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2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市江岸区高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年湖北省武汉市江岸区高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)，共19页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Orientatin Curse Syllabus
Spring 2023 March 6 — March 31，2023
Instructr Infrmatin
Instructr Email
Julie Jnes penrientatin@fhi360.rg
Kianna Kelleher
Pamela Lhundup
Curse Overview
Descriptin
Welcme t the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram!
The purpse f this curse is t prepare yu fr nline learning.In this Orientatin Curse，we will share nline learning strategies t help yu succeed in yur future curse.Yu will als learn mre abut the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk Prgram （OPEN），including the structure f the prgram and the peple behind it.The Orientatin Curse will als intrduce yu t Canvas，the Learning Management System that is used by the new OPEN curses.We want t make sure yu have all the tls and infrmatin yu need in rder t succeed in yur curse.
Grading
This is a pass/fail curse.There are 100 pints pssible in this curse.Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.Pints are earned thrugh the cmpletin f quizzes and discussin psts.As lng as yu read all f the materials and crrectly cmplete the quizzes and discussins，yu will pass the curse.Yu may need t try quizzes mre than nce t crrectly cmplete them.Yu may als need t respnd t instructr feedback n a discussin pst befre yu can earn a grade fr the assignment.Please allw 48 hurs fr yur curse instructr t grade yur discussin psts.Assignments cmpleted ver the weekend will nt be graded until the fllwing Mnday.
Certificate
Participants wh cmplete all Orientatin Curse activities with a grade f 80% r higher will receive a certificate f participatin.
1.Where is this text prbably taken frm？ ______
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.
C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2.What can yu d if yu get 48 pints in ne quiz？ ______
A. Yu can read all the materials again.
B. Yu can respnd t instructr feedback.
C. Yu can ask fr the instructr t grade again.
D. Yu can try again until getting at least 80 pints.
3.Hw many parts is the final grade made up f？ ______
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
B
David Warren，brn in 1925，had great interest in science and engineering frm childhd，and was studying fr his amateur radi license when a Wrld War II ban n hbby radi frced him t redirect his effrts t chemistry sets.He went n t earn a the University f Sydney and a chemistry frm Imperial Cllege Lndn.He then spent three years as a science fficer at the Wmera Rcket Range，befre jining the Aernautical Research Labratries （ARL）.
In 1953，the ARL assigned him t a panel investigating tw crashed f airplanes.Warren fund his mind wandering t a device he had seen at a trade fair：the Minifn，a German device that was marketed as the first pcket recrder.The device was intended fr businessmen，but Warren began thinking hw useful it wuld be fr airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea t his bss，he shwed n enthusiasm.In 1955，he gt a new bss named Tm Keeble，t whm he prmted the idea again.Keeble tld Warren t utline specificatins fr a prttype （样机）.The ARL cntracted with Then "Tych" Mirfield，a Melburne-based instrument maker，t build the first wrking prttype，which was cmpleted in 1958.
The respnse t the prttype was depressing.Accrding t a 1998 accunt by Warren，civil authrities said that "Dr.Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes." That critical receptin might have affected the flight recrder.But Rbert Hardingham，Secretary f the Registratin Bard，happened t see the prttype n an infrmal visit t the ARL，and he was s impressed that he arranged fr Warren t fly t England t demnstrate it.
Back in Australia，the ARL assigned Warren a team t update the prttype.The ARL system itself was never patented and never went int prductin，but the British firm f S.Davall & Sns apprached the ARL fr the prductin rights.The Davall "red egg" accident recrder eventually wn a large share f the flight data recrding market.
4.What did Warren d accrding t Paragraph 1？ ______
A. He gained a the University f Sydney.
B. He shwed interest in chemistry during childhd.
C. He gave up his hbby due t a wartime ban.
D. He wrked as a science fficer at the AR
E.
5.What inspired Warren t develp his flight recrder？ ______
A. A German-designed machine fr businessmen.
B. A battery-pwered device fr airplanes.
C. The tw crashes f airplanes.
D. The science fair f the AR
E.
6.What was civil authrities' attitude tward Warren's flight recrder？ ______
A. Psitive.B. Unfavrable.C. Cntradictry.D. Unclear.
7.What d we knw abut Warren's prttype？ ______
A. It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B. It was designed by Then "Tych" Mirfield.
C. It was updated by Rbert Hardingham.
D. It was mass-prduced by a British cmpany.
C
A US man has becme the first persn in the wrld t receive a heart transplant frm a genetically mdified pig.
Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett，a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US，wh was living with heart disease.
Bennett is currently being carefully mnitred while specialists at the University f Maryland Medical Center，where the prcedure was carried ut，determine whether the transplant can keep him alive in the lng term. "It was either t die，r d this transplant.I want t live.I knw it's a sht in the dark，but it's my last chice，" said Bennett. "I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver."
While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial，pig heart valves （瓣膜） have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.
"This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.There are simply nt enugh dnr human hearts available t meet the lng list f ptential recipients，" said Bartley Griffith，the heart surgen wh perfrmed the peratin. "We are ding cautiusly，but we are als ptimistic that this first-in-the-wrld surgery will prvide an imprtant new ptin fr patients in the future."
In the dnr pig，three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig's heart were kncked ut.Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme.Finally，ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.
"This is truly a histric，mnumental step frward.While we have lng been at the frefrnt f research driving prgress tward the prmise f xentransplantatin （异种器官移植） as a practical slutin t the rgan crisis，many believed this breakthrugh wuld be well int the future，" said Bert O'Malley，president and CEO f the University f Maryland Medical Center.
8.Why did David Bennett have heart transplant surgery？ ______
A. Because it is the last way fr him t survive.
B. Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.
C. Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.
D. Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.
9.What can we knw abut the pig's full heart transplant surgery？ ______
A. It has been successful fr decades.
B. It is an ptinal methd t help the pig.
C. It can cause the heart patient t stay in bed.
D. It makes an advance in dealing with rgan crisis.
10.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase？ ______
A. a definite failure.B. a desperate attempt.
C. a great hpe.D. a wise ptin.
11.What is paragraph 6 mainly abut？ ______
A. The result f the peratin.B. The effect f the peratin.
C. The prcess f the peratin.D. The methd f the peratin.
D
If yu were t thrw，say，a banana peel ut f yur car while driving alng the mtrway，that wuld be a cmpletely harmless actin，due t the fact that it's part f a fruit--right？Actually，n.A banana peel can take up tw years t decmpse（分解），and with a third f mtrists admitting t littering while driving，that's a whle lt f waste banana peels，r much wrse.An range peel and a cigarette butt has a similar bidegrading （生物降解） term t that f a banana，but tin and aluminum （铝） cans last up t100 years；and plastic bttles last frever，as d glass bttles and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that lnger-lasting materials will serve t damage the envirnment，we can't nly measure the severity （严重） f a certain type f rubbish by its lifetime.Fr example，despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span，mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn in the UK every day.Similarly，ur regular littering here and there has caused the UK's muse ppulatin t increase by 60 millin.This suddenly isn't s mysterius when yu cnsider that since the 1960s ur annual littering has increased by an astnishing 500 percent.
It's nt a cheap habit either：UK taxpayers spent £500 millin n keeping the streets clean.S，it's nt surprising that if caught fly-tipping，yu culd face a £20，000 fine.Regardless f hw severe the punishment might seem，hwever，amng the reprted cases nly 2，000 were punished ut f 825，000，s we still have sme way t g in making sure peple bey the rules.
T take back ur beautiful cities，we need t d mre than simply nt leaving rubbish where it ught nt t be.We need t care mre abut the wrld arund us.
12.Which f the fllwing is the easiest t decmpse in the passage？ ______
A. A glass bttle.B. A plastic bag.
C. An aluminum can.D. An range peel.
13.What can we knw frm paragraph 2？ ______
A. Annual littering has increased a little in the UK since the 1960s.
B. Shrter-lasting materials will be less harmful t the envirnment.
C. Cigarette-related littering is a severe envirnmental prblem in the UK.
D. Regular littering has caused the UK's muse ppulatin t reach 60 millin.
14.Which f the fllwing can best describe the UK's punishment n littering？ ______
A. Every little helps.B. Mre haste，less speed.
C. N pain，n gain.D. A drp in the bucket.
15.What is the best title f the passage？ ______
A. Littering，a Surprisingly Big Issue.
B. Envirnment Issues，a Big Cncern.
C. Rubbish Cllectin，an Urgent Task.
D. Lng-lasting Material，a Hidden Danger.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
What Are Learning Styles？
When we say， "learning styles"，we mean different methds by which students absrb knwledge.There are many different learning styles，but five f these are represented in nline learning：
1：Reading and Writing
（ 1） ______ If s yu may be a learner whse style is Reading and Writing.Ideal assignments fr yu include reading assignments，extensive nte taking，and essays. （2） ______
2：Visual
Maybe yu prefer t watch a vide lecture.If s，yu may be a Visual learner.Visual learners prefer t see hw an activity is dne befre attempting it themselves. （3） ______ Vides are great ways in which nline learning engages visual learners.
3：Listening
If yu learn best by Listening，yu may prefer lectures and pdcasts t vides.Yu might prefer t hear the infrmatin，instead f reading it r seeing it displayed by a graph.Many nline curses ff audi lessns as pdcasts，and vide lessns als include sund，which is gd fr listening learners.
4：Interacting
If yu learn best by cperating and discussing with thers，then nline educatin has a lt t ffer!Many students believe that since a curse is nline，they wn't have the typical classrm experience. （4） ______ But in fact，nline learning has many methds，frm discussin bards and frums t grup exercises.There are many methds t engage interactive learners.
5：Hands-n
（ 5） ______ Prject-based assignments，where they design，create，r build ut prducts like lessn plans appeal t these learners.Virtual classrm exercises are als appealing，and an example f ne f the many ways hands-n learning can be invlved int an nline envirnment.
A.Maybe yu're hands-n learners.
B.Hands-n learners learn by ding.
C.They als prefer graphics ver text in lessns.
D.D yu prefer t reading material and take ntes？
E.Reading bks and writing reviews is what yu like.
F.Discussin frums that require lts f writing are als a methd.
G.Fr learner wh learn best thrugh interactin，this can be a dwnside.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.China will launch tw crews t wrk n it—Tiangng space statin this year，accrding t the China（1） ______ （man） Space Agency.
Bth crews（2） ______ （cnsist） f three astrnauts and be launched int space by Lng March 2 F carrier rckets frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center（3） ______ nrthwestern China.They are scheduled（4） ______ （wrk） at the Tiangng statin fr six mnths，（5） ______ they will cnduct spacewalks，scientific and technlgical tasks，（6） ______ educatinal lectures，accrding t the agency.
In additin，the Tiangng 6 rbtic carg spaceship will dck with Tiangng in May t transprt（7） ______ （necessity） fr the crew.
Pang Zhiha，（8） ______ expert n space explratin technlgy and a renwned writer n human space-flight，said（9） ______ （start） frm the Shenzhu XV missin，Chinese astrnauts will spend mre time n scientific experiments and technlgical tests，which （10） ______ （be） the main tasks fr Tiangng.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是校英文报记者李华，上周你校组织开展了为期一周的"劳动周"活动。请你写一篇报道，内容包括：
（1）活动目的；
（2）活动内容；
（3）你的收获。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Labur Week___________
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I sat at the breakfast table with my fur-year-ld sn，Andy，trying t ignre the ache in my stmach. "Mama，want t play？" "Nt tday，baby." I shk my head.These days I culd barely get ut f bed.I was still recvering frm an peratin.I hped fr strength and happiness.But the future seemed s hpeless.
Suddenly Andy jumped up frm his spt n the kitchen flr. "Bird!" he shuted，rushing t ur curtyard.Sure enugh，there was a white dve seated in a tree.It sat there fr a few mments，and then flew away.Strange，I'd never seen ne in ur neighbrhd befre.
When I dragged myself t the kitchen the next mrning，the dve was back.This time it was with a mate carrying sticks， "Lk，Andy，" I said，pinting t the tree. "They are ging t make a nest." The dves flew in and ut f the curtyard all week，building n tp f the tree.
Andy culd hardly cntain his excitement.Every mrning，he'd run int the kitchen and take his spt by the dr，talking t the birds while they wrked.His happiness was influential.Much as I was sad，I culdn't help but lk frward t the dves' visit t.
Then it all went wrng.The curtyard was a safe enugh spt fr a nest，but the tree is brad，thin leaves were far frm stable.One night，a strng wind blew，thrwing the dves' nest t the grund.I heard the twigs（细枝） break apart.
I examined the damage.Nthing gd ever lasted.I wuldn't blame the dves if it never came back.But they returned.They started again frm the beginning.Again，thugh，the wind destryed all their hard wrk.The next day，and the next，they started again，as if nthing had happened.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I knew I had t d smething.___________
"It wrks!The birds are back!" Andy annunced.___________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章标题Orientatin Curse Syllabus （迎新课程教学大纲）"以及Descriptin部分第一段"Welcme t the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram!（欢迎参加在线专业英语网络（OPEN）计划！）可知，本文介绍了迎新课程的相关信息，文章可能来自课程计划。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据Grading部分Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.（你必须以至少8（0分）的成绩完成所有课程活动才能通过课程）"以及"Yu may need t try quizzes mre than nce t crrectly cmplete them.（你可能需要多次尝试小测验才能正确完成）可知，如果你在测试中得了4（8分），你可以再次尝试，直到获得至少8（0分），才能通过课程。A．Yu can read all the materials again.你可以把所有的材料再读一遍；B．Yu can respnd t instructr feedback.你可以回应老师的反馈；C．Yu can ask fr the instructr t grade again.你可以要求老师重新打分；D．Yu can try again until getting at least 80 pints.你可以再试一次，直到得到至少80分。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据Grading部分Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.Pints are earned thrugh the cmpletin f quizzes and discussin psts.（你必须以至少8（0分）的成绩完成所有课程活动才能通过课程。积分可以通过完成测验和讨论帖子获得）可知，最终成绩由完成测验和讨论帖子两部分组成。故选A项。
这篇短文主要介绍了2023年春季的导向课程大纲。导向课程的目的是为了帮助学生准备在线学习，并分享在线学习策略以帮助学生在未来的课程中取得成功。课程还介绍了Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram的结构和背后的人员，并介绍了使用的学习管理系统Canvas。课程是通过完成测验和讨论帖来获得分数的，只要学生阅读所有材料并正确完成测验和讨论，就能通过课程。完成所有导向课程活动并获得80%或更高分数的参与者将获得参与证书。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的David Warren，brn in 1925，had great interest in science and engineering frm childhd，and was studying fr his amateur radi license when a Wrld War II ban n hbby radi frced him t redirect his effrts t chemistry sets.（大卫沃伦出生于1925年，从小就对科学和工程感兴趣，在攻读业余无线电执照时，第二次世界大战对业余无线电的禁令迫使他将精力转向化学设备。）可知，由于二战时期的禁令，他没办法学习自己爱好的事情，被迫放弃爱好并转而学习化学。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Warren fund his mind wandering t a device he had seen at a trade fair：the Minifn，a German device that was marketed as the first pcket recrder.The device was intended fr businessmen，but Warren began thinking hw useful it wuld be fr airplanes.（沃伦发现自己的脑海中一直浮现出一款在交易会上看到的设备：Minifn，这是一款作为第一台袖珍录音机投放市场的德国设备。这个设备是为商人设计的，但沃伦开始思考它对飞机有多有用。）可知，这台德国制造的给商人用的机器为他研发飞行记录仪提供了灵感。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第四段中的Accrding t a 1998 accunt by Warren，civil authrities said that "Dr.Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes." （根据沃伦1998年的一份报告，民政部门表示，'沃伦博士的仪器在飞机上几乎没有直接用途。'）可知，民政部门认为他的仪器对飞机几乎没有直接用途，由此可推测出，他们对他的飞行记录仪不支持。A．Psitive支持的；B．Unfavrable不赞成的；C．Cntradictry自相矛盾的；D．Unclear不清楚的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The ARL system itself was never patented and never went int prductin，but the British firm f S.Davall & Sns apprached the ARL fr the prductin rights.The Davall "red egg" accident recrder eventually wn a large share f the flight data recrding market.（ARL系统本身从未获得专利，也从未投入生产，但英国公司S.Davall & Sns向ARL寻求生产权。Davall'红蛋'事故记录仪最终赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额。）可知，英国公司S.Davall & Sns取得了沃伦飞行记录仪原型机的生产权，并且赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额，由此可推测出，是英国公司将原型机投入大批量生产的。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了大卫沃伦的学习经历和工作经历，并主要介绍了他发明飞行记录仪的过程。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett，a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US，wh was living with heart disease.（外科医生表示，对于患有心脏病的57岁美国马里兰州患者大卫•贝内特来说，实验性手术是唯一可行的选择）和第三段It was either t die，r d this transplant.I want t live.（要么死，要么做移植手术。我想活下去）可知，大卫•贝内特要做心脏移植手术是因为这是他生存的最后一条路。A．Because it is the last way fr him t survive.因为这是他最后的生存之道；B．Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.因为他是实验的志愿者；C．Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.因为转基因猪需要它；D．Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.因为起床是他期待的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial，pig heart valves （瓣膜） have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.（虽然完整的心脏移植更具争议，但猪心脏瓣膜多年来已成功用于人体移植）以及第五段This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.（这是一次突破性的手术，使我们离解决器官短缺危机又近了一步）可知，猪的心脏移植手术在处理器官危机方面取得了进步。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词后文but it's my last chice（但它是我最后的选择）以及I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.（我期待着康复后能下床）可知，大卫•贝内特说进行移植手术是自己最后的选择，他想要康复后活动，说明这是一次不顾一切的尝试，故划线词意思是"不顾一切的尝试"。A．a definite failure.绝对的失败；B．a desperate attempt.孤注一掷；C．a great hpe一个伟大的希望；D．a wise ptin.一个明智的选择。故选B。
（4）段落大意题。根据第六段In the dnr pig，three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig's heart were kncked ut.Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme.Finally，ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.（在供体猪身上，三个可能导致猪心脏报复性排斥的基因被敲除。6个负责猪心脏免疫接受的人类基因随后被插入到基因组中。最后，为了防止心脏组织在植入后过度生长，猪体内的一个基因被移除）可知，第六段的主要内容是手术过程。故选C。
这篇短文主要写了美国一名男子成为世界上第一个接受基因改造猪心移植手术的人。手术医生表示，这种实验性的手术是这位来自美国马里兰州的57岁患者David Bennett唯一的选择，因为他患有心脏病。目前，Bennett正在接受密切监测，医生们正在确定这种移植手术是否能够长期维持他的生命。虽然全心脏移植手术更具争议性，但猪心脏瓣膜多年来已成功用于人体替代。这次手术被认为是突破性的，为解决器官短缺危机迈出了一步。在供体猪身上，删除了三个会导致猪心脏被排斥的基因，并将六个负责免疫接受猪心脏的人类基因插入基因组中。最后，删除了猪身上的一个基因，以防止植入后心脏组织过度生长。这一突破被认为是历史性的，将为未来的患者提供重要的新选择。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。由文章第一段A banana peel can take up tw years t decmpse…An range peel and a cigarette butt has a similar bidegrading term t that f a banana，but tin and aluminum cans last up t100 years；and plastic bttles last frever，as d glass bttles and plastic bags.（香蕉皮需要两年的时间才能分解……橙子皮和烟蒂的生物降解与香蕉相似，但锡罐和铝罐可达100年；塑料瓶可以永久保存，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，橙子皮和香蕉皮相似，需要2年可以分解，铝罐需要100年才可以分解，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和塑料瓶一样，可以永久保存，因此橘子皮是最容易分解的。故选D项。
（2）C.细节理解题。由文章第二段despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span，mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn in the UK every day.（尽管生物降解时间很短，但英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟相关的垃圾被丢弃。）可知，英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟相关的垃圾被丢弃，C选项"Cigarette-related littering is a severe envirnmental prblem in the UK（在英国，与香烟相关的乱扔垃圾是一个严重的环境问题）"符合文意。故选C项。
（3）D.推理判断题。由文章第三段Regardless f hw severe the punishment might seem，hwever，amng the reprted cases nly 2，000 were punished ut f 825，000，s we still have sme way t g in making sure peple bey the rules.（然而，不管处罚看起来有多严厉，在报告的82.5万起案件中，只有2000起受到了处罚，因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面，我们还有一段路要走。）可知，在报告的82.5万起案件中，只有2000起受到了处罚，说明处罚的力度不够强。D选项"A drp in the bucket （九牛一毛）"符合文意。故选D项。
（4）A.标题归纳题。由文章第一段If yu were t thrw，say，a banana peel ut f yur car while driving alng the mtrway，that wuld be a cmpletely harmless actin，due t the fact that it's part f a fruit，right？Actually，n.（如果你在高速公路上开车时从车里扔出一个香蕉皮，那将是一个完全无害的行为，因为它是水果的一部分，对吧？事实上，不是）及最后一段T take back ur beautiful cities，we need t d mre than simply nt leaving rubbish where it ught nt t be.We need t care mre abut the wrld arund us.（为了夺回我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该留在的地方。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界）可知，本文主要讲乱扔垃圾是一个大问题，这种行为造成的影响不容忽视，因此我们不能乱扔。A项"乱扔垃圾，一个令人惊讶的大问题"可以作为本文标题。故选A项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的垃圾降解需要的时间不同，以此来号召人们合法扔垃圾。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、G、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后句If s yu may be a learner whse style is Reading and Writing（如果是这样的话，你可能是一个以读和写为模式的学习者），可知D项"你喜欢阅读材料和做笔记吗"可以引出后句，构成问答关系，s代指prefer t reading material and take ntes。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句Ideal assignments fr yu include reading assignments，extensive nte taking，and essays（对你来说，理想的作业包括阅读作业、大量笔记和随笔），可知F项"需要大量写作的讨论论坛也是一种方法"可以承接前句，介绍了理想的作业包括阅读作业、大量笔记和随笔以及需要大量写作的讨论论坛。故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句根据本段小标题"2.Visual（2.视觉）"可知，本段主要介绍的是视觉学习模式。前文"Visual learners prefer t see hw an activity is dne befre attempting it themselves.（视觉学习者更喜欢在自己尝试之前先看看一项活动是如何完成的。）"讲述了视觉学习者喜欢的学习方式，空处应是介绍其他视觉学习者喜欢的方式，C项"他们在课堂上也更喜欢图形而不是文本。"符合题意，且选项中的They指代前文的Visual learners。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句Many students believe that since a curse is nline，they wn't have the typical classrm experience（许多学生认为，由于课程是在线的，他们不会有一般的课堂体验），可知G项"对于那些通过互动学习得最好的学习者来说，这可能是一个不利因素"可以承接前句，构成因果搞关系，因为学生在在线课程中不会有传统的课堂互动，所以会影响互动学习者的进步。故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据小标题Hands-n（实践）；以及后句Prject-based assignments，where they design，create，r build ut prducts like lessn plans appeal t these learners（基于项目的作业，他们设计、创建或构建课程计划等产品，吸引了这些学习者），可知B项"实践性学习者通过做来学习"符合语境，介绍的是实践性学习模式。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，作者介绍了五种在线学习的模式。
这个题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有帮助。
21~35.【答案】
【解析】
36.【答案】【小题1】Manned
【小题2】will cnsist
【小题3】in
【小题4】t wrk
【小题5】where
【小题6】and
【小题7】necessities
【小题8】an
【小题9】starting
【小题10】is
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：据中国载人航天署消息，中国今年将发射两名航天员到天宫空间站工作。此处用形容词"Manned有人控制的"构成专有名词the China Manned Space Agency"中国载人航天署"，专有名词开头字母要大写，故填Manned。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：两组宇航员将由三名宇航员组成，由长征2号F运载火箭从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射到太空。根据"China will launch tw crews t wrk n it"，可知描述将来的事情，所以用一般将来时态，故填will cnsist。
（3）考查介词。句意：两组宇航员将由三名宇航员组成，由长征2号F运载火箭从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射到太空。表示"在中国西北部"，用介词in，故填in。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。be scheduled t d sth."被计划做某事"，为固定搭配，故填t wrk。
（5）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。先行词为Tiangng statin，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
（6）考查连词。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。前后是并列关系，所以用and连接，故填and。
（7）考查可数名词的复数。句意：此外，天宫6号无人货运飞船将于5月与天宫对接，为宇航员运送必需品。作动词的宾语，所以用名词necessity，表示"必需品"，常用名词复数，故填necessities。
（8）考查冠词。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，expert是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（9）考查现在分词。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。start和句子主语Chinese astrnauts之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填starting。
（10）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语which指代前面句子，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了中国今年将发射两组宇航员前往天宫空间站工作，以及他们工作的内容、补给以及未来要执行的任务。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Labur WeekLast week ur schl carried ut a Labur Week activity，which aims t raise the students' awareness f the significance f labur and aruse ur passin fr labur.【高分句型一】（活动目的）
The activity lasted fr ne week.Firstly，ur schl rganized us students t wrk in the nearby farm.The tasks invlved planting trees，weeding，and watering vegetables.What's mre，we were asked t participate in sme vluntary wrk after class，such as helping the elderly d the cleaning.Besides，we shared husewrk with ur parents，relieving their burden.【高分句型二】（活动内容）
Thrugh this activity，we have nt nly realized the value f labur but als learned t respect all laburers.Meanwhile，ur physical health has been greatly imprved.（作者的收获）
【解析】高分句型一：Last week ur schl carried ut a Labur Week activity，which aims t raise the students' awareness f the significance f labur and aruse ur passin fr labur.
翻译：上周，我们学校开展了劳动周活动，旨在提高学生对劳动重要性的认识，激发我们对劳动的热情。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Besides，we shared husewrk with ur parents，relieving their burden.
翻译：此外，我们和父母分担家务，减轻他们的负担。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语relieving their burden作状语。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】I knew I had t d smething.The dves prvided brightness during my dark days.Nw it was time t help them in return.I cut a piece f hardware clth，frming it int the shape f a nest and then fixing the ends.I then hammered it int the wall next t the tree.After I finished all the wrk，there was nly an hur befre the dves usually made its visit.Andy and I std by the dr，waiting and hping.（作者决定帮助它们建窝，建好之后作者和儿子便等待鸽子的造访）
"It wrks!The birds are back!" Andy annunced.Hearing his excited vice，I lked up.【高分句型一】There they were，circling near the nest，trying t add sme twigs t their new hme.A few weeks later，three babies brke free frm their shells. "Chirp，chirp，" Andy sang.I held ne f the baby bird in my arms and kissed it，enjying the happiness f the mment.【高分句型二】Hearing them chirp，I felt the grayness within my heart disappear，replaced by the strength f life. （鸽子重新回到这里，为自己的新窝添些树枝，并且很快生了一窝宝宝，作者在这种幸福氛围下将手术留下的阴霾一扫而光）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者手术后在家养伤期间感觉无力和悲伤，儿子安迪发现一只鸽子在自家院子的树上，接下来的日子里这只鸽子和自己的配偶在树上建窝，大风一次次破坏它们的工程，但它们并没有放弃，而是一次次重新来过。鸽子的到来给作者带来了快乐，所以她决定做点什么来帮助它们。
高分句型一：Hearing his excited vice，I lked up.
译文：听到他激动的声音，我抬起头来。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Hearing his excited vice作状语。
高分句型二：I held ne f the baby bird in my arms and kissed it，enjying the happiness f the mment.
译文：我把一只小鸟抱在怀里亲吻它，享受着这一刻的快乐。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语enjying the happiness f the mment作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Orientatin Curse Syllabus
Spring 2023 March 6 — March 31，2023
Instructr Infrmatin
Instructr Email
Julie Jnes penrientatin@fhi360.rg
Kianna Kelleher
Pamela Lhundup
Curse Overview
Descriptin
Welcme t the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram!
The purpse f this curse is t prepare yu fr nline learning.In this Orientatin Curse，we will share nline learning strategies t help yu succeed in yur future curse.Yu will als learn mre abut the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk Prgram （OPEN），including the structure f the prgram and the peple behind it.The Orientatin Curse will als intrduce yu t Canvas，the Learning Management System that is used by the new OPEN curses.We want t make sure yu have all the tls and infrmatin yu need in rder t succeed in yur curse.
Grading
This is a pass/fail curse.There are 100 pints pssible in this curse.Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.Pints are earned thrugh the cmpletin f quizzes and discussin psts.As lng as yu read all f the materials and crrectly cmplete the quizzes and discussins，yu will pass the curse.Yu may need t try quizzes mre than nce t crrectly cmplete them.Yu may als need t respnd t instructr feedback n a discussin pst befre yu can earn a grade fr the assignment.Please allw 48 hurs fr yur curse instructr t grade yur discussin psts.Assignments cmpleted ver the weekend will nt be graded until the fllwing Mnday.
Certificate
Participants wh cmplete all Orientatin Curse activities with a grade f 80% r higher will receive a certificate f participatin.
1.Where is this text prbably taken frm？ ______
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.
C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2.What can yu d if yu get 48 pints in ne quiz？ ______
A. Yu can read all the materials again.
B. Yu can respnd t instructr feedback.
C. Yu can ask fr the instructr t grade again.
D. Yu can try again until getting at least 80 pints.
3.Hw many parts is the final grade made up f？ ______
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
B
David Warren，brn in 1925，had great interest in science and engineering frm childhd，and was studying fr his amateur radi license when a Wrld War II ban n hbby radi frced him t redirect his effrts t chemistry sets.He went n t earn a the University f Sydney and a chemistry frm Imperial Cllege Lndn.He then spent three years as a science fficer at the Wmera Rcket Range，befre jining the Aernautical Research Labratries （ARL）.
In 1953，the ARL assigned him t a panel investigating tw crashed f airplanes.Warren fund his mind wandering t a device he had seen at a trade fair：the Minifn，a German device that was marketed as the first pcket recrder.The device was intended fr businessmen，but Warren began thinking hw useful it wuld be fr airplanes.
But when Warren described his new idea t his bss，he shwed n enthusiasm.In 1955，he gt a new bss named Tm Keeble，t whm he prmted the idea again.Keeble tld Warren t utline specificatins fr a prttype （样机）.The ARL cntracted with Then "Tych" Mirfield，a Melburne-based instrument maker，t build the first wrking prttype，which was cmpleted in 1958.
The respnse t the prttype was depressing.Accrding t a 1998 accunt by Warren，civil authrities said that "Dr.Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes." That critical receptin might have affected the flight recrder.But Rbert Hardingham，Secretary f the Registratin Bard，happened t see the prttype n an infrmal visit t the ARL，and he was s impressed that he arranged fr Warren t fly t England t demnstrate it.
Back in Australia，the ARL assigned Warren a team t update the prttype.The ARL system itself was never patented and never went int prductin，but the British firm f S.Davall & Sns apprached the ARL fr the prductin rights.The Davall "red egg" accident recrder eventually wn a large share f the flight data recrding market.
4.What did Warren d accrding t Paragraph 1？ ______
A. He gained a the University f Sydney.
B. He shwed interest in chemistry during childhd.
C. He gave up his hbby due t a wartime ban.
D. He wrked as a science fficer at the AR
E.
5.What inspired Warren t develp his flight recrder？ ______
A. A German-designed machine fr businessmen.
B. A battery-pwered device fr airplanes.
C. The tw crashes f airplanes.
D. The science fair f the AR
E.
6.What was civil authrities' attitude tward Warren's flight recrder？ ______
A. Psitive.B. Unfavrable.C. Cntradictry.D. Unclear.
7.What d we knw abut Warren's prttype？ ______
A. It was patented by the ARL in 1958.
B. It was designed by Then "Tych" Mirfield.
C. It was updated by Rbert Hardingham.
D. It was mass-prduced by a British cmpany.
C
A US man has becme the first persn in the wrld t receive a heart transplant frm a genetically mdified pig.
Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett，a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US，wh was living with heart disease.
Bennett is currently being carefully mnitred while specialists at the University f Maryland Medical Center，where the prcedure was carried ut，determine whether the transplant can keep him alive in the lng term. "It was either t die，r d this transplant.I want t live.I knw it's a sht in the dark，but it's my last chice，" said Bennett. "I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver."
While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial，pig heart valves （瓣膜） have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.
"This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.There are simply nt enugh dnr human hearts available t meet the lng list f ptential recipients，" said Bartley Griffith，the heart surgen wh perfrmed the peratin. "We are ding cautiusly，but we are als ptimistic that this first-in-the-wrld surgery will prvide an imprtant new ptin fr patients in the future."
In the dnr pig，three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig's heart were kncked ut.Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme.Finally，ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.
"This is truly a histric，mnumental step frward.While we have lng been at the frefrnt f research driving prgress tward the prmise f xentransplantatin （异种器官移植） as a practical slutin t the rgan crisis，many believed this breakthrugh wuld be well int the future，" said Bert O'Malley，president and CEO f the University f Maryland Medical Center.
8.Why did David Bennett have heart transplant surgery？ ______
A. Because it is the last way fr him t survive.
B. Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.
C. Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.
D. Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.
9.What can we knw abut the pig's full heart transplant surgery？ ______
A. It has been successful fr decades.
B. It is an ptinal methd t help the pig.
C. It can cause the heart patient t stay in bed.
D. It makes an advance in dealing with rgan crisis.
10.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined phrase？ ______
A. a definite failure.B. a desperate attempt.
C. a great hpe.D. a wise ptin.
11.What is paragraph 6 mainly abut？ ______
A. The result f the peratin.B. The effect f the peratin.
C. The prcess f the peratin.D. The methd f the peratin.
D
If yu were t thrw，say，a banana peel ut f yur car while driving alng the mtrway，that wuld be a cmpletely harmless actin，due t the fact that it's part f a fruit--right？Actually，n.A banana peel can take up tw years t decmpse（分解），and with a third f mtrists admitting t littering while driving，that's a whle lt f waste banana peels，r much wrse.An range peel and a cigarette butt has a similar bidegrading （生物降解） term t that f a banana，but tin and aluminum （铝） cans last up t100 years；and plastic bttles last frever，as d glass bttles and plastic bags.
Despite the fact that lnger-lasting materials will serve t damage the envirnment，we can't nly measure the severity （严重） f a certain type f rubbish by its lifetime.Fr example，despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span，mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn in the UK every day.Similarly，ur regular littering here and there has caused the UK's muse ppulatin t increase by 60 millin.This suddenly isn't s mysterius when yu cnsider that since the 1960s ur annual littering has increased by an astnishing 500 percent.
It's nt a cheap habit either：UK taxpayers spent £500 millin n keeping the streets clean.S，it's nt surprising that if caught fly-tipping，yu culd face a £20，000 fine.Regardless f hw severe the punishment might seem，hwever，amng the reprted cases nly 2，000 were punished ut f 825，000，s we still have sme way t g in making sure peple bey the rules.
T take back ur beautiful cities，we need t d mre than simply nt leaving rubbish where it ught nt t be.We need t care mre abut the wrld arund us.
12.Which f the fllwing is the easiest t decmpse in the passage？ ______
A. A glass bttle.B. A plastic bag.
C. An aluminum can.D. An range peel.
13.What can we knw frm paragraph 2？ ______
A. Annual littering has increased a little in the UK since the 1960s.
B. Shrter-lasting materials will be less harmful t the envirnment.
C. Cigarette-related littering is a severe envirnmental prblem in the UK.
D. Regular littering has caused the UK's muse ppulatin t reach 60 millin.
14.Which f the fllwing can best describe the UK's punishment n littering？ ______
A. Every little helps.B. Mre haste，less speed.
C. N pain，n gain.D. A drp in the bucket.
15.What is the best title f the passage？ ______
A. Littering，a Surprisingly Big Issue.
B. Envirnment Issues，a Big Cncern.
C. Rubbish Cllectin，an Urgent Task.
D. Lng-lasting Material，a Hidden Danger.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
What Are Learning Styles？
When we say， "learning styles"，we mean different methds by which students absrb knwledge.There are many different learning styles，but five f these are represented in nline learning：
1：Reading and Writing
（ 1） ______ If s yu may be a learner whse style is Reading and Writing.Ideal assignments fr yu include reading assignments，extensive nte taking，and essays. （2） ______
2：Visual
Maybe yu prefer t watch a vide lecture.If s，yu may be a Visual learner.Visual learners prefer t see hw an activity is dne befre attempting it themselves. （3） ______ Vides are great ways in which nline learning engages visual learners.
3：Listening
If yu learn best by Listening，yu may prefer lectures and pdcasts t vides.Yu might prefer t hear the infrmatin，instead f reading it r seeing it displayed by a graph.Many nline curses ff audi lessns as pdcasts，and vide lessns als include sund，which is gd fr listening learners.
4：Interacting
If yu learn best by cperating and discussing with thers，then nline educatin has a lt t ffer!Many students believe that since a curse is nline，they wn't have the typical classrm experience. （4） ______ But in fact，nline learning has many methds，frm discussin bards and frums t grup exercises.There are many methds t engage interactive learners.
5：Hands-n
（ 5） ______ Prject-based assignments，where they design，create，r build ut prducts like lessn plans appeal t these learners.Virtual classrm exercises are als appealing，and an example f ne f the many ways hands-n learning can be invlved int an nline envirnment.
A.Maybe yu're hands-n learners.
B.Hands-n learners learn by ding.
C.They als prefer graphics ver text in lessns.
D.D yu prefer t reading material and take ntes？
E.Reading bks and writing reviews is what yu like.
F.Discussin frums that require lts f writing are als a methd.
G.Fr learner wh learn best thrugh interactin，this can be a dwnside.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.China will launch tw crews t wrk n it—Tiangng space statin this year，accrding t the China（1） ______ （man） Space Agency.
Bth crews（2） ______ （cnsist） f three astrnauts and be launched int space by Lng March 2 F carrier rckets frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center（3） ______ nrthwestern China.They are scheduled（4） ______ （wrk） at the Tiangng statin fr six mnths，（5） ______ they will cnduct spacewalks，scientific and technlgical tasks，（6） ______ educatinal lectures，accrding t the agency.
In additin，the Tiangng 6 rbtic carg spaceship will dck with Tiangng in May t transprt（7） ______ （necessity） fr the crew.
Pang Zhiha，（8） ______ expert n space explratin technlgy and a renwned writer n human space-flight，said（9） ______ （start） frm the Shenzhu XV missin，Chinese astrnauts will spend mre time n scientific experiments and technlgical tests，which （10） ______ （be） the main tasks fr Tiangng.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是校英文报记者李华，上周你校组织开展了为期一周的"劳动周"活动。请你写一篇报道，内容包括：
（1）活动目的；
（2）活动内容；
（3）你的收获。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Labur Week___________
38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I sat at the breakfast table with my fur-year-ld sn，Andy，trying t ignre the ache in my stmach. "Mama，want t play？" "Nt tday，baby." I shk my head.These days I culd barely get ut f bed.I was still recvering frm an peratin.I hped fr strength and happiness.But the future seemed s hpeless.
Suddenly Andy jumped up frm his spt n the kitchen flr. "Bird!" he shuted，rushing t ur curtyard.Sure enugh，there was a white dve seated in a tree.It sat there fr a few mments，and then flew away.Strange，I'd never seen ne in ur neighbrhd befre.
When I dragged myself t the kitchen the next mrning，the dve was back.This time it was with a mate carrying sticks， "Lk，Andy，" I said，pinting t the tree. "They are ging t make a nest." The dves flew in and ut f the curtyard all week，building n tp f the tree.
Andy culd hardly cntain his excitement.Every mrning，he'd run int the kitchen and take his spt by the dr，talking t the birds while they wrked.His happiness was influential.Much as I was sad，I culdn't help but lk frward t the dves' visit t.
Then it all went wrng.The curtyard was a safe enugh spt fr a nest，but the tree is brad，thin leaves were far frm stable.One night，a strng wind blew，thrwing the dves' nest t the grund.I heard the twigs（细枝） break apart.
I examined the damage.Nthing gd ever lasted.I wuldn't blame the dves if it never came back.But they returned.They started again frm the beginning.Again，thugh，the wind destryed all their hard wrk.The next day，and the next，they started again，as if nthing had happened.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I knew I had t d smething.___________
"It wrks!The birds are back!" Andy annunced.___________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、D、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章标题Orientatin Curse Syllabus （迎新课程教学大纲）"以及Descriptin部分第一段"Welcme t the Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram!（欢迎参加在线专业英语网络（OPEN）计划！）可知，本文介绍了迎新课程的相关信息，文章可能来自课程计划。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。根据Grading部分Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.（你必须以至少8（0分）的成绩完成所有课程活动才能通过课程）"以及"Yu may need t try quizzes mre than nce t crrectly cmplete them.（你可能需要多次尝试小测验才能正确完成）可知，如果你在测试中得了4（8分），你可以再次尝试，直到获得至少8（0分），才能通过课程。A．Yu can read all the materials again.你可以把所有的材料再读一遍；B．Yu can respnd t instructr feedback.你可以回应老师的反馈；C．Yu can ask fr the instructr t grade again.你可以要求老师重新打分；D．Yu can try again until getting at least 80 pints.你可以再试一次，直到得到至少80分。故选D项。
（3）细节理解题。根据Grading部分Yu must cmplete all curse activities with a scre f at least 80 in rder t pass the curse.Pints are earned thrugh the cmpletin f quizzes and discussin psts.（你必须以至少8（0分）的成绩完成所有课程活动才能通过课程。积分可以通过完成测验和讨论帖子获得）可知，最终成绩由完成测验和讨论帖子两部分组成。故选A项。
这篇短文主要介绍了2023年春季的导向课程大纲。导向课程的目的是为了帮助学生准备在线学习，并分享在线学习策略以帮助学生在未来的课程中取得成功。课程还介绍了Online Prfessinal English Netwrk （OPEN） Prgram的结构和背后的人员，并介绍了使用的学习管理系统Canvas。课程是通过完成测验和讨论帖来获得分数的，只要学生阅读所有材料并正确完成测验和讨论，就能通过课程。完成所有导向课程活动并获得80%或更高分数的参与者将获得参与证书。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】C、A、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的David Warren，brn in 1925，had great interest in science and engineering frm childhd，and was studying fr his amateur radi license when a Wrld War II ban n hbby radi frced him t redirect his effrts t chemistry sets.（大卫沃伦出生于1925年，从小就对科学和工程感兴趣，在攻读业余无线电执照时，第二次世界大战对业余无线电的禁令迫使他将精力转向化学设备。）可知，由于二战时期的禁令，他没办法学习自己爱好的事情，被迫放弃爱好并转而学习化学。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中的Warren fund his mind wandering t a device he had seen at a trade fair：the Minifn，a German device that was marketed as the first pcket recrder.The device was intended fr businessmen，but Warren began thinking hw useful it wuld be fr airplanes.（沃伦发现自己的脑海中一直浮现出一款在交易会上看到的设备：Minifn，这是一款作为第一台袖珍录音机投放市场的德国设备。这个设备是为商人设计的，但沃伦开始思考它对飞机有多有用。）可知，这台德国制造的给商人用的机器为他研发飞行记录仪提供了灵感。故选A。
（3）观点态度题。根据第四段中的Accrding t a 1998 accunt by Warren，civil authrities said that "Dr.Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes." （根据沃伦1998年的一份报告，民政部门表示，'沃伦博士的仪器在飞机上几乎没有直接用途。'）可知，民政部门认为他的仪器对飞机几乎没有直接用途，由此可推测出，他们对他的飞行记录仪不支持。A．Psitive支持的；B．Unfavrable不赞成的；C．Cntradictry自相矛盾的；D．Unclear不清楚的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The ARL system itself was never patented and never went int prductin，but the British firm f S.Davall & Sns apprached the ARL fr the prductin rights.The Davall "red egg" accident recrder eventually wn a large share f the flight data recrding market.（ARL系统本身从未获得专利，也从未投入生产，但英国公司S.Davall & Sns向ARL寻求生产权。Davall'红蛋'事故记录仪最终赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额。）可知，英国公司S.Davall & Sns取得了沃伦飞行记录仪原型机的生产权，并且赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额，由此可推测出，是英国公司将原型机投入大批量生产的。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了大卫沃伦的学习经历和工作经历，并主要介绍了他发明飞行记录仪的过程。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Surgens say the experimental prcedures was the nly available ptin fr the patient David Bennett，a 57-year-ld frm Maryland in the US，wh was living with heart disease.（外科医生表示，对于患有心脏病的57岁美国马里兰州患者大卫•贝内特来说，实验性手术是唯一可行的选择）和第三段It was either t die，r d this transplant.I want t live.（要么死，要么做移植手术。我想活下去）可知，大卫•贝内特要做心脏移植手术是因为这是他生存的最后一条路。A．Because it is the last way fr him t survive.因为这是他最后的生存之道；B．Because he is the vlunteer f the experiment.因为他是实验的志愿者；C．Because the genetically mdified pig needs him.因为转基因猪需要它；D．Because getting ut f bed is what he expects.因为起床是他期待的。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段While full heart transplants are mre cntrversial，pig heart valves （瓣膜） have been successfully used fr replacements in humans fr years.（虽然完整的心脏移植更具争议，但猪心脏瓣膜多年来已成功用于人体移植）以及第五段This was a breakthrugh surgery and brings us ne step clser t slving the rgan shrtage crisis.（这是一次突破性的手术，使我们离解决器官短缺危机又近了一步）可知，猪的心脏移植手术在处理器官危机方面取得了进步。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词后文but it's my last chice（但它是我最后的选择）以及I lk frward t getting ut f bed after I recver.（我期待着康复后能下床）可知，大卫•贝内特说进行移植手术是自己最后的选择，他想要康复后活动，说明这是一次不顾一切的尝试，故划线词意思是"不顾一切的尝试"。A．a definite failure.绝对的失败；B．a desperate attempt.孤注一掷；C．a great hpe一个伟大的希望；D．a wise ptin.一个明智的选择。故选B。
（4）段落大意题。根据第六段In the dnr pig，three genes that wuld have led t the repaid rejectin f the pig's heart were kncked ut.Six human genes respnsible fr immune acceptance f the pig heart were then inserted int the genme.Finally，ne gene in the pig was remved t prevent excessive grwth f the heart tissue nce it had been implanted.（在供体猪身上，三个可能导致猪心脏报复性排斥的基因被敲除。6个负责猪心脏免疫接受的人类基因随后被插入到基因组中。最后，为了防止心脏组织在植入后过度生长，猪体内的一个基因被移除）可知，第六段的主要内容是手术过程。故选C。
这篇短文主要写了美国一名男子成为世界上第一个接受基因改造猪心移植手术的人。手术医生表示，这种实验性的手术是这位来自美国马里兰州的57岁患者David Bennett唯一的选择，因为他患有心脏病。目前，Bennett正在接受密切监测，医生们正在确定这种移植手术是否能够长期维持他的生命。虽然全心脏移植手术更具争议性，但猪心脏瓣膜多年来已成功用于人体替代。这次手术被认为是突破性的，为解决器官短缺危机迈出了一步。在供体猪身上，删除了三个会导致猪心脏被排斥的基因，并将六个负责免疫接受猪心脏的人类基因插入基因组中。最后，删除了猪身上的一个基因，以防止植入后心脏组织过度生长。这一突破被认为是历史性的，将为未来的患者提供重要的新选择。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】D、C、D、A
【解析】（1）D.细节理解题。由文章第一段A banana peel can take up tw years t decmpse…An range peel and a cigarette butt has a similar bidegrading term t that f a banana，but tin and aluminum cans last up t100 years；and plastic bttles last frever，as d glass bttles and plastic bags.（香蕉皮需要两年的时间才能分解……橙子皮和烟蒂的生物降解与香蕉相似，但锡罐和铝罐可达100年；塑料瓶可以永久保存，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也是如此。）可知，橙子皮和香蕉皮相似，需要2年可以分解，铝罐需要100年才可以分解，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和塑料瓶一样，可以永久保存，因此橘子皮是最容易分解的。故选D项。
（2）C.细节理解题。由文章第二段despite having a fairly shrt bidegrading span，mre than 120 tns f cigarette-related litter is thrwn in the UK every day.（尽管生物降解时间很短，但英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟相关的垃圾被丢弃。）可知，英国每天仍有超过120吨与香烟相关的垃圾被丢弃，C选项"Cigarette-related littering is a severe envirnmental prblem in the UK（在英国，与香烟相关的乱扔垃圾是一个严重的环境问题）"符合文意。故选C项。
（3）D.推理判断题。由文章第三段Regardless f hw severe the punishment might seem，hwever，amng the reprted cases nly 2，000 were punished ut f 825，000，s we still have sme way t g in making sure peple bey the rules.（然而，不管处罚看起来有多严厉，在报告的82.5万起案件中，只有2000起受到了处罚，因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面，我们还有一段路要走。）可知，在报告的82.5万起案件中，只有2000起受到了处罚，说明处罚的力度不够强。D选项"A drp in the bucket （九牛一毛）"符合文意。故选D项。
（4）A.标题归纳题。由文章第一段If yu were t thrw，say，a banana peel ut f yur car while driving alng the mtrway，that wuld be a cmpletely harmless actin，due t the fact that it's part f a fruit，right？Actually，n.（如果你在高速公路上开车时从车里扔出一个香蕉皮，那将是一个完全无害的行为，因为它是水果的一部分，对吧？事实上，不是）及最后一段T take back ur beautiful cities，we need t d mre than simply nt leaving rubbish where it ught nt t be.We need t care mre abut the wrld arund us.（为了夺回我们美丽的城市，我们需要做的不仅仅是不把垃圾留在不该留在的地方。我们需要更多地关心我们周围的世界）可知，本文主要讲乱扔垃圾是一个大问题，这种行为造成的影响不容忽视，因此我们不能乱扔。A项"乱扔垃圾，一个令人惊讶的大问题"可以作为本文标题。故选A项。
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的垃圾降解需要的时间不同，以此来号召人们合法扔垃圾。
做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
16~20.【答案】D、F、C、G、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据后句If s yu may be a learner whse style is Reading and Writing（如果是这样的话，你可能是一个以读和写为模式的学习者），可知D项"你喜欢阅读材料和做笔记吗"可以引出后句，构成问答关系，s代指prefer t reading material and take ntes。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据前句Ideal assignments fr yu include reading assignments，extensive nte taking，and essays（对你来说，理想的作业包括阅读作业、大量笔记和随笔），可知F项"需要大量写作的讨论论坛也是一种方法"可以承接前句，介绍了理想的作业包括阅读作业、大量笔记和随笔以及需要大量写作的讨论论坛。故选F。
（3）推理判断题。根据前句根据本段小标题"2.Visual（2.视觉）"可知，本段主要介绍的是视觉学习模式。前文"Visual learners prefer t see hw an activity is dne befre attempting it themselves.（视觉学习者更喜欢在自己尝试之前先看看一项活动是如何完成的。）"讲述了视觉学习者喜欢的学习方式，空处应是介绍其他视觉学习者喜欢的方式，C项"他们在课堂上也更喜欢图形而不是文本。"符合题意，且选项中的They指代前文的Visual learners。故选C。
（4）推理判断题。根据前句Many students believe that since a curse is nline，they wn't have the typical classrm experience（许多学生认为，由于课程是在线的，他们不会有一般的课堂体验），可知G项"对于那些通过互动学习得最好的学习者来说，这可能是一个不利因素"可以承接前句，构成因果搞关系，因为学生在在线课程中不会有传统的课堂互动，所以会影响互动学习者的进步。故选G。
（5）推理判断题。根据小标题Hands-n（实践）；以及后句Prject-based assignments，where they design，create，r build ut prducts like lessn plans appeal t these learners（基于项目的作业，他们设计、创建或构建课程计划等产品，吸引了这些学习者），可知B项"实践性学习者通过做来学习"符合语境，介绍的是实践性学习模式。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，作者介绍了五种在线学习的模式。
这个题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有帮助。
21~35.【答案】
【解析】
36.【答案】【小题1】Manned
【小题2】will cnsist
【小题3】in
【小题4】t wrk
【小题5】where
【小题6】and
【小题7】necessities
【小题8】an
【小题9】starting
【小题10】is
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：据中国载人航天署消息，中国今年将发射两名航天员到天宫空间站工作。此处用形容词"Manned有人控制的"构成专有名词the China Manned Space Agency"中国载人航天署"，专有名词开头字母要大写，故填Manned。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：两组宇航员将由三名宇航员组成，由长征2号F运载火箭从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射到太空。根据"China will launch tw crews t wrk n it"，可知描述将来的事情，所以用一般将来时态，故填will cnsist。
（3）考查介词。句意：两组宇航员将由三名宇航员组成，由长征2号F运载火箭从中国西北部的酒泉卫星发射中心发射到太空。表示"在中国西北部"，用介词in，故填in。
（4）考查动词不定式。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。be scheduled t d sth."被计划做某事"，为固定搭配，故填t wrk。
（5）考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。先行词为Tiangng statin，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
（6）考查连词。句意：据该机构称，他们计划在天宫空间站工作六个月，在那里他们将进行太空行走，科学和技术任务，以及教育讲座。前后是并列关系，所以用and连接，故填and。
（7）考查可数名词的复数。句意：此外，天宫6号无人货运飞船将于5月与天宫对接，为宇航员运送必需品。作动词的宾语，所以用名词necessity，表示"必需品"，常用名词复数，故填necessities。
（8）考查冠词。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，expert是以元音音素开头的，故填an。
（9）考查现在分词。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。start和句子主语Chinese astrnauts之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填starting。
（10）考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：空间探索技术专家、著名载人航天作家庞志浩表示，从神舟15号任务开始，中国宇航员将把更多的时间花在科学实验和技术测试上，这是天宫的主要任务。描述现状，所以用一般现在时态，主语which指代前面句子，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填is。
这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了中国今年将发射两组宇航员前往天宫空间站工作，以及他们工作的内容、补给以及未来要执行的任务。
做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】Labur WeekLast week ur schl carried ut a Labur Week activity，which aims t raise the students' awareness f the significance f labur and aruse ur passin fr labur.【高分句型一】（活动目的）
The activity lasted fr ne week.Firstly，ur schl rganized us students t wrk in the nearby farm.The tasks invlved planting trees，weeding，and watering vegetables.What's mre，we were asked t participate in sme vluntary wrk after class，such as helping the elderly d the cleaning.Besides，we shared husewrk with ur parents，relieving their burden.【高分句型二】（活动内容）
Thrugh this activity，we have nt nly realized the value f labur but als learned t respect all laburers.Meanwhile，ur physical health has been greatly imprved.（作者的收获）
【解析】高分句型一：Last week ur schl carried ut a Labur Week activity，which aims t raise the students' awareness f the significance f labur and aruse ur passin fr labur.
翻译：上周，我们学校开展了劳动周活动，旨在提高学生对劳动重要性的认识，激发我们对劳动的热情。
分析：本句运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
高分句型二：Besides，we shared husewrk with ur parents，relieving their burden.
翻译：此外，我们和父母分担家务，减轻他们的负担。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语relieving their burden作状语。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。
38.【答案】I knew I had t d smething.The dves prvided brightness during my dark days.Nw it was time t help them in return.I cut a piece f hardware clth，frming it int the shape f a nest and then fixing the ends.I then hammered it int the wall next t the tree.After I finished all the wrk，there was nly an hur befre the dves usually made its visit.Andy and I std by the dr，waiting and hping.（作者决定帮助它们建窝，建好之后作者和儿子便等待鸽子的造访）
"It wrks!The birds are back!" Andy annunced.Hearing his excited vice，I lked up.【高分句型一】There they were，circling near the nest，trying t add sme twigs t their new hme.A few weeks later，three babies brke free frm their shells. "Chirp，chirp，" Andy sang.I held ne f the baby bird in my arms and kissed it，enjying the happiness f the mment.【高分句型二】Hearing them chirp，I felt the grayness within my heart disappear，replaced by the strength f life. （鸽子重新回到这里，为自己的新窝添些树枝，并且很快生了一窝宝宝，作者在这种幸福氛围下将手术留下的阴霾一扫而光）
【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述了作者手术后在家养伤期间感觉无力和悲伤，儿子安迪发现一只鸽子在自家院子的树上，接下来的日子里这只鸽子和自己的配偶在树上建窝，大风一次次破坏它们的工程，但它们并没有放弃，而是一次次重新来过。鸽子的到来给作者带来了快乐，所以她决定做点什么来帮助它们。
高分句型一：Hearing his excited vice，I lked up.
译文：听到他激动的声音，我抬起头来。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语Hearing his excited vice作状语。
高分句型二：I held ne f the baby bird in my arms and kissed it，enjying the happiness f the mment.
译文：我把一只小鸟抱在怀里亲吻它，享受着这一刻的快乐。
分析：这句话使用了现在分词短语enjying the happiness f the mment作状语。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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