专题08 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“文章大意”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题08 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“文章大意”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习，文件包含专题08培优小题狂练阅读理解“文章大意”题考情+技法+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习原卷版docx、专题08培优小题狂练阅读理解“文章大意”题考情+技法+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共38页， 欢迎下载使用。


【近年高考考情】
1.（2022▪全国甲卷▪C篇）31题
2.（2020▪全国III卷▪C篇）31题
【实用解题妙招】
一、设题方式
1. What is the text mainly abut?
2. What is the passage mainly abut?
二、记叙文主旨大意题
1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主
2.借助主题词或关键词归纳
三、说明文和议论文主旨大意题
1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主
2.借助主题词或关键词归纳
四、文章大意题错误选项典型错误
一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意；
二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；
三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。
五、文章大意五种题型
题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。
题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。
题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ shrt, all in all, in cnclusin, in a wrd等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
六、文章大意题思维导图
【高考真题再练】
1.（2022全国甲卷）
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
28-31 ACCA
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
30. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71 has had a deep lve fr travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhd dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
2.（2020全国III卷C篇）
With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.
The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law, she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl — ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
“We flated the idea t my mum f sharing at a huse,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spke mre with Nick because I think it’s a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”
And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It’s hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband’s family when they get married.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A. Nick. B. Rita.C. KathrynD. The daughters.
29. What is Nick’s attitude twards sharing the huse with his mther-in -law?
A. Psitive.B. Carefree.C. Tlerant.D. Unwilling.
30. What is the authr’s statement abut multigeneratinal family based n?
A. Family traditins.B. Financial reprts.
C. Published statistics. D. Public pinins.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Lifestyles in different cuntries.B. Cnflicts between generatins.
C. A husing prblem in Britain.D. A rising trend f living in the UK.
28-31 BACD
【导读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中使用一楼。
29. A。 推理判断题。根据第五段“And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。
30. C。细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2002 t 419,000 in 2013.根据第七段“It is said that abut 20% f 25-34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991.The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.”可知，据说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。
31. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。
【名校好题强化】
（2024届浙江省金华市金华十校高三上学期一模英语试题）If yu’ve gt mre than ne kid, yu’re shwing favritism, whether yu knw it r nt.
“Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.
“The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.
Favritism is nt exactly a bn fr the favred child, either. Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.
It may seem absurd, but the ppsite can als ccur. Favred children may experience anxiety and insecurity, resulting frm their favrite child status. “Children are bservant. They knw when they are getting praise fr things they have nt earned, such as being yur favrite. Fr this reasn, they knw, and fear, that these things might be taken away frmthem at any time, fr any reasn,” says Gidenk
Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman
1. What can we learn abut unfavred children?
A. They want t please their parents
B. They care little abut their siblings.
C. They tend t lack a sense f identity
D. They hpe t be the black sheep f the family.
2. What des the underlined wrd “bn” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Blessing.B. Challenge.C. Hnr.D. Burden.
3. What des Newman suggest parents d in the last paragraph?
A. Treat their children equally
B. Explain themselves t their children
C. Strengthen their bnd with their children
D. Remve the differences between their children
4. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The slutins t parental favritism
B. The cnsequences f parental favritism
C. An analysis f why parents play favrites
D. A cntrast between favred and unfavred children
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，指出在有多个孩子的家庭中，父母很可能会出现对某个孩子的偏爱，无论他们自己是否意识到。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段““The unfavred child can feel defeated, and unmtivated, as a result f wrking hard t get parental supprt, with n success,” says Yelena Gidenk, a licensed cunselr. “He rshe may als suffer frm depressin and becme angry, bitter, r jealus,” she adds Children feeling this way may act ut, in an effrt t get their parent’s attentin, making matters wrse. They may als behave inapprpriately, becming the black sheep, which they believe their parents already see. “Unfavred children may have a hard time accepting wh they are, since they d nt feel accepted by their parents,” adds Gidenk.(持证心理咨询师叶莲娜·吉登科(Yelena Gidenk)说：“不受宠爱的孩子会感到挫败，没有动力，因为他们努力获得父母的支持，却没有成功。”她补充说：“他或她也可能患有抑郁症，变得愤怒、痛苦或嫉妒。”有这种感觉的孩子可能会采取行动，试图引起父母的注意，使事情变得更糟。他们也可能表现得不得体，成为害群之马，他们认为父母已经看到了这一点。“不受宠爱的孩子可能很难接受自己，因为他们觉得自己不被父母接受，”金登科补充道。)”可推知，不受宠爱的孩子他们往往缺乏认同感，所以试图引起父母的注意。故选C项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“Kids wh feel that they are their parent’s favrite smetimes translate that int a g pass fr their behavir in future relatinships. “Favred children may feel a sense f entitlement, and that rules d nt apply t them,” says Gidenk. This can negatively affect the way they act in schl, at wrk, and in their friendships.(那些觉得自己是父母最爱的孩子有时会把这种感觉转化为他们在未来关系中的行为。“受宠的孩子可能会有一种权利感，觉得规则不适用于他们，”金登科说。这会对他们在学校、工作和友谊中的表现产生负面影响)”可知，本段主要讲述了偏袒对被偏爱的孩子来说，也不完全是好处，所以推知bn意为“益处”和A项意思相近。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Newman urges parents t remember that it’s nt pssible t treat children equally because they are all different. What parents can, and shuld d is talk t their kids abut hw, and why, they treat them the way they d. “Accrding t research, parents dn’t talkabut this. They dn’t say why ne child gets mre time than anther. If they d, they are preserving their bnd with each child,” says Newman(纽曼敦促父母记住，不可能平等对待孩子，因为他们都是不同的。父母能做的，也应该做的，是告诉他们的孩子，他们是如何对待他们的，以及为什么要这样对待他们。“根据研究，父母不会谈论这个问题。他们没有说为什么一个孩子比另一个孩子得到更多的时间。如果他们这样做，他们就保留了与每个孩子的联系，”纽曼说)”可知，纽曼在本段建议父母加强他们与孩子的联系。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Parents may favr ne child ver anther, fr a lt f reasns. The child may have an easy temperament (性情) r might behave particularly well r may lk like yu,” says Susan Newman, a psychlgist. “But regardless f the reasn, every child must be made t feel lved and special, in rder t fully develp.” Newman warns that favring ne child ver their siblings (兄弟姐妹) publicly can have a significantly negative effect.(“出于很多原因，父母可能会偏爱一个孩子。这个孩子可能性情随和，或者表现得特别好，或者长得像你，”心理学家苏珊·纽曼(Susan Newman)说。“但不管是什么原因，为了全面发展，每个孩子都必须感受到爱和特别。”纽曼警告说，公开地偏爱一个孩子而不是他们的兄弟姐妹会产生明显的负面影响)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了父母偏爱的后果。故选B项。
（23·24上·丹东·期中）The stry abut hrses in Nrth America tld in several written histries is in need f an update, accrding t a new study. After examining ancient remains f hrses, researchers suggest indigenus(土著的) peples had spread the animals thrugh the American West by the first half f the 1600s—befre they met Eurpeans.
The findings line up with ral histries frm indigenus grups, which tell f interactins with hrses befre settlers arrived in their hmelands. Meanwhile, written Eurpean texts frm the 1700s and 1800s stated that hrses nly spread thrugh the area after 1680.
Hrses riginated in the Americas arund fur millin years ag, but by abut 10,000 years ag, they had mstly disappeared frm the recrd. Spanish settlers likely first brught hrses back t the Americas in 1519. Accrding t the new study, indigenus peples then transprted hrses nrth alng trade netwrks.
T find when the animals spread, researchers examined the remains f mre than twenty hrses discvered acrss the Western U.S. Rather than simply walking arund the cuntryside n their wn, the hrses appear t have been part f Native American culture. Signs f teeth prblems n ne hrse and grwths n the bnes f the head f anther suggested peple had put bridles(缰绳) n the animals. Certain chemical elements in the animals’ teeth suggested they ate maize, an indigenus plant. And anther hrse had a previusly brken facial bne that had fully recvered, meaning it might have received medical treatment.
Researchers cmpared the ancient hrses’ DNA with that f mdern hrses and fund that the centuries-ld hrses had largely Spanish rigins. Tgether, the findings suggest hrses spread “frm Spanish settlements in the American Suthwest t the nrthern Rckies and central Great Plains by the first half f the 17th century.”
The findings als highlight the imprtance f indigenus ral traditins in understanding histry. “Our cultures have been s misunderstd fr s lng,” says c-authr Yvette Cllin. “T ften histry has been tld arund us, withut us.”
5. What needs t be updated accrding t the new study?
A. When hrses shwed up in the Americas.B. Wh intrduced hrses t Nrth America.
C. When Native Americans first met Eurpeans.D. Wh spread hrses thrugh the American West.
6. What did researchers find ut abut ancient hrses frm the remains?
A. They played a rle in natives’ life.B. They were brn with tth disease.
C. They were badly treated by natives.D. They had hardly any Spanish rigins.
7. What des Cllin think f ral histries?
A. They spread easily.B. They are f great significance.
C. They pass dwn traditins.D. They unite indigenus grups.
8. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Written texts explain human-hrse interactins.
B. Oral histries help us understand Indigenus cultures.
C. New research rewrites the histry f American hrses.
D. Archaelgical remains are the key t learning abut the past.
5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究发现北美土著人在欧洲人到达之前就将马传播到了西部地区，有关北美马的历史需要重新书写。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The stry abut hrses in Nrth America tld in several written histries is in need f an update, accrding t a new study. After examining ancient remains f hrses, researchers suggest indigenus(土著的) peples had spread the animals thrugh the American West by the first half f the 1600s—befre they met Eurpeans.(根据一项新的研究，几部书面历史中讲述的北美马的故事需要更新。在检查了古代马的遗骸后，研究人员认为，在17世纪上半叶，土著人在遇到欧洲人之前，就已经将马传播到了美洲西部。)”可知，研究发现土著人在欧洲人之前就把马传到了美洲西部，所以关于北美马的历史中需要更新关于谁将马传到美洲西部的知识。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Rather than simply walking arund the cuntryside n their wn, the hrses appear t have been part f Native American culture.(这些马似乎是美洲原住民文化的一部分，而不是简单地独自在乡村漫步。)”可知，研究人员从古代马的遗骸中发现，这些马构成了美洲原住民文化的一部分，由此可推测出，马在原住民生活中扮演了一定的角色。故选A。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The findings als highlight the imprtance f indigenus ral traditins in understanding histry.(研究结果还强调了土著口头传统在理解历史方面的重要性。)”和合著者Yvette Cllin的话“Our cultures have been s misunderstd fr s lng(长久以来，我们的文化一直被曲解)”可知，研究结果强调了土著口头传统在理解历史方面的重要性，接着讲述了Yvette Cllin的观点，Cllin认为土著文化长期以来一直被人们曲解。由此可推测出，Cllin认为口头历史具有重要意义。故选B。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段第一句“The stry abut hrses in Nrth America tld in several written histries is in need f an update, accrding t a new study.(根据一项新的研究，几部书面历史中讲述的北美马的故事需要更新。)”点明了主题，即一项新研究重新书写了美洲马的历史。故选C。
（22·23上·绵阳·阶段练习）Ant queens are famusly lng-lived, even thugh they shuldn’t be. Generally, animals that put lts f energy int reprductin sacrifice sme time ff their life. But ant queens prduce millins f eggs and live an extrardinarily lng time cmpared with wrker ants that dn’t reprduce.
Nw, researchers have shwn hw ne ant species pulls ff this anti-aging technique. When queens and hpeful queens f the species Harpegnaths saltatr speed up t reprduce, a part f what’s called the insulin (胰岛素) signaling pathway gets blcked, slwing aging, the researchers reprt in the Sept. 2 Science. That mlecular pathway has lng been cnnected with aging in mammals, including humans.
“There’s been a nced t understand why queens, r reprductives, in scial insects can live fr s amazingly lng,” says Marc Tatar, a bilgist at Brwn University in Prvidence,R. L, wh was nt invlved with the study. Sme ant species have queens that survive 30 times as lng as their wrkers.
In a rare behavir fr ants, when a queen H. saltatr dies, sme female wrkers begin cmpeting in fights fr the chance t replace her. These hpeful ryals develp varies (卵巢), start laying eggs and transitin int queenlike frms called gamergates. When a wrker transitins t a gamergate, her life span becmes five times as lng as it was. But if she desn’t end up becming queen and returns t a wrker, her life span shrtens again.
The researchers explited this behavir t investigate the mlecular strengthening f anti-aging in these ants. H. saltatr gamergates, it turns ut, extend their life spans by taking advantage f a split in the insulin signaling pathway, the chain f chemical reactins that drive insulin’s effects n the bdy. One branch f this pathway is invlved with reprductin, while the ther is cnnected with aging.
9. What d yu knw frm Paragraph 1?
A. Ant queens live unexpectedly lnger.
B. Wrker ants live lnger than ther ants.
C. Female animals live lnger than male nes.
D. Animals in reprductin live lnger than thers.
10. What’s the key t ant queens’ slwing age?
A. They speed up t reprduce.
B. The mlecular pathway cntributes t it.
C. The insulin signaling pathway gets blcked.
D. They’ve invented advanced anti-aging techniqucs.
11. What will happen after an ant queen dies?
A. The ant grup will be dismissed.
B. A gamergate will finally replace it.
C. The hpeful ryals will surely becme queens.
D. The female wrkers use thcir wn varies t lay eggs.
12. What’s the passage mainly abut?
A. The secret f anti-aging.
B. The life span f an ant queen.
C. The ant queen’s secret f lng life.
D. The prcess f a gamergate t becme a queen.
9. A 10. C 11. B 12. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蚁后长寿的秘密，详细讲述研究过程。
9. 细节理解题。由文章第一段“Ant queens are famusly lng-lived, even thugh they shuldn’t be. Generally, animals that put lts f energy int reprductin sacrifice sme time ff their life. But ant queens prduce millins f eggs and live an extrardinarily lng time cmpared with wrker ants that dn’t reprduce. (众所周知，蚁后的寿命很长，尽管它们不应该如此。一般来说，将大量精力投入繁殖的动物会牺牲一些生命。但是蚁后生产数百万个卵，与不繁殖的工蚁相比，它们的寿命非常长。)”可知，蚁后的寿命出乎意料地长。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。由文章第二段中“When queens and hpeful queens f the species Harpegnaths saltatr speed up t reprduce, a part f what’s called the insulin signaling pathway gets blcked, slwing aging, the researchers reprt in the Sept. 2 Science. (研究人员在9月2日的《科学》杂志上报告说，当哈尔佩纳索斯的蚁后和有希望的蚁后加速繁殖时，胰岛素信号通路的一部分被阻断，从而减缓了衰老。)”可知，蚂蚁衰老的关键是胰岛素信号通路一部分被阻断。故选C。
11. 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“In a rare behavir fr ants, when a queen H. saltatr dies, sme female wrkers begin cmpeting in fights fr the chance t replace her. These hpeful ryals develp varies (卵巢), start laying eggs and transitin int queenlike frms called gamergates. (对于蚂蚁来说，一种罕见的行为是，当一哈尔佩纳索斯的蚁后死亡时，一些女工开始争夺接替她的机会。这些满怀希望的王室成员会发育卵巢，开始产卵，并转变为类似女王的形式，被称作“生殖型假蚁后”)”可知，蚁后死亡时“生殖型假蚁后”最终会取代它。故选B。
12. 主旨大意题。由文章第一段中“Ant queens are famusly lng-lived, even thugh they shuldn’t be. (众所周知，蚁后的寿命很长，尽管它们不应该如此。)”可知，本句总领全文，引出文章的主题，即蚁后长寿的秘密，接着详细讲述研究过程和人类的关系等。故选C。
（22·23上·成都·开学考试）Yu’ve mst likely heard the news by nw: A car-cmmuting, desk-bund, TV-watching lifestyle can be harmful t ur health. All the time that we spend rted in the chair is linked t increased risks f s many deadly diseases that experts have named this mdern-day health epidemic the “sitting disease”.
Sitting fr t lng slws dwn the bdy’s metablism (新陈代谢) and the way enzymes (酶) break dwn ur fat reserves, raising bth bld sugar levels and bld pressure. Small amunts f regular activity, even just standing and mving arund, thrughut the day is enugh t bring the increased levels back dwn. And thse small amunts f activity add up—30 minutes f light activity in tw r three-minute bursts can be just as effective as a half-hur blck f exercise. But withut that activity, bld sugar levels and bld pressure keep creeping up, steadily damaging the inside f the arteries (动脉) and increasing the risk f diabetes, heart disease, strke, and ther serius diseases. In essence, fundamental changes in bilgy ccur if yu sit fr t lng.
But wait, yu’re a runner. Yu needn’t wrry abut the harm f a sedentary lifestyle because yu exercise regularly, right? Well, nt s fast. Recent studies shw that peple spend an average f 64 hurs a week sitting, whether r nt they exercise 150 minutes a week as recmmended by Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO). Regular exercisers, furthermre, are fund t be abut 30 percent less active n days when they exercise. Overall, mst peple simply aren’t exercising r mving arund enugh t cunteract all the harm that can result frm sitting nine hurs r mre a day.
Scared straight ut f yur chair? Gd. The remedy is as simple as standing up and taking activity breaks.
13. What is the best way t bring dwn high bld sugar level and bld pressure?
A. Interrupting sitting time with light activity as ften as pssible.
B. Exercising fr 150 minutes r mre every week.
C. Getting rid f the habit f car cmmuting and TV watching.
D. Standing r mving arund fr at least tw r three minutes every day.
14. What des the wrd “sedentary” in the third paragraph mst likely meant?
A. Mdern.B. Risky.C. Epidemic.D. Inactive.
15. Which f the fllwing may be inferred abut thse wh d serius exercise?
A. They usually d nt meet the standard f exercise recmmended by WHO.
B. They generally spend less time sitting than thse wh are inactive.
C. They tend t stand r mve arund less n their wrk-ut days.
D. They ften live lnger than thse wh dn’t exercise.
16. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The threat t ur health frm lng hurs f sitting.
B. The challenges f the mdern lifestyle.
C. The reasns fr the spread f a mdern epidemic.
D. The effect f regular exercise n ur bdy.
13. A 14. D 15. C 16. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了久坐对我们健康的威胁。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Small amunts f regular activity, even just standing and mving arund, thrughut the day is enugh t bring the increased levels back dwn. (少量的有规律的活动，即使只是站着走动，也足以将增加的水平降下来)”可知，降低高血糖和高血压的最好方法是尽可能多地用轻松的活动来打断坐着的时间。故选A项。
14. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“But withut that activity, bld sugar levels and bld pressure keep creeping up, steadily damaging the inside f the arteries (动脉) and increasing the risk f diabetes, heart disease, strke, and ther serius diseases. In essence, fundamental changes in bilgy ccur if yu sit fr t lng.(但如果没有这种活动，血糖水平和血压就会不断攀升，不断破坏动脉内部，增加患糖尿病、心脏病、中风和其他严重疾病的风险。从本质上说，如果你坐的时间太长，生物学就会发生根本的变化)”及划线词前文“But wait, yu’re a runner.(但是等一下，你是一个跑步者)”可知，你不必担心久坐不动的生活方式的危害。由此推知，划线词的意思是“不活跃的”。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recent studies shw that peple spend an average f 64 hurs a week sitting, whether r nt they exercise 150 minutes a week as recmmended by Wrld Health Organizatin (WHO). Regular exercisers, furthermre, are fund t be abut 30 percent less active n days when they exercise. (最近的研究表明，人们每周平均有64小时是坐着的，不管他们是否按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议每周运动150分钟。此外，研究发现，经常锻炼的人在锻炼的日子里，活跃度要低30%左右)”可推知，在锻炼的日子里，他们往往很少站着或走动。故选C项。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Yu’ve mst likely heard the news by nw: A car-cmmuting, desk-bund, TV-watching lifestyle can be harmful t ur health. All the time that we spend rted in the chair is linked t increased risks f s many deadly diseases that experts have named this mdern-day health epidemic the “sitting disease”. (你现在很可能已经听到了这样的新闻：开车上下班、坐在办公桌前、看电视的生活方式对我们的健康有害。我们整天坐在椅子上，会增加患许多致命疾病的风险，专家们将这种现代健康流行病命名为“久坐病”。)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于长时间坐着对我们健康的威胁。故选A项。
（23·24上·广州·阶段练习）Recrd sea ice lss caused a mass die-ff f emperr penguin chicks in part f Antarctica last year, strengthening predictins that the wrld’s largest penguin will sn be in danger f extinctin.
Unlike ther penguins, emperrs breed (繁殖) n sea ice rather than land.Male emperr penguins hatch the eggs during the Antarctic winter. The furry grey chicks need stable sea ice until December t grw their black waterprf feathers and gain enugh muscle t swim. If they g int the water befre they develp feathers, chicks can drwn r freeze t death.
In February, the area f sea ice arund Antarctica reached the lwest extent ever bserved. After much f the ice began breaking up late last year, fur ut f five habitats in the hard-bit central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea suffered a ttal breeding failure, with n chicks surviving t the feather grwing perid. In mid-Nvember, the sea ice there brke up, frcing the penguins t abandn the habitat and mst if nt all f their chicks.
A research team frm Oxfrd Brkes University mnitred ppulatins by sptting penguin faeces (排泄物) in satellite phts. Emperr penguins tend t stay clse, walking in a tight grup t stay warm in temperatures as lw as -60°C. The buildup f the habitat’s faeces stains the ice s brwn that it can be seen frm space. Once a habitat has been identified, researchers can cunt the individual penguins in very high-reslutin satellite images.
The bservatins add weight t mdelling predictins that 90 percent f emperr penguin habitats culd be extinct r past the pint f n return by 2100 if current rates f warming cntinue. While habitats can lse chicks in heavy strms r when severe winds break up the sea ice, this is the first-time widespread breeding failure has been linked t disappearing ice.
“Failure is the nrm, but cmplete failure acrss a whle regin, that’s nt nrmal,” says Tim at Oxfrd Brkes University. “Will this impact the ppulatin? It really depends n hw ften it happens.”
17. What was the result f the ice breaking last year?
A. The area f the sea reached the lwest pint ever.
B. Emperr penguins left the habitats with their chicks.
C. Emperr penguins had t search fr fd themselves.
D. Mst emperr penguins chicks studied failed t survive.
18. Hw did the team identify a habitat in satellite images?
A. By cunting the penguins.
B. By making the images clearer.
C. By sptting brwn stained ice.
D. By cllecting penguins’ faeces.
19. What can be inferred frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. The area suffered breeding failure fr the first time.
B. Severe strms caused the extensive breeding failure.
C. The ttal failure has made emperr penguins extinct.
D. The frequency f ice breaking needs t be cntrlled.
20. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The main causes f glbal warming.
B. The exlinet emperr penguin habitats.
C. Emperr penguins’ severe breeding failure.
D. Health prblems f emperr penguin chicks.
17. D 18. C 19. D 20. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由于海冰创纪录的融化，造成帝企鹅严重的繁殖失败。
17. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After much f the ice began breaking up late last year, fur ut f five habitats in the hard-bit central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea suffered a ttal breeding failure, with n chicks surviving t the feather grwing perid. (在去年年底大部分冰开始破裂后，在硬硬的别林斯高森海中部和东部，五分之四的栖息地遭遇了完全的繁殖失败，没有一只雏鸟存活到羽毛的生长期)”可知，去年的破冰结果是造成了大多数被研究的帝企鹅幼崽都没能存活。故选D项。
18. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A research team frm Oxfrd Brkes University mnitred ppulatins by sptting penguin faeces (排泄物) in satellite phts.(牛津布鲁克斯大学的一个研究小组通过在卫星照片中发现企鹅粪便来监测种群数量)”可知，研究小组是通过卫星照片中企鹅粪便来监测种群的数量，结合下文中的“The buildup f the habitat’s faeces stains the ice s brwn that it can be seen frm space.(栖息地的粪便堆积将冰染成棕色，从太空中都能看到)”可知，栖息地的粪便把冰染成棕色。由此可知，该团队是通过发现棕色的冰在卫星图像中确地栖息地的。故选C项。
19. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The bservatins add weight t mdelling predictins that 90 percent f emperr penguin habitats culd be extinct r past the pint f n return by 2100 if current rates f warming cntinue.(这些观察结果为模型预测增加了权重，即如果目前的变暖速度继续下去，到2100年，90%的帝企鹅栖息地可能会灭绝或超过无法恢复的临界点)”可知，如果按照目前气候变暖的速度继续，到2100年90%的帝企鹅栖息地将可能灭绝或处于临界点，结合尾段中的“Will this impact the ppulatin? It really depends n hw ften it happens.(这会影响帝企鹅的数量吗？这真的取决于它发生的频率)”可知，帝企鹅的数量是否会受影响取决于破冰发生的频率。由此推知，帝企鹅的数量要想不受影响，破冰的频率需要控制。故选D项。
20. 主旨大意题。根据首段“Recrd sea ice lss caused a mass die-ff f emperr penguin chicks in part f Antarctica last year, strengthening predictins that the wrld’s largest penguin will sn be in danger f extinctin.(去年，创纪录的海冰融化导致南极洲部分地区的帝企鹅幼崽大量死亡，这进一步证实了世界上最大的企鹅即将面临灭绝的预测)”及下文内容可知，研究者发现随着气候变暖造成海冰减少导致帝企鹅的栖息地减少，进而造成帝企鹅繁殖失败。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是帝企鹅繁殖的严重失败。故选C项。
（23·24上·昆明·期中）A penny saved is a penny earned. And mre and mre benny-wise yung Chinese are abandning cnsumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by develping anti-cnsumerism cncepts.
Accrding t a survey by JD. cm, nearly 50% f respndents wuld use all means t save mney and mre than 30% plan t becme deal-hunters t fit in their budgets. Mre than 80% f Generatin Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a mnth. When shpping, they care the mst abut practicability, persnal preference and price, instead f brands, ppularity and brand spkesmen.
And mre than 600,000 users have jined a grup named Frenzied Mney Savers n Duban, a ppular scial media platfrm, where members share smetimes extreme ideas, tips, bks and everything t save hard-earned mney. Fr instance, sme recmmended uninstalling shpping apps such as Taba, Meituan and Pindudu and installing it each time yu really need t buy smething s as t hld back the urge t spend. And milk tea, cffee and takeuts are strngly ppsed by many.
Chinese have lng established and valued the saving culture with the cuntry’s husehld savings rate leading the wrld. Yung Chinese wh are brn in a relatively prsperus and abundant sciety have learned t get rid f the addictin t cnsumerism and use mney in a mre sensible and wiser way, which culd help create a mre healthy and upbeat scial vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages t the envirnment caused by ver cnsumptin.
Just as the American writer Thedre Thrntn said, the habit f saving is itself an educatin. Yet saving is certainly nt the final gal, but spending mney where it truly deserves helps realize ne’s life bjectives. T save and spend wisely are lessns yung peple all ver the wrld have t learn.
21. Why are mre and mre yung Chinese becming benny-wise?
A. They tend t accept cnsumerism.B. They spend mney withut hesitatin.
C. They are shaped by multiple cultures.D. They are in favr f ecnmical life.
22. What may Generatin Z Chinese tare the mst when shpping?
A. Budgets and service.B. Practicability and price.
C. Persnal preference and brands.D. Shpping apps and platfrms.
23. What message des the authr want t cnvey in Paragraph 4?
A. Anti-cnsumerism is beneficial t scial prgress.
B. Saving mney can be many peple’s life bjective.
C. Many scial issues mainly result frm cnsumerism.
D. Yung Chinese are lucky t be brn in a prsperus sciety.
24. What is the text mainly abut?
A. There is n increasing need fr cnsumerism.
B. Old virtue f being frugal is still nt utdated.
C. Tips n saving mney are imprtant fr the yung.
D. Cnsumerism has an impact n ecnmic develpment.
21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了现在越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的生活。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And mre and mre benny-wise yung Chinese are abandning cnsumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by develping anti-cnsumerism cncepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”可知，是因为他们正在摒弃消费主义，赞成俭朴的生活。故选D项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Mre than 80% f Generatin Z Chinese spend less than 5,000 yuan ($737) a mnth. When shpping, they care the mst abut practicability, persnal preference and price, instead f brands, ppularity and brand spkesmen.(超过80%的Z世代中国消费者每月消费低于人民币5000元(合737美元)。在购物时，他们最关心的是实用性、个人喜好和价格，而不是品牌、知名度和品牌代言人)”可知，中国Z世代在购物时最看重实用性、个人喜好和价格。故选B项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Chinese have lng established and valued the saving culture with the cuntry’s husehld savings rate leading the wrld. Yung Chinese wh are brn in a relatively prsperus and abundant sciety have learned t get rid f the addictin t cnsumerism and use mney in a mre sensible and wiser way, which culd help create a mre healthy and upbeat scial vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages t the envirnment caused by ver cnsumptin.(中国人很早就建立并重视储蓄文化，中国的家庭储蓄率居世界前列。出生在一个相对富裕的社会中的中国年轻人已经学会了摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更明智的方式使用金钱，这可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，此外还可以减少过度消费造成的巨大浪费和对环境的破坏)”可知，本段主要讲述摆脱消费瘾，以一种更明智、更明智的方式使用金钱，这可以帮助创造一个更健康、更乐观的社会氛围，也就是反消费主义有利于社会进步。故选A项。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“A penny saved is a penny earned. And mre and mre benny-wise yung Chinese are abandning cnsumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by develping anti-cnsumerism cncepts.(省一文就是赚一文。越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，通过培养反消费主义的观念，过着越来越节俭的生活)”以及最后一段“Just as the American writer Thedre Thrntn said, the habit f saving is itself an educatin. Yet saving is certainly nt the final gal, but spending mney where it truly deserves helps realize ne’s life bjectives. T save and spend wisely are lessns yung peple all ver the wrld have t learn.(正如美国作家西奥多·桑顿所说，储蓄的习惯本身就是一种教育。然而，储蓄当然不是最终目标，但把钱花在真正值得的地方有助于实现一个人的人生目标。储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必须学习的课程)”可知，本文主要讲述了越来越多精明的中国年轻人正在摒弃消费主义，过着越来越节俭的生活，而储蓄和明智消费是全世界年轻人必须学习的课程，所以B项“Old virtue f being frugal is still nt utdated.(节俭的旧美德仍然没有过时)”最能概括文章内容。故选B项。
（23·24上·贵阳·阶段练习）It’s natural that peple want t use the latest innvatins t better themselves. Smart devices can truly d incredible things and help t simplify ur day. They can als enhance ur perceptins, arm us with knwledge, and pen up a wrld f new pssibilities. A few peple have even decided t make the leap and transfrm themselves t becme cybrgs.
Cybrg is a term used t describe a being that is half human and half machine. This may sund like smething ut f science-fictin films, but sme peple have already adpted this lifestyle. One is artist Neil Harbissn. He was brn cmpletely clr-blind, and culd nly see black and white images. It seemed that he wuld never experience clrs. After attending a cybemetics (神经机械学) talk in cllege, he met an inventr wh agreed t make a special device fr him. They designed an eyebrg, a mechanical eye that cnverted clrs int sund frequencies. This enabled Harbissn t hear clrs and perceive the wrld in a different way. He started ging t museums t “hear”classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk dwn a grcery stre filled with clrful prducts prduces sme catchy tunes (动听的曲调), Harbissn lves his eyebrg s much that he rarely takes it ff. He nw gives talks urging thers t cnsider adding their wn mechanical imprvements.
British scientist Kevin Warwick cnducted his wn experiment in 1998. He implanted a chip inside f his arm, which he used t cntrl lights and ther appliances at hme. He later expanded the prject by placing electrdes inside his nervus system and linking it t the Internet. This allwed him t cntrl external bjects including rbtic arms and ludspeakers. His wrk remains influential as this example f extended sensry input was the first f its kind.
If yu’re interested in becming a cybrg and yu’re willing a gd place t start, it might be with a pair f Ggle Glass. Users wear it like rdinary eyeglasses. Using vice cmmands yu can have it take pictures f what yu see, see directins right in frnt f yu, r translate yur vice int ther languages. Hpefully this experience will help yu decide whether becming a cybrg is right fr yu, r if yu’re cntent t remain a human like the rest f us.
25. What can we knw abut the eyebrg frm Paragraph 2?
A. It is a machine which is half human eye and half machine.
B. It is a device that cnverts hearings int clrs fr clr-blind.
C. It makes the clr-blind perceive clrs by hearing sund frequencies.
D. It enables the clr-blind t identify clrs by creating classic paintings.
26. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By cmparisn.B. By classificatin.
C. By giving examples.D. By listing data.
27. What is prbably the authr’s attitude t the experience f being a cybrg?
A. Psitive.B. Skeptical.
C. Indifferent.D. Ambiguus.
28. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Why d cybrgs make ur wrld clrful?
B. Why d many peple want t have eyebrgs?
C. Hw des innvative technlgy imprve peple’s lives?
D. Hw des technlgy prmte the develpment f cybrgs?
25. C 26. C 27. A 28. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文，本文主要讲述智能设备改善了人们的生活，一些人甚至变成了半机械人。
25. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They designed an eyebrg, a mechanical eye that cnverted clrs int sund frequencies. This enabled Harbissn t hear clrs and perceive the wrld in a different way. (他们设计了一种能将颜色转换成声音频率的机械眼。这使Harbissn能够以不同的方式听到颜色和感知世界)”可知，机械眼能将颜色转化为声音频率，使色盲通过听到声音频率来感知颜色，故选C。
26. 推理判断题。第一段“A few peple have even decided t make the leap and transfrm themselves t becme cybrgs. (一些人甚至决定迈出这一步，把自己变成半机械人)”提到一些人把自己变成半机械人，接着第二段中“One is artist Neil Harbissn. (其中一位是艺术家Neil Harbissn)”和第三段中“British scientist Kevin Warwick cnducted his wn experiment in 1998. He implanted a chip inside f his arm, which he used t cntrl lights and ther appliances at hme. (英国科学家Kevin Warwick在1998年进行了自己的实验。他在手臂里植入了一个芯片，用来控制家里的灯和其他电器)”分别举例说明，故本文是通过举例子而展开论述，故选C。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章首句“It’s natural that peple want t use the latest innvatins t better themselves.(人们想要利用最新的创新来改善自己是很自然的)”和最后一段中“If yu’re interested in becming a cybrg and yu’re willing a gd place t start, it might be with a pair f Ggle Glass. Users wear it like rdinary eyeglasses.(如果你对成为半机械人感兴趣，并且你愿意从一个好的地方开始，那可能是一副谷歌眼镜。用户可以像戴着普通的眼镜一样戴着它。)”可知，作者认为人们利用最新的技术来改善自己很自然的事情，最后建议从一副谷歌眼镜开始体验半机械人，故作者对成为半机械人的经历持积极态度，故选A。
28. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Smart devices can truly d incredible things and help t simplify ur day. They can als enhance ur perceptins, arm us with knwledge, and pen up a wrld f new pssibilities. A few peple have even decided t make the leap and transfrm themselves t becme cybrgs. (智能设备确实可以做一些不可思议的事情，帮助简化我们的生活。它们还可以增强我们的认知，用知识武装我们，并打开一个充满新可能性的世界。一些人甚至决定迈出这一步，把自己变成半机械人)”可知，本文主要讲述智能设备改善了人们的生活，一些人甚至变成了半机械人，C项“创新技术如何改善人们的生活？”为最佳标题，故选C。
（23·24上·南宁·阶段练习）When a grup f cllege students put their srrws int actin, they never imagined the prject wuld fuel a natinwide mvement t help deal with hunger and cntrl n fd waste.
But that’s exactly what the Farmlink Prject has dne since 2020, bringing tgether hundreds f yung vlunteers t rescue nearly 77 millin punds f excess fd and deliver it t thse in need. The rganizatin’s effrts help farmers, the envirnment, and peple struggling t feed their families all at nce.
“In the United States, 40 millin Americans dn’t have enugh fd t eat. They dn’t knw where their next meal is ging t cme frm,” said Aidan Reilly, wh c-funded Farmlink. “Meanwhile, in the United States, we’re thrwing ut ver 100 billin punds f fd every year.”
Back in 2020, Reilly and his childhd friend James Kanff were reading and watching news abut fd shrtages, and they learned that area farms were frced t destry excess prduce that they culdn’t sell, especially with restaurants, schls and htels clsed. Reilly, Kanff and a cre grup f friends wrked tgether ver Zm, texted and e-mailed t cntact farms cast t cast. “We didn’t really set ut t start a nnprfit,” Reilly said. “We just thught, ‘There’re s many peple suffering, if we can figure ut ne way t help, then that’ll be great.”
In Califrnia, they fund a farmer wh had 13, 000 eggs that culd be dnated, and Reilly ffered t d the pickup and delivery himself. That was the first f many mre deliveries. With “we’ll cme t yu” as their catchphrase (标语), the grup rented U-Haul trucks and attempted t d all the fd pickup and deliveries themselves.
“We had a lt f small prblems in the beginning,” Reilly said. “We brke axles (车轴), laded in 40, 000 punds f ptates in a wrng way and had t try t drag them ut by using anther truck and a rpe. But we made it wrk.”
“Farmlink has wrked with mre than 100 farms and 300 cmmunities in the US, rescuing and mving enugh fd t distribute mre than 64 millin meals,” Reilly said.
29. What can we learn abut Farmlink Prject frm the text?
A. It was launched by sme cllege students.B. It helps relieve American pverty.
C. It cperated with the farms wrldwide.D. It is supprted by the gvernment.
30. Why did sme farms waste the prduce left?
A. The prduce was f pr quality.
B. Nbdy came t purchase the prduce.
C. The farmers refused t sell it at a lw price.
D. Fd shrtages were n lnger a prblem glbally.
31. What difficulty did the students encunter in the start-up phase?
A. They were lacking in experience.B. They verladed the supply.
C. Their navigatin aids didn’t wrk.D. The vehicles were inadequate.
32. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Americans faced a fd shrtage crisis.
B. Farmers in pr areas wrried abut fd waste.
C. Vlunteers delivered farm prduce t thse in need.
D. Students tk actin t tackle hunger and fd waste.
29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲一群美国大学生将悲伤付诸行动，推动一场全国性的运动，帮助解决饥饿和控制食物浪费的故事。
29. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When a grup f cllege students put their srrws int actin, they never imagined the prject wuld fuel a natinwide mvement t help deal with hunger and cntrl n fd waste. (当一群大学生将他们的悲伤付诸行动时，他们从未想到这个项目会推动一场全国性的运动，帮助解决饥饿问题和控制食物浪费)”可知，这个项目是由一些大学生发起的。故选A。
30. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Back in 2020, Reilly and his childhd friend James Kanff were reading and watching news abut fd shrtages, and they learned that area farms were frced t destry excess prduce that they culdn’t sell, especially with restaurants, schls and htels clsed. (早在2020 年，赖利和他儿时的朋友詹姆斯·卡诺夫在阅读有关粮食短缺的新闻时就了解到，该地区的农场被迫销毁卖不出去的多余农产品，尤其是在餐馆、学校和酒店关闭的情况下)”可知，造成农民食物浪费的原因是没有人来购买这些剩余的农产品。故选B。
31. 推理判断题。根据第六段““We had a lt f small prblems in the beginning,” Reilly said. “We brke axles (车轴), laded in 40, 000 punds f ptates in a wrng way and had t try t drag them ut by using anther truck and a rpe. But we made it wrk.”(“一开始我们遇到了很多小问题，”赖利说。“我们弄坏了车轴，用错误的方式装了4万磅土豆，不得不用另一辆卡车和一根绳子把它们拖出来。但我们成功了。”)”可知，“缺乏经验”（而导致犯错）是他们最大的困难。故选A。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When a grup f cllege students put their srrws int actin, they never imagined the prject wuld fuel a natinwide mvement t help deal with hunger and cntrl n fd waste.(当一群大学生将他们的悲伤付诸行动时，他们从未想到这个项目会推动一场全国性的运动，帮助解决饥饿和控制食物浪费)”结合文章主要是介绍一群美国大学生推动一场全国性的运动，帮助解决饥饿问题和控制食物浪费，D“学生们采取行动解决饥饿和食物浪费问题”符合文意。故选D。
（22·23上·济宁·期中）Sprts play a key rle in the physical and mental develpment f children. While it’s great t see a child succeed in ne sprt, it’s imprtant t keep their activities in balance. Participatin in multiple sprts enables children t build a slid fundatin f mvement skills. Aside frm this, here are sme ther gd reasns why kids shuld be encuraged t play multi-sprts.
Repetitive (重复乏味的) mvements can verstress grwing bdies which later n can lead t injuries. With multi-sprts, each sprt wrks the bdy slightly differently. This will lead t fewer veruse injuries. Als, kids wh verspecialize in ne sprt may end up lsing interest and eventually quit. Specializing in a sprt raises expectatins and may put t much pressure n yung kids. Having a variety f experiences will keep children interested and mtivated, and even make them enjy sprts withut any pressure.
Multi-sprts als allw kids t experience different rles. Being a galkeeper in a ftball team is very different frm being a pint guard in basketball. Being expsed t baseball develps better hand-eye crdinatin (手眼协调). Sccer develps better ftwrk. Vlleyball develps jumping and hand-eye crdinatin. Martial arts develp strength, mbility, and discipline (自制力). Swimming develps full-bdy crdinatin and strength. The list ges n and n! Participatin in multiple sprts bradens a child’s develpmental, scial, and situatinal experience. It pens pprtunities t becme a better cmpetitr and a prmising athlete flexible and energetic.
Many sprts superstars like Stephen Curry achieved their standing tday by playing multiple sprts. Curry played basketball, but he als played baseball, ftball, sccer and everything else in a sprts buffet. What wrked fr Curry, experts say, culd wrk fr mst f us.
Aside frm develping a wide range f sprts sill, mre imprtant, multi-sprts prvide pprtunities fr children t discver their liking. With the help f the right caches, sprts becme fun, inspiring kids’ interests. S if yu can’t decide whether yur child shuld fcus n ne sprt r try sme different sprts, I hpe yu can make a better decisin nw.
33. What will happen t kids if they specialize in ne sprt accrding t the authr?
A. They can stay mre fcused.B. They can spare mre time t study.
C. They can be skilled at the sprt early.D. They can be mre likely t get injured.
34. What’s implied abut multi- sprts in Paragraph 3?
A. They help kids achieve all-rund develpment.
B. They have much higher requirements fr kids.
C. They help kids develp their special talents.
D. They inspire kids’ cmpetitive spirit.
35. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A. Parents shuld have prper expectatins fr their children.
B. Children shuld turn their interests int careers.
C. Multi-sprts help kids find their favrite sprts.
D. Sprts skills make kids ppular in schl.
36. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Hw sprts benefit kids.B. What sprts children shuld try.
C. Why kids shuld try multi-sprts.D. Why multi-sprts are ppular tday.
33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍应该让儿童参与多种体育运动，因为这样可以避免单一运动造成的损伤和无趣，帮助孩子培养多项身体能力并助力全面发展，并引导孩子发现自己真正的兴趣所在。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Repetitive (重复乏味的) mvements can verstress grwing bdies which later n can lead t injuries.(重复的动作会给生长中的身体造成过度压力，随后会导致受伤)”可知，如果儿童专门从事一项运动，会导致身体负担过重，很可能会受伤。故选D项。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Participatin in multiple sprts bradens a child’s develpmental, scial, and situatinal experience. It pens pprtunities t becme a better cmpetitr and a prmising athlete flexible and energetic.(参与多种体育活动可以拓宽儿童的社会发展和情境体验。它为成为一个更好的竞争者和一个有前途的运动员提供了机会——灵活而充满活力)”可知，参与多种体育运动让儿童发展多种能力，有助于他们将来的发展。由此推知，多种运动有助于儿童的全面发展。故选A项。
35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Aside frm develping a wide range f sprts sill, mre imprtant, multi-sprts prvide pprtunities fr children t discver their liking. With the help f the right caches, sprts becme fun, inspiring kids’ interests. (除了发展广泛的运动技能外，更重要的是，多种运动为孩子们提供了发现自己喜好的机会。在合适教练的帮助下，运动变得有趣，激发孩子们的兴趣)”可知，参与多种运动可以激发孩子的兴趣，从而发现自己最喜欢哪一种运动。故选C项。
36. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，并结合根据第二段中“Repetitive (重复乏味的) mvements can verstress grwing bdies which later n can lead t injuries.(重复的动作会给生长中的身体造成过度压力，随后会导致受伤)”和最后一段中“Aside frm develping a wide range f sprts sill, mre imprtant, multi-sprts prvide pprtunities fr children t discver their liking. With the help f the right caches, sprts becme fun, inspiring kids’ interests. (除了发展广泛的运动技能外，更重要的是，多种运动为孩子们提供了发现自己喜好的机会。在合适教练的帮助下，运动变得有趣，激发孩子们的兴趣)”可知，文章介绍了让儿童参与多种体育运动的好处，包括避免单一运动造成的损伤和无趣，帮助孩子培养多项身体能力并助力全面发展，引导孩子发现自己真正的兴趣所在。因此，C项“为什么儿童应尝试多种体育运动”符合文章大意。故选C项。
（23·24上·镇江·阶段练习）Samsung Electrnics America annunced that Galaxy device wners can make their wn repairs t the Galaxy S20 and S21 family f prducts, as well as the Galaxy Tab S7+, starting August 2nd.
Samsung is cperating with iFixit, the leading nline repair cmmunity, t deliver their Self-Repair prgram. This prgram adds t Samsung’s cntinued expansins fr cnvenient repair fr cnsumers and helps them with sustainable slutins t supprt a mre circular ecnmy by extending the life f their devices, as well as minimizing e-waste.
Samsung cnsumers wh wish t make their wn repairs can nw purchase real device parts and cnvenient, easy-t-use repair tls, available thrugh iFixit, Samsung retail (零售) and service lcatins, at the same pricing ffered t ur repair prviders. In additin, Galaxy device wners will have full access t nline repair guides that prvide bth visual and written step-by-step instructins, and best f all, at n cst.
“Making replacement parts available is a key sustainability strategy. We’re excited t be wrking directly with Samsung and their custmers t extend the lifetime f their phnes,” said CEO f iFixit.
Starting tday, Galaxy device wners can replace the phne screen, back glass, and charging prts. In the future, Samsung plans t expand self-repair t include mre devices and repair ptins frm ur extensive prduct prtfli (档案).
Furthermre, the prgram makes it easy fr cnsumers t return their thrwn-away parts fr respnsible recycling, as the new display kit s will cme with a return label t ship thrwn-away parts back t Samsung—at n cst t the cnsumer.
In additin t the cnvenience f these new self-repair ptins, Galaxy smartphne wners have a chice n hw they can extend the life f their devices acrss Samsung’s expansive care ptins, including: Thrugh Samsung’s perfect care netwrk, custmers have access t ver 11,000 Samsung Mbile certified repair technicians in the U. S.
37. Wh will d the repair wrk under the Self-Repair prgram?
A. The iFixit cmmunity.B. The Galaxy cnsumers.
C. Samsung Repair staff.D. The devices themselves.
38. What is the Samsung cmpany aiming t d accrding t paragraph 2?
A. T prmte a circular ecnmy.B. T make full use f the ld parts.
C. T enrich the life f the phne users.D. T ensure better service by iFixit.
39. Which f the fllwing is free f charge?
A. The Samsung device parts.B. New Samsung prducts.
C. The written repair instructins.D. The easy-t-use repair tls.
40. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A pwerful new inventin f SamsungB. An advancement f Samsung technlgy
C. A win-win cperatin f tw cmpaniesD. A self-repair prgram available t cnsumers
37. B 38. A 39. C 40. C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍三星与在线维修社区iFixit合作，为Galaxy设备用户提供自助维修服务。
37. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Samsung Electrnics America annunced that Galaxy device wners can make their wn repairs t the Galaxy S20 and S21 family f prducts, as well as the Galaxy Tab S7+, starting August 2nd.(三星电子美国公司宣布Galaxy设备用户可以自助维修Galaxy Tab S7+与Galaxy S20和S21系列产品)”和第二段的第一句“Samsung is cperating with iFixit, the leading nline repair cmmunity, t deliver their Self-Repair prgram.(三星与著名的在线维修社区iFixit正合作开展自助维修计划)”可知，这项自助维修项目的对象是Galaxy用户。故选B项。
38. 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“This prgram adds t Samsung’s cntinued expansins fr cnvenient repair fr cnsumers and helps them with sustainable slutins t supprt a mre circular ecnmy by extending the life f their devices, as well as minimizing e-waste.(该计划有助三星进一步为消费者提供更便捷的维修服务，为他们提供可持续的解决方案，包括如何延长设备的使用寿命，以及如何最大限度地减少电子垃圾，从而促进循环度更高的经济)”可知，三星旨在促进循环经济。故选A项。
39. 细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“In additin, Galaxy device wners will have full access t nline repair guides that prvide bth visual and written step-by-step instructins, and best f all, at n cst.(此外，Galaxy设备用户可以自由访问线上维修指南，指南提供了视频版和文字版的分步指导。而且最棒的是，这些全部免费)”可知，文字版的维修说明是免费的。故选C项。
40. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段指出三星宣布Galaxy设备用户可以自助维修Galaxy部分产品；第二段介绍三星与iFixit开展了用户自助维修计划；第三至第五段主要介绍该计划能够为用户提供的自助维修服务。所以本文主要介绍三星与iFixit的合作实现了双赢。故选C项。
（22·23上·淄博·期中）If yu live in Washingtn, D. C. , yu may have nticed a small, bxy rbt rlling alng a lcal sidewalk (人行道), fcusing n its wn business, but attracting the attentin f plenty f peple passing by wherever it ges.
The rbts, which lk like cute electric rice ckers with wheels, were part f an experimental prgram last year by Starship Technlgies. They fcused n delivering meals frm lcal restaurants in dzens f cities arund the wrld.
This week, the cmpany shwed plans t braden its delivery service beynd fd t include packages, a mve that made it “the wrld’s first rbt package delivery service”. The package delivery service can nly be applied in sme cities in the US.
The wheeled rbts can carry abut nine kilgrams and deliver the gds t a place abut five kilmeters away. They have a tp speed f 4 mph and can detect barriers（检测路障）frm as far as 30 feet away. “The rbt can perate thrugh just abut anything,” says Nick Handrick, head f peratins fr Starship’s D. C. ffice, “If there is smething in the way, it’s able t climb it. It can als be aware f whether it’s safe t crss the rad.” By giving custmers cntrl f when deliveries happen, Starship Technlgies is selling its service as a way t cmbat packages being stlen.
T make use f the service, which csts a little mre than $10 per mnth, custmers need t dwnlad the cmpany’s app. Custmers then create a “Starship Delivery Address,” a unique address inside a Starship facility, instead f a hme address, where they can have packages sent frm places such as Amazn. cm.
Once a package is delivered t the Starship address, custmers receive a text ntice n their mbile phnes that allws them t plan a hme delivery thrugh rbt. The rbts are pened by custmers with a mbile phne cde (代码), and then custmers can pick up what they have bught.
41. What d yu knw abut Starship Technlgies cmpany?
A. Its rbts can nly deliver meals in the US.
B. Its delivery service is the best f all in the wrld.
C. Packages are delivered by its rbts all rund America.
D. It is the first cmpany t prvide rbt package delivery service.
42. What des the underlined wrd “cmbat” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A. Find.B. Stp.C. Reprt.D. Suggest.
43. What can we learn abut rbt package delivery service?
A. Custmers have t pay a little mre than $10 each time.
B. Starship Delivery Address is the custmer’s hme address.
C. Custmers can’t pen the rbts withut a mbile phne cde.
D. Rbts themselves have cntrl ver when t deliver packages.
44. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Humans are being replaced by rbts.
B. Packages can be delivered by rbts.
C. Everything can be dne by delivery rbts.
D. Delivery rbts are ppular arund the wrld.
41. D 42. B 43. C 44. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款新的机器人，该机器人能够进行包裹递送服务。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“This week, the cmpany shwed plans t braden its delivery service beynd fd t include packages, a mve that made it “the wrld’s first rbt package delivery service”. The package delivery service can nly be applied in sme cities in the US.(本周，该公司展示了将其配送服务从食品扩展到包裹的计划，此举使其成为“世界上第一个机器人包裹递送服务”。包裹递送服务只能在美国的一些城市使用。)”，可知，Starship技术公司是第一家提供机器人快递服务的公司。故选D。
42. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句的“By giving custmers cntrl f when deliveries happen(通过让客户控制送货时间)”可知，该公司该项服务是由客户来控制送货时间，由此可推断，这样做的目的是为了防止包裹被偷盗。因此，划线单词和“防止”等相关。选项B“stp”可以和空后的“being stlen”构成固定搭配：stp…(frm) being dne，意为“防止……被……”，符合句意。故选B。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Once a package is delivered t the Starship address, custmers receive a text ntice n their mbile phnes that allws them t plan a hme delivery thrugh rbt. The rbts are pened by custmers with a mbile phne cde (代码), and then custmers can pick up what they have bught.(一旦包裹被送到“Starship”的地址，顾客就会在手机上收到一条短信通知，让他们计划通过机器人送货上门。顾客只需输入手机代码就可以打开这些机器人，然后顾客就可以拿起他们买的东西。)”可知，一旦包裹被送到“Starship”的地址，顾客就会在手机上收到一条短信通知，而机器人到达地址后，顾客只有输入手机代码才可以打开这些机器人。故选C。
44. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The rbts, which lk like cute electric rice ckers with wheels, were part f an experimental prgram last year by Starship Technlgies. They fcused n delivering meals frm lcal restaurants in dzens f cities arund the wrld.(这些机器人看起来像可爱的带轮子的电饭锅，是星舰科技公司去年一个实验项目的一部分。他们专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆送餐。)”以及第三段“This week, the cmpany shwed plans t braden its delivery service beynd fd t include packages, a mve that made it “the wrld’s first rbt package delivery service”. The package delivery service can nly be applied in sme cities in the US.(本周，该公司展示了将其配送服务从食品扩展到包裹的计划，此举使其成为“世界上第一个机器人包裹递送服务”。包裹递送服务只能在美国的一些城市使用。)”，再结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种机器人，该机器人可用来进行包裹递送服务。故选B。