld pure gld grain and let it mve slwly thrugh his fingers restred his calm f spirit. His chief mtivatin, he said, was t understand the material and, thrugh that, himself. He wndered why his heart had beaten s fast in the museum that day. Gld in particular had a message fr him. His cntact with this glrius metal might fcus all his attentin and help him t hear it.
He develped delicate craftsmanship, with each bject virtually a museum piece. Fr Daniel Brush, he lved the idea that ne might take a piece made by Brush ut f a pcket, let its beauty pass frm mind t mind, and smile. That t was what its maker was after.
8．What can we learn abut Daniel Brush?
A．Students visited him regularly.
B．He began t live in his lft in 1975.
C．He tended t use ancient crafts t prduce bjects.
D．Mst bjects he prduced were f a surprisingly small size.
9．What is the main reasn fr his lifelng study f gld?
A．He wanted t learn mre abut bth gld and himself.
B．He wndered why his heart had beat fast in the museum.
C．His calm was restred when gld grain mved thrugh fingers.
D．Gld had a particular message fr him and he was eager t hear it.
10．Which f the fllwing can best describe Daniel Brush?
A．Stubbrn.B．Wealthy.C．Dedicated.D．Lnely.
11．What des the authr try t emphasize in the last paragraph?
A．Brush’s valuable wrks.B．The admirers Brush expected.
C．Brush’s desire fr fame.D．The artistic ideal Brush pursued.
D
The Mattel ty cmpany created a new Barbie dll with the famus British scientist Jane Gdall as its mdel. The cmpany issued the new dll this week, the latest member f the Barbie tymaker’s “Inspiring Wmen”. Mattel said the dll, made frm used plastic, hnred Gdall’s deep research n chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her effrts t prtect the wild animals.
The dll was dressed in a light brwn shirt and shrts, much like that seen in many images f Gdall at wrk in Africa. It als came with a ntebk, telescpes and anther dll mdeled n the real chimp Gdall named David Greybeard. He was the first chimpanzee with which she built trust in Tanzania’s Gmbe Stream Natinal Park. The relatinship permitted her t study the animals extremely clsely. “I wanted a dll t be me even befre this idea came up,” the 88- year-ld scientist said. She praised Mattel fr develping new Barbies standing fr a wider number f wrking wmen.
Lisa McKnight agreed. She is the Executive Vice President and Glbal Head f Barbie and Dlls fr Mattel. She said, “We hpe that this cllectin inspires kids t learn mre abut green careers and hw they can prtect the planet, and act ut stries abut envirnmental prtectin thrugh dll play.”
Gdall started her research in what is nw Tanzania in the 1960s. She prduced much research n wild chimpanzees ver the years. She recrded hw they made and used tls, lived in cmmunities, and shwed a high level f emtinal understanding.
Gdall wanted t teach children that if they wanted t have a gd effect n the changing envirnment, they must act. Gdall said, “Hpe is abut actin n climate change, lss f wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pllutin. We reach ut t thers because there are peple wrking n each ne f these prblems…”
12．What d we knw abut the dll mdeled n Gdall?
A．It was created by Gdall.
B．It lked like a chimpanzee.
C．It was in hnur f Gdall.
D．It was named David Greybeard.
13．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The habits f chimpanzees.
B．Gdall’s career experiences.
C．The imprtance f studying wild animals.
D．The bad living cnditins f chimpanzees.
14．What did Gdall call n children t d in the last paragraph?
A．Keep healthy.
B．Raise questins.
C．Adapt t the envirnment.
D．Prtect the natural envirnment.
15．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Jane Gdall Gets Her Own Dll
B．A New Dll Is Abut t G n Sale
C．Wmen Shuld Have Green Careers
D．Envirnmentally Friendly Actin Is a Must
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Albert Einstein was brn in Ulm, Germany n 14 March, 1879. 16 Einstein was s smart that at age 16 he wrte his first paper. Hwever, Einstein did badly at schl. 17 He ended up at cllege in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult t get a jb after cllege, but a friend fund him wrk finally.
Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) fur scientific papers! 18 One f the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different frms f the same thing. This was explained by his famus equatin E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a prfessr at the University f Zurich. He cntinued imprving his wrk, and in 1915 he published his thery f general relativity (广义相对论) .
In 1919, ne f Albert’s theries was prved, making him the mst famus scientist alive! 19 His wrk changed the way we think abut time and space, and als helped with develpments like the televisin.
20 And in 1933, Albert decided t stay in the USA frever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s wrk with atms (原子) led t the inventin f the atmic bmb. Albert spent the rest f his life taking part in activities fr wrld peace. He died in 1955.
A．Albert spent lts f time in America.
B．Einstein lved t use his imaginatin.
C．His wrk turned mdern physics n its head.
D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disrganized.
E．As a child, he enjyed slving math prblems.
F．And he wn the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics.
G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible 21 peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in. Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascani Sbrer, the inventr f nitrglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 22 f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a 23 explsive (爆炸物). After years f 24 , in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives. He 25 his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.
When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper 26 published Alfred’s bituary (讣告). Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was 27 t find ut his public image. Then newspaper strngly 28 Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became 29 by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.”
T Alfred, this bituary was a(n) 30 . He spent his lifetime alne 31 things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered. This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will. s as t 32 his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last 33 , saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great 34 t mankind in physics, chemistry,physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace. T widespread astnishment, Dr. Alfred Nbel 35 94% f his ttal wealth t fund the five Nbel Prizes.
21．A．.rememberingB．hnuringC．creditingD．negating
22．A．natureB．.cnductC．flavurD．benefit
23．A．deadlyB．bitterC．usable.D．mild
24．A．innvatinsB．effrtsC．hesitatinD．assciatin
25．A．brught upB．put upC．brke upD．built up
26．A．mistakenlyB．purpsefullyC．unintentinallyD．scientifically
27．A．satisfiedB．relievedC．impressedD．disappinted
28．A．praisedB．blamedC．appreciatedD．favured
29．A．greedyB．essentialC．richD．sufficient
30．A．errrB．warningC．threatD．cnsequence
31．A．destryingB．inventingC．cmbiningD．stimulating
32．A．imprveB．establishC．illustrateD．secure
33．A．requestB．illustratinC．willD．frtune
34．A．chicesB．decisinsC．prfitsD．cntributins
35．A．gave awayB．gave backC．gave ffD．gave ut
第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu Yuyu is universally acknwledged as a scientist f great 36 (achieve). Brn in Ningb, China, n 30 December 1930, Tu Yuyu graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955. In 1967, she was chsen int a research team 37 was frmed by the gvernment with the aim f discvering a new treatment 38 malaria and tw years later she became the head f the prject in Beijing. She and her teammates examined ver 2,000 ld medical texts, 39 (evaluate) 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that shwed prmise in the fight against malaria. As a 40 (cmmit) and patient scientist, she never acknwledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing t draw ut useful extract by 41 (bil)the sweet wrmwd, she began even 42 (careful) thinking and research wrk. She drew 43 cnclusin that biling the sweet wrmwd destryed 44 (it) medical prperties. S she used a lwer temperature 45 (draw) ut the extract and finally she succeeded.
第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46．假定你是李华，你校英语报正在举办“The scientist I admire mst”征文活动。请你用英语写一篇文章投稿，内容包括：
1.概述我最敬佩的科学家
2.他/她的杰出事迹
3.我敬佩他/她的理由及他/她对我的影响
注意：1.词数不少于80字；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
The scientist I admire mst
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文，续写的词数应为150左右。
Desiree, a 4-year-ld girl, was sbbing quietly ver her father, Ken, wh had died nine mnths earlier. She was hugging a phtgraph f her father with her fingers running arund his face. “Daddy”, she said sftly, “Why wn't yu cme back?”
Instead f gradually adjusting t her father's death, Desiree refused t accept it “Daddy will be hme sn,” she'd tell her mther. “He's at wrk.” When she played with her ty telephne, she pretended she was chatting with her father “I miss yu, Daddy,” she'd say. “When will yu cme back?” Desiree's situatin made her mther wrried.
Days later, it was Ken's birthday. “Hw will I send him a card?” Desiree asked her mther “Hw abut if we tie a litter t a balln.” her mther said, “and send it up t heaven?” Desiree's eyes immediately lit up.
Her mther tk her t a stre and Desiree picked ut a balln with HAPPY BIRTHDAY abve a drawing f The Little Mermaid (美人鱼). Desire and her father had ften watched it.
The child's eyes shne as they were n the way t Ken's grave. Then Desiree dictated (口述) a letter t her Dad. “Daddy, Happy birthday, I lve yu and miss yu,” she rattled ff (快速说). “I hpe yu get this and can write t me n my birthday in January.”
Her mther wrte the message and their address n a small piece f paper, which was then wrapped in plastic and tied t the end f the string n the balln. Finally, Desiree let fly the balln. Fr almst an hur, they watched the shining spt f silver grw smaller and smaller till disappear. “Nw Dad's ging t write back t me,” Desiree said cnfidently.
Every day since they'd flew the balln, Desiree had asked her mther, “D yu think Daddy has my balln yet?” Several weeks passed, and she stpped asking.
Paragraph 1
One day, 3,000 miles away, Wade was n a duck hunt when suddenly smething in the bush caught his eyes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
Desire's fifth birthday came and later n the afternn, a package arrived.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、Jhn F. Clauser和Antn Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carlyn R. Bertzzi、来自丹麦的Mrten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。
4．B 5．A 6．D 7．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。凌晨Bertzzi接到电话被告知获得了诺贝尔奖，文中介绍了她研究的内容，斯坦福大学校长对她的评价以及她接受采访时的情景。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“At 1:43 a. m, Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh, revealing the mmentus news, tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.”(凌晨1点43分，Bertzzi被一位诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，这位代表透露了这一重大消息，告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间来振作起来，等待你的生活改变。”)”可知，这个电话通知Bertzzi获奖了。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bertzzi’s lab has been using the new methds t answer… and t create a new medicine that can better target tumrs (肿瘤).(Bertzzi的实验室一直在使用新的方法来回答……并创造一种可以更好地靶向肿瘤的新药)”可知，Bertzzi的实验室运用这些新方法来开发一种治疗癌症的新药。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“The research achievements have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancermedicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.(研究成果已用于研究细胞如何构建蛋白质和其他分子，开发新的抗癌药物，生产新的储能材料，以及其他许多应用)” 可推知，她的发现非常有价值。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“作为化学界最有价值的成就，她的工作在现实世界中产生了显著的影响”，即a crwn jewel意为“重要或最有价值的东西”。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Bertzzi was recgnized fr funding the field f birthgnal chemistry(生物正交化学)(Bertzzi因创立生物正交化学领域而受到认可)”和第四段的“In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Bertzzi invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses(在生物正交化学领域的开拓中，Bertzzi发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法)”推知，Bertzzi是有开拓性的。根据最后一段的“My family is already bking their flights t Stckhlm. It’s amazing. G back t sleep!(我的家人已经在预订飞往斯德哥尔摩的航班。太棒了。回去睡觉吧！)”推知，Bertzzi是幽默的。综上，故选D项。
8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Daniel Brush是一位创造奇迹的人，使用古老的工艺来制作物品，他终生研究黄金，一生追求艺术理想。
8．推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“The ancient technique f applying gld beads as fine as sand-grains t a curved gld surface withut slder (焊接), was stunning, but s was the lightness f spirit.(在没有焊料的弯曲金表面上涂上细如沙粒的金珠的古老技术令人惊叹，但精神的轻盈也是如此。)”可知Daniel Brush倾向于使用古老的工艺来制作物品，故选C。
9．细节理解题。文章第四段讲到“His chief mtivatin, he said, was t understand the material and, thrugh that, himself. He wndered why his heart had beaten s fast in the museum that day. Gld in particular had a message fr him. His cntact with this glrius metal might fcus all his attentin and help him t hear it.(他说，他的主要动机是了解材料，并通过这些了解自己。他想知道为什么那天他的心脏在博物馆里跳动得如此之快。黄金特别向他传达了一个信息。他与这种光荣金属的接触可能会集中他的所有注意力，帮助他听到它。)”可知他终生研究黄金的主要原因是他想了解更多关于黄金和自己的知识，故选A。
10．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Fr 45 years in that lft, he had pursued his calling (在那间阁楼里45年来，他一直在追寻自己的使命)”以及整篇文章描述他对黄金的研究和投入，可知Daniel Brush非常投入和专注，故选C。
11．细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Fr Daniel Brush, he lved the idea that ne might take a piece made by Brush ut f a pcket, let its beauty pass frm mind t mind, and smile. That t was what its maker was after. (对于Daniel Brush来说，他喜欢这样的想法：人们可以从口袋里拿出一件Brush制作的作品，让它的美从脑海中传递到脑海中，然后微笑。这也是它的制造者所追求的。)”可知作者在最后一段中强调的是Brush追求的艺术理想，故选D。
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型，制造了一款新的芭比娃娃。并介绍Jane Gdall的工作经历及其对社会的贡献。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mattel said the dll, made frm used plastic, hnred Gdall’s deep research n chimpanzees (黑猩猩) in Tanzania and her effrts t prtect the wild animals. (Mattel说，这个娃娃由废旧塑料制成，因Gdall对坦桑尼亚黑猩猩的深入研究以及她为了保护野生动物所做的努力而对Gdall表示敬意。)”可知，这个芭比娃娃是为了向Jane Gdall表示敬意。故选C。
13．主旨大意题。根据第四段“She prduced much research n wild chimpanzees ver the years. She recrded hw they made and used tls, lived in cmmunities, and shwed a high level f emtinal understanding. (多年来，她对野生黑猩猩进行了大量研究。她记录了他们如何制作和使用工具，在群落中生活，并表现出高度的情感理解。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了Gdall的研究及工作经历。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gdall wanted t teach children that if they wanted t have a gd effect n the changing envirnment, they must act. Gdall said, “Hpe is abut actin n climate change, lss f wildlife, unfriendly lifestyles and pllutin. (Gdall想告诉孩子们，如果他们想对不断变化的环境产生积极的影响，他们必须采取行动。Gdall说：“希望是关于应对气候变化，野生动物的灭绝，不友好的生活方式和污染的行动。)”可知，Jane Gdall号召孩子们行动起来保护自然环境。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Mattel ty cmpany created a new Barbie dll with the famus British scientist Jane Gdall as its mdel. The cmpany issued the new dll this week, the latest member f the Barbie tymaker’s “Inspiring Wmen”. (Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型，制造了一个新的芭比娃娃。该公司本周发布了新娃娃，这是芭比玩具制造商“鼓舞人心的女性”的最新成员。)”可知，文章介绍了一款新的芭比娃娃，它是由Mattel玩具公司以英国著名科学家Jane Gdall为模型制造的，使Jane Gdall拥有了自己的芭比娃娃。故推知文章标题应为Jane Gdall Gets Her Own Dll，故选A。
16．E 17．G 18．C 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。
16．上文“Albert Einstein was brn in Ulm, Germany n 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was s smart that at age 16 he wrte his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjyed slving math prblems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。
17．由上文“Hwever, Einstein did badly at schl. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at cllege in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult t get a jb after cllege, but a friend fund him wrk finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at schl”相呼应。故选G。
18．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) fur scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His wrk turned mdern physics n its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。
19．上文“In 1919, ne f Albert’s theries was prved, making him the mst famus scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His wrk changed the way we think abut time and space, and als helped with develpments like the televisin.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he wn the 1921 Nbel Prize fr Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“ne f Albert’s theries was prved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。
20．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided t stay in the USA frever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lts f time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lts f time in America”与下文“decided t stay in the USA frever”相呼应。故选A。
21．B 22．A 23．C 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．B 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，却因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献了出去成立了诺贝尔奖用来奖励在物理、化学、医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰了世界各地在不同领域取得的杰出成就的人们。A. remembering记得；B. hnuring尊敬、表彰；C. crediting相信；D. negating否认。根据最后一段“In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last ___13___, saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔奖是用来表彰这些杰出的人。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. nature自然、性质；B. cnduct行为、举动；C. flavur味道；D. benefit利益。根据空后的“explding under pressure r heat”可知，这是硝酸甘油的性质。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不规则性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A. deadly致命的；B. bitter苦涩的；C. usable可用的；D. mild温和的。根据下文的“in1867, the age f 34, Nbel invented dynamite (炸药), which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.”可知，诺贝尔想发明一种可使用的炸药。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的炸药。A. innvatins创新；B. effrts努力；C. hesitatin犹豫；D. assciatin协会。根据上文“Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a ___3___ explsive (爆炸物).”可知，诺贝尔是开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。所以他是在为制造炸药而努力。故选B。
25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中炸药是最重要的。A. brught up抚养长大；B. put up张贴、提供食宿；C. brke up结束、关系破裂；D. built up建立、积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。
26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1888年阿尔弗雷德的弟弟路德维希去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德的讣告。A. mistakenly错误地；B. purpsefully故意地；C. unintentinally无意地；D. scientifically科学地。根据上文“When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888”可知，是诺贝尔的弟弟过世而不是诺贝尔过世，所以报纸是刊登错了。故选A。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A. satisfied满意的；B. relieved宽慰的；C. impressed有印象的；D. disappinted失望的。通过下文“Then newspaper strngly ___8___ Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became ___9___ by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.””可知，媒体对诺贝尔的评价很糟糕，所以诺贝尔读着自己的讣告时，是感到失望。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. praised表扬；B. blamed责备；C. appreciated欣赏、感激；D. favured偏爱。根据下文“giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death””可知，报纸是谴责诺贝尔的发明。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时的报纸对发明炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说:“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A. greedy贪婪的；B. essential必要的；C. rich富裕的；D. sufficient充分的。根据上文“He ___5___ his wealth frm his 355 inventins, amng which dynamite was the mst imprtant.”可知，诺贝尔通过发明炸药而变得富有。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对阿尔弗雷德来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A. errr错误；B. warning警告；C. threat威胁；D. cnsequence结果 。根据下文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，诺贝尔很关心自己的公众形象，所以对他而言这次讣告是个警告。故选B。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一生都在独自发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A. destrying破坏；B. inventing发明；C. cmbining结合；D. stimulating刺激。根据上文“During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives.”可知，他一生都在发明东西。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱。以改善他的公众形象，并因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A. imprve提升；B. establish建立；C. illustrate说明；D. secure安全的。根据上文“He spent his lifetime alne ___11___ things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered.”可知，他很在意自己的形象，所以当他看到报纸对他的指责时，他想做的是提升自己的公众形象。故选A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. request请求；B. illustratin说明、阐述；C. will意志、遗嘱；D. frtune命运、财富。根据下文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，他在去世前一年应该是立了遗嘱。故选C。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A. chices选择；B. decisins决定；C. prfits利润；D. cntributins贡献。根据第一段“The Nbel Prize is cnsidered ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible ___1___ peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.”可知，表彰的是那些有突出贡献的人。故选D。
35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A. gave away赠送、背叛；B. gave back归还；C. gave ff散发；D. gave ut分发、公布。根据上文“saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great ___14___ t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace.”可知，诺贝尔捐赠了大多数财产。故选A。
36．achievement 37．that/which 38．fr 39．evaluated 40．cmmitted 41．biling 42．mre careful 43．a 44．its 45．t draw
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伟大科学家屠呦呦的经历和所取得的成就。
36．考查名词。句意：屠呦呦被公认为一位成就斐然的科学家。分析句式结构可知，f 后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质。故填achievement。
37．考查定语从句。句意：1967年，她被选入一个由政府组织的研究小组，该小组旨在发现一种治疗疟疾的新方法。两年后，她成为北京该项目的负责人。分析句式结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，因为从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故填that或which。
38．考查介词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用介词fr构成固定搭配，a new treatment fr malaria 意为“一种治疗疟疾的新疗法”。故填fr。
39．考查动词时态。句意：她和她的队友研究了2000多份古老的医学文献，评估了28万种植物的药用特性，并测试了380种不同的中国古代医学方法，这些方法在对抗疟疾方面表现出了希望。分析句式结构可知，设空处和句中的examined、tested作并列谓语，应用一般过去时。故填evaluated。
40．考查形容词。句意：作为一名有献身精神和耐心的科学家，她遇到任何困难都不承认失败。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词cmmitted意为“尽心尽力的”，和patient一起作scientist的定语。故填cmmitted。
41．考查非谓语动词。句意：在煮沸艾草无法提取出有用的提取物后，她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作。分析句意可知，by ding sth.意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。故填biling。
42．考查形容词的比较级。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指她开始了更加仔细的思考和研究工作，含有比较的意思，且前面有even修饰。故填mre careful。
43．考查冠词。句意：她得出结论，煮沸青蒿会破坏其药用价值。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词a构成固定搭配draw a cnclusin that...表示“得出一个……的结论”。故填a。
44．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处指破坏了它的药用性能，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以她用较低的温度提取出了提取物，最后她成功了。分析句意可知，此处用动词不定式构成固定搭配use sth. t d sth.表示“使用某物做某事”。故填t draw。
46．The scientist I admire mst
Fr this tpic, different peple may have different ideas. Amng all the scientists, I admire Yuan Lngping mst, wh is the persn with willingness t serve the cuntry.
In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn. As a tp scientist in the wrld, Mr. Yuan lived a very simple life, but his cntributins were invaluable t the field f science and agriculture. Withut him and his team, there wuld still be millins f peple having t face the threat f hunger. He devted his whle life t his cuntry and peple, and even t the wrld.
S we shuld learn frm Mr. Yuan. Lve ur cuntry and serve ur peple.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写题为“我最敬佩的科学家”的短文投稿，参加征文活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
想法：idea→view
不同的：different→varius
优秀的：excellent→ utstanding
献身于：devte neself t→be cmmitted t
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn
拓展句：In my pinin, Yuan Lngping is an excellent persn that deserves everyne's admiratin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Amng all the scientists, I admire Yuan Lngping mst, wh is the persn with willingness t serve the cuntry with heart and sul.（运用了wh引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Withut him and his team, there wuld still be millins f peple having t face the threat f hunger. （运用了虚拟语气）
47．Paragraph 1
One day, 3, 000 miles away, Wade was n a duck hunt when suddenly smething in the bush caught his eye. Curius, he apprached t find a silver balln, with a piece f paper at the end f the string, wrapped in plastic. Taking it hme, Wade read the tuching lines t his wife Dnna. She was deeply mved. With tears in her eyes, Dnna decided t help Desiree. The cuple went t buy a birthday card and a bk f The Little Mermaid, and then she began t write a letter t Desiree.
Paragraph 2
Desiree’s fifth birthday came and later n the afternn, a package arrived. Lking at the unfamiliar return address, Desiree’s mther was cnfused. Suddenly an idea struck her: the balln! She pened the parcel and fund a card with “Fr a Dear Daughter”. Her heart raced. She rushed t Desiree’s rm and shwed her the letter. “It’s frm Daddy!” Desiree jumped with jy, asking her mther t read it fr her. “Happy birthday, my little angel!” Her mther began. A big tear began t trickle dwn Desiree’s cheek.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，4岁的小女孩Desiree 9个月前失去了父亲，她没有适应父亲的去世，认为父亲在工作，在父亲生日那天，她想给父亲寄卡片，母亲带她去商店买了气球，写了一封信绑在气球上，自从放飞了气球，她每天都问妈妈爸爸收到了没，直到几个星期后她不问了。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一天，3000英里外，韦德正在猎鸭子，突然灌木丛中有什么东西引起了他的注意。本段应该写韦德出于好奇去查看，发现了这个银色气球和上面的信，他把信带回家，他的妻子看了信的内容，深受感动，决定帮助Desiree，回信给Desiree。第二段开头是：Desiree的五岁生日到了，下午晚些时候，一个包裹送来了。本段应该写Desiree的妈妈拿着包裹，立马想到了这个包裹可能与气球有关，打开包裹后，发现是给女儿Desiree的，她立马给女儿看，Desiree看了信后，非常开心和感动。
注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右，按要求完成写作任务。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：at the end f，decide t d sth.，rush t，trickle dwn等高级词汇；Taking it hme和Lking at the unfamiliar return address非谓语动词短语，with a piece f paper at the end f the string和With tears in her eyes是with复合结构等高级句式。
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