新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲补全“首中尾”准解七选五教师用书

展开

这是一份新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习专题二阅读七选五第二讲补全“首中尾”准解七选五教师用书，共12页。
一、设空在段首——“段落主题”“承上启下”
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧1 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]·__39__
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “40.Thisismerelyuncmfrtable,ntintlerable．” Yu'll then gradually becme mre patient.
A．Find yur causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncmfrtable
D．All this adds up t a state f hurry
E．It can als help us practice mre patience
F．This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G．They're all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances.”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故“接受不舒服”符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧2 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]__39__ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
A.Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B．Make career plans and set gals.
C．Dn't thrw away yur beginner art.
D．Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
F．Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed，redefine yur rle.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段落主题句。根据后文“Seeking and valued and respected”可知，本段主要讲述分享、利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧3 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Parisians are different frm yu and me. They never lk lazy r untidy. As smene nted in this paper a cuple f weeks ag, they eat great fd and never gain weight. 38.The__fd__is__s__delicius__that__yu__dn't__need__much__f__it__t__make__yu__happy. French strawberries d nt taste like cardbard. Instead, they explde in yur muth like little flavr bmbs.
__39__ On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the crner t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
D．The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E．That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F.Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项符合该处语境，且选项中的that指代上文论述过的原因。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
二、设空在段中——处理好“七种关系”
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
技巧1 根据总分关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra，wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens，says，“__38__. I find during the winter mnths，plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity，fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases，such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r 's__ivy__are__amng__the__best．
A．All plants are different
B．Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C．There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D．Instead，they grw better inside，where it is warmer
F．Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G．Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，该段主要讲述了室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用别人的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
[听课笔记]

技巧2 根据解释关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·浙江高考1月卷]Bring a blanket. When yu're riding n trains，yu wn't be prvided with a blanket fr free，even if yur trip is an vernight ne.__38__In the summer in particular，the air cnditining can make them quite cld.
A．Train trips aren't fr impatient types.
B．Yu'll have views frm bth sides f the train.
C．The temperature n rail cars is ften hard t cntrl.
D．That's particularly true during busy summer mnths.
E．Yu might have t wait lnger than 24 hurs t catch the next ne.
F．Chances are the cst will be a lt less than the cst f ne bedrm.
G．He may als bk yu in a sleeping car that's right next t the diner.
【答题微点】
[解析] 从空后句子中的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项“车厢中的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
[听课笔记]

技巧3 根据例证关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]•Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time，but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice.__38__．Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu'll sn find that the mre patience yu practice，the mre yu start t apply it t ther，mre annying situatins.
A．Find yur causes
B．Start with small tasks
C．Accept the uncmfrtable
D．All this adds up t a state f hurry
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice”可知，空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后则进一步列举生活中可以尝试的小事，例如“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake”。选项“从小任务开始”承上启下，并且能与后文形成例证关系，故B项符合语境。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧4 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but, hwever/whereas, nevertheless (然而，不过), thugh, yet, in spite f, at any rate (无论如何), in any case (无论如何，不管怎样), n the cntrary, by cntrast (相反，相比之下), by cmparisn (相比之下), therwise, nt ... but, as well等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]·What are indr plants?
Indr plants，als knwn as huseplants r pt plants，are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species(物种)are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK，especially in the winter. __37__．
C．There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D．Instead，they grw better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are amng the best
F．Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G．Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答题微点】
[解析] 本空前的句子表否定，认为很多植物不适合在英国户外种植，尤其是冬天，D项跟前句形成对比关系，表达相反的情况：grw inside 和warmer，同时instead表转折，可以承接前句。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧5 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/cnsequently, thus/therefre, s, s (such) ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __36__ S the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixthflr apartment the size f a cupbard. It was s tiny that we had t leave ur suitcases in the hallway.
D．The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E．That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F.Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
G．The fd is s delicius that yu dn't need much f it t make yu happy.
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空后的S可知，设空处与空后一句之间构成因果关系。故“我们的目的是想看看我们能否像真正的巴黎人一样生活”是作者和她丈夫在巴黎租住公寓的原因。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧6 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有als, further, furthermre, similarly, mrever, in additin, what's mre, t, either, neither, nt nly als ..., the mre mre ...等。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much，but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme.__36__，but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple's wellbeing by imprving their md(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memry. What's mre，indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
A．All plants are different
B．Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C．There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D．Instead，they grw better inside，where it is warmer
【答题微点】
[解析] 空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且空后的but与选项中的Nt nly在意思上构成递进关系。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
技巧7 根据并列关系确定答案
【经典感悟】
[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]S, hw d yu find a wrkut partner?
First f all, decide what yu want frm that persn. __37__ Or d yu just want t be physically fit, able t mve with strength and flexibility? Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
A．Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse by.
C．Yu'll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D．D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E．Hw can yu write a gd “seeking a training partner” ntice？
【答题微点】
[解析] 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or d yu just want t be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与空后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
[自主解答] ________
[方法总结]
三、设空在段尾——“总结概括”“过渡衔接”
技巧1 段落过渡句
当设空在非尾段段末时，就有可能是考查承上启下的过渡句。假如所缺的是段落间的过渡句，首先可以关注表示逻辑关系的衔接词，再结合词汇复现等原则进行答案的选择。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国甲卷]
Tricks T Becming A Mre Patient Persn
Here's a riddle：What d traffic jams，lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There's ne answer: __36__．
E．It can als help us practice mre patience
F．This is merely uncmfrtable，nt intlerable
G.They're all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答题微点】
[解析] 根据空前的“There's ne answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What d traffic jams，lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn？”。同时，根据文章标题关键词“Patient”和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。
[自主解答] ________
技巧2 补充信息、举例说明句
段末设空还有可能是对上文内容进行补充说明或举例说明，这时要选择补充性的语句。
【经典感悟】
[2023·全国乙卷]Will Spelstra，wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens，says，“38.There__are__many__benefits__t__grwing__plants__indrs. I find during the winter mnths，plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” ... There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases，such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.__39__．
D.Instead，they grw better inside，where it is warmer
E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are amng the best
F．Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
【答题微点】
[解析] 空格位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。
[自主解答] ________
[听课笔记]

技巧3 总结句
当设空在段尾时，通常是结论性、概括性语句，是对上文的概括总结。如果缺的是结论性、概括性的语句，学生应快速浏览选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如s, therefre, hence, thus, as a result, in shrt, in a wrd, all in all, t sum up, t cnclude等词或短语，快速缩小选择范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。
【经典感悟】
[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]At the tp f a secnd page，put the heading “Acts f kindness.”On this ne，list all the psitive things yu've dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk，when yu did the irning withut being asked，r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____38__
D.It's just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E.It desn't mean yu have t ignre what's happened r frget it.
F．Whatever it is，n matter hw small it might seem，write it dwn.
G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答题微点】
[解析] 本题考查段尾总结句。空前讲述了列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情，选项“不管是什么事，不管它看起来可能有多小，把它写下来”总结上文，符合逻辑。
[自主解答] ________
[听课笔记]

练重点练难点·创新应用体验
[2023·衡水中学模拟] Fr making cntact and cmmunicating with a persn, effective eye cntact is essential t ur everyday interactin with peple, and als t thse wh want t be effective cmmunicatrs in public places. __1__.
Generally in Western scieties and many ther cultures, eye cntact with a persn is expected t be regular but nt verly persistent. __2__ , causing the persn wh's the bject f a persn's stare t feel verly studied and uncmfrtable.
__3__ . The New Zealand Medical Jurnal reprted that ne reasn s many yung children fall victim t attacks by pet dgs is their verlylasting eye cntact with pets, which causes them t feel threatened and defensive.
Overly lasting eye cntact is als a sign f a persn's verawareness f the messages they are giving. In the case f peple wh try t lie t smene, they may distrt (扭曲) their eye cntact s that they're nt aviding it. __4__. But n the cntrary, evasive (逃避的) eye cntact is a sign f discmfrt. Why d we avid lking at a persn? It may be because we feel ashamed t be lking at them if we're being dishnest f trying t take them in. Evasive eye cntact may als be a sign f dishnesty.
Hwever, Sctland's University f Stirling fund that, in a questinandanswer study amng children, thse wh maintained eye cntact were less likely t cme up with the crrect answer t a questin than thse wh lked away t cnsider their respnse. __5__ , when this energy culd be spent n deep thinking.
A．This is a widely recgnized indicatr f lying
B．Cnstant eye cntact is ften cnsidered t be rude
C．Eye cntact is the act f lking int smene's eyes
D．But there's smething yu may nt knw abut eye cntact
E．Overpwering eye cntact can make the ther persn excited
F．Even between humans and nnhumans, lasting eye cntact is smetimes unadvisable
G．Eye cntact, as a scializing device, can take a surprising amunt f effrt t maintain
[答题区]
1～5 ________________
第二讲补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
清迷点·扫盲点提升审题能力
一、
技巧1 答案：C
技巧2 答案：D
技巧3 答案：E
二、
技巧1 答案：C
技巧2 答案：C
技巧3 答案：B
技巧4 答案：D
技巧5 答案：F
技巧6 答案：B
技巧7 答案：D
三、
技巧1 答案：G
技巧2 答案：E
技巧3 答案：F
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活中一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
1．答案与解析：D 根据上文“Fr making cntact and cmmunicating with a persn, effective eye cntact is essential t ur everyday interactin with peple, and als t thse wh want t be effective cmmunicatrs in public places.”可知，上文介绍了眼神交流在生活中的重要性，D项能够承接上文并引起下文，下文介绍的正是一些你可能不知道的关于眼神交流的事。
2．答案与解析：B 根据上文“Generally in Western scieties and many ther cultures, eye cntact with a persn is expected t be regular but nt verly persistent.”可知，上文告诉我们，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，B项能够承接上文，在西方社会和许多其他文化中，眼神接触不应该过于持久，因为不断的目光接触通常被认为是粗鲁的。
3．答案与解析：F 根据下文可知，下文告诉我们儿童与宠物长时间的眼神接触使宠物狗感到受到威胁，并攻击儿童，F项“即使在人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触有时也是不可取的”能够引起下文，下文正是人类和非人类之间，持续的目光接触所带来的危害。
4．答案与解析：A 根据上文“In the case f peple wh try t lie t smene, they may distrt (扭曲) their eye cntact s that they're nt aviding it.”可知，上文告诉我们有人试图撒谎时，会通过扭曲他们的眼神接触来掩饰心虚，A项是对上文内容的总结，扭曲眼神接触是一个被广泛认可的说谎标志。
5．答案与解析：G 根据下文“when this energy culd be spent n deep thinking.”可知，文章结尾进行总结，告诉我们眼神交流需要进行练习，进行深入思考，G项能够引起下文，眼神交流作为一种社交手段，需要付出惊人的努力才能保持，我们需要花费精力用于深入思考。