2022-2023学年上海市黄浦区高一(下)期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)
展开1.They have t have a basic understanding f cmputers in rder t use the ______ ( advance)technlgy.
2.
Peer Pressure
Teenage years are ne f the mst exciting yet cnfusing stages in a persn's life.Yu are n lnger a child,yet nt quite an adult.Yu are at a time f (1) ______ ,trying t find ut yur preferences,ne f which,is yur pastime.
Sme pastimes have n mral implicatins.Fr example,shall we play basketball r sccer?Hwever,there are ther chices that need t be made based n yur values,beliefs and principles in life.Sme examples
(2) ______ attending a party where there will be alchl and drugs freely given ut,lying t yur parents r even skipping schl t watch a mvie with sme friends.Hw d yu respnd?Are yu tempted t fllw them?
Wanting t feel part f a grup may frce yu t d things against yur better (3) ______ .Hwever,it is right t say n t anything that is (4) ______ ,ptentially causes harm r is hurtful t yu r thers.Yu may be afraid t refuse fr fear f lsing friends r being laughed at but d nt let that stp yu frm standing up t peer pressure and being true t yurself.If yur friends are true friends,they will respect yur (5) ______ and nt frce yu t jin them.
There are sme steps yu may take t steer clear frm (6) ______ peer pressure.Firstly,stay away frm friends wh frce yu t d things that yu knw are wrng.Instead,spend mre time with friends wh share the same values and principles as yu.Next,be true t yurself and stand up fr what yu believe in.And if a
( 7) ______ gets ut f hand,d nt hesitate t apprach an adult yu trust fr help.
It may nt always be easy t (8) ______ peer pressure,but d knw that yu will feel gd abut yurself later.And even withut yu realising it,yu may have been an activatr in yur grup t bring abut a psitive change.Others in yur grup may just fllw yur lead and gain curage t always d the right thing.
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(5)
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(8)
二、阅读理解:本大题共8小题,共16分。
A
This hbbit was a very well-t-d hbbit,and his name was Baggins.The Bagginses have lived in the neighburhd f The Hill fr time ut f mind,and peple cnsidered them very respectable,nt nly because mst f them were rich,but als because they never had any adventures r did anything unexpected;yu culd tell what a Baggins wuld say n any questin withut the bther f asking him.This is the stry f hw a Baggins had an adventure,and fund himself ding and saying things altgether unexpected.He may have lst the neighburs' respect,but he gained — well,yu will see whether he gained anything in the end.
The mther f ur particular hbbit — what is hbbit?I suppse hbbits need sme descriptin nwadays,since they have becme rare and shy f the Big Peple,as they call us.They are (r were) a little peple,abut half ur height,and smaller than the bearded dwarves(小矮人).Hbbits have n beards.There is little magic abut them,except the rdinary everyday srt which helps them t disappear quietly and quickly when large stupid flk like yu and me cme alng clumsily,making a nise like elephants which they can hear a mile ff.They are likely t be fat in the stmach;they dress in bright clurs (chiefly green and yellw);wear n shes,because their feet grw natural leathery sles and thick warm brwn hair like the stuff n their heads(which is curly);have,lng clever brwn fingers,gd-natural faces,and laugh deep fruity laughs(especially after dinner,which they have twice a day when they can get it).Nw yu knw enugh t g n with.As I was saying,the mther f this hbbit-Bilb Baggins,that is — was the famus Belladnna Tk,ne f the three remarkable daughters f the Old Tk,head f the hbbits wh lived acrss The Water,the small river that ran at the ft f the The Hill.
3.Accrding t the passage,what is a well-t-d hbbit like? ______
A. Respectable amng the dwarves.
B. Predictable as all the ther hbbits.
C. Careful enugh t d things well.
D. Wealthy in the neighburhd f The Hill.
4.Why were the Bagginses cnsidered respectable? ______
A. They recently mved t The Hill.B. They lived rdinary lives.
C. They were very magical.D. Belladnna Tk was famus.
5.What d Hbbits think f Big Peple? ______
A. Lud and clumsy.
B. Frightening and nisy.
C. Quite large and easy t laugh.
D. Similar t elephants with pr hearing.
6.Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut Hbbits accrding t the passage? ______
A. They were rich,predictable and strnger than the Big Peple.
B. They are shrter than the Big Peple and smaller than bearded dwarves.
C. Mst f them are f half the height f the bearded dwarves.
D. All hbbits were regarded as nisy and adventurus as elephants.
B
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7.Which f the fllwing wrds has the clsest meaning with the wrd "plague" (para.1)? ______
A. trubleB. aruseC. targetD. mtivate
8.The wrds "reduce,reuse,recycle and rethink" (para.4)are mstly used ______ .
A. t draw the readers' attentin t bi-diversity
B. because they're easy fr students t remember the prjects
C. t shw the writer's skill f using similar wrds
D. because they are the technical terms fr envirnment prtectin
9.Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in this pster? ______
A. The CD-ROM prduct is fun fr children t use.
B. Children must have certain skills t use this prduct.
C. It is imprtant t act quickly t btain this prduct.
D. The CD-ROM will help children becme envirnmentally aware.
10.What's the purpse f the pster? ______
A. T cmmand schl t intrduce the CD-ROM t students.
B. T prvide a discunt fr the schls t buy the prducts.
C. T encurage Australian children t cntribute t prtecting envirnment.
D. T cllect educatin resurces fr classrm activities and schl prjects.
三、阅读七选五:本大题共3小题,共6分。
Hw t Imprve Climate Literacy
Climate literacy is the ability t identify,understand and explain infrmatin assciated with climate science.(1) ______
Over the past few years,many yung peple and educatrs have pushed fr the inclusin f climate literacy in natinal curricula.S what are the best ways in which this can be embedded within already packed schl timetables?
True climate literacy must address nt nly the science f climate change,but als issues f climate (in)justice,including hw climate change affects peple and places unevenly and cntributes t inequalities within and acrss natins.
( 2) ______ Many peple in develped cuntries like the UK therefre see climate change happening elsewhere and t ther peple,with less relevance t their wn lives.
( 3) ______ We need t start highlighting the lcal effects f climate change t grund abstract understanding in reality.
One way t d this is thrugh visual strytelling.Strytelling,ften invlving drawings and paintings,has been used by human cmmunities t pass n knwledge r tales f cautin fr at least 30,000 years — as yu can see frm the cave painting.
One effect f strytelling is its ability t create cgnitive dissnance:the mental cnflict and discmfrt felt when a persn's behaviur isn't in line with their beliefs.Stries that demnstrate the cnsequences f nt acting ec-cnsciusly — especially if thse cnsequences are shwn visually — can be a gd way t d this,leading t individuals being mre likely t take climate actin in their wn lives r by cnfrnting crprate activities.
11.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
12.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
13.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. F
四、完形填空:本大题共12小题,共18分。
It's 3000 years ag,and peple make the things they need by hand.They use metals,such as brnze and tin,t make tls and weapns,but these metals are hard t find.A grup f peple called the Hittites begin (1) ______ with a unique rck called irn re,which is easy t find and mine.They make a(n)( 2) ______ :By heating this rck,they get a new metal,called irn,which they can shape int sharp knives and ther tls.The Hittites see little use fr irn,( 3) ______ , beynd making these simple tls.Never in their wildest dreams can they imagine the
( 4) ______ irn will have n the wrld.But it's where the stry f the(5) ______ begins.
This early frm f irn isn't strng enugh fr large things like buildings.Over thusands f years,thugh,peple learned ways t make irn strnger.They (6) ______ their rck vens,raising the temperature and adding different minerals t the re.Each experiment (7) ______ the prcess,as peple learned t change irn int carbn steel.
Finally,in 1855,an English engineer named Henry Bessemer invented a machine that turned large amunts f irn int steel in just minutes,which is strng and can be made int nearly any (8) ______ ,including frames fr tall buildings.Still the first skyscraper wasn't built fr almst 30 years.Why?Nbdy wanted t walk up and dwn all thse stairs.Tall buildings need a way t elevate peple and bjects.Althugh elevatrs existed,they weren't safe enugh fr peple.Pretty sn,seeing steel cables supprting bridges led peple t (9) ______ hw steel cables culd make elevatrs safe.And with safe elevatrs,yu culd build much (10) ______ buildings.In 1884,the Hme Insurance Building,the first skyscraper,rse.It was 138 feet high — higher than any ther building at that time.It had ten streys and fur elevatrs — a miracle at the time!
The mighty skyscraper is much mre than a building,thugh:It's a (11) ______ f what we can accmplish when we just try things.Inventins cme frm ideas,big and small,and frm peple ld and yung.S put n yur thinking caps,because the great inventins f the future (12) ______ yur ideas tday!
14.A. cmpetingB. strugglingC. cperatingD. experimenting
15.A. decisinB. peratinC. discveryD. ccupatin
16.A. therefreB. hweverC. furthermreD. mrever
17.A. prfitB. impactC. respnseD. versin
18.A. explratinB. innvatinC. cmmitmentD. skyscraper
19.A. trackedB. lcatedC. adjustedD. emplyed
20.A. simplifiedB. fulfilledC. bservedD. imprved
21.A. bjectB. shapeC. elementD. cmmand
22.A. think abutB. lk intC. participate inD. sak up
23.A. saferB. strngerC. largerD. taller
24.A. diagramB. symblC. prfileD. surce
25.A. fcus nB. fld intC. depend nD. wrk ut
五、单句语法填空:本大题共5小题,共5分。
26.It's a pity that there is still n effective ______ ( treat) fr lung cancer.
27.Wmen wh eat plenty f fresh vegetables are far less likely t suffer ______ (anxius)r depressin.
28.Mre and mre peple are willing t devte energy and effrts t the wrk f ______ ( charitable).
29.In fact,a thery is an abstract, ______ ( symbl) representatin f what is cnceived t be reality.
30.The firefighters rushed int the burning huse t save the trapped peple withut any ______ ( hesitate).
六、语法填空:本大题共1小题,共15分。
31.
Hspital f the Future
T mst peple,hspitals are assciated with illnesses,injuries and smetimes,death.Of curse,births that deserve (1) ______ (celebrate) take place there t,but with their grey rms flded by daylight lamps and still air,hspitals are ften nt at the tp f anyne's favurite places t visit.Healthcare prfessinals and patients alike wear anxius faces,( 2) ______ hurrying endlessly alng the hallways painted an unpleasant green,r stuck in the cmfrtless wards;the ill health and despair almst sensible in the air.It is n wnder then,that almst everyne is afraid f hspital visits.Hwever,with the rapid advancement f technlgy nwadays,alng with human-centric appraches twards interir design,the hspitals f the future (3) ______ lk and feel bradly different,bringing the visitrs a mre pleasant experience.
A patient's jurney at the hspital always begins at the receptin,( 4) ______ patients are usually crwded int rw upn rw f creaky plastic chairs,filling ut bring paperwrk and awaiting their turn.Instead,fully integrated nline systems may turn this prcess int a breeze,( 5) ______ (allw) patients t check in electrnically t register themselves smthly.With waiting times minimised,lbby spaces may be (6) ______ (well) furnished with cmfrtable sfa chairs and ptted plants arund t bring clam and relaxatin t an therwise typically distressing situatin.
Digital medical devices becme increasingly mainstream in the diagnstic(诊断的) prcess,awkward physical examinatins may sn becme a thing f the past. (7) ______ (pwer) by artificial intelligence,machines wuld becme the efficient mde f detecting physical abnrmity,as high-tech sensrs scan yur bdy,prcessing data thrugh supercmputers in the hspital's mainframe,leaving abslutely n margin (8) ______ errr.With patient cnsent,this data may even be stred in the clud fr future reference by different medical facilities if the need arises,especially in emergencies.
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(2)
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七、完成句子:本大题共2小题,共4分。
32.There is a time-lag between theretical research and ______ .
往往理论研究和实际应用之间存在时滞。
33.Wunded sldiers will ______ by the rbtic instruments in the battlefield mbile surgical unit remtely guided by dctrs.
受伤的士兵会由医生远程指导战场机动外科手术室单元的机器人设备做手术。
八、句子翻译:本大题共3小题,共6分。
34.为了健康,爷爷坚持早起慢跑。(jg) ______
35.她将课堂笔记分类整理得井井有条,令人印象深刻。(which) ______
36.随着网络的全覆盖,持续了解全校师生发展的最新动态变得越来越便利。(track) ______
九、书面表达:本大题共1小题,共25分。
37.假设你是启明中学高一学生李明。临近期末,你的英语老师正在设计暑假作业,现征求学生意见。请写一封电子邮件给老师,内容须包含:
(1)不同形式与内容的作业建议2-3条;
(2)给出你的理由。
(文章中请不要出现真实的校名和姓名)
答案和解析
1.【答案】advanced
【解析】答案:advanced.设空处作定语修饰名词technlgy,应用所给词的形容词advanced,意思是"先进的",故填advanced.
为了使用先进的技术,他们必须对计算机有基本的了解。
做单词填空题,首先弄清所给句子的意思,分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性,结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化,最后填写拼写正确的单词。
2.【答案】【小题1】G
【小题2】C
【小题3】I
【小题4】B
【小题5】D
【小题6】F
【小题7】H
【小题8】A
【解析】(1)考查名词。句意:你正处于一个探索的时刻,试图找出你的偏好,其中之一就是你的消遣。表示"探索",作f的宾语用名词explratin,不可数,故选G。
(2)考查动词。句意:一些例子包括参加一个会免费发放酒精和毒品的聚会,对父母撒谎,甚至逃课和朋友一起看电影。表示"包括"用动词include,前后时态一致,用一般现在时;和主语Sme examples一致,谓语动词用动词原形include,故选C。
(3)考查名词。句意:想要感觉自己是一个群体的一部分,可能会迫使你做一些违背自己判断的事情。表示"判断"用不可数名词judgement作宾语,故选I。
(4)考查形容词。句意:然而,对任何非法的、可能对你或他人造成伤害的事情说不是正确的。表示"非法的"用形容词illegal作表语,故选B。
(5)考查名词。句意:如果你的朋友是真正的朋友,他们会尊重你的决定,不会强迫你加入他们。表示"决定"用不可数名词decisin作宾语,故选D。
(6)考查形容词。句意:你可以采取一些步骤来避开负面的同伴压力。表示"负面的"用形容词negative修饰名词peer pressure,故选F。
(7)考查名词。句意:如果情况失控,请毫不犹豫地向你信任的成年人寻求帮助。表示"状况;情形",a后用名词situatin的单数形式,故选H。
(8)考查动词。句意:抵抗同伴的压力可能并不总是那么容易,但要知道你以后会自我感觉良好。表示"抵抗"用动词resist,句子里,it作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语,所以t后用动词原形,故选A。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了青少年渴望参加同龄人活动的原因以及拒绝参加不好的活动的方法。
这个题型需要理解全文的含义,然后根据句子结构,选择合适的单词。
3~6.【答案】D、B、A、B
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段This hbbit was a very well-t-d hbbit,and his name was Baggins.The Bagginses have lived in the neighburhd f The Hill fr time ut f mind,and peple cnsidered them very respectable,nt nly because mst f them were rich,but als because they never had any adventures r did anything unexpected;yu culd tell what a Baggins wuld say n any questin withut the bther f asking him. (这个霍比特人是个非常富有的霍比特人,他的名字叫巴金斯。巴金斯一家自古以来就住在小丘附近,人们都认为他们很体面,不仅因为他们中的大多数人很富有,还因为他们从来没有经历过任何冒险或做过任何意想不到的事情;你不用问巴金斯家的人,就能知道他对任何问题的回答。)可知,一个非常富有的霍比特人体面、有钱、住在小丘附近,故选D项。
(2)推理判断题。根据第一段The Bagginses have lived in the neighburhd f The Hill fr time ut f mind,and peple cnsidered them very respectable,nt nly because mst f them were rich,but als because they never had any adventures r did anything unexpected;yu culd tell what a Baggins wuld say n any questin withut the bther f asking him. (巴金斯一家自古以来就住在小丘附近,人们都认为他们很体面,不仅因为他们中的大多数人很富有,还因为他们从来没有经历过任何冒险或做过任何意想不到的事情;你不用问巴金斯家的人,就能知道他对任何问题的回答。)可知,巴金斯一家之所以被认为是体面人,原因是:富有,从不冒险,过着普通平常的生活。故填B项。
(3)推理判断题。根据第二段There is little magic abut them,except the rdinary everyday srt which helps them t disappear quietly and quickly when large stupid flk like yu and me cme alng clumsily,making a nise like elephants which they can hear a mile ff. (它们几乎没有什么魔力,除了日常生活中常见的那种魔力,当你我这样愚蠢的大块头笨拙地走过来,发出象大象一样的声音,一英里外它们都能听到的时候,这种魔力能帮助它们悄悄地、迅速地消失。)可知,霍比特人眼中的巨人:声音如大象的声音,还很笨拙。故选A项。
(4)细节理解题。根据第二段I suppse hbbits need sme descriptin nwadays,since they have becme rare and shy f the Big Peple,as they call us.They are (r were) a little peple,abut half ur height,and smaller than the bearded dwarves (小矮人). (我想霍比特人现在需要一些描述,因为他们变得越来越稀少,而且对他们所谓的'大人物'感到害怕。他们是,或者曾经是,一个小个子种族,大约有我们一半高,比长胡子的矮人们要小。)可知,霍比特人他们比大个子矮,个儿比长胡子的小矮人还小。故选B项。
这篇文章讲述了一个叫巴金斯的霍比特人,他们一直住在山丘附近,人们认为他们非常有声望,因为他们富有而且从来没有冒险或做出任何意外的事情。霍比特人是一个矮小的种族,没有胡须,喜欢穿着鲜艳的衣服,不穿鞋子,但他们的脚底有天然的皮革和厚厚的棕色毛发,他们有着聪明的手指和好脾气的面孔。巴金斯的母亲是一个著名的霍比特人,他们居住在山脚下的小河旁边。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
7~10.【答案】A、B、B、C
【解析】(1)词句猜测题。根据第一段Saving the Planet is Kids' TaskEnvirnmental prblems plague every cuntry,but where there's energy and enthusiasm,there's hpe.(拯救地球是孩子们的任务环境问题___着每个国家,但哪里有活力和热情,哪里就有希望。)可知,划线词所在句子意思是:环境问题困扰每个国家。即单词"plague"意为"困扰"。A.truble困扰;B.aruse唤起;C.target目标;D.mtivate激励。故选A。
(2)推理判断题。根据第四段A cmplimentary(免费赠送的) cpy f the CD-ROM,which retails fr $24.95,has been sent t every schl thrughut Australia t shw yung envirnmentalists hw they can 'reduce,reuse,recycle and rethink'.(免费赠送的光盘(零售价24.95美元)已被送到澳大利亚的每一所学校,向年轻的环保人士展示他们如何"减少、再利用、回收和重新思考"。)可知,使用这些词是因为它们是环境保护的专业术语,更容易让孩子们记住这个项目,故选B。
(3)推理判断题。根据第三段Spnsred by Australia Pst,the 'Ollie Saves the Planet' interactive CD-ROM and assciated website () intrduce children t the cncept f cnservatin and encurage them t cnsider their actins in the areas f waste,water,energy,air,and bi-diversity.It is a great resurce fr classrm activities and schl prjects,with lts f games fr hurs f entertainment.("奥利拯救地球"互动光碟及相关网站()由澳大利亚邮政赞助,向儿童介绍保育的概念,并鼓励他们考虑在废物、水、能源、空气和生物多样性等方面采取行动。它是课堂活动和学校项目的一个很好的资源,有很多游戏供你娱乐。)可知,这个光盘产品对孩子们来说很有趣,并且光盘将帮助孩子们提高环保意识;由文章最后的Hurry,the envirnment needs yur help!(快点,环境需要你的帮助!)可知,迅速采取行动获得这个产品是很重要的。即A、C、D项都提及了,B.Children must have certain skills t use this prduct.(儿童必须具备一定的技能才能使用本产品。)没有提及,故选B。
(4)写作目的题。根据第二段Nw thusands f Australian children can have fun while learning t develp a real passin fr prtecting the envirnment.(现在,成千上万的澳大利亚儿童可以在学习培养保护环境的真正热情的同时享受乐趣。)可知,文章的写作目的是为了鼓励澳洲儿童为保护环境作出贡献,故选C。
本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了一个由澳大利亚邮政赞助的名为"Ollie Saves the Planet"的互动CD-ROM和相关网站,旨在向儿童介绍环保概念,并鼓励他们在废物、水、能源、空气和生物多样性等方面考虑自己的行动。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。
11~13.【答案】D、B、E
【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据上文Climate literacy is the ability t identify,understand and explain infrmatin assciated with climate science(气候素养是识别、理解和解释与气候科学相关信息的能力。)以及下文"Over the past few years,many yung peple and educatrs have pushed fr the inclusin f climate literacy in natinal curricula.(在过去几年中,许多年轻人和教育工作者一直在推动将气候素养纳入国家程。)可知,提出要将气候素养纳入国家课程,这说明了气候素养非常重要,空处应该解释具备气候素养的好处。D项"Being climate literate allws individuals t becme active participants in the fight against climate change.具备气候知识使个人能够积极参与应对气候变化的斗争。"符合语境。故选D。
(2)推理判断题。根据上文True climate literacy must address nt nly the science f climate change,but als issues f climate (in)justice,including hw climate change affects peple and places unevenly and cntributes t inequalities within and acrss natins.(真正的气候素养不仅必须涉及气候变化科学,还必须涉及气候正义问题,包括气候变化如何不平衡地影响人和地方,并导致国家内部和国家之间的不平等。)和下文Many peple in develped cuntries like the UK therefre see climate change happening elsewhere and t ther peple,with less relevance t their wn lives.(像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上,与他们自己的生活无关。)可知,目前的气候变化教育有局限性,并没有涵盖真正的气候素养,空处和上文形成转折关系。B项"Hwever,at present,much f climate change educatin is fcused n the physical aspects f climate change,ften at a glbal scale.然而,目前,气候变化教育的大部分都集中在气候变化的物理方面,通常是在全球范围内。"符合语境。故选B。
(3)推理判断题。根据上文Many peple in develped cuntries like the UK therefre see climate change happening elsewhere and t ther peple,with less relevance t their wn lives.(像英国这样的发达国家的许多人因此认为气候变化发生在其他地方和其他人身上,与他们自己的生活无关。)和下文We need t start highlighting the lcal effects f climate change t grund abstract understanding in reality.(我们需要开始强调气候变化的局部影响,以便在现实中建立抽象的理解。)可知,上文举例说明很多人觉得气候变化与自己无关,因此未能感觉到气候危机的紧迫性,下文提出了具体的解决方案,由此可知,空处指出人们对气候变化的理解存在问题。E项"This cllective psychlgical distancing means many fail t recgnise the urgency f the climate crisis.这种集体心理疏离意味着许多人未能认识到气候危机的紧迫性。"符合语境。故选E。
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何提高气候素养。
该题是完成性阅读,和完形填空很类似,不同的是一个选词,一个选句子。解题时,要注意上下文语境,充分考虑信息词(选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词),选出最符合语境的句子。
14~25.【答案】D、C、B、B、D、C、D、B、A、D、B、C
【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。句意:一群叫做Hittites的人开始试验一种叫做铁矿石的独特岩石,这种岩石很容易找到和开采。A.cmpeting竞争、比赛;B.struggling与……斗争;C.cperating合作;D.experimenting做试验。根据下文"By heating this rck,they get a new metal,called irn,which they can shape int sharp knives and ther tls. "(通过加热这块岩石,他们得到了一种叫做铁的新金属,他们可以把它做成锋利的刀和其他工具。)可知,他们是通过做试验的方法,加热这种铁矿石,得到了铁这种新金属。故选D。
(2)考查名词及语境理解。句意:他们有了一个新发现:通过加热这块岩石,他们得到了一种叫做铁的新金属,他们可以把它做成锋利的刀和其他工具。A.decisin决定;B.peratin手术、运作;C.discvery发现;D.ccupatin占领、职业。根据句中"they get a new metal,called irn,which they can shape int sharp knives and ther tls."可知,他们得到了一种新金属,有了新的发现。故选C。
(3)考查副词及语境理解。句意:然而,Hittites认为铁除了制造这些简单的工具外几乎没有什么用处。A.therefre所以;B.hwever然而;C.furthermre此外、而且;D.mrever此外、而且。根据上文"By heating this rck,they get a new metal,called irn,which they can shape int sharp knives and ther tls. "(通过加热这种岩石,他们得到了一种叫做铁的新金属,他们可以把它做成锋利的刀和其他工具。)和句中"The Hittites see little use fr irn beynd making these simple tls."之间为转折关系。故选B。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。句意:他们做梦也想不到铁对世界的影响。A.prfit利润;B.impact影响;C.respnse回应、反应;D.versin版本。根据动词短语have an impact n...对……产生影响,结合全文内容和常识可知,铁的发明对人类世界产生了巨大的影响。故选B。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。句意:但这里是摩天大楼故事的起点。A.explratin探索;B.innvatin创新;C.cmmitment承诺;D.skyscraper摩天大楼。根据第三段"In 1884,the Hme Insurance Building,the first skyscraper,rse. "(1884年,第一座摩天大楼---家庭保险大厦拔地而起。)可知,二、三两段讲述了在学会了冶炼铁后,人们不断地进行调整、实验和改进,最终建成第一座摩天大楼的经过。故选D。
(6)考查动词及语境理解。句意:他们调整了岩炉,提高了温度,并在矿石中加入了不同的矿物质。A.tracked追踪;B.lcated定位;C.adjusted调整;D.emplyed雇佣。根据句中"raising the temperature and adding different minerals t the re."可知,他们为了让铁更加坚硬,对设备和冶炼过程都进行了调整。故选C。
(7)考查动词及语境理解。句意:随着人们学会把铁变成碳钢,每一次实验都改进了这个过程。A.simplified简化;B.fulfilled完成;C.bserved观察;D.imprved提高、改善。根据下文"Finally,in 1855,an English engineer named Henry Bessemer invented a machine that turned large amunts f irn int steel in just minutes,which is strng and can be made int nearly any(8)_______,including frames fr tall buildings."(最后,在1855年,一位名叫Henry Bessemer的英国工程师发明了一种机器,可以在几分钟内将大量的铁变成钢,这种钢很坚固,可以制成几乎任何形状,包括高层建筑的框架。)可知,英国工程师最终发明了一种先进的机器,这应该是在不断的实验、调整、改进中才能获得的成功,所以每一次实验都改进了把铁变成碳钢的过程。故选D。
(8)考查名词及语境理解。句意:最后,在1855年,一位名叫Henry Bessemer的英国工程师发明了一种机器,可以在几分钟内将大量的铁变成钢,这种钢很坚固,可以制成几乎任何形状,包括高层建筑的框架。A.bject物体、目标;B.shape形状;C.element元素、要素;D.cmmand命令。根据第一段"By heating this rck,they get a new metal,called irn,which they can shape int sharp knives and ther tls."(通过加热这种岩石,他们得到了一种叫做铁的新金属,他们可以把它做成锋利的刀和其他工具。)可知,铁是可以做成一些不同的形状的;结合本句中"including frames fr tall buildings"可知,由铁转化成的刚更加坚固,是可以制成像高层建筑框架之类的各种形状的。故选B。
(9)考查动词短语及语境理解。句意:很快,看到钢索支撑桥梁,人们开始思考钢索如何使电梯安全。A.think abut思考;B.lk int调查;C.participate in参加;D.sak up吸收。根据最后一段"Inventins cme frm ideas,"(发明来自于想法)和"S put n yur thinking caps,because the great inventins f the future(12)_______yur ideas tday!"(所以,戴上你的思考帽,因为未来的伟大发明取决于你今天的想法!)可知,伟大的发明都源自人们的想法和思考,有了想法和思考,才会有实现伟大发明的可能。人们在看到钢索支撑桥梁后就开始思考钢索如何使电梯安全,然后就会才取措施使电梯安全,最终建成摩天大楼。故选A。
(10)考查形容词及语境理解。句意:有了安全的电梯,你可以建造更高的建筑。A.safer更安全;B.strnger更坚固;C.larger更大;D.taller更高。根据下文"It was 138 feet high — higher than any ther building at that time."(它有138英尺高,比当时任何其他建筑都高。)可知,有了安全的电梯后,人们就不再惧怕上楼下楼,就会建成更高的大楼。故选D。
(11)考查名词及语境理解。句意:它象征着我们只要尝试就能完成的事情。A.diagram图表;B.symbl象征;C.prfile轮廓;D.surce来源。根据上一句"The mighty skyscraper is much mre than a building, "(雄伟的摩天大楼不仅仅是一栋建筑,)及本句中"what we can accmplish when we just try things. ",并结合全文内容可知,第一栋摩天大楼是通过人们不断地实验、调整和改进,而最终建成的,所以它不只是一栋建筑,它还象征着我们只要尝试就能完成的事情。故选B。
(12)考查动词短语及语境理解。句意:所以,戴上你的思考帽,因为未来的伟大发明取决于你今天的想法!A.fcus n集中于;B.fld int涌入;C.depend n取决于、依赖;D.wrk ut解决、算出。根据上一句"Inventins cme frm ideas,big and small,and frm peple ld and yung. "(发明来自大大小小的想法,来自人们,年老的、年轻的。)及全文内容可知,要想有伟大的发明,就要先有想法,然后不断尝试改进,最终得以实现,所以未来伟大的发明取决于人们今天的想法。故选C。
本文是篇说明文。通过对人类是如何获得了铁这种金属,进而建成了摩天大楼的叙述,表达了发明始于想法的观点,从而鼓励人们要勇于思考、善于思考,因为未来的伟大发明取决于你今天的想法!
做完形填空首先要通读全文,了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格,所以,必须先通读一至两遍,才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句,做一句。其次要逐句分析,前后一致。选择答案时,要考虑整个句子的内容,包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后,再通读一遍文章,检查是否通顺流畅了,用词得当,意思正确。
26.【答案】treatment
【解析】treat动词,意为"治疗";分析句子结构可知,空格处需要名词作主语,谓语动词是is,所以用单数形式。
故填:treatment。
很遗憾,对肺癌仍然没有有效的治疗方法。
考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
27.【答案】anxiety
【解析】anxius"渴望的;忧虑的",suffer是及物动词,后接名词作宾语,anxiety是不可数名词。
故填:anxiety。
吃大量新鲜蔬菜的女性患焦虑或抑郁的可能性要小得多。
考查单词填空,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性,对于动词要首先分辨是谓语还是非谓,若是谓语,则要注意时态语态和主谓一致;若是非谓则要考查主被动或是不定式;名词要注意单复数,正确写出单词完成句子,使句意更通顺。
28.【答案】charity
【解析】charitable形容词,意为"慈善的",分析句子结构可知,空格处作介词的宾语,应该用名词,charitable的名词是charity,作"慈善,仁慈,慈善事业"讲时,是不可数名词。
故填:charity。
越来越多的人愿意为慈善事业"奉献精力和努力。
考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
29.【答案】symblic
【解析】根据句意和结构可知此空和形容词abstract并列,修饰representatin,用形容词symblic"象征的"。
故填:symblic。
事实上,理论是对被认为是现实的东西的抽象、象征性的表示。
词性转换要求考生不仅具备一定的词汇量,还要注意单词的正确拼写和不同词性。
30.【答案】hesitatin
【解析】hesitate动词,意为"犹豫",分析句子可知,空格处作介词withut的宾语,应该用名词形式hesitatin,withut hesitatin是固定短语,意为"毫不犹豫"。
故填:hesitatin。
消防队员毫不犹豫地冲进着火的房子去救被困的人。
考查词性转换,准确地理解句子、翻译句子,根据提示确定所填单词词性,然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构,根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
31.【答案】【小题1】t be celebrated/celebrating
【小题2】either
【小题3】might/may
【小题4】where
【小题5】allwing
【小题6】better
【小题7】Pwered
【小题8】fr
【解析】(1)考查现在分词和动词不定式的被动。句意:当然,值得庆祝的分娩也发生在那里,但由于灰色的房间里充满了日光灯和静止的空气,医院往往不是任何人最喜欢去的地方。作deserve的宾语,用celebrate的t be dne/ding的形式,故填t be celebrated/celebrating。
(2)考查固定短语。句意:医疗保健专业人员和患者都有焦虑的表情,要么在涂成令人不快的绿色的走廊上无休止地匆匆忙忙,要么被困在不舒适的病房里。根据句意,可知表示"或者或者"用固定短语,故填either。
(3)考查情态动词。句意:然而,随着当今技术的快速进步,以及以人为中心的室内设计方法,未来的医院可能会有很大的不同,给游客带来更愉快的体验。表示对未来不太确定的猜测,用情态动词might/may,故填might/may。
(4)考查非限制性定语从句。句意:病人在医院的旅程总是从接待处开始,那里的病人通常挤在一排又一排吱吱作响的塑料椅子上,填写无聊的文件,等待轮到他们。修饰先行词the receptin,作非限制性定语从句patients are usually crwded int rw upn rw f creaky plastic chairs,filling ut bring paperwrk and awaiting their turn的地点状语,关系词用where,故填where。
(5)考查现在分词。句意:相反,完全集成的在线系统可能会让这一过程变得轻而易举,让患者可以通过电子方式进行登记,从而顺利注册。作Instead,fully integrated nline systems may turn this prcess int a breeze的必然的结果状语,用allw的现在分词allwing,故填allwing。
(6)考查比较级。句意:随着等待时间的减少,大堂空间可能会更好地配备舒适的沙发椅和盆栽,为原本通常令人痛苦的情况带来平静和放松。和现在的医院对比,用well的比较级better,故填better。
(7)考查过去分词。句意:在人工智能的支持下,机器将成为检测身体异常的有效模式,因为高科技传感器扫描你的身体,通过医院主机中的超级计算机处理数据,绝对没有误差。分析句子结构,可知作状语,pwer和主语machines构成被动关系,用过去分词pwered,首字母大写,故填Pwered。
(8)考查介词。句意:在人工智能的支持下,机器将成为检测身体异常的有效模式,因为高科技传感器扫描你的身体,通过医院主机中的超级计算机处理数据,绝对没有误差。表示"没有误差"用固定短语n margin fr errr,故填fr。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了未来更加人性化和先进的医院。
语法填空的解题方法
1.有提示词填空的解题技巧
①给出的提示词是名词:要考虑是否填名词的复数形式以及该名词的形容词、副词形式。
②给出的提示词是动词:要认真分析句子的结构,理解句子的意思。
③给出的提示词是形容词:一般要考虑其副词形式以及比较级和最高级形式,同时还要关注是否要加表示否定或其它意义的前缀、后缀。
2.无提示词填空的解题技巧
按照考纲要求,无提示填空最多填3个单词,一般是填1个单词的,高考中考查的角度主要有:
①代词:这类设空比较少,通常是根据句子意思填一个与语境相关的代词(通常是指示代词),这就要同学们认真体会句子意思了,在没有头绪时大胆猜想是否是填代词。
②冠词:如果设空处后面是名词,那么可以考虑是否要填冠词,再根据句子意思分析是特指还是泛指,并填上合适的冠词,当然,在一些固定搭配中也会涉及冠词,这就要同学们做好积累。
32.【答案】practical applicatin
【解析】根据句意和结构可知此空使用形容词practical意为"实际的"修饰名词applicatin意为"应用"。
故填:practical applicatin。
往往理论研究和实际应用之间存在时滞。
完成句子考题的形式为:给定完整的中文句子及结构较完整的英文句子,空出一个语段要求考生填写。从本质上看,完成句子属汉英翻译,但较之翻译完整的中文句子难度小得多,考生需翻译的语段以1-3个单词居多。
33.【答案】be perated n
【解析】根据句意和结构可知此空使用短语perate n意为"给做手术"Wunded sldiers和perate n是被动关系,和will搭配用be perated n。
故填:be perated n。
受伤的士兵会由医生远程指导战场机动外科手术室单元的机器人设备做手术。
完成句子考题的形式为:给定完整的中文句子及结构较完整的英文句子,空出一个语段要求考生填写。从本质上看,完成句子属汉英翻译,但较之翻译完整的中文句子难度小得多,考生需翻译的语段以1-3个单词居多。
34.【答案】Fr the sake f health/In rder t keep healthy,grandfather/grandpa sticks t getting up early t g jgging/t g fr a jg.
【解析】fr the sake f...为了……的目的,原因,为介词短语,后接名词或动名词短语,in rder t为了,以便,后接动词原形,为了健康Fr the sake f health/In rder t keep healthy作目的状语,句首单词的首字母要大写;爷爷grandfather/grandpa作主语,stick t ding坚持做某事,介词t后接动名词作宾语,g jgging/g fr a jg慢跑,为动词短语,坚持早起慢跑sticks t getting up early t g jgging/t g fr a jg,时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词stick用三单形式。
故填:Fr the sake f health/In rder t keep healthy,grandfather/grandpa sticks t getting up early t g jgging/t g fr a jg.
为了健康,爷爷坚持早起慢跑。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
35.【答案】She srted/classified her class ntes in a well-rganized way,which was impressive.
【解析】srt整理,把……分类,classify把……分类,均为动词,她将课堂笔记分类She srted/classified her class ntes,全句时态为一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式;井井有条in a well-rganized way为介词短语作状语;impressive令人印象深刻的,为形容词,令人印象深刻which was impressive,可用which引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰前句。
故填:She srted/classified her class ntes in a well-rganized way,which was impressive.
她将课堂笔记分类整理得井井有条,令人印象深刻。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
36.【答案】With the full cverage f the Internet/netwrk,it is becming mre and mre cnvenient t cnstantly/persistently/cntinuusly keep track f the latest develpments f all the teachers and students in the schl.
【解析】网络the Internet/netwrk,随着网络的全覆盖With the full cverage f the Internet/netwrk,为介词短语作条件状语,句首单词的首字母要大写;it is becming mre and mre cnvenient t...……变得越来越便利,it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式,keep track f跟踪,记录,理解,为动词短语,了解全校师生发展的最新动态keep track f the latest develpments f all the teachers and students in the schl为真正的主语,cnstantly/persistently/cntinuusly持续地。
故填:With the full cverage f the Internet/netwrk,it is becming mre and mre cnvenient t cnstantly/persistently/cntinuusly keep track f the latest develpments f all the teachers and students in the schl.
随着网络的全覆盖,持续了解全校师生发展的最新动态变得越来越便利。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
37.【答案】Dear Mrs.Wang,
When cnveyed that yu are sliciting pinins cncerning designing summer hmewrk,I feel delighted and hasten t express my suggestins and pinins.(写信目的)
T begin with,I think it is a better frm t cmplete a sentence with the crrect wrds,because in this way can we check whether we have mastered the wrds we have learned this term. 【高分句型一】Mre imprtantly,writing in English reflects students' cmprehensive learning f the English language. (不同形式与内容的作业建议2-3条)Thus I strngly suggest that yu put this frm f hmewrk n yur list.I think it will be very helpful t the students.(给出你的理由)
I hpe that yu can take my suggestins int cnsideratin.And I have the cnfidence that the hmewrk yu will give us will be reasnable and practical.【高分句型二】(希望)
Yurs sincerely, Li Ming
【解析】高分句型一:T begin with,I think it is a better frm t cmplete a sentence with the crrect wrds,because in this way can we check whether we have mastered the wrds we have learned this term.
译文:首先,我认为用正确的单词来完成一个句子是一种更好的形式,因为这样我们就可以检查我们是否掌握了本学期所学的单词。
分析:这句话使用了because引导的原因状语从句,whether引导的宾语从句,we have learned是定语从句修饰the wrds。
高分句型二:And I have the cnfidence that the hmewrk yu will give us will be reasnable and practical.
译文:我相信你给我们的家庭作业会合理实用。
分析:这句话使用了that引导的同位语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文,需要写的内容已经给出,写作时要添加些内容,使文章看起来更充实,要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文,一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题,给出的要点都需要包括,缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态,上下文意思连贯,符合逻辑关系,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式,同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数,不要太多也不要太少。A.resist
B.illegal
C.include
D.decisin
E.psitive
F.negative
G.explratin
H.situatin
I.judgement
A.Therefre,the teachers we wrked with remarked that lessns are typically fcused n the physical prcesses f climate change.
B.Hwever,at present,much f climate change educatin is fcused n the physical aspects f climate change,ften at a glbal scale.
C.The next stages f ur research will reflect hw a separated cmmunity has cme tgether thrugh this jurney twards climate literacy.
D.Being climate literate allws individuals t becme active participants in the fight against climate change.
E.This cllective psychlgical distancing means many fail t recgnise the urgency f the climate crisis.
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