高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future精品巩固练习

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future精品巩固练习，共17页。
______1______ Its ability t prvide in-depth answers t user questins has even drawn the attentin f distinguished technlgy cmpanies.
The intelligent rbt understands what the user says r types and then respnds in a way that makes sense. Its vast bdy f knwledge has been gathered frm the Internet and archived (归档) bks. It is further trained by humans. ______2______
“We have a lt f infrmatin n the Internet, but yu nrmally have t Ggle it, then read it and then d smething with it,” says Ricard. “Nw yu'll have this resurce that can prcess the whle Internet and all f the infrmatin it cntains fr yu t answer yur questin.”
ChatGPT cannt think n its wn. It depends n the infrmatin that it has been trained n. As a result, the AI t! wrks well fr things that have accurate data available. Hwever, when unsure, Chat GPT can get creative and flw ut incrrect respnses. ______3______ Als, ChatGPT has nly been trained with infrmatin till 2021. Hence, it cannt be relied upn fr anything that happened after that.
______4______ It can translate lng texts int different languages, create cntent n almst any tpic, and even summarize bks. Hwever, ChatGPT has received mixed reactins frm educatrs. Sme believe it culd serve as a valuable tl t help build literacy skills in the classrm. ______5______ But ther educatrs think ChatGPT will encurage students t cheat. They fear this will prevent them frm building critical thinking and prblem-slving skills. As a result, many districts are starting t ban its use in schls.
A．OpenAI reminds users t check the infrmatin n matter hw lgical it sunds.
B．This makes ChatGPT a useful tl fr researching almst any tpic.
C．We've trained a mde! called ChatGPT which interacts in a cnversatinal way.
D．It culd als be used t teach students difficult science r math cncepts.
E．The AI-pwered tl went frm zer t a millin users in just five days!
F．Experts believe ChatGPT has limitless ptential t slve real-wrld prblems.
G．We knw that many limitatins remain as discussed abve.
（2023春·重庆·高一四川外国语大学附属外国语学校校考期中）Frm writing Shakespeare-style petry t making music, ChatGPT has amazed the wrld since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based cmpany Open AI. The AI prgram can answer questins n a whle hst f tpics, and write essays, stries and any ther written texts yu can think f. It des this by drawing n infrmatin cllected frm a large crpus (语料库) f text data.
___6___ As Sam Altman, the CEO f Open AI, said in an interview with Frbes, “it’s nt actually fundamentally new technlgy that made this (ChatGPT) have a mment.”
One breakthrugh behind tday’s mdel is a netwrk called Transfrmer, which was invented by Ggle researchers in 2017. ___7___ Transfrmer can therefre understand the meaning f texts mre accurately with the help f the cntext.
The GPT mdels built by Open AI cmbined Transfrmer with unguided learning. ___8___ ChatGPT can nw generate human-like respnses instantly due t the large scale f texts it learned frm.
“One f the biggest prblems with ChatGPT is that it cmes back, very cnfidently, with mistakes,” Michael Wldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in Lndn, UK, tld The Guardian, “because it learns infrmatin frm varius resurces. ___9___ S, at this pint, ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld, yet.”
Sme argue that ChatGPT will be used t generate fake news, spread misunderstanding, r be used fr ill purpses. As fr educatin, many US schls recently banned students frm using ChatGPT n schl netwrks since students began t use it as a shrtcut fr essays and research prjects. ___10___
A．Why is ChatGPT s questinable?
B．What makes ChatGPT s impressive?
C．Hwever, deciding what is true r false is anther stry.
D．Lng stry shrt, it takes time t make prper use f this pwerful AI.
E．That is t say, the mdels can learn by themselves withut being guided.
F．It can infer wrd meanings by tracking where the wrd appears in a sentence.
G．It can refer t limitless nline dictinaries t identify the meaning f the wrd.
（2023春·云南·高二云南省下关第一中学校考期中）China has been the birthplace f many f the wrld’s greatest inventins. It was, fr example, the first cuntry t prduce paper mney. Befre the inventin f paper mney and cin, peple used many different kinds f things fr buying and selling. ____11____ This exchange f gds and services fr ther gds and services is called bartering (以货换货).
____12____ In 1200 BC, peple in China began t use shells as mney. Usually the shells used as mney were very small. This made it easier fr peple t carry mney ver lng distances, and allwed trade t develp between different parts f the cuntry.
In the years which fllwed this inventin, many ther cuntries arund the wrld began t d the same. ____13____ The next develpment was in 1000 BC, when China started making brnze and cpper shells. It wasn’t lng befre the Chinese made rund cins ut f metal. ____14____ By 500 BC, metal cins had begun t appear in cuntries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Rman Empire.
Abut 1,000 years later, leather was used as mney in China, and in 806 AD, the first bankntes were prduced by the Chinese peple. ____15____
A．As time went by, trade between cuntries increased.
B．Peple als began cllecting freign cins as suvenirs.
C．They als used tiny shells as mney fr buying and selling.
D．It was still many years befre paper currency appeared in Eurpe.
E．Hwever, as the ecnmy develped, such exchanges became impractical.
F．During that time, fr example, buying a chicken might cst several ptates.
G．The very first cins ften had hles in them s that peple culd string them tgether.
（2023春·江苏南京·高二江苏省溧水高级中学校考期中）Israeli Cmpany Develps 3D Printed Beef
If there were an award fr the funniest cmpany name f 2022, then the 3D printed meat cmpany “Steakhlder” wuld win that award.
Israeli cmpany Steakhlder Fds Ltd. has intrduced its new prduct, Omakase Beef Mrsels, which are biprinted with cultured meat. The bites are inspired by the wrld-famus Wagyu beef, famus fr its fat marbling patterns (大理石花纹) in the meat, which is als very expensive.
The cmpany was frmed in 2019 and has an ffice in Israel and Belgium, and is nw expanding its peratins t the US. ___16___
Stakehlder uses stem cells frm cattle fr the prductin f its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed frm tw separate bi-inks.___17___ A bite can be made juicier, chewier, and the taste can als be altered.
___18___ The cells are selected frm animals that will prvide the best meat and yield. The next step is prliferatin, in which the cells are placed int a nutrient rich reactr t multiply. When the cells reach apprpriate numbers, the stem cells change int muscle cells and fat cells. ___19___
“This prduct marks a majr step frward fr us and fr the cultured meat industry in general,” said Arik Kaufman, CEO f Steakhlder Fds. “It is the result f a lt f hard wrk and ur desire t achieve the highest level f meat pssible thrugh biprinting and cell culture prcesses.”
___20___ Its patent fr 3D-biprinting technlgy is the result f intensive cperatin between its 3D printing engineers and cell bilgists. “We see Omakase Beef Mrsels as the cmbinatin f fd, technlgy and fine art,” Kaufman said. “We want t inspire chefs arund the wrld t create delicius masterpieces and unfrgettable dining experiences.”
S there yu have it, guilt-free meat eating may be just arund the crner.
A．The cmpany has already achieved several milestnes since it was funded.
B．Its gal is t create sustainable meat prducts t replace meats such as beef, chicken and even fish.
C．The layers f meat and fat can be regruped in different prprtins t create different flavr experiences.
D．Additinally, prducing meat withut having t raise and kill cattle may wrk ut better fr ensuring animal welfare and verall health.
E．The meat prduct is the first f its kind and was created using a specific 3D-biprinting technlgy that was recently patented by the cmpany.
F．In the final steps, the muscle cells and fat cells are turned int meat, ready t be prcessed int the final prduct, whether it’s a burger, steak, r even a meatlaf.
G．The prcess wrks by first selecting the animals t extract (提取) the stem cells frm.
（2023春·安徽·高二校联考期中）What exactly is a cmputer? That’s nt always an easy questin t answer. Webster’s Cllegiate Dictinary defines a cmputer as “a prgrammable usually electrnic device that can stre, retrieve(检索), and prcess data”. ____21____
Fr thusands f years, peple have tried t imprve their lives by inventing machines t make certain tasks easier. Sme peple believe a simple mechanical device called an “abacus” was ne f the earliest frms f a cmputer. ____22____ Archaelgists have fund evidence that the ancient Greeks used the abacus as early as the 5th century B．C．
Mdern cmputers were develped much mre recently. The first mdern electrnic cmputer—knwn as the Electrnic Numerical Integratr and Cmputer r ENIAC—became peratinal in 1946. Weighing mre than 30 tns, ENIAC tk up as much space as 1,800 square feet. ____23____ While ENIAC culd perfrm 5,000 additin prblems per secnd, many f tday’s laptp cmputers weigh just a few punds and can perfrm several billin peratins per secnd.
____24____ Large desktp cmputers gave way t laptps. Laptps have develped int a wide variety f even smaller cmputing devices, such as netbks and tablet cmputers. Many peple even carry cmputers with them everywhere they g. Smartphnes—cellular telephnes with advanced cmputing capabilities—fit easily int a pcket and allw their users t make telephne calls, surf the Internet, and cnduct business n the g.
S what’s the smallest cmputer available tday? As f 2015, the smallest cmputer is just ne cubic millimeter. Hwever, tday’s cmputer manufacturers are cnstantly prducing newer and smaller mdels at a rate t fast t keep up with. ____25____
A．Tday, we rely n cmputers fr all srts f things.
B．Tday’s cmputers keep getting smaller and smaller.
C．Ancient peple used the device t perfrm simple calculatins(计算).
D．Since then, cmputers have becme much smaller and much mre pwerful.
E．Others think a cmputer is anything that transfrms infrmatin in a meaningful way.
F．Mdern laptps are slw cmpared t mdern supercmputers.
G．Whatever is smallest tday will prbably be replaced with smething even smaller tmrrw!
（2023·吉林·长春吉大附中实验学校校考一模）When a heavy strm hit, residents f the flating cmmunity f Schnschip in Amsterdam had little dubt abut whether they culd ride it ut. They tied up their wn stuff, and checked in with neighbrs t ensure everyne had enugh fd and water. ___26___, rising alng with the water and ging back t its riginal psitin after the rain stpped.
A flating huse can be cnstructed n any shreline and is able t deal with rising seas by remaining n the tp f the water’s surface. ___27___, flating hmes are fixed t the shre and are usually cnnected t the lcal sewer (污水管道) system and pwer grid. They are structurally similar t huses built n land.
___28___. Siti Belen, the Schnschip resident, says that when she first mved in, strmy weather made her think twice. “Yu feel it in yur stmach,” she says, adding that she has gtten used t the feeling. Flating hmes als require extra infrastructure and wrk t cnnect t the electricity grid and sewer system.
___29___. “If there are flds, it’s expected that many peple will mve t higher grund. But the alternative is t stay clse t castal cities and explre expansin nt the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. “___30___. That’s unavidable merely half a century away. We need t start nw t increase the scale f flating develpments.”
A．They then barded their flating huses
B．But the benefits may utweigh the csts
C．Since flating huses are n the increase
D．We feel safer in a strm because we are flating
E．Unlike husebat which can easily be mved and relcated
F．Hundreds f millins f peple will be displaced by sea level rise
G．Severe wind and rain, r even the passing ships, can rck the buildings
（2023春·湖南长沙·高三雅礼中学统考阶段练习）The recent pandemic has affected all aspects f life, including the way we live. Our hmes are n lnger single - purpse spaces. Instead they nw serve as ffices, gyms, wrkshps, classrms, etc. ____31____
A better entrance will catch n. ____32____ In smaller units, it might be created by a single wall that blcks views thrugh the unit and creates a sense f enclsure. But it needs t be accmpanied by a frnt - hall clset.
____33____ When thughtfully designed, the dining rms can quickly alter frm dining mde t wrking mde. Mrever, rm sizes culd als change - t create chances fr adaptatin. Fr example, a windwless alcve (壁凹) can be clsed ff with sliding glass drs. It can be a space where yu can set up a hme fficer a library, r a learning space fr children.
Access t the utdrs will be welcme. After spending s much time indrs, having access t fresh air and nature at hme is likely t becme essential. One way t prvide - a - clser cnnectin t nature may be with larger curtyard gardens. ____34____ After all. fresh air is imprtant fr weliness ?
Advanced technlgy will be adpted. ____35____ That will lead t mre widespread adptin f smart - hme technlgy. “Maybe it’s ging t becme a new standard. Yu’ll be able t talk t the elevatr. Or yur dr will unlck itself when yu cme hme.” an engineer said.
A．An entrance isn’t necessarily a separate rm.
B．Mre flexible spaces will becme a trend.
C．N wnder architects have predicted varius advanced hme designs.
D．There is grwing awareness f reducing tuching surfaces t avid viruses.
E．Hmes in the future culd easily be like what we see in the sci - fi mvies.
F．Or it culd be accmplished with mre balcnies with planting areas.
G．We will embrace spaces with mre artistic ideas.
（2023·高二课时练习）With the develpment f science and technlgy, ur daily life is becming mre varied and mre cnvenient. At the same time, life in the late 21st century will be different frm that nwadays, because many changes will take place then, but what will the changes be?
__36__ There will be mre and mre peple in the wrld and mst f them will live lnger than tday.
Cmputers will be much smaller and mre useful, and there will be at least ne in every hme. __37__
Peple will wrk fewer hurs than they d nw. They will have mre free time fr sprts, watching TV and traveling. Traveling will be much cheaper and easier. __38__
__39__ Mre land will be used t build new twns and huses. Then there will be less rm fr cws and sheep, s meat will be mre expensive. Maybe n ne will eat it every day. Instead they eat mre vegetables and fruit. Maybe peple will be healthier thanks t that.
Wrk in the future will be different, t. __40__ Because f this, many peple will nt have enugh wrk t d. This will be a prblem.
A．The ppulatin is grwing fast.
B．Rbts are mst useful in the future.
C．There will be changes in ur fd, t.
D．Dangerus and hard wrk will be dne by rbts.
E．The ppulatin is becming smaller and smaller.
F．And mre peple will g t ther cuntries fr travel.
G．And cmputer study will be ne f the imprtant subjects at schl.
参考答案：
1．E 2．B 3．A 4．F 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT的走红引发公众的关注，它有着广泛的应用但同时也有不足之处。
1．根据前文的“ChatGPT, designed by OpenAI t carry n cnversatins just like humans, has becme a viral excitement.（由OpenAI设计的聊天GPT可以像人类一样进行对话，它已经成为一种走红般的兴奋。）”可知， ChatGPT非常受人欢迎，E项（人工智能工具在短短五天内就从零用户增长到了100万用户！）证实了前文的说法，后文“Its ability t prvide in-depth answers t user questins has even drawn the attentin f distinguished technlgy cmpanies.（它为用户的问题提供深入解答的能力甚至引起了知名科技公司的注意。）”承接该选项内容，进一步说明ChatGPT越来越引起人们的关注。故选E项。
2．根据前文的“The intelligent rbt understands what the user says r types and then respnds in a way that makes sense. Its vast bdy f knwledge has been gathered frm the Internet and archived bks. It is further trained by humans.（智能机器人能理解用户说什么或键入什么，然后以合理的方式做出反应。它的大量知识都是从互联网上和存档的书籍中收集。它是由人类进一步训练的。）”可知，B项（这使得ChatGPT成为研究几乎任何主题的有用工具。）承接上文，说明ChatGPT可以应用的范围是广泛的。故选B项。
3．根据前文的“ChatGPT cannt think n its wn. It depends n the infrmatin that it has been trained n. As a result, the AI t! wrks well fr things that have accurate data available. Hwever, when unsure, Chat GPT can get creative and flw ut incrrect respnses. （ChatGPT无法独立思考。这取决于它所训练的信息。因此，人工智能也是如此！适用于有准确数据可用的情况。然而，当不确定时，Chat GPT可能会发挥创意，并产生不正确的响应。）”可知，A项（OpenAI提醒用户，无论信息听起来多么合乎逻辑，都要检查信息。）承接上文，说明了ChatGPT不能完全产生人们需要的东西，下文的“ Als, ChatGPT has nly been trained with infrmatin till 2021. Hence, it cannt be relied upn fr anything that happened after that.（此外，ChatGPT在2021年之前只接受过信息培训。因此，在那之后发生的任何事情都不能依赖它。）” 承接该选项内容，进一步指出了ChatGPT的不足之处。故选A项。
4．根据后文的“It can translate lng texts int different languages, create cntent n almst any tpic, and even summarize bks.（它可以将长文本翻译成不同的语言，创建几乎任何主题的内容，甚至可以总结书籍。）”可知，F项（专家认为，ChatGPT在解决现实世界问题方面具有无限的潜力。）承接上文，指出ChatGPT无限潜力的具体体现。故选F项。
5．根据前文的“Sme believe it culd serve as a valuable tl t help build literacy skills in the classrm. （一些人认为，它可以作为一个有价值的工具，帮助在课堂上培养识字技能。）”可知，D项（它也可以用来教学生困难的科学或数学概念。）承接上文，指出ChatGPT可以发挥的作用，与后文的“But ther educatrs think ChatGPT will encurage students t cheat. They fear this will prevent them frm building critical thinking and prblem-slving skills. As a result, many districts are starting t ban its use in schls.（但其他教育工作者认为ChatGPT会鼓励学生作弊。他们担心这会阻碍他们培养批判性思维和解决问题的能力。因此，许多地区开始禁止在学校使用它。）”形成了转折关系，这些内容与前文的“Hwever, ChatGPT has received mixed reactins frm educatrs.（然而，ChatGPT收到了教育工作者的不同反应。）”相呼应。故选D项。
6．B 7．F 8．E 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由美国Open AI公司推出的ChatGPT可以回答一系列的主题问题，并撰写散文、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文体。
6．根据空后“As Sam Altman, the CEO f Open AI, said in an interview with Frbes, “it’s nt actually fundamentally new technlgy that made this (ChatGPT) have a mment.” (正如Open AI公司的首席执行在一次采访中说道：‘实际上并不是新技术让这项技术（ChatGPT）有了一席之地’。 )”可知，空后提出并不是新的技术让ChatGPT有了一席之地，故此处B项“什么让ChatGPT如此的令人印象深刻呢？”符合语境，本空出提出问题，空后用Sam Altman在采访中的话回答问题，故选B项。
7．根据空后“Transfrmer can therefre understand the meaning f texts mre accurately with the help f the cntext. (因此，Transfrmer可以在上下文的帮助下更准确地理解文本的意思。)”可知，空后提出了结果，故F项“通过判断单词出现在句子中的位置来推断单词的意思。”符合，F项说明原因，它可以根据单词在句中的位置来判断其意思，因此能更准确地理解文本的意思，故选F项。
8．根据空前“The GPT mdels built by Open AI cmbined Transfrmer with unguided learning. (Open AI构建的GPT将Transfrmer与非指导学习相结合。)”可知，E项“也就是说，模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学。”是前文的顺义承接，是对前文的解释说明，Open AI构建的GPT将Transfrmer与非指导学习相结合，也就是说模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学，故选E项。
9．根据空后“S, at this pint, ChatGPT desn’t knw the truth abut the wrld, yet. (因此，在这一点上，ChatGPT还不知道世界的真相。)”可知，空后给出结果，因此它不知道世界的真相，故此处C项“然而，决定什么是真的，什么是假的又是另一回事了。”符合，因为它无法决定什么是真，什么是假，因此它并不知道世界的真相，故选C项。
10．根据空前“As fr educatin, many US schls recently banned students frm using ChatGPT n schl netwrks since students began t use it as a shrtcut fr essays and research prjects. (对于教育，很多美国学校最近禁止学生在学校网络上使用ChatGPT，因为学生开始将它作为论文和研究项目的快捷方式。)”可知，空前提出学校禁止学生使用，是因为学生通过它在学习上走捷径，故D项“长话短说，正确使用强大的AI 还需要时间。”符合，因为学生的不正当使用，因此正确使用AI还需要时间，故选D项。
11．F 12．E 13．C 14．G 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了货币在中国的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属货币，最后发明了纸币，中国是世界上最早发明贝壳货币、金属货币和纸币的国家。
11．根据上文“Befre the inventin f paper mney and cin, peple used many different kinds f things fr buying and selling. (在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用许多不同种类的东西进行买卖。)”可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖；选项F“During that time, fr example, buying a chicken might cst several ptates. (例如，在那段时间里，买一只鸡可能要花几个土豆。)”用一个例子来说明那个时代用交换不同的东西进行买卖，选项中的“During that time”指代上文“Befre the inventin f paper mney and cin”；下文“This exchange f gds and services fr ther gds and services is called bartering (以货换货).(这种商品和服务与其他商品和服务的交换被称为物物交换。)”，对上文的这种买卖行为进行了定义。故选 F。
12．上文第一段讲述了在发明纸币和硬币之前，人们使用以货换货进行买卖；下文“In 1200 BC, peple in China began t use shells as mney. Usually the shells used as mney were very small. This made it easier fr peple t carry mney ver lng distances, and allwed trade t develp between different parts f the cuntry. (公元前1200年，中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币。通常用作货币的贝壳都很小。这使得人们更容易远距离携带货币，并促进了国内不同地区之间的贸易发展。)”说明随着时代的发展，新的买卖形式出现，以货换货被货币买卖所取代，在公元前 1200 年中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币，贝壳便于携带，促进了贸易的发展；E选项“Hwever, as the ecnmy develped, such exchanges became impractical.(然而，随着经济的发展，这种交换变得不切实际。)”承接第一段，说明随着经济发展以货换货变得不切实际，此句承上启下，选项中的“such exchanges”指代第一段中的“bartering”，符合语境。故选E。
13．由上文“In the years which fllwed this inventin, many ther cuntries arund the wrld began t d the same.(在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做。)”可知，在中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币之后，许多国家也开始使用贝壳作为货币；由此可知，C选项“They als used tiny shells as mney fr buying and selling.(他们也使用小贝壳作为买卖的货币。)”符合语境，选项中的“They”指代上文中的“many ther cuntries”。故选C。
14．上文“It wasn’t lng befre the Chinese made rund cins ut f metal.(没过多久，中国人就用金属制造了圆形硬币。)”介绍了货币的进一步的发展，即中国人制造了圆形硬币；G选项“The very first cins ften had hles in them s that peple culd string them tgether.(最初的硬币上通常有洞，这样人们就可以把它们串在一起。)”承接上文，对当时的圆形硬币进行描述，符合语境。故选G。
15．上文“Abut 1,000 years later, leather was used as mney in China, and in 806 AD, the first bankntes were prduced by the Chinese peple.(大约一千年后，皮革在中国被用作货币，公元806年，中国人印制了第一张纸币。)”进一步介绍货币的发展历程，中国是最早发明纸币的国家；D选项“It was still many years befre paper currency appeared in Eurpe.(许多年后纸币才在欧洲出现)”说明其他国家使用纸币比中国晚了很多年，符合语境，选项中的“paper currency”与上文“bankntes”意义一致。故选D。
16．B 17．C 18．G 19．F 20．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。
16．上文“The cmpany was frmed in 2019 and has an ffice in Israel and Belgium, and is nw expanding its peratins t the US.”(该公司成立于2019年，在以色列和比利时设有办事处，目前正在将业务扩展至美国)提出公司在拓展业务，B选项“其目标是创造可持续的肉类产品，以取代牛肉、鸡肉甚至鱼等肉类”承接上文，进一步展望其远景目标，上下文语意连贯。故选B。
17．上文“Stakehlder uses stem cells frm cattle fr the prductin f its printed beef, and the muscle tissue and fat are printed frm tw separate bi-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞来生产打印牛肉，肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水打印)介绍打印牛肉的成分构成。C选项“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验”承接上文，介绍打印牛肉中的技术细节：可以通过调配比例打印出不同风味的牛肉，上下文语意连贯，都是介绍打印牛肉相关技术。故选C。
18．下文“The cells are selected frm animals that will prvide the best meat and yield.”(这些细胞是从能提供最佳肉类和产量的动物身上挑选出来的)中出现特指的名词“The cells”，结合指代关系可知，上文中会出现该名词，G项“The prcess wrks by first selecting the animals t extract (提取) the stem cells frm.”(该过程的工作原理是首先选择要从中提取干细胞的动物)中出现“the stem cells”，与下文构成照应关系。同时，G项与下文一起介绍了使用牛的干细胞来生产打印牛肉的步骤。故选G。
19．根据上文“The cells are selected frm animals that will prvide the best meat and yield. The next step is prliferatin, in which the cells are placed int a nutrient rich reactr t multiply. When the cells reach apprpriate numbers, the stem cells change int muscle cells and fat cells.”(这些细胞选自能够提供最佳肉类和产量的动物。下一步是增殖，将细胞放入营养丰富的反应器中增殖。当细胞达到适当的数量时，干细胞会变成肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞)可知，这一段主要介绍打印牛肉的制作过程。选项F“在最后的步骤中，肌肉细胞和脂肪细胞被转化为肉，准备加工成最终产品，无论是汉堡、牛排，甚至是肉饼”和上文意思一致，其中“In the final steps”与上文“The next step”相照应。故选F。
20．根据下文“Its patent fr 3D-biprinting technlgy is the result f intensive cperatin between its 3D printing engineers and cell bilgists.”(其3D生物打印技术的专利是其3D打印工程师和细胞生物学家密切合作的结果)可知，这一段主要介绍公司取得的成绩。A选项“自成立以来，该公司已经取得了几个里程碑式的成就”是段首主题句。故选A。
21．E 22．C 23．D 24．B 25．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文，简要讲述了计算机的发展史。
21．上文“What exactly is a cmputer? That’s nt always an easy questin t answer.(计算机到底是什么？这并不总是一个容易回答的问题。)”提出了什么是计算机的问题。接下来给出了《韦伯斯特大学词典》的定义，所以这里应该是此问题的另一种解释。选项E“另一些人则认为计算机是以一种有意义的方式转换信息的东西。”正是对首句问题做的回答，且与前一句相照应，符合语境。故选E。
22．上文“Sme peple believe a simple mechanical device called an ‘abacus’ was ne f the earliest frms f a cmputer.(一些人认为，一种名为‘算盘’的简单机械设备是计算机最早的形式之一。)”提到了历史上最早的一种计算设备，选项C“古人用这种设备进行简单的计算”承接上文，句中的“the device”与上一句的“a simple mechanical device called an ‘abacus’”所指相同。故选C。
23．上文“Weighing mre than 30 tns, ENIAC tk up as much space as 1,800 square feet.(ENIAC重达30多吨，占据了1 800平方英尺的空间。)”讲述了早期计算机的重量太重，下文“While ENIAC culd perfrm 5,000 additin prblems per secnd, many f tday’s laptp cmputers weigh just a few punds and can perfrm several billin peratins per secnd.(虽然ENIAC每秒可以执行5 000个附加问题，但当今许多笔记本电脑的重量只有几磅，每秒可以执行数十亿次操作。)”讲述了如今电脑的进步之处，即运行快、体重小，所以这里说的应是现代计算机的发展。选项D“从那时起，计算机变得更小、更强大”承上启下。故选D。
24．空处是本段主题句。下文“Large desktp cmputers gave way t laptps. Laptps have develped int a wide variety f even smaller cmputing devices, such as netbks and tablet cmputers.(大型台式电脑被笔记本电脑取代。笔记本电脑已经发展成各种更小的计算设备，如上网本和平板电脑。)”说的是计算机变得越来越小。由此推断，本段主要讲述了计算机变得越来越小，选项B“今天的计算机变得越来越小”最能概括该段大意。故选B。
25．上文“Hwever, tday’s cmputer manufacturers are cnstantly prducing newer and smaller mdels at a rate t fast t keep up with.(然而，今天的计算机制造商不断地以无法匹及的速度生产更新和更小的型号。)”讲述了计算机一直在更新换代，变得越来越小。选项G“无论今天最小的计算机是什么，明天都有可能会被更小的计算机取代！”与前一句相照应，进一步说明了计算机在体积上的快速改进。故选G。
26．A 27．E 28．G 29．B 30．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了对抗暴风雨的新方法——漂浮房屋。
26．下文“rising alng with the water and ging back t its riginal psitin after the rain stpped. (随着水的上升，雨停后又回到原来的位置。)”，及第二段开头“A flating huse can be cnstructed n any shreline and is able t deal with rising seas by remaining n the tp f the water’s surface. (浮动房屋可以在任何海岸线上建造，并且能够通过留在水面顶部来应对海平面上升。)”可知，在暴雨来临时人们就登上了浮动房屋，雨停后就会回到原来的位置。A项“They then barded their flating huses (然后他们登上了他们的浮动房屋)”与上下文一致。故选A。
27．根据下文“flating hmes are fixed t the shre and are usually cnnected t the lcal sewer (污水管道) system and pwer grid.(漂浮房屋固定在岸边，通常连接到当地的下水道系统和电网。)”和“They are structurally similar t huses built n land. (它们在结构上类似于在陆地上建造的房屋。)可知，此处讲述漂浮房屋的建立，下文用陆地房屋与漂浮房屋进行比较，E项“Unlike husebat which can easily be mved and relcated (不像可以很容易地移动和重新安置的的游艇)”符合语境，说明了漂浮房屋与游艇不一样，需要固定在岸边，不移动和重新安置。故选E。
28．根据下文“Siti Belen, the Schnschip resident, says that when she first mved in, strmy weather made her think twice. “Yu feel it in yur stmach,” she says, adding that she has gtten used t the feeling. (Schnschip居民Siti Belen说，当她第一次搬进来时，暴风雨的天气让她三思。“你感受到你的胃在翻腾，”她说，并补充说她已经习惯了这种感觉。)”可知，居民Siti Belen对于暴风雨天气起初很紧张，后来逐渐习惯，因此推断空处应是讲述暴风雨中的情况，G项“Severe wind and rain, r even the passing ships, can rck the buildings (狂风暴雨，甚至是过往的船只，都会撼动建筑物)”符合上下文，故选G。
29．根据上文“Flating hmes als require extra infrastructure and wrk t cnnect t the electricity grid and sewer system. (漂浮房屋还需要额外的基础设施和工作来连接到电网和下水道系统。)可知，浮动房屋的建造需要额外基础设施的建立和额外的工作，因此需要资金投入，结合下文““If there are flds, it’s expected that many peple will mve t higher grund. But the alternative is t stay clse t castal cities and explre expansin nt the water,” says Rutger de Graaf. (“如果发生洪水，预计许多人将搬到更高的地方。但一种选择是留在沿海的城市，探索向水上扩张”Rutger de Graaf说。)”可知，如果发生洪水，人们会搬到高处，但是也可以选择探索向水上扩张，因此推断虽然浮动房屋的建造会需要大量开支，但是如果发生洪水，浮动房屋的会有益处，因此推断带来的收益可能大于开支，B项“But the benefits may utweigh the csts(浮动房屋的收益可能大于开支)”符合语境，承上启下。故选B。
30．根据下文“That’s unavidable merely half a century away. We need t start nw t increase the scale f flating develpments. (这在半个世纪之后是不可避免的。我们需要从现在开始，扩大浮动开发的规模。)”可知，that指代上文提到的事情，空处应是讲述不可避免的事情，承接上文浮动房屋是为了应对洪水爆发，海平面上升，因此推断不可避免的事情是指发生洪水，海平面上升，人们会流离失所，F项“Hundreds f millins f peple will be displaced by sea level rise(数亿人将因海平面上升而流离失所)”符合语境，下文倡导现在就需要开始漂浮房屋的研发。故选F。
31．C 32．A 33．B 34．F 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了疫情影响下家的用途的变化以及未来可能的公寓设计方向。
31．根据前句“Our hmes are n lnger single-purpse spaces. Instead they nw serve as ffices, gyms, wrkshps, classrms, etc.(我们的家不再是单一用途的空间，而是会有办公室、健身房、工作室和教室等功能。)”可知，未来的家会有在设计上的新变化。C项“N wnder architects have predicted varius advanced hme designs.(难怪许多建筑师预测了许多先进的房屋设计。)”符合语境。故选C。
32．根据前句“A better entrance will catch n.(一个更好的大门将会流行起来。)”可知，这一部分讨论的内容是大门。A项“An entrance isn’t necessarily a separate rm.(大门不一定是单独的房间。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
33．根据后句“When thughtfully designed, the dining rms can quickly alter frm dining mde t wrking mde.(经过精心设计，餐厅可以快速从用餐模式切换到工作模式。)”以及“Mrever, rm sizes culd als change t create chances fr adaptatin.(此外，房间的大小也可以改变以创造更多的适应性的机会。)”和示例中的“Fr example, a windwless alcve(壁凹)can be clsed ff with sliding glass drs.(例如，无窗壁龛可以用滑动玻璃门关闭。)”可知，这部分内容是关于房间的功能和大小的灵活性变化。B项“Mre flexible spaces will becme a trend.(更多的灵活空间会是一个趋势。)”符合语境。故选B。
34．根据本段第二句“After spending s much time indrs, having access t fresh air and nature at hme is likely t becme essential.(在室内呆了这么长时间后，能在家里接触新鲜空气和大自然变得至关重要。)”和前句“One way t prvide a clser cnnectin t nature may be with larger curtyard gardens.(一种和大自然更亲密接触的方式是拥有更大的庭院花园。)”推知，空处陈述房屋有利于接近大自然的设计。F项“Or it culd be accmplished with mre balcnies with planting areas.(或者可以用更多有种植面积的阳台来实现。)”是接触自然的另外一种方式。符合语境。故选F。
35．根据本段第一句“Advanced technlgy will be adpted.(将采用先进技术。)”和后文“Yu’ll be able t talk t the elevatr.(你可以和电梯说话。)”和“Or yur dr will unlck itself when yu cme hme(或者你回家的时候门会自己打开)”可知，这段是在讲关于新科技的使用，而使用语音指令和门自动上锁的这种高科技方式的原因就是疫情以来人们希望减少接触事物表面、对于病毒越来越觉醒的防范意识。所以选项D“There is grwing awareness f reducing tuching surfaces t avid viruses.(人们越来越意识到减少接触表面以避免感染病毒)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
36．A 37．G 38．F 39．C 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了将来人们的生活会有什么变化，分别从人口增长、计算机、工作时间、饮食和工作五个方面做了说明。
36．下文“There will be mre and mre peple in the wrld and mst f them will live lnger than tday.(世界上将会有越来越多的人，他们中的大多数将会比今天活得更长。)”指出未来人口会越来越多，空处应该引起下文，指出人口增加，A项“The ppulatin is grwing fast.(人口增长很快。)”符合，和下文是因果关系，故选A。
37．上文“Cmputers will be much smaller and mre useful, and there will be at least ne in every hme( 计算机将会变得更小更有用，每个家庭至少会有一台计算机)”指出计算机应用广泛，空处应该承接上文，继续围绕计算机进行描写，G项“And cmputer study will be ne f the imprtant subjects at schl.(计算机学习将是学校的重要课程之一。)”符合，故选G。
38．上文“They will have mre free time fr sprts, watching TV and traveling. Traveling will be much cheaper and easier.(旅行将会更加便宜和容易。)”指出旅行将会更加便宜和容易，空处应该承接上文，指出这造成的结果，即更多的人将会出国旅游，F项“And mre peple will g t ther cuntries fr travel.(更多的人会去其他国家旅游。)”符合，故选F。
39．下文“Mre land will be used t build new twns and huses. Then there will be less rm fr cws and sheep, s meat will be mre expensive. Maybe n ne will eat it every day. Instead they eat mre vegetables and fruit. (更多的土地将被用来建造新的城镇和房屋。这样牛羊的生存空间就会减少，所以肉类的价格就会上涨。也许没人会天天吃。相反，他们吃更多的蔬菜和水果。)”主要介绍了未来人们的饮食情况，C项“There will be changes in ur fd, t. (我们的食物也会发生变化。)”能概括本段内容，故选C。
40．根据下文“Because f this, many peple will nt have enugh wrk t d..(正因为如此，许多人将没有足够的工作做。)”可知，空处应该引起下文，指出造成人们没有足够工作的原因，D项“Dangerus and hard wrk will be dne by rbts.(危险和艰苦的工作将由机器人完成。)”符合，故选D。