专题02 阅读理解之说明文-5年（2019-2023）中考1年模拟英语真题分项汇编（河南专用）

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A
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
Accrding t Ken Crswell, the Sun and the Mn are different. We ften think that the Sun rules the day and the Mn rules the night. That’s kind f right, but nt ttally.
The Sun shines all the time. It shines during the day when we see it, and even at night when we dn’t.
As the Earth turns, smetimes we face the Sun. That’s when we get day. When the Earth’s spin (自转) turns us away frm the Sun and we are in the Earth’s shadw, we get night. When peple n the ppsite side f the Earth face the Sun, thse peple have day while we have night.
The Mn is a different stry. Unlike the Sun, it desn’t make its wn light. Mnlight is actually the Sun’s light reflecting(反射) the Mn back t us.
The Sun lights up nly the side f the Mn that faces the Sun. At Full Mn, the Mn is n the ppsite side f the Earth frm the Sun. Then the side f the Mn facing the Earth is all lit up. During Full Mn, the Mn rises arund sunset, shines all night, and sets arund sunrise. Since he mnlight is s bright, yu can smetimes see it during the day, t. A few days befre Full Mn, if yu lk east in the afternn, yu may see the Mn in the sky. After Full Mn, yu may find it if yu lk west in the mrning.
The Mn is mst difficult t see at New Mn, when its rbit(轨道) puts it between the Earth and the Sun. Then, the side f the Mn facing the Earth is dark and we can’t see the Mn at all.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1．What can we knw abut the Sun?
A．The Sun rules the Mn.
B．The Sun shines during bth day and night.
C．The Sun lights up all the sides f the Mn.
D．The Sun shines everywhere n the Earth at the same time.
2．Which f the fllwing in the dictinary best explains the underlined wrd “shadw” in Paragraph 3?
shadw n.
①the shape f the Earth
②the frce frm the Sun
③the dark area n the Earth
④the ppsite side f the Sun
A．①B．②C．③D．④
3．What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw the Mn makes its light.
B．Why there is day and night n the Earth.
C．Why the Mn can be seen during the day.
D．What the difference is between Full Mn and New Mn.
4．Which fllwing picture shws us New Mn?
A．B．C．D．
5．What is the theme(主题) f the text?
A．Culture.B．Science.C．Educatin.D．Technlgy.
B
（2022·河南·统考中考真题）
There’s nthing quite like falling sund asleep after a full day f wrk. Like peple, animals need t rest after wrking hard. Sme animals sleep in water. Others dig hles under the grund. Sme even sleep high in trees r under leaves. But they all find a way t rest.
Sme animals in the sea sleep in strange ways. Fish sleep with their eyes pen. They seem t lk ahead far int the sea while they rest. Sea tters smetimes sleep in beds f the plants that grw in the sea. This keeps them frm mving away. Parrtfish blw smething frm their muths when they are ready t sleep. Then a bubble (气泡) will be frmed arund them. The bubble prtects them frm harm while they sleep.
Sme animals sleep under the grund. Chipmunks (花栗鼠) sleep curled up (蜷缩) in a ball. Their beds are made f leaves and grass. In winter, they sleep fr tw weeks and wake up t eat the stred fd. Then they g back t sleep fr anther tw weeks befre waking up again. Sme desert frgs dig undergrund hles during the ht, dry seasn. A frg may stay in its hle fr mnths.
High abve the grund, mnkeys find leafy places in trees each evening befre they sleep. The tall trees help t keep mnkeys safe during the night. Sme insects even sleep under the leaf that will be their next meal. A bee may climb dwn int a flwer t rest. When it climbs ut the next mrning, it is rested and ready fr wrk.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
6．What animals blw bubbles when they sleep?
A．Sea tters.B．Mnkeys.C．Desert frgs.D．Parrtfish.
7．What d we knw abut chipmunks accrding t the text?
A．They rest with their eyes pen.
B．They never sleep curled up in a ball.
C．They wake up nw and then in winter.
D．They dn’t eat any fd during the winter.
8．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The frest where mnkeys sleep safely.
B．The animals that sleep abve the grund.
C．The reasn why bees climb dwn int flwers.
D．The ways that keep animals away frm danger.
9．What is the structure f the passage? (P-Paragraph)
A．B．C．D．
10．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Where animals live?B．Why animals mve?
C．Hw animals sleep?D．What animals feed n?
C
（2022·河南·统考中考真题）
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．Wh is the text written fr?
A．Parents.B．Students.C．Dctrs.D．Patients.
12．What are the key wrds in the 20-20-20 rule?
A．20 minutes, 20 feet, 20 times.
B．20 secnds, 20 times, 20 feet.
C．20 feet, 20 secnds, 20 minutes.
D．20 times, 20 minutes, 20 secnds.
13．Which f the fllwing best explains the meaning f the underlined sentence in the text?
A．B．C．D．
14．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The reasns fr eye tiredness.
B．The influence f nline classes.
C．The imprtance f cmputer glasses.
D．The suggestins abut eye prtectin.
15．In which part f a magazine can yu read the text?
A．Health.B．Sprts.C．Culture.D．Travel.
D
（2021·河南·统考中考真题）
Every living thing needs t reprduce. Reprducing means creating mre members f yur grup. In rder fr plants t reprduce, they have t spread their seeds (种子) t ther areas. Plants have develped all kinds f ways t d this.
The simplest way is gravity. Many seeds are inside f fruit. When a piece f fruit gets t heavy, it falls frm a tree t the grund. Smetimes animals will pick up the fruit and drp it in anther area. That helps mve the seed even farther away. Apples spread this way.
Other plants use wind t spread their seeds. Dandelins are a gd example f this. Dandelin seeds are s light that when wind blws, it carries dandelin seeds t new places. Maple (枫树) seeds als use wind. Their seeds are cnnected with lng, thin leaves that lk like wings. When the seed falls frm the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther frm the tree.
Sme animals help plants spread their seeds. The animals eat the seeds. While the seed is in the animal’s bdy, it stays whle. When the seed leaves the animal, it’s in a new place.
Ants als help spread seeds. Sme seeds have a special smell that attracts ants. The ants bring the seeds back t their hme, which f curse is undergrund. They nly eat part f the seed. They leave the rest f the seed undergrund. After that, the seed can start grwing.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
16．What des the wrd “gravity” mean in the secnd paragraph？
A．The actin that makes animals drp seeds.
B．The help that mves seeds even farther away.
C．The need that cmes frm animals and plants.
D．The frce that causes fruit t fall t the grund.
17．Hw d maples spread their seeds?
A．They use ants.B．They use wind.
C．They use smells.D．They use animals.
18．What d ants d t help spread seeds?
a. They nly eat part f the seed.
b. They help seeds fall frm the tree.
c. They carry seeds t the undergrund hme.
d. They pick up the fruit and mve it far away.
e. They leave the rest f the seed undergrund.
A．b, d, eB．a, b, dC．a, c, eD．b, c, d
19．What is the theme (主题 ) f the text?
A．Nature.B．Culture.C．Educatin.D．Technlgy.
20．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Hw Plants Spread Seeds?B．Why Animals Pick Up Seeds?
C．Hw Wind Helps Seeds Spread?D．Why Seeds Have a Special Trip?
E
（2020·河南·统考中考真题）
Cait, 11, was trying t fall asleep when her 8-year-ld brther, Dug, came int her rm. He lked arund, but seemed really ut f it. Then Dug went back int the hallway and std there lking straight up at the light. This was really strange. Cait didn’t knw what t d. Just then, Cait’s father appeared and explained Dug was sleepwalking.
Nt all sleep is the same every night. We experience sme deep, quiet sleep and sme active sleep, which is when dreams happen. Yu might think sleepwalking wuld happen during active sleep but a persn isn’t physically active during active sleep. It usually happens in the first few hurs f sleep in the perid called deep sleep.
The truth is that nt all sleepwalkers walk. Sme simply sit up r stand in bed r act like they’re awake when, in fact, they’re asleep! Mst, hwever, d get up and walk arund fr a few secnds r fr as lng as half an hur.
Sleepwalkers’ eyes are pen, but they dn’t see the same way they d when they’re awake. They tend t g back t bed n their wn and wn’t remember it in the mrning.
Yu als might have heard that sleepwalkers can get frightened if yu wake them up. That’s true, s what d yu d if yu see smene sleepwalking? Yu shuld call fr a grwn-up wh can lead the persn back t bed. And nce the sleepwalker is tucked back in bed, it’s time fr yu t get sme sleep, t!
21．What des “ut f it” mst prbably mean in Chinese?
A．茫然不觉B．心满意足C．垂头丧气D．悠然自得
22．When des sleepwalking usually happen?
A．During active sleep.B．In the first few hurs f sleep.
C．When dreams begin.D．When we're trying t fall asleep.
23．Which paragraphs tell what sleepwalkers d?
A．①②B．②③C．③④D．④⑤
24．What shuld we d if we see peple sleepwalking?
A．Wake them up.B．Walk arund with them.
C．D nthing and get yur wn sleep.D．Ask grwn-ups t lead them t bed.
25．Wh is the text written fr?
A．Teachers.B．Dctrs.C．Parents.D．Children.
F
（2019·河南·中考真题）
Thusands f years ag, Britain was cvered by thick frests, hme t many animals which n lnger live in the United Kingdm. There were wlves and bears, many different kinds f deer and large wild cws. There were less than fur millin peple. They lived in small villages prtected by wden walls frm the animals utside.
All this has changed, f curse. Nw the ppulatin f the United Kingdm has increased t sixty-five millin. Three-quarters f Britain is cvered with fields, twns r cities. Althugh 25 percent f land is cuntryside, new methds f farming mean that there are fewer birds and small animals living in fields than ever befre. The United Kingdm is ne f the few cuntries in the wrld that des nt have a large wild animal that eats meat. In Sctland there are nly 400 wildcats, but these are much smaller than wlves.
Sme peple wuld like t change things, hwever! Sme rganizatins and writers say that Britain needs t becme mre natural again. They suggest that trees and plants that grew in the UK befre twns and cities were built shuld be allwed t grw again. They even say that large wild animals which have nt lived in the UK shuld be helped t return and live wild. They call this “rewilding”.
Nt everyne agrees. In the last twenty years, ver ne millin trees which at first grew in Sctland have been planted and there are plans fr mre — but wild animals? Sme peple ask if wlves will attack sheep r even humans. They are als angry that rewilding might mean an end t walking in the hills which s many peple enjy. S far there are n wlves r bears in Britain’s frests — but sn there might be!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案
26．What was the ppulatin f the UK thusands f years ag?
A．Abut 25 millin.B．Over 65 millin.
C．Mre than 61 millin.D．Nt mre than fur millin.
27．Why are there fewer birds and small animals in fields in the UK?
A．Because mre trees have been planted.
B．Because there are mre large wild animals.
C．Because pllutin is much wrse than befre.
D．Because peple use new methds f farming.
28．Which paragraph gives pinins frm “rewilding” supprters?
A．Paragraph 1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.
29．What are sme peple against?
A．Living clser t nature.
B．Planting mre and mre trees.
C．Helping large wild animals return.
D．Building mre villages and twns.
30．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Making Britain wild again
B．A trip t wild Britain
C．An intrductin t Britain
D．Prtecting the envirnment
G
（2023·河南商丘·统考三模）
Lking ut f the windw f his truck, Bb Fitzgerald sees dying frests and empty farmland. Fitzgerald says the land has been in his family since the 17th century. “I can shw yu land arund here that peple grew tmates n when I was a little by. And nw it’s gne.”
Climate change is making things wrse. As sea levels rise, salt water is entering rivers and ther waterways. As a result, the land is becming t salty fr crps t grw n. Hundreds f millins f peple will be frced t mve inland because f rising waters.
Kate Tully, a researcher in the University f Maryland, wants t keep castal（沿海的） farmers in business as the seas rise. She has seen the frests filled with pine trees killed by the increasingly salty sil. The United States Department f Agriculture gave Tully and ther researchers $1.1 millin t study the prblem. She and her team hpe t give farmers ways t stay n their land.
They are testing different crps n pieces f land arund the Eastern Shre. “Srghum is my new favrite crp because it can grw withut rain and it can als grw with lts f rain.” The grain（谷类） crp may be a gd chice t feed the nearly 600 millin chickens kept in the area each year. As farmers knw, chickens can deal with salt, dry weather cnditins and heavy rains. Yet just being able t grw a crp is nt enugh. The crp has t bring in mney.
Sme peple believe the land shuld be given back t nature. They say the fields shuld be turned int wetlands, which are ppular with duck hunters（猎人）. “There’s mney in duck hunting,” Tully said. “Hunting rganizatins will pay farmers fr hunting n their land. Farmers culd make a lt f mney frm duck hunting.”
Tully and her team are just getting started. It will be a few years befre they really understand hw t save the farms.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
31．In Bb Fitzgerald’s neighbrhd, ________.
A．frests have been turned int farmland
B．the castal land is unfit fr farming
C．envirnmental pllutin has caused the death f frests
D．prductin f sea salt takes place f farming
32．Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By shwing an experience.
C．By making a survey.D．By studying the cause.
33．Why were Tully and ther researchers given $1.1 millin?
A．T help farmers stay n their land.B．T study new crps fr castal farmers.
C．T study climate change in recent years.D．T help farmers start their wn business.
34．What des Tully think f turning farms int places fr duck hunting?
A．She’s wrried it ges against nature.B．She thinks it’s ppular with farmers.
C．She thinks it can be a gd chice.D．She’s cncerned it will take time.
35．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Scientists Teaching Farmers t Plant CrpsB．Rising Seas Frcing Changes n Farms
C．Climate Change Making Things WrseD．Castal Farmers Saving Their Hmeland
H
（2023·河南南阳·统考二模）
In tday’s wrld f mdern science and medicine, a mre traditinal treatment is nce again becming ppular—animal friendship.
It is nw well-knwn that peple with prblems such as heart disease r cancer live lnger and get better mre quickly if they have pets. Keeping pets lwers（降低）bld pressure（压力）and makes peple less wrried. Animals are increasingly imprtant in treating lder peple wh have memry lss and ther brain prblems. These peple ften feel nervus and upset. Activities with animals help them imprve their physical cnditin and als give them jy, entertainment and lving friendship.
Here is a case that shws the benefits（好处）f animals. Jhn was a six-year-ld mute. He had n physical prblems. He just refused t talk. His lder cusin, Ned, had a parrt（鹦鹉）called Sally, and Jhn used t visit it. When he arrived, Ned used t say, “Hi, Jhn!” We all knw parrts cpy what they hear. After a few visits, Sally began saying, “Hi, Jhn!” when Jhn came int the rm. Then, ne day, Jhn turned t the parrt and replied, “Hi, Sally!” Staying with the parrt encuraged Jhn t begin talking.
Anther use f animal helpers is in schls. In sme cases, animals are used t help children with physical r persnal prblems. In ther cases, they are used t teach children t get n and share with thers, and even t teach them abut animals.
If yu want t knw mre abut animal helper prgrams, yu can get in tuch with rganizatins like Riding fr the Disabled r d a search under “animal treatment” n the Internet. Yu dn’t have t be an animal trainer r a dctr t jin in.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
36．Which is NOT mentined as an illness that animals can help with?
A．Heart disease.B．Cancer.C．Fever.D．Bld pressure.
37．What des the underlined wrd “mute” prbably mean?
A．A persn wh can nt hear.B．A persn wh des nt speak.
C．A persn wh speaks slwly.D．A persn wh enjys speaking.
38．What’s the purpse f Paragraph 3?
A．T discuss the prblems f keeping pets.
B．T describe hw t train animal helpers.
C．T intrduce sme new medical research.
D．T shw hw animals can help with illnesses.
39．Hw can animals help schl children accrding t the text?
A．They can imprve children’s memry.
B．They can make children mre ppular.
C．They can increase children’s bld pressure.
D．They can teach children t share with each ther.
40．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Be kind t animalsB．Talking t animals
C．The mst dangerus diseasesD．Get healthy with animal helpers
I
（2023·河南新乡·校联考二模）
Imagine having everything yu need—hspitals, stres, parks—just a few steps frm hme. This is the idea behind the 15-minute city. Here, peple can get all the services they need within 15 minutes frm hme. This scial mdel is being develped in cities arund the wrld, frm Paris t Mscw. It culd make peple healthier and build strnger relatinships with neighbrs.
Carls Mren is a strng supprter f the 15-minute city. He was encuraged by the need t fight against climate (气候) change. In a 15-minute city, car travel is nt the best chice. Peple shuld build mre ft rads and bike rads. Walking r biking acrss the city is f great use in cutting dwn CO2 emissins (排放).
Anne Hidalg plans t develp 15-minute cmmunities thrughut France. That means the number f parking space will be reduced t 60000 by 2024 and mre bike rads will be created n every street f the city.
This type f design des mre than gd t the planet. Je Zehnder is the planner f the city Mscw. He is develping “15-minute neighbrhds.” “Having stres clse t hmes makes peple able t eat healthier fd and live a better life.” Zehnder says.
Syra Madad is als a key persn behind the 15-minute-city plan. He wants t make these places inclusive (包容的). As a neighbrhd becmes mre cnvenient, husing csts may increase. Madad suggests trying creating mre kinds f huses, s that peple f different grups can have a chance t live there.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
41．What’s the best way t g utside in a 15-minute city?
A．By bus.B．By car.C．By taxi.D．On ft.
42．Wh is a key persn behind the 15-minute-city plan?
A．Carls Mren.B．Anne Hidalg.C．Syra Madad.D．Je Brwn.
43．Hw can we make peple f different grups have a chance t live in the 15-minute city?
A．By pening mre stres clse t hmes.B．By building mre neighbrhds.
C．By increasing the husing csts.D．By creating mre kinds f huses.
44．What’s the structure f this passage?
A．B．C．D．
45．What is the best title fr this passage?
A．The Opinins f the 15-minute CityB．The Reasn Why Peple Like the 15-minute City
C．The Time f Building a 15-minute CityD．The Way Peple Build the 15-minute City
J
（2023·河南洛阳·统考三模）
D yu find that yu learn things faster than yur parents smetimes? Cngratulatins, yu culd be right!
Scientists find that schl-aged children learn new knwledge and skills faster than grwn-ups. This has smething t d with a chemical (化学物质) called GABA in ur brains. It reduces brain nise s that we can learn things mre easily. It als makes new knwledge stay lnger in ur heads.
The scientists scans (扫描) the brains f children (8-11 years ld) and adults (18-35 years ld) befre, during, and after ding a learning task. It turns ut that when children learn new things, the amunt f GABA rises quickly. But there’s little change in adults’ brains. This tells us why children are better learners than adults.
The finding, the scientists said, shuld encurage teachers and parents t let children learn anything frm riding a bike t playing an instrument t learning times tables(乘法表) in their childhd. Peple culd als use it t help adults learn faster by increasing the amunt f GABA in their brains.
46．Hw des the writer start the text?
A．By asking a questin.B．By giving an example.
C．By ding an experiment.D．By intrducing a new chemical.
47．Why d schl-aged children learn faster?
A．Because f the schl educatin.
B．Because f the GABA in their brains.
C．Because the scientists scan and study their brains.
D．Because new knwledge stay lnger in their brains.
48．Hw many times d the scientists scan the brains f children and adults?
A．Once.B．Twice.C．Three times.D．Fur times.
49．What des the underlined wrd “reduces” mean?
A．减少B．忍受C．打开D．提升
50．Where can we find this article?
A．In a stry bk.B．In a cking bk.C．In a math bk.D．In a science bk.
K
（2023·河南开封·统考二模）
Hmewrk is a prblem fr students all ver the wrld. As a student, yu have a lt f hmewrk t d every day. It’s a imprtant part f a student’s schldays. It’s the best way t review what yu have learned in class. And it helps yu understand imprtant cncepts (概念).
Luckily, there are several things yu can d t make hmewrk les difficult. Be sure yu understand the hmewrk. Write yur hmewrk dwn in yur ntebk if yu need t. Dn’t be afraid t ask questins abut it. It’s much easier t ask the teacher during r after class than t try t remember later that night!
Use yur time at schl
Many schls have study halls. It is designed t allw students t study n their wn. It’s mre interesting t play with yur friends. But the mre hmewrk yu finish at schl, the les yu’ll have t d that night.
Take a break
It’s difficult t hld yur attentin fr t lng. S take sme breaks while ding yur hmewrk. Sitting fr t lng withut relaxing will make yu feel very tired. Taking a 15-minute break every hur is a gd idea fr mst peple.
Make a plan
If yu dn’t finish yur hmewrk at schl, think abut hw much yu have left, s yu can budget yur time. Mst students have between 1 hur and 3 hurs f hmewrk a night. If it’s a heavy hmewrk day, yu’ll need t spend mre time n it. It’s a gd idea t make a hmewrk timetable, especially when yu want t enjy sprts r ther activities.
51．The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
A．why hmewrk is hard t dB．why students shuld d hmewrk
C．hw much hmewrk students shuld dD．when students shuld d hmewrk
52．Yu shuld d the fllwing things EXCEPT _________.
A．writing yur hmewrk dwn in yur ntebk
B．trying t finish yur hmewrk at schl
C．ding hmewrk withut taking a break
D．making a plan fr yur hmewrk
53．What des the underlined wrd “budget” in the passage mean in Chinese?
A．安排B．拯救C．浪费D．杀死
54．What des the writer advises students t d if the hmewrk is heavy?
A．T d less hmewrk at night.B．T d ther activities first.
C．T take a break and d sme chres.D．T make a hmewrk timetable.
55．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A．T much hmewrk means t much pressure.
B．Students shuld learn t relax.
C．Ways t make hmewrk easier.
D．Prblems students meet when ding hmewrk.
Finally, yu finish all yur schlwrk and sit back in yur chair. Suddenly yu feel a headache and realize yur eyes are painful. What’s ging n? Dctrs say that many students are spending t much time in frnt f screens, especially during nline classes. The fllwing might be f sme help t yu.
THE 20-20-20 RULE
This gives yur eyes a break frm lng screen time. It suggests lking at smething at least 20 feet away fr 20 secnds after 20 minutes f wrk n the screen. Yu can then cntinue wrking pain free.
•Studies shw that peple blink(眨眼睛) less ften when lking at a screen. Keep yur eyes wet by blinking ften r using eye drps.
•Sit up straight abut an arm’s length(长度) away frm the screen. Make sure yu’re lking dwn at yur screen. Stand up and exercise ften t avid neck and shulder pain.
•What abut blue light blacking glasses (防蓝光眼镜)? They may lk cl, but research shws that blue light isn’t the biggest cause f eye tiredness. S ask dctrs abut cmputer glasses befre putting them n.
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