宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学2022-2023学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份宁夏石嘴山市平罗中学2022-2023学年高二下学期3月月考英语试卷(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
The first rule f ppular science is t reveal the wnder and mystery f the wrld. Fr that reasn, Sentient (Picadr), written by phtgrapher and wildlife film-maker Jackie Higgins, is my pick f the year. Accrding t my interviews with many readers, I select ther fur newly-published bks in 2022.
Delicius
This bk describes hw ur ancestrs hunted and cnsumed ancient animals such as mammths, bisn, giant camels and many mre nw-extinct species. The diet f the Clvis peples f Nrth America was a menu described as “a recrd f a lst wrld”. This bk explains hw ur dinners rbbed the wrld f s many large animals. It gives inspiratin fr hw mdern humans can be at peace with nature.
The New Climate War
In 1999, Mann published a graph shwing the rapid pst-industrial rise in glbal temperatures. Tw decades later, his bk The New Climate War remains cnvinced that we can prevent climate change. This bk sets ut a cmmn-sense apprach t carbn pricing and a revisin f the Green New Deal. Of curse, there are still many peple wh deny that climate change is even happening.
The Gedesic Dme
Physicist Kate Greene imagines that she spends fur mnths in a gedesic dme in Hawaii, with five ther peple, t mimic living in a clny n anther planet. The stry describes the future f ur Earth. Kate makes readers cherish the natural envirnment. “N sunshine n ur skin, and n fresh air in ur lungs,” Greene turns the frustratins int a mving stry.
Flrida Scrub-Jay
The birds were nce cmmn acrss the peninsula. But as develpment ver the last 100 years reduced the habitats n which the bird depends, the species became endangered. Mark Walters travels the state t reprt n the natural histry and the current situatin f Flrida’s flag ship birds. This bk can raise peple’s awareness f prtecting the birds’ habitats.
1．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a clumn jurnalist.B. He’s a scientist.
C. He’s a film-maker.D. He’s a phtgrapher.
2．Which bk might be science fictin?
A. Delicius.B. Flrida Scrub-Jay.
C. The Gedesic Dme.D. The New Climate War.
3．What d the listed bks have in cmmn?
A. They have happy endings.
B. They recrd the natural histry.
C. They face dubts frm many scientists.
D. They invlve the envirnmental prtectin.
The example f a freign teacher wh vlunteered t help fight the wildfires in Chngqing’s Beibei District with ther lcal residents has tuched many.
In the unbearable heat and drught cnditins, multiple wildfires hit parts f Chngqing. On Sunday night, a frest fire brke ut and spread in Beibei District. The lcal gvernment issued an urgent call fr vlunteers with certain skills and experience, such as chain saw（链锯）peratin, t jin in the firefighting. Chain saws were used t create fire barriers.
“I was happy t help,” said Francis Stnier, a prfessr in a university. “I used t cut trees arund my yard and neighbrhd and had vlunteered many times in the US in the past.”
Stnier fund a translatr—50-year-ld He Wu, a freign language prfessr—wh als signed up t fight fires. Sn after arriving at the vlunteer area, the pair were assigned t ne f the chain saw grups—examining and adjusting chain saws.
“Stnier is respnsible and fcused, and is ding a really gd jb,” said He, adding that Stnier checked each chain saw carefully, t see if it was t tight r t lse. “Wherever I went, the vlunteers and lcal residents gave me a big thumbs-up. It was an unfrgettable experience,” Stnier said.
Thanks t the jint effrts f fire and rescue wrkers, as well as vlunteers and residents, the scaring wildfire in Beibei had been put ut as f Thursday night.
“It was great t see such an utpuring f help in the extreme heat,” Stnier said, nting that he was impressed with the number f lcals wh came t help. Mtrcyclists gave up their jbs t transprt materials and peple up and dwn the muntains. Others gave their time t carry heavy supplies, prepare and serve meals r help rganize.
4．What caused the utbreak f the frest fire in Beibei District?
A. The extreme heat and drught.
B. The lcal area being shrt f water.
C. The existence f enugh il materials.
D. The lack f peple guarding the frest.
5．Why was Stnier accepted t participate in the firefighting?
A. He was capable f creating fire barriers.
B. He was experienced in chain saw peratin.
C. He was determined t becme a firefighter.
D. He shwed n cnsideratin fr his wn safety.
6．Which wrds can best describe Stnier?
A. Determined and creative.B. Generus and independent.
C. Devted and curageus.D. Humrus and passinate.
7．What message des the authr intend t cnvey in the last paragraph?
A. T care is t help.
B. Many hands make light wrk.
C. Dare t challenge and achieve yurself.
D. Nthing is impssible t a willing heart.
Cities are diverse ecsystems. In additin t visitrs frm the wild, such as cytes (丛林狼) in Ls Angeles r bars (野猪) in Berlin, a large number f species share ur urban areas. As ur cities spread, we need t think abut what it is like fr ther species t have human neighbrs.
Because cities are built fr humans, they d nt always prvide suitable habitats fr wildlife. Fr example, mst city parks are kept neat and tidy s that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass r plant flwers, we destry natural habitats.
Our actins smetimes help ther species. When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats, and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats. At first, peple were afraid f the bats and tried t get rid f them. Nw, they have cme t value their winged neighbrs. The bats are a turist attractin, and they eat lts f bugs every night.
There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city. The Beijing Olympic Frest Park is a gd example. The park used native plants and created pen, natural spaces fr wildlife. The result is a zne in Beijing with ver 160 species f birds. In many ways, the park is the ppsite f a z. Instead f being kept in cages, wildlife can mve abut freely.
Anther example is a 2011 prpsal fr a tall “Birdscraper” building in New Yrk. The building is intended t prtect birds and fight pllutin at the same time. It wuld be in the middle f a lake, birds wuld sit n it, and their drppings wuld fall int the water. The drppings wuld help water plants grw well and then create xygen thrugh phtsynthesis (光合作用). If we learn t share ur space, we can becme better neighbrs t the wildlife arund us. If we d nt, mre species will becme extinct and ur wn future will be endangered.
8．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A. Other species like t have human neighbrs.
B. There are many kinds f wildlife living in city areas.
C. Cytes r bars always attack cities like Ls Angeles r Berlin.
D. Peple shuld think abut their neighbrs when having visitrs.
9．Why did engineers design small gaps under the Austin bridge?
A. T get rid f the bats.
B. T make it an attractin.
C. T help ther species t live cnveniently.
D. T make it cnvenient fr bugs t g thrugh.
10．What is the 4th paragraph mainly abut?
A. The structure f wildlife z in Beijing.
B. The parks built t grw native plants.
C. The wildlife f Beijing Olympic Frest Park,
D. The structures built t attract wildlife int city.
11．Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd “drppings” in the 5th paragraph?
A. wasteB. viceC. rubbishD. appearance
Chinese astrnauts have successfully grwn rice seedlings(幼苗)abard the Tiangng space statin and this experiment may ffer key insights int hw astrnauts can grw fd t supprt lng—term space missins, experts said n Mnday. This experiment is the first t prduce the cmplete life cycle f the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a mature plant prducing new seeds.
The breakthrugh was cnducted in the Wentian space labratry, which was launched int rbit n July 24, 2022. Three astrnauts were cnducting the experiment smthly and testing the plants accrding t the plan.
“The rice seedlings are grwing very well,” said Zheng Huiqing, a researcher f the task, adding that the experiment als cntained seedlings f a small flwering plant ften used by scientists t study mutatins(变异). “The astrnauts will keep mnitring the plants, and if it is successful, they will cllect the newly prduced seeds and bring them back t Earth fr further studies,” she nted
The flwering stage is crucial fr plant reprductive develpment. “We want t investigate hw micrgravity can affect the plant flwering time and whether it is pssible t use the micrgravity envirnment t cntrl the related prcess,” she said.
Since the 1980s, China has been taking seeds f rice and ther crps t space t help them mutate and prduce higher yields nce they were planted n Earth. But grwing rice in rbit is a different challenge due t the tugh cnditins f space such as micrgravity and lack f air.
Rice has been a main fd fr astrnauts since the early days f space explratin. Freeze—dried chicken and rice was the menu fr the Apll 11 missin, which carried the first humans t land n the mn in July 1969.
“But if we want t land n and explre Mars, bringing fd frm Earth is nt enugh t prvide fr the astrnauts’ lng jurney and missin in space. We have t find a fd surce fr lng term space explratins,” Zheng added.
12．What’s the significance f Chinese recent space rice experiment?
A. It enables human beings t mve t anther planet.
B. It helps peple get a better idea f the human life cycle.
C. It inspires mre ther cuntries t d space explratins
D. It makes it pssible t carry ut lng—term space missins
13．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. The mutatin.B. The experiment.
C. The explratin.D. The space missin.
14．Why have crp seeds been brught t space since the last century?
A. T prmte genetic changes and increase crp harvest.
B. T figure ut hw t create an earth—like envirnment.
C. T study the impact f micrgravity n crp grwth.
D. T develp new crp species with strng ability t adapt.
15．Where is the text mst prbably frm?
A. A medical reprt.B. A fashin magazine.
C. A science newspaper.D. A histry bk.
二、七选五
16．5 things yu may nt knw abut Grain Rain
The traditinal Chinese lunar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Grain Rain, as the last term in spring, starts n April 20 and ends n May 4.
Grain Rain riginates frm the ld saying, "Rain brings up the grwth f hundreds f grains," which shws that this perid f rainfall is extremely imprtant fr the grwth f crps. The Grain Rain signals the end f cld weather and a rapid rise in temperature. ①_______.
Key time fr agriculture
Grain Rain brings a marked increase in temperature and rainfall and the grains grw faster and strnger. It's a key time t prtect the crps frm insect pests.
②_______
Grain Rain falls between the end f spring and the beginning f summer, with infrequent cld air mving t the suth and lingering cld air in the nrth. Frm the end f April t the beginning f May, the temperature rises much higher than it des in March. With dry sil, an unsteady atmsphere and heavy winds, wild winds and sandstrms becme mre frequent.
Drinking tea
There is an ld custm in suthern China that peple drink tea n the day f Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amin acids, ③_______. It is als said that drinking tea n this day wuld prevent bad luck.
Eating tna sinensis(香椿)
Peple in nrthern China have the traditin t eat the vegetable tna sinensis during Grain Rain. An ld Chinese saying ges” tna sinensis befre the rain is as tender as silk” . The vegetable is nutritius and can help t strengthen the immune system. ④_______.
Grain Rain Festival
The Grain Rain festival is celebrated by fishing villages in the castal areas f nrthern China. ⑤_______. The custm dates back mre than 2,000 years ag, when peple believed they wed a gd harvest t the gds, wh prtected them frm the strmy seas. Peple wuld wrship the sea and stage sacrifice rites n the Grain Rain festival, praying fr a buntiful harvest and a safe vyage fr their lved nes.
A. Sandstrms ccur
B. Spring ends
C. Grain Rain marks the start f the fishermen’s first vyage f the year
D. Here are five things that yu may nt knw abut the Grain Rain
E. It is als gd fr the stmach and skin
F. which can help t remve heat frm the bdy and is gd fr the eyes
G. which helps peple gradually develp the habit
三、完形填空（20空）
Being gd at smething and having a passin fr it are nt enugh. Success 1 fundamentally n ur view f urselves and f the 2 in ur lives.
When twelve-year-ld Jhn Wilsn walked int his chemistry class n a rainy day in 1931, he had n 3 f knwing that his life was t change 4 . The class experiment that day was t 5 hw heating a cntainer f water wuld bring air bubbling (冒泡) t the surface. 6 , the cntainer the teacher gave Wilsn t heat 7 held smething mre vlatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilsn heated it, the cntainer 8 , leaving Wilsn blinded in bth eyes.
When Wilsn returned hme frm hspital tw mnths later, his parents 9 t find a way t deal with the catastrphe(灾难) that had 10 their lives. But Wilsn did nt regard the accident as a 11 . He learned braille (盲文) quickly and cntinued his educatin at Wrcester Cllege fr the Blind. There, he nt nly did well as a student but als became a 12 public speaker.
Later, he wrked in Africa, where many peple suffered frm 13 fr lack f prper treatment. Fr him, it was ne thing t 14 his wn fate f being blind and anther t d smething in his pwer t help thse 15 . He acted n the thught and tens f millins in Africa and Asia can see because f the 16 Wilsn made t helping 17 their sight.
Wilsn received several internatinal 18 fr his great cntributins. He lst his sight but fund a 19 . He prved that it’s nt what happens t us that 20 ur lives-it’s what we make f what happens.
17．A. dependsB. hldsC. keepsD. reflects
18．A. dilemmasB. accidentsC. eventsD. steps
19．A. wayB. hpeC. planD. measure
20．A. cntinuallyB. graduallyC. gracefullyD. cmpletely
21．A. directB. shwC. advcateD. declare
22．A. TherefreB. MreverC. SmehwD. Thus
23．A. mistakenlyB. casuallyC. amazinglyD. equally
24．A. eruptedB. expldedC. emptiedD. expsed
25．A. deservedB. attemptedC. caredD. agreed
26．A. applied tB. cared frC. impressed nD. happened t
27．A. purpseB. chanceC. realityD. disaster
28．A. mtivatedB. crucialC. specificD. inncent
29．A. deafnessB. depressin
C. blindnessD. speechlessness
30．A. decideB. abandnC. reviewD. accept
31．A. in peaceB. in needC. in researchD. in charge
32．A. pininsB. adjustmentsC. cmmitmentsD. limitatins
33．A. recverB. createC. recgnizeD. discver
34．A. schlarshipsB. rewardsC. awardsD. bnuses
35．A. frtuneB. recipeC. dreamD. visin
36．A. distinguishesB. determinesC. claimsD. limits
四、短文填空
37．A prmising subject will prvide yu with knwledge and als better career ① (pprtunity).
S what subject shuld yu chse in cllege? In Octber, Shanghai Ranking Cnsultancy ② (annunce) the 2020 editin f the Best Chinese Subjects ranking.
The ranking selected the universities n the Chinese mainland, ③ ffer master’s degrees in 96 natinal first-level subjects. ④ (base) n factrs such as research prjects, awards and achievements etc, the cnsultancy evaluated the universities’ perfrmances in each subject.
⑤ (Frtunate), in terms f quantity, Zhejiang University ranked first with 59 subjects n the list, fllwed by Tsinghua and Wuhan University with 58 entries each.
There are 236 subjects frm 90 universities that ⑥ (regard) as "tp Chinese subjects". Peking University and Tsinghua University tied fr first place with 24 tp subjects. Eight subjects f Zhejiang University ranked amng the tp three, ⑦ (include) ptical engineering and civil engineering. Subjects were classified int 13 fields. Fr cmputer science and sftware engineering, Tsinghua University had the ⑧ (high) scre.
Experts pint ut that ⑨ number f subjects prvided by Chinese universities is grwing. Meanwhile, thanks ⑩ cnsistent investment (投资) int China' s higher educatin departments and prgrams like the Duble First-Class Initiative (双一流), the academic prgrams are imprving.
五、短文改错
38．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误。要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词；
2 .只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’m gladly t hear that yu are cming t Sichuan in August. Yu’ve made a wise chse t travel there. As we all knw it, Sichuan Prvince is rich in turist attractins, enjy many wrld-famus places f interest, such as Jiuzhaigu and the Dujiangyan Irrigatin(灌溉) Prject.
Jiuzhaigu is well-knwn as its beautiful lakes, f that the water is clear and lks clrful. It can excite visitrs’ imaginatin. Anther attractin is the Dujiangyan Irrigatin Prject. It is built twenty centuries ag. And it is still playing such imprtant part in irrigatin tday. Beside, the nice weather and cnvenience transprtatin there can make yur trip mre enjyable.
六、书面表达
39．假定你是李华，上周六你校组织英语俱乐部的成员去市博物馆参观了中国绘画艺术展，请写信告诉你的英国笔友Eric参观的情况，内容包括：
1.活动的时间和地点；2.展览的内容；3.你的感受。
注意：1.词数不少于100；2.可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。
Dear Eric,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
参考答案
1．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“Accrding t my interviews with many readers, I select ther fur newly-published bks in 2022.(根据我对许多读者的采访，我选择了其他四本2022年新出版的书)”可推断出，作者是一位专栏记者，故选A。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中“Physicist Kate Greene imagines that she spends fur mnths in a gedesic dme in Hawaii, with five ther peple, t mimice living in a clny n anther planet. The stry describes the future f ur Earth.(物理学家凯特·格林想象她和另外五个人在夏威夷的一个测地线圆顶中度过四个月，以模拟在另一个星球上的殖民地生活。这个故事描述了我们地球的未来)”可知，Kate描绘的世界是虚拟的，想象了地球的未来，所以只有The Gedesic Dme是科幻小说，其他都是写的现实中真实存在的场景，故选C。
3．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“It gives inspiratin fr hw mdern humans can be at peace with nature(它为现代人类如何与自然和平相处提供了灵感)”；第三段中“This bk sets ut a cmmn-sense apprach t carbn pricing and a revisin f the Green New Deal.(这本书提出了碳定价的常识性方法，并对绿色新政进行了修订)”；第四段“Kate makes readers cherish the natural envirnment.(凯特让读者珍惜自然环境)”以及最后一段“This bk can raise peple’s awareness f prtecting the birds’ habitats.(这本书可以提高人们保护鸟类栖息地的意识)”可知，所有的书都涉及到了环境保护，故选D。
4．答案：A
解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the unbearable heat and drught cnditins, multiple wildfires hit parts f Chngqing. On Sunday night, a frest fire brke ut and spread in Beibei District.(在难以忍受的高温和干旱条件下，多起野火袭击了重庆部分地区。周日晚上，北碚区发生森林火灾并蔓延。)”可知，造成北碚区发生森林火灾的原因是极端高温和干旱。故选A。
5．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The lcal gvernment issued an urgent call fr vlunteers with certain skills and experience, such as chain saw peratin, t jin in the firefighting. Chain saws were used t create fire barriers.(当地政府紧急呼吁具有一定技能和经验（如链锯操作）的志愿者加入救火。链锯被用来制造防火屏障。)”可知，政府需要有使用链锯操作经验的志愿者。根据文章第三段“I used t cut trees arund my yard and neighbrhd and had vlunteered many times in the US in the past.(我过去经常在我的院子和社区周围砍树，也曾多次在美国做志愿者。)”可知，Stnier之前有砍树的经验，而砍树是需要操作链锯的，可推测出他会使用链锯。所以Stnier可以参加救火是因为他有操作链锯的经验。故选B。
6．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段“On Sunday night, a frest fire brke ut and spread in Beibei District.(周日晚上，北碚区发生森林火灾并蔓延。)”和第三段“‘I was happy t help,’ said Francis Stnier, a prfessr in a university. ‘I used t cut trees arund my yard and neighbrhd and had vlunteered many times in the US in the past.’(“我很乐意帮忙，”一所大学的教授弗朗西斯·斯托尼尔说。)”可知，在北碚区发生森林火灾这么危险的情况下，Stnier还是乐意去帮忙，说明他是勇敢的；根据文章第五段“‘Stnier is respnsible and fcused, and is ding a really gd jb,’ said He, adding that Stnier checked each chain saw carefully, t see if it was t tight r t lse.(他说：“斯托尼尔很负责，很专注，工作做得很好。”他补充道，斯托尼尔仔细检查了每一把链锯，看看它是太紧还是太松了。)”可知，Stnier在志愿者活动期间工作非常认真负责，这说明他是全心全意来做这项工作的。C选项描述正确。故选C。
7．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘It was great t see such an utpuring f help in the extreme heat,’ Stnier said, nting that he was impressed with the number f lcals wh came t help. Mtrcyclists gave up their jbs t transprt materials and peple up and dwn the muntains. Others gave their time t carry heavy supplies, prepare and serve meals r help rganize.(史托尼尔说：“在酷热的天气下，能看到这么多人伸出援手，真是太棒了。”他还指出，前来帮忙的当地人之多给他留下了深刻印象。骑摩托车的人放弃了工作，在山上来回运送物资和人员。其他人则花时间搬运沉重的物资，准备和提供饭菜，或者帮助组织。)”可知，在这场火灾中，不同身份的人们都齐聚在一起，共同为扑灭火灾而努力。所以作者想表达的是“众人拾柴火焰高，人多力量大”这一道理。B选项“Many hands make light wrk.(众人拾柴火焰高。)”符合语境。故选B。
8．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Cities are diverse ecsystems. In additin t visitrs frm the wild, such as cytes in Ls Angeles r bars in Berlin, a large number f species share ur urban areas.”（城市是多种多样的生态系统。除了来自野外的游客，如洛杉矶的土狼或柏林的野猪，还有大量的物种共享我们的城市地区。）可知，我们从第一段可以推断出有许多种野生动物生活在城市地区。故选B。
9．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段“When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps running alng the length f its bttm. This made a gd hme fr bats, and sn the bridge was the hme f thusands f bats.”（当德克萨斯州奥斯汀的一座桥被修复时，工程师们在桥的底部增加了小缺口。这就成了蝙蝠的好家园，很快，这座桥就成了成千上万只蝙蝠的家。）可知，工程师们在奥斯汀桥下设计了小缺口，以帮助其他物种方便地生活。故选C。
10．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“There are als structures built with the aim f bringing wildlife int the city.”（还有一些建筑的目的是将野生动物引入城市。）可知，第四段主要讲述了还有一些建筑的目的是将野生动物引入城市。故选D。
11．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。根据下文“It wuld be in the middle f a lake, birds wuld sit n it, and their drppings wuld fall int the water. The drppings wuld help water plants grw well and then create xygen thrugh phtsynthesis.”（它将在湖的中央，鸟会坐在它上面，它们的drppings会落入水中。drppings可以帮助水生植物生长良好，然后通过光合作用产生氧气。）可知，drppings能帮助水生植物生长良好，可得出划线词所在的句子意为“它们的粪便会落入水中。”，粪便可以帮助水生植物生长良好，drppings和waste意思接近。故选A。
12．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Chinese astrnauts have successfully grwn rice seedlings(幼苗)abard the Tiangng space statin and this experiment may ffer key insights int hw astrnauts can grw fd t supprt lng—term space missins, experts said n Mnday.( 专家周一表示，中国宇航员已经成功地在天宫空间站上种植水稻幼苗，这一实验可能为宇航员如何种植食物以支持长期太空任务提供关键见解。)” 中国最近的太空水稻实验使执行长期太空任务成为可能，故选D。
13．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。根据第三段““The rice seedlings are grwing very well,” said Zheng Huiqing, a researcher f the task, adding that the experiment als cntained seedlings f a small flwering plant ften used by scientists t study mutatins(变异).( “水稻幼苗长得很好，”该任务的研究员郑慧琼说，他补充说，该实验还包含了一种小型开花植物的幼苗，科学家经常用它来研究突变)”可知如果实验成功，他们将收集新产生的种子，并将它们带回地球进行进一步研究。故此处的it指代实验，故选B。
14．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Since the 1980s, China has been taking seeds f rice and ther crps t space t help them mutate and prduce higher yields nce they were planted n Earth.(自20世纪80年代以来，中国一直在将水稻和其他作物的种子带到太空，帮助它们在地球上种植后发生突变，从而产生更高的产量。)”可推断自上个世纪以来农作物种子被带到太空，促进基因变化，提高作物产量。故选A。
15．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Chinese astrnauts have successfully grwn rice seedlings(幼苗)abard the Tiangng space statin and this experiment may ffer key insights int hw astrnauts can grw fd t supprt lng—term space missins, experts said n Mnday.( 专家周一表示，中国宇航员已经成功地在天宫空间站上种植水稻幼苗，这一实验可能为宇航员如何种植食物以支持长期太空任务提供关键见解。)”可知文章是关于科学的一篇报道，故选C。
16．答案：①-⑤DAFEC
解析：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了五件有关谷雨节气不为人所熟知的事情。
①根据上文“The traditinal Chinese lunar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Grain Rain, as the last term in spring, starts n April 20 and ends n May 4.(中国传统农历将一年分为24个节气。谷雨是春季的最后一个节气，从4月20日开始，到5月4日结束)”以及Grain Rain riginates frm the ld saying, ‘Rain brings up the grwth f hundreds f grains,’ which shws that this perid f rainfall is extremely imprtant fr the grwth f crps. The Grain Rain signals the end f cld weather and a rapid rise in temperature. (谷雨源于古语‘雨生百谷’，说明这一时期的降雨对农作物的生长极为重要。谷雨预示着寒冷天气的结束和气温的快速上升)”可知，文章第一二段是总的介绍谷雨节气，后文则分别介绍了在谷雨节气人们会做的一些事情，故D选项“以下是关于谷雨你可能不知道的五件事” 能在此起承上启下作用，故选D。
②根据本段内容“Grain Rain falls between the end f spring and the beginning f summer, with infrequent cld air mving t the suth and lingering cld air in the nrth. Frm the end f April t the beginning f May, the temperature rises much higher than it des in March. With dry sil, an unsteady atmsphere and heavy winds, wild winds and sandstrms becme mre frequent.(谷雨正发生在春末夏初，少见的冷空气南下，北方的冷空气徘徊。从四月底到五月初，气温的上升比三月要高得多。由于土壤干燥、大气不稳定和大风，狂风和沙尘暴变得更加频繁)”可知，该段讲述的是谷雨节气发生在四月末五月初，随着温度和气候变化，此时大风和沙尘暴天气会开始变得频繁。故A选项“沙尘暴发生”符合语境，故选A。
③根据上文“There is an ld custm in suthern China that peple drink tea n the day f Grain Rain. Spring tea during Grain Rain is rich in vitamins and amin acids,(在中国南方有一个古老的习俗，人们在谷雨这天喝茶。谷雨春茶富含维生素和氨基酸)”以及后文“It is als said that drinking tea n this day wuld prevent bad luck.(还有人说，在这一天喝茶可以辟邪)”可知，本段介绍谷雨节气喝茶的习俗，上文提到了谷雨春茶，后文则提到了喝茶的好处，且空处为一个非限制性定语从句，修饰上文Spring tea，说明喝茶的好处。故F选项“它可以帮助身体散热，对眼睛有好处”符合语境，故选F。
④根据上文“Peple in nrthern China have the traditin t eat the vegetable tna sinensis during Grain Rain. An ld Chinese saying ges ‘tna sinensis befre the rain is as tender as silk’. The vegetable is nutritius and can help t strengthen the immune system.(中国北方有在谷雨期间吃香椿的传统。中国有句古话：‘雨前香椿嫩如丝’。这种蔬菜营养丰富，有助于增强免疫系统)”可知，本段内容主要介绍谷雨节气吃香椿的习俗，最后两句介绍了香椿这种蔬菜对人体的好处。故E选项“它对胃和皮肤也有好处”符合语境，故选E。
⑤根据后文“The custm dates back mre than 2,000 years ag, when peple believed they wed a gd harvest t the gds, wh prtected them frm the strmy seas. Peple wuld wrship the sea and stage sacrifice rites n the Grain Rain festival, praying fr a buntiful harvest and a safe vyage fr their lved nes.(这一习俗可以追溯到2000多年前，当时的人们认为，在波涛汹涌的大海中，上天保佑他们获得了好收成。在谷雨节这天，人们会祭祀大海，举行祭祀仪式，祈求丰收和亲人平安远航)”可知，本段内容介绍了庆祝谷雨节气的节日，且与海边渔民航海有关。故C选项“谷雨标志着渔民们一年的第一次航行的开始”符合语境，故选C。
17．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. depends依靠；B. hlds持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合后文“fundamentally n ur view f urselves”可知，仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend n“取决于”。故选A。
18．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。A. dilemmas困境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事件；D. steps步骤。结合文章最后一句“He prved that it’s nt what happens t us that_______ur lives — it’s what we make f what happens.”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选C。
19．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法；B. hpe希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措施。根据语境及常识可知，Jhn Wilsn“无法”预知将会发生的事情。have n way f“无法……”。故选A。
20．答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. cntinually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. cmpletely完全地。根据上文“his life was t change”以及下文提到一场意外导致威尔逊失明可知，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
21．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到水面。A. direct指导；B. shw展示；C. advcate促进；D. declare宣布。根据后文“hw heating a cntainer f water wuld bring air bubbling t the surface”可知，那天的课堂实验的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到水面（水面出现气泡）。故选B。
22．答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever而且；C. Smehw不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。结合“held smething mre vlatile than water.”可知，不知怎么的（Smehw），老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
23．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。A. mistakenly错误地；B. casually随意地；C. amazingly令人惊奇地；D. equally相当地。结合上文“held smething mre vlatile than water.”可知，老师“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
24．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted爆发；B. explded爆炸；C. emptied清空；D. expsed揭露，使暴露。结合后文“leaving Wilsn blinded in bth eyes.”可知，因为容器内装的不是水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致威尔逊失明。故选B。
25．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted试图，尝试；C. cared关心，在乎； D. agreed同意。结合后文“t find a way t deal with the disaster”可知，孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。故选B。
26．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. applied t应用于；B. cared fr关心；C. impressed n给……留下印象；D. happened t发生。根据后文“their lives”可知，这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
27．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难。A. purpse目的；B. chance机会；C. reality现实；D. disaster灾难。根据上文“his parents…t find a way t deal with the catastrphe that had…their lives.”以及结合生活常识可知，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难”。故选D。
28．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成为一名积极的公众演说家。A. mtivated积极的；B. crucial至关重要的；C. specific特定的；D. inncent无辜的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教育。结合该句中的nt nly…but als…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常积极的公共演说家。故选A。
29．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depressin沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文中的“And tens f millins in Africa and Asia can see because f the … Wilsn made t preventing the…”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失明”。故选C。
30．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，尽自己的力量去帮助那些需要帮助的人是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandn抛弃；C. review审视；D. accept接受。根据上文中“But Wilsn did nt regard the accident as... He learned braille (盲文) quickly and cntinued his educatin at Wrcester Cllege fr the Blind. There, he nt nly did well as a student but als became a(n)…public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
31．答案：B
解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，尽自己的力量去帮助那些需要帮助的人是另一回事。A. in peace和平地；B. in need有困难；C. in research研究；D. in charge负责。根据后文“He acted n the thught and tens f millins in Africa and Asia can see”可知，他致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选B。
32．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他按照自己的想法采取了行动，数千万非洲和亚洲人得以重见光明，因为威尔逊承诺帮助他们恢复视力。A. pinins观点；B. adjustments调整；C. cmmitments承诺；D. limitatins限制。根据前文中的“This mved him t actin”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以预防的情况。因为他的“承诺”，很多人恢复了视力。与后文great cntributins呼应。故选C。
33．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他按照自己的想法采取了行动，数千万非洲和亚洲人得以重见光明，因为威尔逊承诺帮助他们恢复视力。A. recver恢复；B. create创造；C. recgnize识别；D. discver发现。根据上文“tens f millins in Africa and Asia can see”可知，此处指恢复视力。故选A。
34．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. schlarships奖学金；B. rewards回报；C. awards奖；D. bnuses奖金。根据后文“fr his great cntributins”可推知，因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
35．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，却也恢复了视力。A. frtune运气；B. recipe菜谱；C. dream梦想；D. visin视力。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。也就是，他虽然看不见，但是他帮助很多人恢复了视力。故选D。
36．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限制。结合第一段中的“Success…fundamentally n ur view f urselves and f the…in ur lives”可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
37．答案：pprtunities；annunced； which；Based；Frtunately； are regarded； including ；highest；the；t
解析：这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大学应该选择的专业。
①考查名词。句意：一门有前途的学科将为你提供知识和更好的职业机会。空处需填名词作宾语，pprtunity意为“机会”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用名词复数形式。故填pprtunities。
②考查动词时态。句意：10月，上海睿科咨询有限公司公布了2020年版最佳中文学科排名。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填annunced。
③考查定语从句。句意：该排行榜选择了中国大陆的大学，这些大学拥有96个国家一级学科的硕士学位。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词universities，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究项目、奖励和成就等因素，咨询公司评估了这所大学在每一学科上的表现。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词evaluated，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，be based n为固定短语，意为“以……为基础”，此处需用过去分词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Based。
⑤考查副词。句意：幸运的是，在数量上，浙江大学以59门学科排名第一，其次是清华大学和武汉大学，各有58门学科上榜。空处修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Frtunately。
⑥考查动词时态语态。句意：来自90所大学的236门学科被认为是中国的“尖子学科”。分析句子结构可知，that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，that指代universities，和regard为被动关系，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为复数名词universities，be动词用are。故填are regarded。
⑦考查非谓语动词。句意：浙江大学有8个学科进入前三，包括光学工程和土木工程。空处需填非谓语动词，Eight subjects和include为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词作状语。故填including。
⑧考查形容词最高级。句意：在计算机科学和软件工程方面，清华大学得分最高。修饰名词scre需填形容词作定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填highest。
⑨考查冠词。句意：专家指出，中国大学提供的学科数量正在增长。The number f为固定短语，意为“……的数量”。故填the。
⑩考查介词。句意：与此同时，由于对中国高等教育部门和“双一流”计划等项目的持续投资，学术项目正在改善。thanks t为固定短语，意为“幸亏，由于”。故填t。
38．答案：1.gladly→glad
2.chse→chice
3.删除it
4.enjy→enjying
5.as→fr
6.that→which
7.is→was
8.imprtant前加an
9.Beside→Besides
10.cnvenience→cnvenient
解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川省的一些旅游景点。
1.考查形容词。句意： 听说你八月份要来四川，我很高兴。此处应用形容词glad作表语，故将gladly改为glad。
2.考查名词。句意：你去那里旅行是个明智的选择。此处应用名词chice作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故将chse改为chice。
3.考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，四川省旅游景点丰富，享有许多世界著名的名胜古迹，如九寨沟和都江堰灌溉工程。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子，关系代词as作knw的宾语，it是多余的，as we all knw，意为“众所周知”，故删除it。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中有谓语is，前后无连词，enjy是非谓语动词作状语，和逻辑主语Sichuan Prvince是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故将enjy改为enjying。
5.考查固定搭配。句意：九寨沟以其美丽的湖泊而闻名，湖水清澈，色彩斑斓。此处表示“以……而闻名”为短语be well-knwn fr，be well-knwn as意为“作为……而有名”，不合句意，故将as改为fr。
6.考查定语从句。句意：九寨沟以其美丽的湖泊而闻名，湖水清澈，色彩斑斓。逗号后面是“f+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词lake指物，且关系词在从句中作f的宾语，应用which来引导，故将that改为which。
7.考查时态。句意：它建于2000年前。句子描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，主语是it，be动词应用was，故将is改为was。
8.考查冠词。句意：在今天的灌溉中，它仍然发挥着如此重要的作用。play in固定搭配，意为“在……方面发挥着重要作用”，imprtant发音是以元音音素开头，应用an，故在imprtant前加an。
9.考查副词。句意：此外，那里的好天气和便利的交通可以使你的旅行更加愉快。此处表示“此外”，应用副词besides，作状语，beside是介词，表示“在……旁边”，故将Beside改为Besides。
10.考查形容词。句意：此外，那里的好天气和便利的交通可以使你的旅行更加愉快。此处应用形容词cnvenient作定语，修饰名词transprtatin， 故将cnvenience改为cnvenient。
39．答案：
Dear Eric,
Last Saturday, the members f ur Schl English Club went t the city museum lcated in the dwntwn area f ur city t appreciate a large exhibitin f Chinese painting.
At the exhibitin, a large number f Chinese paintings were n shw, all f which are the wrks f famus Chinese painters. They are all typical Chinese paintings with nature as their main theme. Besides, we watched a vide abut the achievements we had made in the last few centuries. All the students were amazed at ur rich culture, saying that this visit was really a cultural feast.
The activity was a great success. It nt nly enriched ur life, but als helped us learn mre abut Chinese painting culture.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：本文是应用文。假定你是李华，上周六你校组织英语俱乐部的成员去市博物馆参观了中国绘画艺术展，请写信告诉你的英国笔友Eric参观的情况，内容包括：活动的时间和地点；展览的内容；你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
欣赏：appreciate→enjy
展览：exhibitin→shw
许多：a large number f→a lt f
此外：Besides→In additin
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Last Saturday, the members f ur Schl English Club went t the city museum lcated in the dwntwn area f ur city t appreciate a large exhibitin f Chinese painting.
拓展句：Last Saturday, the members f ur Schl English Club went t the city museum which is lcated in the dwntwn area f ur city t appreciate a large exhibitin f Chinese painting.
[高分句型1] At the exhibitin, a large number f Chinese paintings were n shw, all f which are the wrks f famus Chinese painters. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, we watched a vide abut the achievements we had made in the last few centuries.(运用了省略关系代词that/which引导的定语从句)