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所属成套资源:2022-2023学年全国部分省,市,县,区高一(下)期末英语真题试卷合集(含详细答案解析)
2022-2023学年山东省枣庄市高一(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年山东省枣庄市高一(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析),共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解,阅读七选五,完形填空,语法填空,句子翻译,书面表达等内容,欢迎下载使用。
一、阅读理解:本大题共15小题,共37.5分。
A
UK Music Festivals
Summer in the UK is traditinally the time when peple g n hlidays.It is als the time fr utdr music festivals.Let's lk at sme f the mst famus nes.
• Glastnbury Festival
The Glastnbury Festival first started in 1970,and is ften seen as the standard t judge ther festivals by.It takes place n a farm in the suth-west f England ver 3 days,and visitrs camp in the fields arund the site.
• Reading Festival
While Glastnbury tries t keep an air f peace and lve,the Reading Festival is a nisier,mre aggressive weekend.It is much easier t attend as it is in the centre f the city f Reading.Althugh yu can camp,yu can als g just fr the day.Up t 55,000 peple are expected t attend n the weekend f the August Bank Hliday,and tp British acts such as Franz Ferdinand and The Kaiser Chiefs will entertain the crwds.
• Creamfields Festival
If yu prefer huse music t rck,then Creamfields is prbably the place fr yu.Since 1998,this festival f dance music has taken place in Liverpl,als n the final weekend f August,but nly fr ne day,s there is n need t bring yur tent.Instead,just enjy a bgie t tp DJs and live acts.
• Knebwrth Festival
Knebwrth is a huge manr huse and the festival takes place in the gardens.It first tk place in 1974,and since then acts such as The Rlling Stnes,Queen,Eltn Jhn and Paul McCartney have all featured.
S,whatever yur tastes in music,there is a festival taking place in England t suit yu.Just dn't frget t pack yur raincat.
1.What is special abut the Reading Festival? ______
A. The lng histry.B. Varieties f music.
C. Cnvenient lcatin.D. Peaceful atmsphere.
2.Which festival suits peple wh enjy huse music? ______
A. Glastnbury Festival.B. Reading Festival.
C. Creamfields Festival.D. Knebwrth Festival.
3.What d the listed festivals have in cmmn? ______
A. Yu need t camp.B. They take place utdrs.
C. They're held at weekends.D. They feature ppular music.
B
Nieves left Puert Ric when she was 18,after spending years feeling trapped n the island.She finished her educatin at University f Pennsylvania and Oxfrd.While living in the mainland United States,she realized that she didn't have a sense f cmmunity.S she decided t return hme,just a few mnths befre Hurricane Maria made landfall.
After the wrst f the hurricane was ver,Nieves and her neighbrs were in rugh shape.Like mst f the island's twns and cities,there was n electricity,n running water,and n cell phne service.Peple in Mariana knew that because f their islated lcatin,it wuld take days fr gvernment aid t reach them,s they tk matters int their wn hands.
Nieves and her partner decided t start a cmmunity kitchen.They gt permissin t use an industrial kitchen space.Finding fd and cks was a little bit harder than they expected,at least at first.Immediately after the hurricane,it was difficult r impssible t call anyne,s they had t g dr t dr t cntact peple.Nieves ended up with a small team f lcal residents wh had been hit hard by the strm,but still wanted t help.Peple cntributed whatever they culd,frm beans t vegetables t bags f rice.Yung peple brught ht fd t elderly neighbrs.By the end f the week,the cmmunity kitchen was feeding 300 peple every day.Even mre imprtantly,everyne had a jb t d.
Still,Nieves hpes that the lessns her cmmunity learned after Maria will help ther twns in the future. "We believe that this is a mdel,r at least in sme aspect,that every cmmunity needs t have if they're ging t survive.Cmmunities are ur best chance at adapting.Tgether we might be able t create mre," she said.
4.What made Nieves decide t g back hme? ______
A. Her lack f a sense f cmmunity.
B. The hurricane in her hmetwn.
C. Her feeling f being trapped.
D. Her wish t get further educatin.
5.What did the peple in Mariana d after hurricane Maria? ______
A. They did nthing but wait fr help.
B. They delivered fd dr t dr.
C. They dnated all t help thers.
D. They tried t help themselves.
6.Why did Nieves start the cmmunity kitchen? ______
A. T raise mney fr lcal charities.
B. T set a mdel fr cmmunity wrk.
C. T prvide fd fr the needy.
D. T ffer jbs fr lcal peple.
7.What lessn can we learn frm Nieve's wrds? ______
A. Actins speaks luder than wrds.
B. Many hands make light wrk.
C. While there is life,there is hpe.
D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C
Last Nvember,China's Yutu-2 lunar rver sptted smething curius n the far side f the mn.The image was unclear,but it was unmistakable.The bject lked like a cube sitting n the mn's surface,lking t precise t be just a mn rck—perhaps smething left by visiting aliens (外星人) like the mnlith in Arthur C.Clarke's "2001:A Space Odyssey."
When the image was published in early December,it immediately attracted attentin frm the media and space fans arund the wrld,and sparked heated debates.Sme Chinese nline users n Weib cmpared it t the Guanghan Palace,where the gddess f the mn lives accrding t ancient Chinese mythlgy.China's space authrities called it the "mystery hut",while thers called it the "mn cube".
Yutu-2 was sent fr a clser lk,and at the leisurely speed the rver is capable f traveling,it tk weeks t get up clse.On Friday,Our Space,a Chinese language science channel f China Natinal Space Administratin,psted an update.There is n mnlith,n secret base near a lunar crater.Clse up,it turns ut t be just a rck.The seemingly perfect gemetric (几何形) shape was just a trick f angle,light and shadw.
Althugh the mystery hut was nt a hut at all,ne f the rver's remte drivers n Earth pinted ut that the rck kind f resembled a rabbit,and ne f the stnes in frnt f it lked a bit like a carrt.That's fitting as the rver's name means "Jade Rabbit".The rver has nw driven just ver 1,000 meters since it arrived three years ag n the mn's far side,in Vn Karman crater,as part f the Chang'e-4 missin.
8.When first published,the image was thught impssible t be ______ .
A. a mn rckB. a mnlithC. a secret baseD. a mystery hut
9.What was Yutu-2 rver sent t d? ______
A. T explre the Guanghan Palace.
B. T find ut what the image was.
C. T prve the experts' guessing.
D. T lk fr mysterius Jade Rabbit.
10.What is the cause f the gemetric shape? ______
A. The Chinese flk tales.
B. The Yutu2's wrng psitin.
C. The rugh surface f the mn.
D. The effect f angle,light and shadw.
11.Which is the mst suitable title fr the text? ______
A. A New Scientific Research.B. Yutu-2 Rver's Missin.
C. The Slutin f a Mystery.D. The Secret f the Mn.
D
We are what we eat.Frm high-calrie meals t lw-fat lunches,much f ur health depends n what we eat.We all knw abut the benefits f eating prperly fr ur physical health,but fd—and cking it—is prving t be gd fr ur mental well-being as well.
Sme peple are nw advcating the therapy value f cking fd.It's nt just abut the end result but the experience we g thrugh.Dr Mark Salter tld BBC: "Baking and cking are gd therapies that help develp planning skills,shrt-term memry and scial skills-all f which suffer in mental illness."
TV chef and authr Nadiya Hussain agrees that cking is great fr helping ur mind.She lves t bake and became the champin f the TV shw,The Great British Bake Off . "Baking has always been abut therapy.It's never really been abut the cake",she said.And she thinks that baking is an imprtant tl fr ur scializatin and mental health.
Certainly,creating delicius fd has helped take ur mind ff things and given us smething t d.Peple have said that preparing dugh t make bread,fr example,has given them a sense f calm and cntrl.Research has shwn that ding creative tasks,like cking,makes us feel happier.Nicle Farmer,wh studies hw fd impacts ur bilgy,behaviur and mental health,tld BBC nline that "cking represents the shared human experience f fd,and nurturing peple thrugh fd,s I think that's where it brings us an pprtunity fr immediate psitive emtins."
Of curse,cking can be a very sciable activity and sharing the end result,a rewarding experience.Hpefully,as we start t mix with friends and family again,we can enjy the benefits nce mre and put us all in the right frame f mind.
12.What is the text mainly abut? ______
A. Cking benefiting mental health.
B. Different pinins n cking.
C. Benefits f fd fr physical health.
D. An authr's cking experience.
13.What des Dr Mark Salter talk abut? ______
A. The therapy value f cking.B. The enjyment f cking.
C. The types f mental disease.D. The physical benefits f fd.
14.What d the underlined wrds "the cake" refer t in Paragraph 3? ______
A. Fd quality.B. The end result.C. The TV shw.D. The champin.
15.What des Nicle Farmer mean abut cking? ______
A. It is a sciable activity.B. It gives us delicius fd.
C. It is the prcess f creatin.D. It results in a pleasant feeling.
二、阅读七选五:本大题共5小题,共12.5分。
We all knw that hnesty is an imprtant value,and that lying is wrng.(1) ______ Researchers find that we tell n average fur lies every day r almst 1,500 every year.
( 2) ______ If peple tell lies t make thers feel better and wn't bring any negative effect,we call them white lies.On cntrary t white lies,which refers t well-intentined lies,black lies are tld t deceive smene else fr their wn advantage.N dubt that black lies are harmful,but nt white lies.
Lies are ften tied in with self-prtectin.(3) ______ If they feel that they might be hurt,they immediately begin t lie.Als,we all have ur wn privacy.Maybe parts f the privacy are embarrassing and shameful and we wuld nt like t give them all ut.S we tell lies t prtect urselves.
On sme ccasins,it is necessary t tell lies t avid hurting thers' feelings,particularly when the truth is t miserable t accept.If we tell the truth,peple will get hurt.(4) ______ Of curse,it's Ok t tell lies t make them feel better.
Anyhw,we shuld always keep in mind that hnesty is the best plicy.As a rule,we shuld try ur best t tell the truth and d all times.If there were n lies,culd the wrld be better?I dn't think s.(5) ______
A.Tell the truth r lie?
B.Telling lies is mrally wrng.
C.Hwever,we all lie and lie all the times.
D.Fr mst f us,it is an escape frm reality.
E.Lies can be divided int black lies and white lies.
F.Peple always care abut hw thers think f them.
G.If well-intended,it's acceptable t tell a little white lie.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空:本大题共15小题,共15分。
Carie Brecker is a lifelng animal lver.She used t wrk in(a)n(1) ______ rescue rganizatin in Pacific Grve,Califrnia,fr 12 years.She(2) ______ her elderly friend Alice several years ag.After Alice develped emphysema(肺气肿),Brecker(3) ______ her dg,Savannah,while she stayed in the hspital.
In her final days,Alice was always(4) ______ abut what wuld happen t her dg.Brecker prmised she wuld find her a gd hme fr Savannah.After the wman's(5) ______ ,Brecker adpted Savannah herself.
This experience(6) ______ Brecker.She decided t(7) ______ a dg rescue nnprfit,Peace f Mind Dg Rescue,t care fr dgs(8) ______ t peple wh were dying(9) ______ ging int assisted living centers.
She asked a frmer clleague,Mnica Rua,t wrk with her.Rua(10) ______ t help and suggested they als take in (11) ______ dgs frm shelters,which aren't(12) ______ as ften as yunger nes.Since it was funded,the nnprfit has helped 2,000 senir citizens and fund(13) ______ fr nearly 3,000 dgs.
"Smetimes a persn's nly(14) ______ f lve is their pet," says Carie. "S anything we can d t(15) ______ an wner and his dg tgether is meaningful."
21.A. elderlyB. familyC. animalD. children
22.A. savedB. lvedC. turnedD. met
23.A. cared frB. put upC. lked frD. picked up
24.A. curiusB. wrriedC. happyD. satisfied
25.A. deathB. recveryC. peratinD. prmise
26.A. upsetB. inspiredC. shckedD. changed
27.A. jinB. shareC. serveD. pen
28.A. stickingB. leadingC. belngingD. attaching
29.A. sB. rC. andD. but
30.A. agreedB. refusedC. wishedD. intended
31.A. hmelessB. weakC. disabledD. senir
32.A. bughtB. sldC. treatedD. adpted
33.A. partnersB. charitiesC. hmesD. masters
34.A. memberB. surceC. chanceD. supprt
35.A. keepB. feedC. attendD. adapt
四、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
36.It is just 70 years since the first (1) ______ (climber) gt t the tp f Munt Qmlangma.On May 29th,1953,Edmund Hillary frm New Zealand,and Tenzing Nrgay frm Nepal finally (2) ______ (reach) the wrld's highest peak fr the first time inhuman histry.During the past 70 years,thusands f men and wmen have tried t get t the tp,(3) ______ nly 4,469 have made their dreams cme true.
Climbing Munt Qmlangma is the mst dangerus sprt in the wrld.The climbers have(4) ______ (face) sudden snw strms,avalanches and sme ther terrible weather cnditins.The (5) ______ (high) they climb,the mre difficulties they will meet.On the way (6) ______ the tp they may lse their lives at any time.IT (7) ______ (reprt) that mre than 300 climbers had t live there frever.In May,1960,a Chinese muntaineering team reached the summit frm the nrth ridge and shwed ur (8) ______ (natin) flag n the tp t the wrld fr the first time.
Once smene asked why peple never stpped(9) ______ (try) t reach the tp. "I dn't think climbing the highest muntain nly means danger r death.It is really (10) ______ chance t challenge.Yu can really understand the lve f nature and the true meaning f life," a reprter f CCTV answered.
五、句子翻译:本大题共5小题,共15分。
37.对他的行为我感到失望,于是把一切都说给了我最好的朋友。(汉译英) ______
38.如Ryan所言,我们不仅需要捐钱,还要拿出些新想法。(汉译英) ______
39.像3 D印刷这样的新发明已用于人们的日常生活。(汉译英) ______
40.我们发现难以弄清楚他们在哪里。(figure ut)(汉译英) ______
41.查看一下邮件,你或许会找到一些有用的东西。(lk thrugh)(汉译英) ______
六、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
42.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Bryan Andersn was driving his Pntiac t wrk.He saw an ld lady stpping at the side f the rad.She lked wrried.Bryan knew immediately that she needed help.S he stpped near her expensive car and gt ut.
Bryan smiled,as he was appraching the ld lady.But she still lked wrried.Nbdy had stpped t help her fr hurs.Mrever,he didn't lk safe,as his appearance was s pr and shabby.He culd see hw frightened she was.S he tried t calm her: "Dn't wrry.I'm here t help yu.My name is Bryan Andersn."
The tire (轮胎) was flat.He had t crawl under the car t change the tire.He gt dirty and had his hands hurt.When the wrk was dne,the ld lady asked hw much she wed him fr his help.Bryan just smiled and said: "If yu really want t pay me back,the next time yu see smene wh needs help,give that persn the needed assistance.Just think f me!"
In the same evening,the lady had her meal in a small cafe.The place lked a little dirty.Then she saw a waitress,nearly eight mnths with a baby,wiping her wet hair with a twel.The waitress had a sweet friendly smile,thugh she had wrked hard the whle day.The ld lady thught f Bryan.She knew what she culd d t help her.
注意:
(1)续写的词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She finished her meal and paid with a ne-hundred-dllar bill.
_______
That night the waitress cane hme earlier.
_______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、C、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据Reading Festival中It is much easier t attend as it is in the centre f the city f Reading.(因为它位于雷丁市的中心,所以参加起来要容易得多。)可知,雷丁音乐节的特别之处是它的地理位置便利。故选C项。
(2)细节理解题。根据Creamfields Festival中If yu prefer huse music t rck,then Creamfields is prbably the place fr yu.(如果你更喜欢大众舞曲而不是摇滚,那么Creamfields可能是适合你的地方。)可知,Creamfields节日更适合喜欢大众舞曲的人。故选C项。
(3)推理判断题。根据文章中对各个音乐节的介绍以及第一段Summer in the UK is traditinally the time when peple g n hlidays.It is als the time fr utdr music festivals.(英国的夏天传统上是人们去度假的时候。这也是户外音乐节的时间。)可知,文章列出的音乐节的共同之处是它们都在户外进行。A.Yu need t camp.你需要露营;B.They take place utdrs.它们在户外进行;C.They're held at weekends.他们在周末举行;D.They feature ppular music.它们以流行音乐为特色。故选B项。
这篇短文主要介绍了英国夏季的音乐节。其中包括了一些著名的音乐节,如格拉斯顿伯里音乐节、雷丁音乐节、克里姆菲尔兹音乐节和克尼布沃思音乐节。格拉斯顿伯里音乐节是英国最有名的音乐节之一,持续三天,参观者可以在周围的田地上露营。雷丁音乐节则更加嘈杂和激烈,位于雷丁市中心,参观者可以选择露营或者只去一天。克里姆菲尔兹音乐节是一场以电子音乐为主的音乐节,只持续一天,无需带帐篷。克尼布沃思音乐节则是在庄园花园举行的音乐节,历史悠久,吸引了许多知名艺人的参与。无论你对什么类型的音乐感兴趣,英国都有适合你的音乐节。只是别忘了带上雨衣。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、D、C、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段While living in the mainland United States,she realized that she didn't have a sense f cmmunity.S she decided t return hme,just a few mnths befre Hurricane Maria made landfall.(在美国大陆生活时,她意识到自己没有社区意识。所以她决定回家,就在飓风玛丽亚登陆前几个月)可知,缺乏社区意识让尼夫斯决定回家。故选A。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段Peple in Mariana knew that because f their islated lcatin,it wuld take days fr gvernment aid t reach them,s they tk matters int their wn hands.(马里亚纳的人们知道,由于他们的孤立位置,政府的援助需要几天才能到达他们手中,所以他们自己动手)可知,玛丽亚飓风过后,马里亚纳的人们试图帮助他们自己。故选D。
(3)推理判断题。根据第三段Immediately after the hurricane,it was difficult r impssible t call anyne,s they had t g dr t dr t cntact peple.Nieves ended up with a small team f lcal residents wh had been hit hard by the strm,but still wanted t help.Peple cntributed whatever they culd,frm beans t vegetables t bags f rice.Yung peple brught ht fd t elderly neighbrs.By the end f the week,the cmmunity kitchen was feeding 300 peple every day.Even mre imprtantly,everyne had a jb t d.(飓风过后,很难或根本不可能给任何人打电话,所以他们不得不挨家挨户地联系人们。最后,尼夫斯和一小群当地居民在一起,他们受到了暴风雨的重创,但仍然想帮忙。人们尽其所能,从豆类到蔬菜再到大米。年轻人给年老的邻居送热的食物。到那个周末,社区厨房每天为300人提供食物。更重要的是,每个人都有工作要做)可知,尼夫斯创办社区厨房来为穷人提供食物。A.T raise mney fr lcal charities.为当地慈善机构筹集资金;B.T set a mdel fr cmmunity wrk.为社区工作树立榜样;C.T prvide fd fr the needy.为穷人提供食物;D.T ffer jbs fr lcal peple.为当地人提供工作。故选C。
(4)推理判断题。根据最后一段We believe that this is a mdel,r at least in sme aspect,that every cmmunity needs t have if they're ging t survive.Cmmunities are ur best chance at adapting.Tgether we might be able t create mre(我们相信,这是一种模式,或者至少在某些方面,每个社区都需要有,如果他们要生存下去。社区是我们适应环境的最佳机会。我们一起也许能创造更多)可推知,尼夫斯告诉我们:人多好办事。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了尼夫斯回到家乡,在飓风后开办社区厨房,帮助穷人的事迹。
一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。
二、看题干,带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。
四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】A、B、D、C
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段"The bject lked like a cube sitting n the mn's surface,lking t precise t be just a mn rck(这个物体看起来像一个立方体,坐落在月球表面,看起来太精确了,不可能只是一块月球岩石)"可知,当这张照片首次发表时,人们认为它不可能是月球岩石。故选A。
(2)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Yutu-2 was sent fr a clser lk,and at the leisurely speed the rver is capable f traveling,it tk weeks t get up clse.("玉兔2号"被派去近距离观察,以悠闲的速度行驶,它花了数周时间才接近)可知,玉兔2号被用来查明图像是什么。A.T explre the Guanghan Palace.参观广汉宫;B.T find ut what the image was.为了找出图像是什么;C.T prve the experts' guessing.为了证明专家们的猜测;D.T lk fr mysterius Jade Rabbit.去寻找神秘的玉兔。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The seemingly perfect gemetric(几何形)shape was just a trick f angle,light and shadw.(看似完美的几何形状只是角度、光线和阴影的把戏)可知,几何形状的成因是角度、光和阴影的影响。故选D。
(4)标题归纳题。通读全文,并根据第二段When the image was published in early December,it immediately attracted attentin frm the media and space fans arund the wrld,and sparked heated debates.Sme Chinese nline users n Weib cmpared it t the Guanghan Palace,where the gddess f the mn lives accrding t ancient Chinese mythlgy.China's space authrities called it the "mystery hut",while thers called it the "mn cube".(这张照片在12月初发布后,立即引起了世界各地媒体和太空爱好者的关注,并引发了激烈的争论。一些中国网民在微博上将其与中国古代神话中月亮女神居住的广寒宫相提并论。中国航天当局称其为"神秘小屋",而其他人则称之为"月球立方体")可知,文章主要说明了去年11月,中国的玉兔2号月球车在月球背面发现了一些奇怪的东西,引起了世界各地媒体和太空爱好者的关注,并引发了激烈的争论。为此玉兔2号被派去近距离观察,凑近看,原来只是一块石头。由此可知,C选项"The Slutin f a Mystery谜底"最符合文章标题。故选C。
短文主要写了中国的玉兔-2号月球车在月球背面发现了一个看起来像是方块的物体,引起了全球媒体和太空爱好者的关注和热议。有人将其比作中国古代神话中月亮女神居住的广寒宫,中国的太空机构称其为"神秘小屋",也有人称其为"月亮方块"。经过近距离观察后,发现这个物体实际上只是一块石头,看起来像是完美的几何形状只是角度、光线和阴影的错觉。虽然这个神秘小屋实际上并不是小屋,但月球车的遥控驾驶员指出,这块石头有点像兔子,前面的一块石头看起来有点像胡萝卜,这与月球车的名字"玉兔"相符。玉兔-2号月球车自三年前作为嫦娥四号任务的一部分抵达月球背面的冯•卡门撞击坑以来,已经行驶了1000多米。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】A、A、B、D
【解析】(1)主旨大意题。根据第一段We all knw abut the benefits f eating prperly fr ur physical health,but fd—and cking it—is prving t be gd fr ur mental well-being as well.(我们都知道合理饮食对我们的身体健康有好处,但事实证明,食物和烹饪食物对我们的精神健康也有好处)结合文章主要说明了事实证明,食物和烹饪食物对我们的精神健康也有好处,并通过不同专业的人对此进行了论述。可知,这篇文章的主要内容是烹饪有益于心理健康。A.Cking benefiting mental health.烹饪有益于心理健康;B.Different pinins n cking.对烹饪有不同的看法;C.Benefits f fd fr physical health.食物对身体健康的好处;D.An authr's cking experience.作者的烹饪经历。故选A。
(2)细节理解题。根据第二段Dr Mark Salter tld BBC: "Baking and cking are gd therapies that help develp planning skills,shrt-term memry and scial skills-all f which suffer in mental illness.(马克•索尔特博士告诉BBC:"烘焙和烹饪是很好的治疗方法,有助于培养计划能力、短期记忆力和社交能力——这些都是精神疾病的受害者。")可知,马克•索尔特博士说明了烹饪的治疗价值。故选A。
(3)词义指代题。根据第三段TV chef and authr Nadiya Hussain agrees that cking is great fr helping ur mind.She lves t bake and became the champin f the TV shw,The Great British Bake Off .(电视厨师兼作家Nadiya Hussain同意烹饪对我们的思维有很大的帮助。她喜欢烘焙,并成为了电视节目《英国烘焙大赛》的冠军)以及And she thinks that baking is an imprtant tl fr ur scializatin and mental health.(她认为烘焙是我们社交和心理健康的重要工具)可知,Nadiya Hussain认为烘焙是重要工具,所以重要的并不是最后的结果,故划线词指的是"最后的结果"。故选B。
(4)细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Nicle Farmer,wh studies hw fd impacts ur bilgy,behaviur and mental health,tld BBC nline that "cking represents the shared human experience f fd,and nurturing peple thrugh fd,s I think that's where it brings us an pprtunity fr immediate psitive emtins."(研究食物如何影响我们的生理、行为和心理健康的妮可•法默告诉BBC网站说:"烹饪代表了人类对食物的共同体验,并通过食物培养人,所以我认为这给我们带来了一个立即产生积极情绪的机会。")可知,妮可•法默认为烹饪带来一种愉快的感觉。A.It is a sciable activity.这是一种社交活动;B.It gives us delicius fd.它给了我们美味的食物;C.It is the prcess f creatin.它是创造的过程;D.It results in a pleasant feeling.它带来一种愉快的感觉。故选D。
这篇短文主要讲述了食物对我们身体和心理健康的重要性。有人主张烹饪食物具有治疗价值,不仅仅是因为最终的结果,而是因为我们在烹饪过程中经历的体验。烹饪能够帮助发展规划能力、短期记忆和社交技巧,对于心理疾病有益。烹饪也被认为对社交化和心理健康很重要。研究表明,做饭等创造性任务会让我们感到更快乐。烹饪还是一种社交活动,分享最终的成果是一种有益的经历。希望我们能够再次享受到这些好处,使我们都处于正确的心态。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】C、E、F、A、G
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据前句We all knw that hnesty is an imprtant value,and that lying is wrng(我们都知道诚实是一种重要的价值观,而说谎是错误的),可知C选项"然而,我们一直都在撒谎"可以和前文构成转折关系,故选C。
(2)主题判断题。根据后文If peple tell lies t make thers feel better and wn't bring any negative effect,we call them white lies.On cntrary t white lies,which refers t well-intentined lies,black lies are tld t deceive smene else fr their wn advantage.N dubt that black lies are harmful,but nt white lies(如果人们说谎是为了让别人感觉更好,不会带来任何负面影响,我们称之为善意的谎言。善意谎言指的是善意的谎言,与善意谎言相反,而恶意谎言指的是为了自己的利益而欺骗别人。毫无疑问,恶意的谎言是有害的,但善意的谎言却不是),可知E选项"谎言可以分为恶意谎言和善意谎言"可以作为本段的主题句---谎言分为恶意谎言和善意谎言,故选E。
(3)推理判断题。根据前句Lies are ften tied in with self-prtectin(谎言常常与自我保护联系在一起);以及后句If they feel that they might be hurt,they immediately begin t lie(如果他们觉得自己可能会受到伤害,他们会立即开始撒谎),可知F选项"人们总是关心别人对他们的看法"符合语境,陈述人们撒谎的原因是因为在意别人对他们的看法,故选F。
(4)推理判断题。根据前文On sme ccasins,it is necessary t tell lies t avid hurting thers' feelings,particularly when the truth is t miserable t accept.If we tell the truth,peple will get hurt(在某些情况下,说谎是必要的,以避免伤害他人的感情,特别是当真相太悲惨而无法接受的时候。如果我们说出真相,人们会受到伤害);以及后句Of curse,it's Ok t tell lies t make them feel better(当然,为了让他们感觉好一点而说谎是可以的),可知A选项"说实话还是说谎"符合语境,因为害怕人们会受到伤害,所以不知道说实话还是谎话,故选A。
(5)推理判断题。根据前文If there were n lies,culd the wrld be better?I dn't think s(如果没有谎言,世界会变得更好吗?我不这么想),可知G选项"如果是出于好意,撒个善意的小谎也是可以接受的"符合语境,作者不认为没有谎言世界会变得更好,因为出于好意,撒个善意的小谎也是可以接受的,故选G。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了谎言的类型以及该不该说谎的问题。
这是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、D、A、B、A、B、D、C、B、A、D、D、C、B、A
【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.elderly老人;B.family家人;C.animal动物;D.children孩子。根据上文"Carie Brecker is a lifelng animal lver.( Carie Brecker是一个终生的动物爱好者)"指她在一个动物救援组织工作了12年。故选C。
(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.saved拯救;B.lved爱;C.turned转弯;D.met遇见。根据后文"her elderly friend Alice several years ag"可知两人是几年前遇见的。故选D。
(3)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cared fr关心;B.put up搭建;C.lked fr寻找;D.picked up捡起。根据后文"her dg,Savannah,while she stayed in the hspital"可知,Brecker为朋友照顾她的狗,故选A。
(4)考查形容词及语境理解。A.curius好奇的;B.wrried担心的;C.happy快乐的;D.satisfied满足的。根据后文"Brecker prmised she wuld find her a gd hme fr Savannah.( Brecker答应她会给Savannah找个好家)"说明爱丽丝总是担心她的狗会发生什么事。故选B。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.death死亡;B.recvery恢复;C.peratin手术;D.prmise承诺。根据后文"Brecker adpted Savannah herself"以及常识,收养朋友的狗是在她去世以后。故选A。
(6)考查动词及语境理解。A.upset使沮丧;B.inspired鼓舞,启发;C.shcked震惊;D.changed改变。根据后文Brecker成立一个非营利性来帮助这些狗,可知这段经历启发了Brecker。故选B。
(7)考查动词及语境理解。A.jin加入;B.share分享;C.serve服务;D.pen打开。根据后文"a dg rescue nnprfit"指成立非营利性的狗狗救援组织,应用动词pen。故选D。
(8)考查动词及语境理解。A.sticking刺入;B.leading带领;C.belnging属于;D.attaching附上。根据后文"t peple wh were dying"指这些狗属于那些即将去世的人,应用belng t。故选C。
(9)考查连词及语境理解。A.s所以;B.r或者;C.and并且;D.but但是。结合前后文语境可知为选择关系,应用连词r。故选B。
(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.agreed同意;B.refused拒绝;C.wished希望;D.intended打算。根据后文"t help and suggested they als take in"可知,Rua同意帮忙,还给出了建议。故选A。
(11)考查形容词及语境理解。A.hmeless无家可归的;B.weak虚弱的;C.disabled残疾的;D.senir年长的。后文"ften as yunger nes"提到了年轻的狗经常被收养,所以是建议先收养年老的狗。故选D。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.bught购买;B.sld出售;C.treated治疗;D.adpted收养。上文"dgs frm shelters"提到狗在收容所,所以是被人收养。故选D。
(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.partners伙伴;B.charities慈善;C.hmes家;D.masters大师。根据后文"fr nearly 3,000 dgs"可知,此处指给三千只狗找到了家。故选C。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.member成员;B.surce来源;C.chance机会;D.supprt支持。结合后文"f lve is their pet"指宠物是一些人爱的来源,应用surce。故选B。
(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.keep保持;B.feed喂养;C.attend出席;D.adapt适应。根据后文"an wner and his dg tgether"指让主人和狗在一起,应用动词keep。故选A。
文章主要写了Carie Brecker是一位终身爱动物的人,她曾在加利福尼亚州太平洋格罗夫的一家动物救援组织工作了12年。几年前,她照顾她的年迈朋友Alice。当Alice患上肺气肿后,Brecker照顾她的狗Savannah,同时她住院治疗。在Alice的最后几天里,她一直担心她的狗会怎样。Brecker承诺会为Savannah找到一个好家庭。在这位女士去世后,Brecker自己收养了Savannah。这次经历改变了Brecker。她决定创办一个狗救援非营利组织,名为Peace f Mind Dg Rescue,为那些即将去世或进入辅助生活中心的人照顾狗。她邀请了前同事Mnica Rua一起工作。Rua愿意帮忙,并建议他们还可以收养收容所里的老年狗,因为老年狗没有年轻狗那样容易被领养。自成立以来,这个非营利组织已经帮助了2000名老年人,并为近3000只狗找到了家。Carie说:"有时候一个人唯一的爱就是他们的宠物,所以我们能为主人和他的狗做的任何事情都是有意义的。"
做完形填空题之前,必须先浏览全文,了解短文的大意,这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息,借助语感及相关知识的推断,可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文,了解大意的基础上,便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配,并从上下文中找关键性暗示,注意前后对照,逐句精读,逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后,应再次通读全文,对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】climbers
【解析】(1)考查可数名词复数。句意:第一批登山者登上珠穆朗玛峰仅仅70年。分析句子结构可知,此处作主语,因此需要填入名词;第一批登山者有很多人,因此用复数。故填climbers。
(2)考查动词时态。句意:1953年5月29日,来自新西兰的埃德蒙•希拉里和来自尼泊尔的丹增•诺盖终于在人类历史上第一次登上了世界最高峰。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入谓语动词,句子中的时间状语为May 29th,1953,因此需要使用一般过去时。故填reached。
(3)考查连词。句意:在过去的70年里,成千上万的男人和女人试图登上顶峰,但只有4469人实现了他们的梦想。前文说明的是"成千上万的男人和女人试图登上顶峰";后文说明的是"只有4469人实现了他们的梦想",所以前后为转折关系。故填but。
(4)考查不定式。句意:登山者不得不面对突如其来的暴风雪、雪崩和其他一些恶劣的天气状况。根据常识可知,登山者在登山过程中不得不面对一些恶劣天气。have t d sth.必须做某事。故填t face。
(5)考查比较级。句意:他们爬得越高,遇到的困难就越多。后句为"the mre difficulties they will meet";the+比较级;the+比较级为越……,就越……。故填higher。
(6)考查介词。句意:在通往顶峰的路上,他们随时可能失去生命。此处表示在"去……路上"为n the way t。故填t。
(7)考查时态和语态。句意:据报道,300多名登山者不得不永远住在那里。此处指的是"据报道";It be+ reprted...为据报道;此处为陈述事实,因此用一般现在时。故填is reprted。
(8)考查形容词。句意:1960年5月,中国登山队从北岭登顶,首次在峰顶向世界展示了中国国旗。空格处位于名词之前,因此需要填入形容词,natinal表示"民族的,国家的"。故填natinal。
(9)考查动名词。句意:曾经有人问为什么人们从不停止攀登顶峰。此处,指的是"不停止攀登顶峰"。stp ding sth.为"停止做某事"。故填trying。
(10)考查冠词。句意:这真的是一个挑战的机会。空格处位于名词之前,因此需要填入冠词,此处泛指一次"机会",chance首字母的发音为辅音音素。故填a。
本文为一篇说明文。文章说明了攀登珠穆朗玛峰面对的危险,但是人们敢于攀登。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用,做题时要首先明确短文大意,从词语搭配,固定句型,语法,时态等方面综合考虑,结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】Disappinted by his behaviur,I said all this t my best friend.
【解析】考查过去分词作状语和一般过去时。分析句子结构,根据"我把一切都说给了我最好的朋友"可知,动作发生在过去,谓语动词的时态使用一般过去时,表示"把……说给了"含义的短语为say sth t sb,所以"我把一切都说给了我最好的朋友"可以翻译为I said all this t my best friend;表示"对……感到失望"用短语be disappinted by;因句中已有谓语said,所以这里用过去分词短语disappinted by作状语;表示"他的行为"用短语his behaviur,作by的宾语。
故翻译为:Disappinted by his behaviur,I said all this t my best friend。
对他的行为我感到失望,于是把一切都说给了我最好的朋友。
准确识别过去分词做状语,是解答本题的关键。
38.【答案】As in Ryan's wrds,we need t nt nly dnate mney but als get new ideas.
【解析】表示"如Ryan所言"短语为as in Ryan's wrds;主语为we;表示"需要做某事"短语为need t d sth.;表示"不仅……而且……"句型为nt nly…but als…,连接两个并列的不定式;表示"捐钱"短语为dnate mney;表示"拿出些新想法"翻译为get new ideas。
故填:As in Ryan's wrds,we need t nt nly dnate mney but als get new ideas.
如Ryan所言,我们不仅需要捐钱,还要拿出些新想法。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
39.【答案】New inventins like 3 D printers have been used in peple's daily life.
【解析】表示"像3 D印刷这样的新发明"应用new inventins like 3 D printers,作主语;表示"用于"应用use,与主语构成被动关系,结合句意"已经"可知,此处用现在完成时的被动语态;表示"人们的日常生活"翻译为peple's daily life。
故填:New inventins like 3 D printers have been used in peple's daily life.
像3 D印刷这样的新发明已用于人们的日常生活。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
40.【答案】We fund it difficult t figure ut where they were.
【解析】考查固定短语和宾语从句。分析句子结构,"弄清楚他们在哪里"在句子中作宾语,由于宾语过长,采用宾语后置的方法,使用it作形式宾语。表示"发现"含义的动词为find,因句子表达的是发生在过去的动作,谓语动词使用一般过去时,所以"我们发现难以……"可翻译为:We fund it difficult t;表示"弄清楚"含义的动词短语为figure ut;"他们在哪里"为宾语从句,因连接词在从句中作状语表示地点,使用where连接宾语从句,可翻译为:where they were。
故翻译为:We fund it difficult t figure ut where they were.
我们发现难以弄清楚他们在哪里。
准确使用动词短语、时态是解答本题的关键。
41.【答案】Lk thrugh yur mails,perhaps yu can find smething useful.
【解析】表示"查看一下邮件"应用lk thrugh yur mails,为肯定祈使句;表示"或许"应用副词perhaps;表示"找到一些有用的东西"应用find smething useful,can后跟动词原形。
故填:Lk thrugh yur mails,perhaps yu can find smething useful.
查看一下邮件,你或许会找到一些有用的东西。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
42.【答案】She finished her meal and paid with a ne-hundred-dllar bill.The waitress quickly went t get change fr her hundred-dllar bill,but the ld lady had driven ff.She was gne by the time the waitress came back.The waitress wndered where the lady did s.【高分句型一】Then she nticed smething written n a napkin.There were tears in her eyes when she read what the lady wrte "Yu dn't we me anything.I have been there t.Smebdy,nce helped me ut the way I'm helping yu.If yu really want t pay me back,what yu d des nt let this chain f lve end with yu.【高分句型二】" Under the napkin were fur mre hundred-dllar bills.(女士用她的方式把爱传递给了孕妇服务员)
That night the waitress cane hme earlier.She was thinking abut the mney and what the lady had written.She was wndering hw the lady knew she and her husband were in need.With the baby t be brn next mnth,life was ging t be hard.She knew hw wrried her husband was,and nw everything is ging t be all right.Knwing what had happened,her husband,Bryan,shed tears f jy and gratitude.(服务员回家后告诉家人所发生的的事,结果女服务员的丈夫就是布莱恩)
【解析】本文为记叙文,讲述了布莱恩帮助一位女士更换了轮胎,但他不求回报,只是希望女士将爱传递下去,女士走后去餐馆吃饭,于是选择帮助了服务员,结果女服务员正是布莱恩的丈夫。
高分句型一:The waitress wndered where the lady did s.
译文:女服务员想知道这位女士是从哪里来的。
分析:这句话使用了where引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二:If yu really want t pay me back,what yu d des nt let this chain f lve end with yu.
译文:如果你真的想回报我,你所做的不会让这条爱的链条随着你而结束。
分析:这句话使用了if引导的条件状语从句,what引导的主语从句。
解题方法点拨
(1)品读原文。确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路,通过精读文章,找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜(结尾)"。
(2)仔细审题,明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求,如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示,这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
(3)回扣原文,揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求,再次快速阅读短文,抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示,确定续写段落的内容。
(4)拟写草稿,修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时,注意句子结构的多样性,语言的丰富性,并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用,使上下文连贯。
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