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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement优秀随堂练习题
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement优秀随堂练习题，共20页。
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew f her mther’s thught abut keeping the creative side f her frm germinating (萌芽) hwever, as Ada herself is knwn t have said, “If yu can’t give me petry at least give me petical science.” Ada married at 19, t William King wh was made Earl f Lvelace in 1838, at which pint she became Lady Ada King, the Cuntess f Lvelace, but was knwn as Ada Lvelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encuraging his wife’s lve fr numbers.
During her yuth Ada was intrduced t the Sct, Mary Smerville, wh was knwn as the “Queen f 19th Century Science” and was the first wman t be accepted int the Ryal Astrnmical Sciety. It was thrugh Mary Smerville that Ada first heard f Charles Babbage’s idea fr a new calculating (计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a perid f letter-writing with him that wuld cme t decide her prfessinal life.
Ada met Babbage when she was arund 17 and the tw became clse friends. Babbage was wrking n an “Analytical Engine”, smething he was designing t deal with cmplex ( 复杂的) calculatins. Ada was later asked t translate an article. She nt nly translated the article but added pages and pages f ntes, calculatins and innvatins (创新). Her ntes were published in 1843 and it turned ut that what she had written was s riginal, it is nw seen as the first cmprehensive cmment n what wuld becme mdern-day cmputer prgramming. Althugh impressive, Ada was nt actually given credit fr the article until 1848.
1．What happened t Ada in her childhd?
A．She was pushed t learn scientific knwledge.
B．She had t cmpare herself with ther wmen.
C．She gave up learning because f her father’s nature.
D．She had n father any mre.
2．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Ada thught petry was bring.
B．Ada thught science was creative.
C．Ada was interested in bth science and petry.
D．Ada believed petry was harder than science.
3．What decided Ada’s prfessinal life?
A．Ada was intrduced t the Sct, Mary Smerville.
B．Smerville’s suggestins.
C．Her husband’s encuragement.
D．Her cmmunicatin with Babbage.
4．What did Ada d after she met Babbage?
A．She taught peple hw t prgram.
B．She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C．She translated an article and develped it.
D．She praised Babbage’s achievements.
（2023春·宁夏石嘴山·高二平罗中学校考期中）It is that time f the year, when a handful f wrld’s leading schlars, scial activists and researchers are rewarded with what is ften cited as the mst prestigius acknwledgement f human effrt-the Nbel Prize. Here’s a lk at wh has wn the prize and fr what.
Physilgy r Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peab wn the first Nbel f the year, fr starting the field f ancient DNA studies. He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.
Physics
Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022. Althugh Aspect is frm France, Clauser frm the U.S, and Zeilinger frm Austria, the three separately perfrmed “grundbreaking experiments” as ne team. “Their results have cleared the way fr new technlgy,” the cmmittee stated.
Chemistry
The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. Dr. Bertzzi is the eighth wman chemist t be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist t be awarded tw Nbel Prizes.
Ecnmics
The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday. By studying the histry f American ecnmics, particularly the Great Depressin f the 1930s,they imprved hw we understand the rle f banks during times f hardship and the bank’s impact n scietal functins.
5．What prize is related t the research with bnes?
A．Physilgy.B．Chemistry.C．Physics.D．Ecnmics.
6．Fr what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?
A．Abut scietal functins.B．Abut the histry f America.
C．Abut banks and financial crises.D．Abut the Great Depressin f the 1930s.
7．What d the prizes fr physics, chemistry and ecnmics have in cmmn?
A．Their winners are frm different cuntries.B．They have three winners.
C．They imprve new technlgy.D．They help peple understand hardship.
（2023秋·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末）Gerge Shull was brn in 1874 n a farm in Clark Cunty, Obi, and his knwledge f plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed n the farm, Shull received his early frmal educatin ff and n. Hwever, it was supplemented (增补) by intense hme study s that by 1892. he was teaching in a public schl, and later attending Antich Cllege.
In 1901, he graduated frm Antich and went t the University f Chicag t d graduate wrk. With his knwledge f btany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appinted as a btanical assistant at the U. S. Natinal Herbarium. He als wrked at the U. S. Bureau f Plant Industry as a btanical expert examining the plants and animals f Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sund. The data he cllected during this time was t cmprise his Ph. D．thesis (论文). And in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk at the Statin fr Experimental Evlutin.
He began wrking n crn in 1905. Fllwing Gregr Mendel’s example, Shull btained purebred (纯种的) lines f crn thrugh self-pllinatin (自花受粉). The pure-bred lines were less healthy and prductive, but when he crssed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any f the parents r thse pllinated in the pen fields. He immediately recgnized the ptential fr using this strategy t imprve crp yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a prfessrship at Princetn University. With his encuragement, Princetn University Press began the publicatin f a new jurnal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editr fr ten years. Genetics is still ne f the tp internatinal science jurnals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent mst f their later years with their children and grandchildren.
8．What des the underlined part “ff and n” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Nt surprisingly.B．Very frmally.C．Very excellently.D．Nt regularly.
9．What’s paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Gerge Shull’s cntributins.B．Gerge Shull’s research
C．Gerge Shull’s wrk experience.D．Gerge Shull’s educatin.
10．What was s special abut Shull’s methd f crn breeding?
A．It cmpletely relied n self-pllinatin.B．It was first published in Genetics.
C．It was widely accepted in Ohi.D．It fcused n crssing pure-bred lines.
11．Hw des the authr mainly develp the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By fllwing time rder.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By presenting a scientific study.
（2022秋·贵州黔东南·高二凯里一中校考期中）In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible.
“Abut 80 percent f the watermelns and sweet-melns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f painful effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years,” said Zhang Wenjun, a clleague f Wu’s.
Helping thers had lng been a dream f hers. And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns , which began paying ff in 1973. She is ne f the 8,000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育)mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ffseasn breeding.
Using innvative measures such as radiatin mutatin breeding, duble haplid breeding and distant hybridizatin breeding, Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm(种质)resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜)varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance, said Yi Hngping, frmer directr f the Xinjiang Muskmeln Research Center.
The new meln varieties have been prmted t mre than 1.86 millin hectares f fields frm nrth t suth. Sme f these varieties have been prmted verseas, as far as Califrnia. Wu’s wrk has left her a number f hnrs. The “queen f melns” became an academician with the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004.
12．Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want t grw high-end melns?
A．Because she wanted t make China the largest prducer f melns.
B．Because China is the largest cnsumer f melns in the wrld.
C．Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.
D．Because Chinese gvernment asked her t grw high quality melns.
13．What can we learn abut frm Paragraph 4?
A．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd resist every disease.
B．Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces.
C．Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermeln varieties frm radiatin mutatin breeding.
D．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd adapt t any circumstance.
14．Which f the fllwing abut Wu Mingzhu is nt true frm the text?
A．She has cultivated mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties.
B．She is cmmitted t her wrk and makes remarkable achievements.
C．She helps make China the largest prducer f fruit in the wrld in 2018.
D．She is awarded a number f hnrary titles due t her cntributins.
15．What type is the text?
A．A diary entry.B．A bk review.
C．A physicist’s stry.D．A news reprt.
（2023秋·海南·高二嘉积中学校考期末）Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. William G. Kaelin, Jr. f the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe f Oxfrd University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza f Jhns Hpkins University were jintly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses,” Randall Jhnsn, a member f the Nbel Assembly at Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said. “The three physicians fund the mlecular switch(分子开关)that regulates hw ur cells adapt when xygen levels drp.”
“Cells and tissues are cnstantly experiencing changes in xygen availability,” Jhnsn said. “As an embry(胚胎) grws and develps, and as muscles wrk, the xygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way t adjust t the amunt f xygen they have, while still ding their imprtant jbs.”
The cmmittee said that the discveries are vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.
Kaelin was brn in New Yrk and received an M. D．frm Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and nclgy at Jhns Hpkins, Baltimre, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bstn.
Ratcliffe was brn in Lancashire, the United Kingdm, and studied medicine at Gnville and Caius Cllege at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrlgy at Oxfrd. He is the directr f clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in Lndn and a member f the Ludwig Institute fr Cancer Research.
Semenza was brn in New Yrk. He btained a B．A．in bilgy frm Harvard and his M. D．frm the University f Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the directr f the Vascular Research Prgram at the Jhns Hpkins Institute fr Cell Engineering.
16．What can we knw abut the three scientists?
A．They studied different fields.
B．They shared ne prize.
C．They researched heart disease.
D．They fund the functin f embrys.
17．What did Jhnsn think f the discveries?
A．Imprtant.B．Meaningless.
C．Interesting.D．Disappinting.
18．What des the underlined wrd “explit” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Develp.B．Handle.C．Stress.D．Fllw.
19．What d the last three paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A．The three scientists’ achievements.
B．The influence f the discveries.
C．The example set by the three scientists.
D．The intrductin f the three scientists.
（2022秋·重庆万州·高二重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）As the frmer great emplyee f NASA, Katherine Jhnsn, whse life was described in the mvie Hidden Figures, died n February 24, 2020, aged 101.
“NASA is deeply saddened by the lss f a leader frm ur pineering days,” said NASA administratr Jim Bridenstine n the webpage f NASA．“Ms. Jhnsn helped ur natin push the bundaries f space and she als played an imprtant rle in pening drs fr wmen and peple f clr t explre space. At NASA we will never frget her curage and leadership and the achievements we culd nt have reached withut her.”
Jhnsn was brn in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated frm West Virginia State University with a majr in mathematics and became a teacher at a public schl. She was als the first African-American wman t attend graduate schl in mathematics at West Virginia University until she left schl t fcus n raising children.
Her life changed in 1952 after a lng career break. A relative tld her abut pen psitins at the all-black West Area Cmputing sectin at the Natinal Advisry Cmmittee fr Aernautics’s Langley labratry, and she began t wrk fr the aerspace (航空航天) industry at Langley the next year. NASA depended n humans fr cmplicated aerspace calculatin as there was n high-functining electrnic cmputer. Female mathematicians usually tk the jb as their salary was lwer. Jhnsn was ne f thse African-American human cmputers.
Jhnsn was initially in charge f aerspace analysis and then a space develpment missin when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she wrked fr the 1961 subrbital (亚轨道的) flight f astrnaut Alan Shepard. Jhnsn cntinued t sit fr missins after she retired in 1986. Her hidden achievements were finally publicized when Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal f Freedm in 2015 and her dramatic life was made int a mvie.
20．What did Bridenstine’s wrds in the secnd paragraph mainly want t tell us?
A．T shw NASA’s appreciatin fr Jhnsn’s leadership.
B．T shw Jhnsn’s cntributins t space explratin.
C．T express all Americans’ regret ver Jhnsn’s death.
D．T emphasize NASA’s achievements in space explratin.
21．Why did NASA depend n humans fr cmplex aerspace calculatin?
A．It was cheaper t hire humans.
B．NASA culdn’t affrd electrnic cmputers then.
C．The cmputers at that time weren’t advanced enugh.
D．Humans were mre accurate than cmputers in calculatin.
22．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Jhnsn used t wrk in a private schl.
B．Jhnsn wrked fr the aerspace industry fr at least thirty-three years.
C．Jhnsn starred in the mvie Hidden Figures.
D．Jhnsn was the first wman t attend graduate schl in the United States.
23．What is the pssible meaning f the underlined wrds?
A．cnnect with.B．invlve in
C．part withD．turn in
（2023·全国·高二专题练习）Gerty Cri, the first American wman t win the Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine, was brn Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age f sixteen t study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, frm which she graduated in 1914, and then went t the Medical Schl f the German University f Prague. While in medical schl, Gerty met Carl Cri, a classmate wh shared bth her lve f skiing and muntain climbing and her interest in labratry research. In 1920, the tw published the results f their first jint research, received their medical degrees, and married each ther.
Gerty’s first research psitin was as an assistant in the Karlinen Children’s Hspital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cri mved t the United States t jin the staff f the New Yrk State Institute fr the Study f Malignant Diseases in Buffal, New Yrk. Gerty Cri mved a few mnths later, starting as an assistant pathlgist ( 病理学家) at the Institute and later rising t an assistant bichemist. In 1928, the Cris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cri accepted the psitin f chairman f the Department f Pharmaclgy f the Washingtn University Schl f Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cri was hired as a research fellw. In the early 1940s the Cris mved t the Department f Bilgical Chemistry. Gerty Cri was made an assciate ( 副) prfessr f Research Bilgical Chemistry and Pharmaclgy in 1943. She was elevated t the rank ( 级别) f prfessr f Bilgical Chemistry in July 1947, the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nbel Prize fr their wrk n the metablism f glycgen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cri began shwing the signs f myelfibrsis, an unusual bld disease. She fught the disease fr ten years, refusing t give up her research until the last few mnths f her life. Gerty Cri died n Octber 26, 1957.
24．What can we learn abut Gerty’s husband?
A．He shared the same interests with Gerty.
B．He mved t the USA later than Gerty.
C．He married Gerty while in medical schl.
D．He studied pathlgy under the influence f Gerty.
25．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f the events in Gerty’s life?
a. She mved t the USA．
b. She wn the Nbel Prize.
c. She met her husband Carl.
d. She gt a jb in the WUSM.
e. She received her medical degree.
A．e, a, c, b, dB．c, e, a, d, b
C．e, c, a, d, bD．c, a, e, b, d
26．What des the underlined wrd “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Adapted.B．Defeated.C．Prmted.D．Cmmitted.
27．What can we infer abut Gerty frm the last paragraph?
A．She was satisfied with her later life.B．She was in pr health all her life.
C．She died f a cmmn disease.D．She was very mentally strng.
（2022春·陕西延安·高二校考期中）Lise Meitner was brn in Vienna, Austria n Nvember 7, 1878. She was the third child f eight children in the family. Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was imprtant t the family, and all the children learned t play the pian. The Meitner children were taught t listen t their parents, but t think fr themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria. But, inspired by the discvery f Henri Becquerel, she was determined t study radiactivity(放射性).
When she turned 21, wmen were finally allwed int Austrian universities. Meitner was admitted int the University f Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her dctr’s degree in 1906. She wrte t Marie Curie, but there was n rm fr her in the Paris lab, s Meitner made her way t Berlin. There she wrked with Ott Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.
In 1912, the pair mved t a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment. Thugh Meitner was frced t escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they cntinued t cwrk. Meitner cntinued her wrk in Sweden and later they fund the phenmenn “nuclear fissin(核裂变)”. The discvery, which finally led t the atmic bmb, wn Hahn the Nbel Prize in 1944. Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee, refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.
28．What can we learn abut Lise Meitner’s childhd?
A．She received a pr educatin.B．She ften went against her parents.
C．She did well in math.D．She lived a hard life with her family.
29．Why didn’t Lise Meitner g t cllege after finishing high schl?
A．She wasn’t interested in cllege.
B．Girls in Austria were nt permitted.
C．Her family culdn’t affrd the schl fees.
D．She wanted t study radiactivity by herself.
30．Which ne is true accrding t the text?
A．She shuld find a better partner than Ott Hahn.
B．She made the wrng cllege chice.
C．She shuld have kept her identity a secret.
D．She was unfairly treated when wrking in Berlin.
31．What was mst prbably Lise Meitner’s attitude tward the Nbel cmmittee?
A．Psitive.B．Unclear.
C．Angry.D．Pleased.
（2022秋·浙江·高二校联考开学考试）Stephen Hawking was a British scientist, prfessr and authr wh perfrmed grundbreaking wrk in physics and csmlgy(安全), and whse bks helped t make science accessible t everyne.
At the age f 21, Hawking first began t ntice prblems with his physical health while he was at Oxfrd—he wuld smetimes trip and fall—but he didn’t lk int the prblem until 1963. But when his father discvered the cnditin, he tk Hawking t see a dctr. Fr the next tw weeks, the 21-year-ld cllege student made his hme at a medical clinic.
Eventually, hwever, dctrs did diagnse(诊断) Hawking with the early stages f ASL(渐冻症). It was devastating news fr him and his family. Nt lng after he left hspital, Hawking had a dream that he was ging t realize. He said this dream made him aware that there were still things t d with his life.
In a sense, Hawking’s disease helped turn him int the nted scientist he became. Befre the diagnsis, Hawking hadn’t always fcused n his studies. “Befre my cnditin was diagnsed, I had been very bred with life,” he said. “There had nt seemed t be anything wrth ding.” With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D．, Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research. On March 14, 2018, Hawking finally died f ALS, the disease that was suppsed t have killed him mre than 50 years earlier. The news tuched many in his field and beynd. Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went ut in the csms. We have lst an amazing human being. Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.”
32．What made Hawking devted himself t his wrk and research?
A．His father’s guidance abut his Ph. D．B．His wn awareness abut his limited life.
C．His dctr’s advice n his physical health.D．His attempt t be a nted scientist.
33．What d we knw abut Hawking accrding t the passage?
A．His father first tk ntice f his health cnditin.
B．Hawking decided t realize his dream when yung.
C．Hawking is highly praised fr his cntributin t human.
D．Hawking fund all wrth ding befre he knew his illness.
34．What des the underlined wrd “tamed” mean in the last paragraph?
A．explred.B．balanced.C．imprved.D．rebuilt.
35．Hw did Lawrence Krauss feel abut Steven Hawking’s life?
A．Pitiful.B．Excited.C．Shcked.D．Impressed.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女科学家阿达·洛芙莱斯的主要事迹，展现了她对科学知识的热爱。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“T stp this frm happening, Ada was frced by her mther t learn science and mathematics which was unusual fr wmen at the time. (为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Ada’s mther and father (the famus pet Lrd Gerge Grdn Byrn) parted just weeks after she was brn. Her mther feared her grwing up with her father’s changeable nature. T stp this frm happening, Ada was frced by her mther t learn science and mathematics which was unusual fr wmen at the time.(艾达的母亲和父亲(著名诗人乔治·戈登·拜伦勋爵)在她出生几周后就分手了。她的母亲担心她在父亲喜怒无常的性格下长大。为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的父亲是英国诗人拜伦。她的父母分开之后，她的母亲不愿阿达继承拜伦身上感性、多变的特质，于是她强迫阿达学习数学和科学，并对她严格要求。对于母亲的想法，阿达了然于心。划线处与上文中的“keeping the creative side f her frm germinating(让她的创造力无法萌发)”为顺承关系，目的是为了引出阿达说的话“如果不让我学习诗歌，那么至少让我学习富有诗意的科学”。结合上文中提到的阿达对数学表现出了浓厚的兴趣，我们可以推断，阿达将 petry和science进行比较，说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a perid f letter-writing with him that wuld cme t decide her prfessinal life.(被这个想法吸引，阿达开始和他一起写信，后来决定了她的职业生涯。)”可知，阿达与查尔斯·巴贝奇针对科学知识展开的交流一定程度上决定了阿达以后的职业生涯。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She nt nly translated the article but added pages and pages f ntes, calculatins and innvatins (创新).(她不仅翻译了这篇文章，还添加了一页又一页的注释、计算和创新。)”可知，她不仅翻译了学术文章，并加注了很多自己原创的见解。故选C。
5．A 6．C 7．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、Jhn F. Clauser和Antn Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carlyn R. Bertzzi、来自丹麦的Mrten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名植物学家Gerge Shull的学习和工作经历以及重要成就。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed n the farm”(被农场需要)可知，Gerge Shull小时候需要做农活，所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以ff and n意为“断断续续地，时不时地”。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“With his knwledge f btany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appinted as a btanical assistant at the U. S. Natinal Herbarium.”(凭借他的植物学知识和农业实践经验，Shull通过了公务员考试，并被任命为美国国家植物标本馆的植物学助理。)和最后一句“And in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk at the Statin fr Experimental Evlutin.”(1904年，他被任命负责实验进化站的植物工作。)可知，第二段主要是讲Gerge Shull的工作经历。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The pure-bred lines were less healthy and prductive, but when he crssed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any f the parents r thse pllinated in the pen fields. He immediately recgnized the ptential fr using this strategy t imprve crp yields.”(纯种品种的健康和产量都较差，但当他杂交纯种品种时，杂交品种的产量比任何亲本或在开阔田野授粉的亲本都好。他立即意识到利用这种策略提高作物产量的潜力。)可知，Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注杂交纯种品种。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Gerge Shull was brn in 1874 n a farm in Clark Cunty, Obi, and his knwledge f plants and hybrids came at an early age.”(Gerge Shull在1874年出生于奥比奥州克拉克县的一个农场，他早年就对植物和杂交作物有了了解。)，第二段第一句“In 1901, he graduated frm Antich and went t the University f Chicag t d graduate wrk.”(1901年，他从安提阿大学毕业，到芝加哥大学攻读研究生学位。)，第三段第一句“He began wrking n crn in 1905.”(1905年，他开始研究玉米。)，第四段第一句“In 1915, Shull accepted a prfessrship at Princetn University.”(1915年，Shull接受了普林斯顿大学的教授职位。)和最后一段“Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent mst f their later years with their children and grandchildren.”(Shull于1942年退休。他和妻子晚年的大部分时间都是和儿孙们在一起度过的。)可知，这篇文章是按照时间顺序组织的。故选B。
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。该篇新闻报道了我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面上出现的各个西瓜品种的贡献。
12．细节理解题。根据第三自然段“And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns , which began paying ff in 1973.”（她认为生活中最美好的事情是你所创造的一切都能为人民服务，所以她努力种植优质甜瓜，并于1973年开始获得回报。）可知，吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出一些能给人们提供服务，这是她认为最美好的事情。C项“Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.”（因为她想创造一些能为人们服务的东西）符合原文表述，故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm（种质）resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln （香瓜）varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance”（吴和她的团队开发了新的种质资源，从中培育了30多个适应性更好、抗病性更强的西瓜和甜瓜品种）可知，吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过germ-plasm resurces培育出了超过30种拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和香瓜。B项“Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces”（吴和她的团队从新的种质资源中培育出高质量的甜瓜）符合原文表述，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。 根据第三自然段中“She is ne f the 8,000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated（培育）mre than 20,000 f China's new seed varieties thrugh ffseasn breeding.”（她是过去60年来每年从全国各地来到海南的8000名农业科学家之一，通过淡季育种培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。）可知，超过20,000种新型种子是由8000多个农业科学家培育出来的。A项“She has cultivated mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties.”（她培育了2万多个中国新种子品种）符合原文表述，故选A项。
15．推理判断题。浏览文章可知，文章主要介绍了“我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面上出现的各个西瓜品种的贡献”，所以推测，这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类的新闻报道类文章。D项“A news reprt.”（新闻报道。）符合推测，故选D项。
16．B 17．A 18．A 19．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。
16．细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine.”（三位研究细胞如何感知和适应氧气变化机制的科学家被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖，故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段首句““The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses,” Randall Jhnsn”（Randall Jhnsn说：“今年诺贝尔奖获得者的重大发现显示了生命最具适应性的过程”）可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选A项。
18．词义猜测题。根据第四段“The cmmittee said that the discveries are vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.”（委员会说这项发现对生理学至关重要，能够explit 新的策略来对抗贫血、癌症和其他疾病）可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develp“开发”符合，故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选D项。
20．B 21．C 22．B 23．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要缅怀了一位名为Katherine Jhnsn的非裔美国女性数学家，对其在美国航空航天事业中做出的巨大贡献表达敬意。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Ms. Jhnsn helped ur natin push the bundaries f space and she als played an imprtant rle in pening drs fr wmen and peple f clr t explre space. At NASA we will never frget her curage and leadership and the achievements we culd nt have reached withut her.’(“约翰逊帮助我们的国家打破了太空的界限，她还在为女性和有色人种打开探索太空的大门方面发挥了重要作用。在NASA，我们永远不会忘记她的勇气和领导力，以及没有她我们不可能取得的成就。”)”可知，Bridenstine的话是表明了Katherine Jhnsn在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就和贡献。故选B项。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段“NASA depended n humans fr cmplicated aerspace calculatin as there was n high-functining electrnic cmputer. (美国宇航局依靠人类进行复杂的航天计算，因为当时并没有功能强大的电子计算机。)”可知，NASA依靠人类进行复杂的航天计算是因为当时的计算机功能并不先进，无法进行复杂的计算。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“Her life changed in 1952 after a lng career break. (在经历了漫长的职业休业后，她的生活在1952年发生了改变。)和“and she began t wrk fr the aerspace (航空航天) industry at Langley the next year. (第二年，她开始在Langley的航空航天行业工作。)”和最后一段“Jhnsn cntinued t participate in missins after she retired in 1986. (约翰逊在1986年退休后继续参与任务)”可知，Katherine Jhnsn从1953年开始至1986年退休，至少 33年中为航空航天局工作。故选B项。
23．词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词前“Jhnsn was initially in charge f aerspace analysis and then a space develpment missin when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she wrked fr the 1961 subrbital (亚轨道的) flight f astrnaut Alan Shepard. (约翰逊最初负责航空航天分析，然后在1958年NASA成立时负责太空开发任务。然后，她为1961年宇航员艾伦·谢泼德的亚轨道飞行工作。)”可知，前面说到了约翰逊的太空开发任务以及“Jhnsn cntinued t sit fr missins after she retired in 1986.”可知，约翰逊在1986年退休后继续参加任务。近义词是invlve in参与。故选B项。
24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in medical schl, Gerty met Carl Cri, a classmate wh shared bth her lve f skiing and muntain climbing and her interest in labratry research.(在医学院读书期间，格蒂遇到了卡尔·科尼，两人都喜欢滑雪和登山，也都对实验室研究感兴趣。)”可知，格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
25．细节理解题。通读全文可知，格蒂在布拉格大学医学院读书时认识了后来的丈夫；两人于1920年获得医学学位；之后夫妇二人于1922年移民到美国；1931年格蒂和丈夫任职于华盛顿医学院；1947年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
26．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Gerty Cri was made an assciate ( 副) prfessr f Research Bilgical Chemistry and Pharmaclgy in 1943. She was elevated t the rank ( 级别) f prfessr f Bilgical Chemistry in July 1947.( Gerty Cri于1943年被任命为研究生物化学和药理学副教授。1947年7月，她被提升为生物化学教授。)”可知，1943年格蒂是副教授，1947年7月她是教授，由此可以推断划线词为“晋升，升职”的意思。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fught the disease fr ten years, refusing t give up her research until the last few mnths f her life. Gerty Cri died n Octber 26, 1957.(她与疾病抗争了十年，直到生命的最后几个月，她都拒绝放弃她的研究。格蒂于1957年10月26日去世。)”可知，即使与病魔做斗争，格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究事业，直到生命的尽头。由此可以推断，她有着十分顽强的生命力，对于科学一片热忱。故选D。
28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥地利女科学家Lise Meitner的生平以及对核物理学的贡献。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. (她的父亲菲利普是一名律师，雇了私人教师来教孩子们，她的数学学得很好。)”可知，关于Lise Meitner的童年，我们能了解到的是她数学学得很好。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria.(当莉丝·梅特纳14岁完成学业时，她无法进入本科接受高等教育，奥地利的所有女孩也是如此)”可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没有去上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不被允许上大学。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There she wrked with Ott Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.(在那里，她和奥托·哈恩一起工作，但作为一名奥地利犹太女性，她被排除在主要实验室之外，只能在地下室工作。)”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee, refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.(Meitner被诺贝尔委员会忽视了，她在战后拒绝返回德国，在斯德哥尔摩继续她的原子研究直到80多岁)”推知，Meitner对诺贝尔委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。故选C项。
32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。斯蒂芬 · 霍金是一位英国科学家、教授和作家，他在物理学和宇宙学方面进行了开创性的工作，文章主要讲述了霍金对人类的贡献。他的著作帮助每个人都了解科学。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D., Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，在霍金意识自己有限的生命的时候，他致力于工作和研究中。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We have lst an amazing human being. Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.””（我们失去了一个了不起的人。76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并探索宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）可知，霍金通过自己的研究工作，教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西——人类的意义。基于此他是一个了不起的人。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.””（76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并 tamed宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）和最后一段中“With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D., Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，76年来，霍金全身心地投入到自己的研究中，研究宇宙，探索宇宙。所以划线词此处的含义为“探索”，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went ut in the csms. We have lst an amazing human being. ”（劳伦斯 · 克劳斯在推特上写道：“一颗恒星刚刚消失在宇宙中，我们失去了一个了不起的人类。”）可推知，对于霍金的一生，劳伦斯认为其是了不起的。故选D。
Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew f her mther’s thught abut keeping the creative side f her frm germinating (萌芽) hwever, as Ada herself is knwn t have said, “If yu can’t give me petry at least give me petical science.” Ada married at 19, t William King wh was made Earl f Lvelace in 1838, at which pint she became Lady Ada King, the Cuntess f Lvelace, but was knwn as Ada Lvelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encuraging his wife’s lve fr numbers.
During her yuth Ada was intrduced t the Sct, Mary Smerville, wh was knwn as the “Queen f 19th Century Science” and was the first wman t be accepted int the Ryal Astrnmical Sciety. It was thrugh Mary Smerville that Ada first heard f Charles Babbage’s idea fr a new calculating (计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a perid f letter-writing with him that wuld cme t decide her prfessinal life.
Ada met Babbage when she was arund 17 and the tw became clse friends. Babbage was wrking n an “Analytical Engine”, smething he was designing t deal with cmplex ( 复杂的) calculatins. Ada was later asked t translate an article. She nt nly translated the article but added pages and pages f ntes, calculatins and innvatins (创新). Her ntes were published in 1843 and it turned ut that what she had written was s riginal, it is nw seen as the first cmprehensive cmment n what wuld becme mdern-day cmputer prgramming. Althugh impressive, Ada was nt actually given credit fr the article until 1848.
1．What happened t Ada in her childhd?
A．She was pushed t learn scientific knwledge.
B．She had t cmpare herself with ther wmen.
C．She gave up learning because f her father’s nature.
D．She had n father any mre.
2．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Ada thught petry was bring.
B．Ada thught science was creative.
C．Ada was interested in bth science and petry.
D．Ada believed petry was harder than science.
3．What decided Ada’s prfessinal life?
A．Ada was intrduced t the Sct, Mary Smerville.
B．Smerville’s suggestins.
C．Her husband’s encuragement.
D．Her cmmunicatin with Babbage.
4．What did Ada d after she met Babbage?
A．She taught peple hw t prgram.
B．She invented an “Analytical Engine”.
C．She translated an article and develped it.
D．She praised Babbage’s achievements.
（2023春·宁夏石嘴山·高二平罗中学校考期中）It is that time f the year, when a handful f wrld’s leading schlars, scial activists and researchers are rewarded with what is ften cited as the mst prestigius acknwledgement f human effrt-the Nbel Prize. Here’s a lk at wh has wn the prize and fr what.
Physilgy r Medicine
Swedish geneticist Svante Peab wn the first Nbel f the year, fr starting the field f ancient DNA studies. He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.
Physics
Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022. Althugh Aspect is frm France, Clauser frm the U.S, and Zeilinger frm Austria, the three separately perfrmed “grundbreaking experiments” as ne team. “Their results have cleared the way fr new technlgy,” the cmmittee stated.
Chemistry
The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. Dr. Bertzzi is the eighth wman chemist t be awarded the prize, while Dr. Sharpless is the fifth scientist t be awarded tw Nbel Prizes.
Ecnmics
The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday. By studying the histry f American ecnmics, particularly the Great Depressin f the 1930s,they imprved hw we understand the rle f banks during times f hardship and the bank’s impact n scietal functins.
5．What prize is related t the research with bnes?
A．Physilgy.B．Chemistry.C．Physics.D．Ecnmics.
6．Fr what study did Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig win the prize?
A．Abut scietal functins.B．Abut the histry f America.
C．Abut banks and financial crises.D．Abut the Great Depressin f the 1930s.
7．What d the prizes fr physics, chemistry and ecnmics have in cmmn?
A．Their winners are frm different cuntries.B．They have three winners.
C．They imprve new technlgy.D．They help peple understand hardship.
（2023秋·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末）Gerge Shull was brn in 1874 n a farm in Clark Cunty, Obi, and his knwledge f plants and hybrids came at an early age. Being needed n the farm, Shull received his early frmal educatin ff and n. Hwever, it was supplemented (增补) by intense hme study s that by 1892. he was teaching in a public schl, and later attending Antich Cllege.
In 1901, he graduated frm Antich and went t the University f Chicag t d graduate wrk. With his knwledge f btany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appinted as a btanical assistant at the U. S. Natinal Herbarium. He als wrked at the U. S. Bureau f Plant Industry as a btanical expert examining the plants and animals f Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sund. The data he cllected during this time was t cmprise his Ph. D．thesis (论文). And in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk at the Statin fr Experimental Evlutin.
He began wrking n crn in 1905. Fllwing Gregr Mendel’s example, Shull btained purebred (纯种的) lines f crn thrugh self-pllinatin (自花受粉). The pure-bred lines were less healthy and prductive, but when he crssed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any f the parents r thse pllinated in the pen fields. He immediately recgnized the ptential fr using this strategy t imprve crp yields.
In 1915, Shull accepted a prfessrship at Princetn University. With his encuragement, Princetn University Press began the publicatin f a new jurnal, Genetics. Shull was the managing editr fr ten years. Genetics is still ne f the tp internatinal science jurnals.
Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent mst f their later years with their children and grandchildren.
8．What des the underlined part “ff and n” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Nt surprisingly.B．Very frmally.C．Very excellently.D．Nt regularly.
9．What’s paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Gerge Shull’s cntributins.B．Gerge Shull’s research
C．Gerge Shull’s wrk experience.D．Gerge Shull’s educatin.
10．What was s special abut Shull’s methd f crn breeding?
A．It cmpletely relied n self-pllinatin.B．It was first published in Genetics.
C．It was widely accepted in Ohi.D．It fcused n crssing pure-bred lines.
11．Hw des the authr mainly develp the text?
A．By giving examples.B．By fllwing time rder.
C．By making cmparisns.D．By presenting a scientific study.
（2022秋·贵州黔东南·高二凯里一中校考期中）In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible.
“Abut 80 percent f the watermelns and sweet-melns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f painful effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years,” said Zhang Wenjun, a clleague f Wu’s.
Helping thers had lng been a dream f hers. And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns , which began paying ff in 1973. She is ne f the 8,000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated(培育)mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ffseasn breeding.
Using innvative measures such as radiatin mutatin breeding, duble haplid breeding and distant hybridizatin breeding, Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm(种质)resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜)varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance, said Yi Hngping, frmer directr f the Xinjiang Muskmeln Research Center.
The new meln varieties have been prmted t mre than 1.86 millin hectares f fields frm nrth t suth. Sme f these varieties have been prmted verseas, as far as Califrnia. Wu’s wrk has left her a number f hnrs. The “queen f melns” became an academician with the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004.
12．Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want t grw high-end melns?
A．Because she wanted t make China the largest prducer f melns.
B．Because China is the largest cnsumer f melns in the wrld.
C．Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.
D．Because Chinese gvernment asked her t grw high quality melns.
13．What can we learn abut frm Paragraph 4?
A．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd resist every disease.
B．Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces.
C．Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermeln varieties frm radiatin mutatin breeding.
D．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd adapt t any circumstance.
14．Which f the fllwing abut Wu Mingzhu is nt true frm the text?
A．She has cultivated mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties.
B．She is cmmitted t her wrk and makes remarkable achievements.
C．She helps make China the largest prducer f fruit in the wrld in 2018.
D．She is awarded a number f hnrary titles due t her cntributins.
15．What type is the text?
A．A diary entry.B．A bk review.
C．A physicist’s stry.D．A news reprt.
（2023秋·海南·高二嘉积中学校考期末）Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. William G. Kaelin, Jr. f the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University, Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe f Oxfrd University and the Francis Crick Institute, and Gregg L. Semenza f Jhns Hpkins University were jintly awarded the prize.
“The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses,” Randall Jhnsn, a member f the Nbel Assembly at Sweden’s Karlinska Institute said. “The three physicians fund the mlecular switch(分子开关)that regulates hw ur cells adapt when xygen levels drp.”
“Cells and tissues are cnstantly experiencing changes in xygen availability,” Jhnsn said. “As an embry(胚胎) grws and develps, and as muscles wrk, the xygen available changes as the tissues themselves change. Cells need a way t adjust t the amunt f xygen they have, while still ding their imprtant jbs.”
The cmmittee said that the discveries are vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.
Kaelin was brn in New Yrk and received an M. D．frm Duke University. He did his specialist training in internal medicine and nclgy at Jhns Hpkins, Baltimre, and at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Bstn.
Ratcliffe was brn in Lancashire, the United Kingdm, and studied medicine at Gnville and Caius Cllege at Cambridge University and did his specialist training in nephrlgy at Oxfrd. He is the directr f clinical research at the Francis Crick Institute in Lndn and a member f the Ludwig Institute fr Cancer Research.
Semenza was brn in New Yrk. He btained a B．A．in bilgy frm Harvard and his M. D．frm the University f Pennsylvania. He did his specialist training in pediatrics at Duke University. He is the directr f the Vascular Research Prgram at the Jhns Hpkins Institute fr Cell Engineering.
16．What can we knw abut the three scientists?
A．They studied different fields.
B．They shared ne prize.
C．They researched heart disease.
D．They fund the functin f embrys.
17．What did Jhnsn think f the discveries?
A．Imprtant.B．Meaningless.
C．Interesting.D．Disappinting.
18．What des the underlined wrd “explit” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Develp.B．Handle.C．Stress.D．Fllw.
19．What d the last three paragraphs mainly talk abut?
A．The three scientists’ achievements.
B．The influence f the discveries.
C．The example set by the three scientists.
D．The intrductin f the three scientists.
（2022秋·重庆万州·高二重庆市万州第二高级中学校考阶段练习）As the frmer great emplyee f NASA, Katherine Jhnsn, whse life was described in the mvie Hidden Figures, died n February 24, 2020, aged 101.
“NASA is deeply saddened by the lss f a leader frm ur pineering days,” said NASA administratr Jim Bridenstine n the webpage f NASA．“Ms. Jhnsn helped ur natin push the bundaries f space and she als played an imprtant rle in pening drs fr wmen and peple f clr t explre space. At NASA we will never frget her curage and leadership and the achievements we culd nt have reached withut her.”
Jhnsn was brn in West Virginia in 1918. She graduated frm West Virginia State University with a majr in mathematics and became a teacher at a public schl. She was als the first African-American wman t attend graduate schl in mathematics at West Virginia University until she left schl t fcus n raising children.
Her life changed in 1952 after a lng career break. A relative tld her abut pen psitins at the all-black West Area Cmputing sectin at the Natinal Advisry Cmmittee fr Aernautics’s Langley labratry, and she began t wrk fr the aerspace (航空航天) industry at Langley the next year. NASA depended n humans fr cmplicated aerspace calculatin as there was n high-functining electrnic cmputer. Female mathematicians usually tk the jb as their salary was lwer. Jhnsn was ne f thse African-American human cmputers.
Jhnsn was initially in charge f aerspace analysis and then a space develpment missin when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she wrked fr the 1961 subrbital (亚轨道的) flight f astrnaut Alan Shepard. Jhnsn cntinued t sit fr missins after she retired in 1986. Her hidden achievements were finally publicized when Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal f Freedm in 2015 and her dramatic life was made int a mvie.
20．What did Bridenstine’s wrds in the secnd paragraph mainly want t tell us?
A．T shw NASA’s appreciatin fr Jhnsn’s leadership.
B．T shw Jhnsn’s cntributins t space explratin.
C．T express all Americans’ regret ver Jhnsn’s death.
D．T emphasize NASA’s achievements in space explratin.
21．Why did NASA depend n humans fr cmplex aerspace calculatin?
A．It was cheaper t hire humans.
B．NASA culdn’t affrd electrnic cmputers then.
C．The cmputers at that time weren’t advanced enugh.
D．Humans were mre accurate than cmputers in calculatin.
22．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Jhnsn used t wrk in a private schl.
B．Jhnsn wrked fr the aerspace industry fr at least thirty-three years.
C．Jhnsn starred in the mvie Hidden Figures.
D．Jhnsn was the first wman t attend graduate schl in the United States.
23．What is the pssible meaning f the underlined wrds?
A．cnnect with.B．invlve in
C．part withD．turn in
（2023·全国·高二专题练习）Gerty Cri, the first American wman t win the Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine, was brn Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896. Gerty decided at the age f sixteen t study medicine. She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen, frm which she graduated in 1914, and then went t the Medical Schl f the German University f Prague. While in medical schl, Gerty met Carl Cri, a classmate wh shared bth her lve f skiing and muntain climbing and her interest in labratry research. In 1920, the tw published the results f their first jint research, received their medical degrees, and married each ther.
Gerty’s first research psitin was as an assistant in the Karlinen Children’s Hspital in Vienna. In 1922, Carl Cri mved t the United States t jin the staff f the New Yrk State Institute fr the Study f Malignant Diseases in Buffal, New Yrk. Gerty Cri mved a few mnths later, starting as an assistant pathlgist ( 病理学家) at the Institute and later rising t an assistant bichemist. In 1928, the Cris became US citizens.
In 1931, Carl Cri accepted the psitin f chairman f the Department f Pharmaclgy f the Washingtn University Schl f Medicine (WUSM), while Gerty Cri was hired as a research fellw. In the early 1940s the Cris mved t the Department f Bilgical Chemistry. Gerty Cri was made an assciate ( 副) prfessr f Research Bilgical Chemistry and Pharmaclgy in 1943. She was elevated t the rank ( 级别) f prfessr f Bilgical Chemistry in July 1947, the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nbel Prize fr their wrk n the metablism f glycgen (糖代谢).
In 1947, Gerty Cri began shwing the signs f myelfibrsis, an unusual bld disease. She fught the disease fr ten years, refusing t give up her research until the last few mnths f her life. Gerty Cri died n Octber 26, 1957.
24．What can we learn abut Gerty’s husband?
A．He shared the same interests with Gerty.
B．He mved t the USA later than Gerty.
C．He married Gerty while in medical schl.
D．He studied pathlgy under the influence f Gerty.
25．Which f the fllwing is the crrect rder f the events in Gerty’s life?
a. She mved t the USA．
b. She wn the Nbel Prize.
c. She met her husband Carl.
d. She gt a jb in the WUSM.
e. She received her medical degree.
A．e, a, c, b, dB．c, e, a, d, b
C．e, c, a, d, bD．c, a, e, b, d
26．What des the underlined wrd “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Adapted.B．Defeated.C．Prmted.D．Cmmitted.
27．What can we infer abut Gerty frm the last paragraph?
A．She was satisfied with her later life.B．She was in pr health all her life.
C．She died f a cmmn disease.D．She was very mentally strng.
（2022春·陕西延安·高二校考期中）Lise Meitner was brn in Vienna, Austria n Nvember 7, 1878. She was the third child f eight children in the family. Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was imprtant t the family, and all the children learned t play the pian. The Meitner children were taught t listen t their parents, but t think fr themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria. But, inspired by the discvery f Henri Becquerel, she was determined t study radiactivity(放射性).
When she turned 21, wmen were finally allwed int Austrian universities. Meitner was admitted int the University f Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her dctr’s degree in 1906. She wrte t Marie Curie, but there was n rm fr her in the Paris lab, s Meitner made her way t Berlin. There she wrked with Ott Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.
In 1912, the pair mved t a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment. Thugh Meitner was frced t escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they cntinued t cwrk. Meitner cntinued her wrk in Sweden and later they fund the phenmenn “nuclear fissin(核裂变)”. The discvery, which finally led t the atmic bmb, wn Hahn the Nbel Prize in 1944. Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee, refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.
28．What can we learn abut Lise Meitner’s childhd?
A．She received a pr educatin.B．She ften went against her parents.
C．She did well in math.D．She lived a hard life with her family.
29．Why didn’t Lise Meitner g t cllege after finishing high schl?
A．She wasn’t interested in cllege.
B．Girls in Austria were nt permitted.
C．Her family culdn’t affrd the schl fees.
D．She wanted t study radiactivity by herself.
30．Which ne is true accrding t the text?
A．She shuld find a better partner than Ott Hahn.
B．She made the wrng cllege chice.
C．She shuld have kept her identity a secret.
D．She was unfairly treated when wrking in Berlin.
31．What was mst prbably Lise Meitner’s attitude tward the Nbel cmmittee?
A．Psitive.B．Unclear.
C．Angry.D．Pleased.
（2022秋·浙江·高二校联考开学考试）Stephen Hawking was a British scientist, prfessr and authr wh perfrmed grundbreaking wrk in physics and csmlgy(安全), and whse bks helped t make science accessible t everyne.
At the age f 21, Hawking first began t ntice prblems with his physical health while he was at Oxfrd—he wuld smetimes trip and fall—but he didn’t lk int the prblem until 1963. But when his father discvered the cnditin, he tk Hawking t see a dctr. Fr the next tw weeks, the 21-year-ld cllege student made his hme at a medical clinic.
Eventually, hwever, dctrs did diagnse(诊断) Hawking with the early stages f ASL(渐冻症). It was devastating news fr him and his family. Nt lng after he left hspital, Hawking had a dream that he was ging t realize. He said this dream made him aware that there were still things t d with his life.
In a sense, Hawking’s disease helped turn him int the nted scientist he became. Befre the diagnsis, Hawking hadn’t always fcused n his studies. “Befre my cnditin was diagnsed, I had been very bred with life,” he said. “There had nt seemed t be anything wrth ding.” With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D．, Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research. On March 14, 2018, Hawking finally died f ALS, the disease that was suppsed t have killed him mre than 50 years earlier. The news tuched many in his field and beynd. Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went ut in the csms. We have lst an amazing human being. Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.”
32．What made Hawking devted himself t his wrk and research?
A．His father’s guidance abut his Ph. D．B．His wn awareness abut his limited life.
C．His dctr’s advice n his physical health.D．His attempt t be a nted scientist.
33．What d we knw abut Hawking accrding t the passage?
A．His father first tk ntice f his health cnditin.
B．Hawking decided t realize his dream when yung.
C．Hawking is highly praised fr his cntributin t human.
D．Hawking fund all wrth ding befre he knew his illness.
34．What des the underlined wrd “tamed” mean in the last paragraph?
A．explred.B．balanced.C．imprved.D．rebuilt.
35．Hw did Lawrence Krauss feel abut Steven Hawking’s life?
A．Pitiful.B．Excited.C．Shcked.D．Impressed.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了女科学家阿达·洛芙莱斯的主要事迹，展现了她对科学知识的热爱。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“T stp this frm happening, Ada was frced by her mther t learn science and mathematics which was unusual fr wmen at the time. (为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的母亲强迫她学习科学知识。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Ada’s mther and father (the famus pet Lrd Gerge Grdn Byrn) parted just weeks after she was brn. Her mther feared her grwing up with her father’s changeable nature. T stp this frm happening, Ada was frced by her mther t learn science and mathematics which was unusual fr wmen at the time.(艾达的母亲和父亲(著名诗人乔治·戈登·拜伦勋爵)在她出生几周后就分手了。她的母亲担心她在父亲喜怒无常的性格下长大。为了阻止这种情况的发生，艾达的母亲强迫她学习科学和数学，这在当时的女性中并不常见。)”可知，阿达的父亲是英国诗人拜伦。她的父母分开之后，她的母亲不愿阿达继承拜伦身上感性、多变的特质，于是她强迫阿达学习数学和科学，并对她严格要求。对于母亲的想法，阿达了然于心。划线处与上文中的“keeping the creative side f her frm germinating(让她的创造力无法萌发)”为顺承关系，目的是为了引出阿达说的话“如果不让我学习诗歌，那么至少让我学习富有诗意的科学”。结合上文中提到的阿达对数学表现出了浓厚的兴趣，我们可以推断，阿达将 petry和science进行比较，说明她认为科学如诗歌般具有创造性。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Attracted by this idea, Ada began a perid f letter-writing with him that wuld cme t decide her prfessinal life.(被这个想法吸引，阿达开始和他一起写信，后来决定了她的职业生涯。)”可知，阿达与查尔斯·巴贝奇针对科学知识展开的交流一定程度上决定了阿达以后的职业生涯。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“She nt nly translated the article but added pages and pages f ntes, calculatins and innvatins (创新).(她不仅翻译了这篇文章，还添加了一页又一页的注释、计算和创新。)”可知，她不仅翻译了学术文章，并加注了很多自己原创的见解。故选C。
5．A 6．C 7．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项诺贝尔奖的获得情况。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is well-knwn fr extracting, sequencing, and analyzing ancient DNA frm Neanderthal bnes.(他以从尼安德特人的骨头中提取、测序和分析古代DNA而闻名)”可知，生理学奖项与骨骼研究有关。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig凭关于银行和金融危机研究获奖。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Alain Aspect, Jhn F. Clauser and Antn Zeilinger’s wrk in quantum (量子) technlgy landed them the secnd Nbel Prize annunced in 2022.( Alain Aspect、Jhn F. Clauser和Antn Zeilinger在量子技术方面的工作使他们在2022年获得了第二个诺贝尔奖)”；第四段中“The Nbel Prize fr chemistry went t anther tri, Carlyn R. Bertzzi frm the U.S., Mrten Meldal frm Denmark and K. Barry Sharpless frm the U.S. “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry,” the cmmittee stated. (诺贝尔化学奖授予了另一个三人组，来自美国的Carlyn R. Bertzzi、来自丹麦的Mrten Meldal和来自美国的K. Barry Sharpless，他们“因发展了咔嗒化学和双正交化学”，委员会说)”以及最后一段中“The Prize in Ecnmic Sciences was awarded t three American ecnmists, Ben S. Bernanke, Duglas W. Diamnd and Philip H. Dybvig “fr research n banks and financial crises,” the Nbel Prize cmmittee annunced n Mnday.(诺贝尔奖委员会周一宣布，经济科学奖授予了三名美国经济学家， Ben S. Bernanke、Duglas W. Diamnd和Philip H. Dybvig，以表彰他们“对银行和金融危机的研究”)”可知，物理学奖、化学奖和经济学奖的共同之处是有三个获奖者。故选B。
8．D 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名植物学家Gerge Shull的学习和工作经历以及重要成就。
8．词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Being needed n the farm”(被农场需要)可知，Gerge Shull小时候需要做农活，所以无法正常接受正规教育。所以ff and n意为“断断续续地，时不时地”。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“With his knwledge f btany and experience with farming practices, Shull passed a Civil Service exam, and was appinted as a btanical assistant at the U. S. Natinal Herbarium.”(凭借他的植物学知识和农业实践经验，Shull通过了公务员考试，并被任命为美国国家植物标本馆的植物学助理。)和最后一句“And in 1904 he was appinted t be in charge f plant wrk at the Statin fr Experimental Evlutin.”(1904年，他被任命负责实验进化站的植物工作。)可知，第二段主要是讲Gerge Shull的工作经历。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The pure-bred lines were less healthy and prductive, but when he crssed the pure-bred lines, the hybrid yields were better than any f the parents r thse pllinated in the pen fields. He immediately recgnized the ptential fr using this strategy t imprve crp yields.”(纯种品种的健康和产量都较差，但当他杂交纯种品种时，杂交品种的产量比任何亲本或在开阔田野授粉的亲本都好。他立即意识到利用这种策略提高作物产量的潜力。)可知，Shull的玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注杂交纯种品种。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Gerge Shull was brn in 1874 n a farm in Clark Cunty, Obi, and his knwledge f plants and hybrids came at an early age.”(Gerge Shull在1874年出生于奥比奥州克拉克县的一个农场，他早年就对植物和杂交作物有了了解。)，第二段第一句“In 1901, he graduated frm Antich and went t the University f Chicag t d graduate wrk.”(1901年，他从安提阿大学毕业，到芝加哥大学攻读研究生学位。)，第三段第一句“He began wrking n crn in 1905.”(1905年，他开始研究玉米。)，第四段第一句“In 1915, Shull accepted a prfessrship at Princetn University.”(1915年，Shull接受了普林斯顿大学的教授职位。)和最后一段“Shull retired in 1942. He and his wife spent mst f their later years with their children and grandchildren.”(Shull于1942年退休。他和妻子晚年的大部分时间都是和儿孙们在一起度过的。)可知，这篇文章是按照时间顺序组织的。故选B。
12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。该篇新闻报道了我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面上出现的各个西瓜品种的贡献。
12．细节理解题。根据第三自然段“And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns , which began paying ff in 1973.”（她认为生活中最美好的事情是你所创造的一切都能为人民服务，所以她努力种植优质甜瓜，并于1973年开始获得回报。）可知，吴明珠院士之所以培育一些高端的瓜果主要是因为她想创造出一些能给人们提供服务，这是她认为最美好的事情。C项“Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.”（因为她想创造一些能为人们服务的东西）符合原文表述，故选C项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四自然段中“Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm（种质）resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln （香瓜）varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance”（吴和她的团队开发了新的种质资源，从中培育了30多个适应性更好、抗病性更强的西瓜和甜瓜品种）可知，吴明珠院士和她的团队成员通过germ-plasm resurces培育出了超过30种拥有更好的适应能力和更强的抗病能力的西瓜和香瓜。B项“Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces”（吴和她的团队从新的种质资源中培育出高质量的甜瓜）符合原文表述，故选B项。
14．细节理解题。 根据第三自然段中“She is ne f the 8,000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated（培育）mre than 20,000 f China's new seed varieties thrugh ffseasn breeding.”（她是过去60年来每年从全国各地来到海南的8000名农业科学家之一，通过淡季育种培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。）可知，超过20,000种新型种子是由8000多个农业科学家培育出来的。A项“She has cultivated mre than 20,000 f China’s new seed varieties.”（她培育了2万多个中国新种子品种）符合原文表述，故选A项。
15．推理判断题。浏览文章可知，文章主要介绍了“我国西瓜女王吴明珠院士生平以及其培育如今市面上出现的各个西瓜品种的贡献”，所以推测，这是一篇介绍名人事迹的传记类的新闻报道类文章。D项“A news reprt.”（新闻报道。）符合推测，故选D项。
16．B 17．A 18．A 19．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位科学家。
16．细节理解题。根据首段首句“Three scientists wh studied hw cells sense and adapt t xygen levels have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine.”（三位研究细胞如何感知和适应氧气变化机制的科学家被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖）可知，三位科学家共享了诺贝尔奖，故选B项。
17．推理判断题。根据第二段首句““The meaningful discveries by this year’s Nbel winners shwed life’s mst adaptive prcesses,” Randall Jhnsn”（Randall Jhnsn说：“今年诺贝尔奖获得者的重大发现显示了生命最具适应性的过程”）可知，他认为这项发现是重要的，故选A项。
18．词义猜测题。根据第四段“The cmmittee said that the discveries are vital fr physilgy and culd explit new strategies t fight anemia, cancer and many ther diseases.”（委员会说这项发现对生理学至关重要，能够explit 新的策略来对抗贫血、癌症和其他疾病）可知，此处表示“产生新的方法”之意，develp“开发”符合，故选A项。
19．主旨大意题。纵观最后三段可知，主要介绍了三位科学家的出生地、求学和工作等相关信息，故选D项。
20．B 21．C 22．B 23．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要缅怀了一位名为Katherine Jhnsn的非裔美国女性数学家，对其在美国航空航天事业中做出的巨大贡献表达敬意。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“‘Ms. Jhnsn helped ur natin push the bundaries f space and she als played an imprtant rle in pening drs fr wmen and peple f clr t explre space. At NASA we will never frget her curage and leadership and the achievements we culd nt have reached withut her.’(“约翰逊帮助我们的国家打破了太空的界限，她还在为女性和有色人种打开探索太空的大门方面发挥了重要作用。在NASA，我们永远不会忘记她的勇气和领导力，以及没有她我们不可能取得的成就。”)”可知，Bridenstine的话是表明了Katherine Jhnsn在太空探索方面取得的巨大成就和贡献。故选B项。
21．细节理解题。根据第四段“NASA depended n humans fr cmplicated aerspace calculatin as there was n high-functining electrnic cmputer. (美国宇航局依靠人类进行复杂的航天计算，因为当时并没有功能强大的电子计算机。)”可知，NASA依靠人类进行复杂的航天计算是因为当时的计算机功能并不先进，无法进行复杂的计算。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段“Her life changed in 1952 after a lng career break. (在经历了漫长的职业休业后，她的生活在1952年发生了改变。)和“and she began t wrk fr the aerspace (航空航天) industry at Langley the next year. (第二年，她开始在Langley的航空航天行业工作。)”和最后一段“Jhnsn cntinued t participate in missins after she retired in 1986. (约翰逊在1986年退休后继续参与任务)”可知，Katherine Jhnsn从1953年开始至1986年退休，至少 33年中为航空航天局工作。故选B项。
23．词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词前“Jhnsn was initially in charge f aerspace analysis and then a space develpment missin when NASA was launched in 1958. Then she wrked fr the 1961 subrbital (亚轨道的) flight f astrnaut Alan Shepard. (约翰逊最初负责航空航天分析，然后在1958年NASA成立时负责太空开发任务。然后，她为1961年宇航员艾伦·谢泼德的亚轨道飞行工作。)”可知，前面说到了约翰逊的太空开发任务以及“Jhnsn cntinued t sit fr missins after she retired in 1986.”可知，约翰逊在1986年退休后继续参加任务。近义词是invlve in参与。故选B项。
24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in medical schl, Gerty met Carl Cri, a classmate wh shared bth her lve f skiing and muntain climbing and her interest in labratry research.(在医学院读书期间，格蒂遇到了卡尔·科尼，两人都喜欢滑雪和登山，也都对实验室研究感兴趣。)”可知，格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
25．细节理解题。通读全文可知，格蒂在布拉格大学医学院读书时认识了后来的丈夫；两人于1920年获得医学学位；之后夫妇二人于1922年移民到美国；1931年格蒂和丈夫任职于华盛顿医学院；1947年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
26．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Gerty Cri was made an assciate ( 副) prfessr f Research Bilgical Chemistry and Pharmaclgy in 1943. She was elevated t the rank ( 级别) f prfessr f Bilgical Chemistry in July 1947.( Gerty Cri于1943年被任命为研究生物化学和药理学副教授。1947年7月，她被提升为生物化学教授。)”可知，1943年格蒂是副教授，1947年7月她是教授，由此可以推断划线词为“晋升，升职”的意思。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fught the disease fr ten years, refusing t give up her research until the last few mnths f her life. Gerty Cri died n Octber 26, 1957.(她与疾病抗争了十年，直到生命的最后几个月，她都拒绝放弃她的研究。格蒂于1957年10月26日去世。)”可知，即使与病魔做斗争，格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究事业，直到生命的尽头。由此可以推断，她有着十分顽强的生命力，对于科学一片热忱。故选D。
28．C 29．B 30．D 31．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了奥地利女科学家Lise Meitner的生平以及对核物理学的贡献。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. (她的父亲菲利普是一名律师，雇了私人教师来教孩子们，她的数学学得很好。)”可知，关于Lise Meitner的童年，我们能了解到的是她数学学得很好。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria.(当莉丝·梅特纳14岁完成学业时，她无法进入本科接受高等教育，奥地利的所有女孩也是如此)”可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没有去上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不被允许上大学。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“There she wrked with Ott Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.(在那里，她和奥托·哈恩一起工作，但作为一名奥地利犹太女性，她被排除在主要实验室之外，只能在地下室工作。)”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。故选D项。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee, refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.(Meitner被诺贝尔委员会忽视了，她在战后拒绝返回德国，在斯德哥尔摩继续她的原子研究直到80多岁)”推知，Meitner对诺贝尔委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。故选C项。
32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。斯蒂芬 · 霍金是一位英国科学家、教授和作家，他在物理学和宇宙学方面进行了开创性的工作，文章主要讲述了霍金对人类的贡献。他的著作帮助每个人都了解科学。
32．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D., Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，在霍金意识自己有限的生命的时候，他致力于工作和研究中。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We have lst an amazing human being. Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.””（我们失去了一个了不起的人。76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并探索宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）可知，霍金通过自己的研究工作，教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西——人类的意义。基于此他是一个了不起的人。故选C。
34．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Hawking fught and tamed the csms bravely fr 76 years and taught us all smething imprtant abut what it truly means t celebrate abut being human.””（76年来，霍金勇敢地与宇宙斗争并 tamed宇宙，他教会了我们所有人一些重要的东西，那就是庆祝作为人类的真正意义。”）和最后一段中“With the sudden realizatin that he might nt even live lng enugh t earn his Ph. D., Hawking pured himself int his wrk and research.”（霍金突然意识到自己可能活不到获得博士学位的那一天，于是全身心地投入到工作和研究中。）可知，76年来，霍金全身心地投入到自己的研究中，研究宇宙，探索宇宙。所以划线词此处的含义为“探索”，故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Lawrence Krauss tweeted, “A star just went ut in the csms. We have lst an amazing human being. ”（劳伦斯 · 克劳斯在推特上写道：“一颗恒星刚刚消失在宇宙中，我们失去了一个了不起的人类。”）可推知，对于霍金的一生，劳伦斯认为其是了不起的。故选D。
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