专题20 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解说明文狂练30篇（五年真题+新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

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原卷版
【三年考情回顾】
【题型应对策略】
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点
高考英语阅读理解科普类文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。
科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（intrductin）、背景（backgrund）、主干（main bdy）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。
二、阅读策略和解题技巧
任何一种阅读方法或技巧的使用，都是由语篇特点和试题本身的要求决定的，考生应根据不同的体裁和试题要求采取不同的策略。下面向同学们介绍在解科普类阅读理解题目时常用的阅读策略和解题技巧。
1. 运用语篇结构，概括全文主旨大意，明晰写作意图。
科普说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。高考科普类说明文一般分为两种类型：实验研究型和介绍说明型。除了遵循上述文本结构的几个部分的模式外，作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法：描述法（descriptin）（包括举例子、下定义、列数据等）、因果法（cause and effect）、问题与对策法（prblem and slutin）。
2. 利用文中语境线索，分析长难句，进行逻辑推理判断。
英语文章中有大量的词汇是作者用来联系句子与句子，从而使整篇文章前后贯通、语义明确的。标志词（signal wrds）就是表明句子间和段落间的逻辑关系、具有词义、语法结构标志作用的词或词组。句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
3. 谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文，去伪存真。
高考作为一种成熟的考试体系，在选项设置上有章可循。掌握一定的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
“张冠李戴”是命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，或者把文中不同地方的信息拼接在一起从而改变了原文的意思。
“偷梁换柱”类型是用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个表示程度、限定的词汇，造成句意的改变。
“无中生有”类型往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，貌似非常正确，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。
“以偏概全”则是以局部代替整体，进行不合理关联或者不准确的概括。在下文的例子中，同学们可以更加清楚直观地了解干扰项的特点，在解题时，绕开陷阱，去伪存真。
三、阅读理解说明文解题策略
1.细读文章重点
关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
2.明确说明对象
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
3.弄清说明顺序
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
4.把握作者态度
说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。
5.吃透长难句子
学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
6.学会适当放弃
无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023新高考I卷D篇）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist (转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins many questins remain the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
12. What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A. The methds f estimatin.B. The underlying lgic f the effect.
C. The causes f peple’s errrs.D. The design f Galtn’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if ________.
A. the crwds were relatively smallB. there were ccasinal underestimates
C. individuals did nt cmmunicateD. estimates were nt fully independent
14. What did the fllw-up study fcus n?
A. The size f the grups.B. The dminant members.
C. The discussin prcess.D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
2.（2023新高考I卷D篇）
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves.”
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a “nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
12. What phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?
A. Pcket parks are nw ppular.
B. Wild nature is hard t find in cities.
C. Many cities are verppulated.
D. Peple enjy living clse t nature.
13. Why did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?
A. T cmpare different types f park-gers.
B. T explain why the park attracts turists.
C. T analyze the main features f the park.
D. T find patterns in the visitrs’ summaries.
14. What can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B. Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different frms.
D. The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
15. What shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Envirnmental cnservatin.
C. Public educatin.
D. Intercultural cmmunicatin.
3.（2023全国甲卷C篇）
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu — and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext (背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
29. Why des the authr list great philsphers in paragraph 4?
A. T cmpare Weiner with them.
B. T give examples f great wrks.
C. T praise their writing skills.
D. T help readers understand Weiners bk.
30. What des the authr like abut The Scrates Express?
A. Its views n histry are well-presented.
B. Its ideas can be applied t daily life.
C. It includes cmments frm readers.
D. It leaves an pen ending.
31. What des the authr think f Weiners bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
4.（2023全国乙卷C篇）
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
29. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
4.（2022新高考I卷C篇）
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
5.（2022新高考II卷C篇）
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer.
6.（2022新高考II卷D篇）
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in prcessing xygen as it used t be. In mst peple the first signs shw up in their 50s r early 60s. And amng peple wh dn’t exercise, the changes can start even sner.
“Think f a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer fr 20 years and it will becme dry and easily brken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University f Texas. That’s what happens t the heart. Frtunately fr thse in midlife, Levine is finding that even if yu haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape nw may help imprve yur aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected vlunteers aged between 45 and 64 wh did nt exercise much but were therwise healthy. Participants were randmly divided int tw grups. The first grup participated in a prgram f nnaerbic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The secnd grup did high-intensity aerbic exercise under the guidance f a trainer fr fur r mre days a week. After tw years, the secnd grup saw remarkable imprvements in heart health.
“We tk these 50-year-ld hearts and turned the clck back t 30-r 35-year-ld hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasn they gt s much strnger and fitter was that their hearts culd nw fill a lt better and pump (泵送) a lt mre bld during exercise.” But the hearts f thse wh participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spt in life t start exercising, if yu haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-lds thrugh a yearlng exercise training prgram, and nthing happened t them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Gldberg, a spkeswman fr the American Heart Assciatin, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs t be repeated with far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which aspects f an exercise rutine make the biggest difference.
32. What des Levine want t explain by mentining the rubber band?
A. The right way f exercising.B. The causes f a heart attack.
C. The difficulty f keeping fit.D. The aging prcess f the heart.
33. In which aspect were the tw grups different in terms f research design?
A. Diet plan.B. Prfessinal backgrund.
C. Exercise type.D. Previus physical cnditin.
34. What des Levine’s research find?
A. Middle-aged hearts get yunger with aerbic exercise.
B. High-intensity exercise is mre suitable fr the yung.
C. It is never t late fr peple t start taking exercise.
D. The mre exercise we d, the strnger ur hearts get.
35. What des Dr. Nieca Gldberg suggest?
A. Making use f the findings.B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Cnducting further research.D. Clarifying the purpse f the study.
7.（2022全国甲卷D篇）
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins(企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
29. What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A. Lvely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discunt fare.D. A friend’s invitatin.
30. What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A. It culd be a hme fr her.B. It shuld be easily accessible.
C. It shuld be well preserved.D. It needs t be fully intrduced.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
8.（2022全国乙卷C篇）
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A . T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C. T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
9.（2022全国乙卷D篇）
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）. It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A. T cllect mney fr schls.B. T imprve the quality f drinks.
C. T prtect children’s health.D. T encurage research in educatin.
33. Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A. They turned t verseas markets.B. They raised the prices f their prducts.
C. They cut dwn n their prductin.D. They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
34. Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A. Mst alchlic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Cke.
35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
10.（2022新高考I卷C篇）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival.Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
11.（2022新高考II卷D篇）
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle, a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that's relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a prfessr at the University f Sydney, sees rbts as necessary given hw cattlemen are aging. He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer. It will use cameras and sensrs t mnitr the animals. A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick. Radi tags (标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape, clr and texture (质地) f grass. That way, cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting, watering and harvesting crps such as cm and wheat, but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds, it's increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle. But Bnds desn't believe a rbt is right fr the jb. Years f experience in the industry - and failed attempts t use technlgy - have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse. Bnds, wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag, still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen's Assciatin, said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft. Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
32. What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Sil pllutin.B. Lack f wrkers.
C. Aging machines.D. Lw prfitability.
33. What will Sukkarieh's rbt be able t d?
A. Mnitr the quality f grass.B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Mve cattle t anther field.D. Predict weather changes.
34. Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A. He wants t help them earn a living.
B. He thinks men can d the jb better.
C. He is inexperienced in using rbts.
D. He enjys the traditinal way f life.
35. Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value f cattle.B. Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C. Make the jb mre appealing.D. Keep cattle frm being stlen.
12.（2022全国甲卷B篇）
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
24. Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A. Cstly.B. Cntrversial.C. Ambitius.D. Successful.
25. What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A. She lves staying with her mther.
B. She dislikes utdr activities.
C. She is in gd cnditin
D. She is sensitive t heat.
26. What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A. They had their first brn in January.
B. They enjyed explring new places
C. They lived with their grandmthers.
D. They were brught t the reserve yung
27. What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A. The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B. It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C. It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D. Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
13.（2022全国乙卷C篇）
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源)f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒)frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art. D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
14.（2022全国乙卷D篇）
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰)in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut(布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that， in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
32. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.
B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
33. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.D. Cnstant interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.D. He’s a published writer.
15.（2021全国I卷D篇）
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源) —such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【最新名校模拟】
Test 01（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
D yu see a bird right nw? Can yu hear ne singing? If s, yu might be getting a mental health bst.
A study recently published in the jurnal Science fund that being in the presence f birds made peple feel mre psitive. Fr tw weeks, study participants using a smartphne app were required t fill ut a questinnaire three times a day. They were asked questins abut their surrunding envirnment and their mental state. Emerging frm the app’s data was a nticeable trend--study participants wh saw birds were mre likely t reprt a better md.
Research is increasingly finding that getting utside is gd fr ur brains, which is why scientists want t knw mre abut what aspects f nature may be the mst therapeutic. “This kind f study helps us understand hw peple’s everyday experience with specific elements f nature, such as birds, can be restrative,” says Lisa Nisbet, a psychlgist at Trent University in Canada.
With the cllected data, Andrea Mechelli, a psychlgist at King’s Cllege Lndn, perfrmed a statistical analysis that fund an bvius imprvement in wellbeing when birds were present, even when eliminating ther factrs like the presence f trees r waterways. Nature, Mechelli ntes, isn’t a cure all. The presence f trees and birds, fr example, didn’t result in a better sense f wellbeing if participants als nted their neighbrhd felt unsafe. Regardless f the cause, knwing hw trees, streams, r birds affect md helps treatment prviders integrate nature int their care.
A study first published in 1984 fund that hspital patients recvering frm surgery tk fewer painkillers and had a shrter recvery if they als had a rm with a view f nature. At Mechelli’s clinical practice in Lndn, he fcuses n early interventin therapies and frequently wrks with yung peple. As ne slutin, he suggests his patients g fr walks t bserve the trees and plants grwing in the city, and the wildlife flying by. “It has n side effects,” he says, “It’s smething they culd try, and they have nthing t lse.”
1. Hw did the participants take part in the study?
A. By answering questins nline.B. By bserving birds in the wild.
C. By recrding their daily rutine.D. By analyzing their mental state.
2. What d scientists fcus n?
A. The recvery frm mental illness.
B. The impact f envirnment n birds.
C. The influence f nature elements n peple.
D. The link between neighbrhd and wildlife.
3. Which f the fllwing may Mechelli agree with?
A. Wrking with the yung helps imprve efficiency.
B. Wandering utside eliminates side effects f drugs.
C. Painkillers will be replaced by interventin therapies.
D. Trees and birds can cntribute t a sense f wellbeing.
4. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A science website.B. A travel brchure.
C. A bilgy textbk.D. A fashin magazine.
Test 02（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years.
The revival has been encuraged by Cvid lckdwns, “which allwed peple t explre the craft at hme,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. “Put it this way, 97% f dyes used in the industry are petrchemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashin cnsultant Jackie Andrews, wh helped advise the UN Ethical Fashin Initiative. “We’ve gt net zer targets which mean we’re ging t have t remve all thse petrchemicals frm the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them.
It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clthes’ clr, new wrlds pen. Many f tday’s natural dyers grw their wn dye plants, run lcal cmmunity wrkshps, and advcate fr change in industrialized fashin systems and beynd.
5. What is the main reasn fr the grwing discmfrt mentined in paragraph 2?
A. The adptin f petrchemical-based dyes.
B. The challenging net zer targets t be achieved.
C. The fashin industry’s fcus n luxurius designs.
D. The disturbing cnsequences f the fashin industry.
6. The authr illustrates “Fashin is a huge plluter” by ______.
A. making a cmparisnB. giving examples
C. listing numbersD. intrducing a new tpic
7. What des the underlined phrase “a quiet act f rebellin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. A prtest against turning t natural fiber.
B. An bjectin t upcycling ld clthing.
C. A struggle fr a sustainable fashin industry.
D. A resistance t vibrant clrs in natural dyeing.
8. What wuld be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Envirnmental Impact f Natural Dyeing
B. Fashin Revlutin’s Dye Garden Presentatin
C. The Return f Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D. The Petrchemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
Test 03（2023上·山西朔州·高三校联考阶段练习）
Languages like Italian r Finnish can be spelled mre easily because each letter f the alphabet matches t ne sund. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. Hwever, students even after years f learning English are still far belw Italian r Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is mst clsely cnnected t German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vcabulary. During the Nrman invasin (侵略) in the 12th century, Old English was spken but French was used in gvernment and legal dcuments. And Latin was used in religius and educatinal activities. As a result, mre French and Latin wrds entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped t establish English spelling. The English f tday is hw the language was written at the time. Hwever, the spken language started t change in the 1500s with the prnunciatin f all lng vwels. Fr example, “bite” was prnunced clser t “beet” in 1400, befre changing thrugh the years t its current sund. The effect was that the English language had ld spellings, but new sunds.
English has 26 letters in the alphabet, but ver 44 individual sunds depending n the variatin f spken English. There are several sunds represented by nly ne letter. Fr example, the letter “C” can sund like an “S” as in “city”. And it als sunds like a “K” as in “cat”.
There are nly 5 r 6 vwel (元音) letters in the English alphabet. They include A, E, I, O, U, and smetimes Y. But there are 20 different ways t sund them. At the centre is the mst cmmn vwel sund f “uhhh”. It is the mst relaxed and natural sund. It takes almst n effrt f the tngue r thrat t create the sund. Since it takes little effrt, the sund “uhhh” ften makes its way int prnunciatins. Fr example, the wrd “please” ften turns int “PUH-lease” when smene is trying t call attentin. This is anther reasn why spelling in English is s difficult!
9. Hw des the authr lead t the tpic f this text?
A. By cmparisn.
B. By making a classificatin.
C. By the calculatin f an example.
D. By describing a prcess.
10. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. The cmplex histry f English.
B. The frmatin f mdern English.
C. The influence f English n ther languages.
D. Factrs prmting the develpment f English.
11. When did the current spelling f English cme int being?
A. In the 12th century.B. Befre the Nrman invasin.
C. In the late 1400s.D. In the 1500s.
12. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. One Letter, Many Sunds
B. S Many Ways t Sund a Vwel
C. Why Spelling in English Is S Difficult
D. Hw t Imprve the Accuracy f English Spelling
Test 04（2023上·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
In 2018, Russian scientists tk a sil sample frm deep in the permanently frzen grund in Siberia in Russia. They discvered tw tiny rund nematdes (线虫) frzen in the sample, which were s small that they culd nly be seen with a micrscpe. Tests shwed the sil had been frzen fr abut 46,000 years ld. When the nematdes were placed in rm temperature, they began t mve. The nematdes are the ldest living animals ever brught back t life after being frzen. The discvery makes up fr the research n hw living things can survive in tugh cnditins.
Nematdes can live fr years if they’re frzen. They can enter a special state called cryptbisis (隐生现象) , during which animals reduce their activities and cnsume very little energy. Befre this, the lngest nematde had been knwn t survive thrugh cryptbisis was abut 25 years. Being revived after 46,000 years was a new recrd fr any kind f animal.
The nematdes were sent ff t Germany t be studied further. The researchers fund the tw nematdes were a new species f nematde that had nt yet been discvered. That’s nt t surprising, since there are s many species f nematdes. They als fund the nematdes were able t survive being frzen better if they were dried ut a little first. The drying helped them prduce a special sugar called trehalse (海藻糖), which helped them survive being frzen. The scientists als studied a nematde species that is cmmn these days. They fund that it als uses the sugar t prtect itself in cryptbisis.
Bth f the nematdes were females. Befre lng, they began t have babies. Sme kinds f nematdes, including these, have the ability fr a single nematde t have babies all by itself. The tw riginal frzen nematdes have nw died. But their babies had babies wh had babies, and s n. Mst f the nematdes nly live a mnth r tw unless they get frzen.
13. What d we knw abut the tw nematdes in the first paragraph?
A. They were the ldest living animals.
B. They were still alive when warmed up.
C. They were fund n the surface f the grund.
D. They were the tiniest creatures ever discvered.
14. Hw des cryptbisis affect nematdes?
A. It slws dwn the pace f their life.
B. It helps them speed up their drying.
C. It gets their bdy temperature dwn.
D. It stps them frm cnsuming energy.
15. Which f the fllwing is unrelated t the nematdes’ survival fr years?
A. Cryptbisis.B. Trehalse.C. Their sex.D. Dry cnditin.
16. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Female nematdes live lnger than the male nes
B. Nematdes can prduce yung when they are frzen
C. Nematdes are ranked the fastest prducing creatures
D. Shrt-lived nematdes survived fr thusands f years
Test 05（2023上·山东泰安·高三统考期中）
Getting rid f ld tyres has lng been a prblem. Every year mre than a billin reach the end f the rad. Until recently, mst were thrwn int landfills r piled up in strage yards. Tugher envirnmental laws mean many cuntries nw insist tyres are recycled.
Sme firms, therefre, have begun explring a great idea. Since tyres are mstly made frm hydrcarbns, it shuld be pssible in principle t turn ld tyres int lw-carbn fuel which can be used t run the vehicles they came frm. One f the mst ambitius firms pursuing the idea is Wastefrnt, which is based in Osl, in Nrway. Later this year the cmpany will start building a giant tyre-recycling plant. In a cuple f years, when the plant is fully peratinal, it will be able t turn 8m ld tyres int new prducts, including sme 25,000 tns f a black liquid called tyre derived il (TDO).
The prcess wrks by decnstructing (解构) a tyre int three main parts. One is steel, which is used t brace the structure f a tyre. The secnd is carbn black, a pwdery carbn used t imprve the durability f the tyre. The third is rubber.
In rder t d the decnstructing, the tyres are first shredded and the steel bracing remved. The remaining material then ges thrugh a prcess called pyrlysis (热解). This invlves expsing a material t high temperatures in the absence f air. That causes the rubber t turn int a mix f hydrcarbn gases, which are drawn ff. What is left behind is pure carbn black. Once the drawn-ff gas has cled dwn, a part f it changes int TDO. The remaining gases, which include methane, are funneled back arund t be burned, fuelling the reactr.
The verall utput f the prcess by weight is 40% TDO, 30% carbn black, 20% steel and 10% gas. The recvered TDO is similar t crude il fresh frm the grund. The carbn black can be re-used t make new tyres, which is f interest t tyre-makers. This, says Vianney Vales, Wastefrnt’s bss, creates a clsed-lp system that prevents emissins.
17. What can we learn abut ld tyres frm the first paragraph?
A. A billin f them are n the rad.
B. Thrwing them int landfills is easy.
C. Hw t handle them is challenging.
D. Envirnmental laws insist tyres be piled up.
18. Why will Wastefrnt start building a giant tyre-recycling plant?
A. T get hydrcarbnsB. T explre a great idea.
C. T prduce new tyres.D. T turn ld tyres int fuel.
19. What is the authr’s purpse in mentining Vianney Valès?
A. T shw his ambitin.
B. T shw the success f the idea.
C. T stress the utput f decnstructing.
D. T cmpare different utput f decnstructing.
20. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Recycling tyres: Fuel frm yur wheels
B. One Cmmn Energy Recvery Methd
C. Hw t decnstruct ld tyres reasnably
D. An alternative, pleasingly realistic idea
Test 06（2023上·山东德州·高三统考期中）
The cncept f “frest bathing” has lng been praised fr its suppsed health benefits. It can imprve mental health and cgnitive (认知) perfrmance, reduce bld pressure and even treat depressin and anxiety. Yet frests can be hard t reach r cmpletely inaccessible in a wrld where as many as 5 billin peple might live in urban envirnments by 2030. Sme scientists believe that virtual reality culd ffer an alternative.
VR has already been used t help distract children underging medical prcedures, and icy virtual landscapes have eased the pain f burn victims. Culd virtual frests btain the same physilgical respnses as real nes?
A grup f scientists at the Czech University f Life Sciences — a psychlgist with researchers in the frestry department — has tested the assumptin by taking a grup f 15 peple int the Rztcky háj nature reserve fr 30-minute bathing sessins. They then used laser scanners t develp a virtual twin f the same area f frest, enhanced with audi recrdings. Twenty participants, including 10 wh visited the real frest, spent 30 minutes in the virtual frest. Questinnaires assessing the participants emtinal states revealed n significant difference between the tw experiences, accrding t the results. As the frestry researcher leading the prject explained, “I was aware that the frest was nt real. Hwever. the experience was vivid, and it was easy fr me t frget that I was in an experimental rm.”
There are limitatins f curse. Since cmputer prcessing pwer is finite (有限), virtual frests have physical bundaries. Sme f the participants said they felt caged when they encuntered the invisible frest wall. Pwer cnstraints (结束) als mean the cmputer is nt perfect at small details like mushrms r insects. Nr can virtual envirnments imitate every sensry experience f a real frest, like the smell f damp leaves. Making ther sensatins, like the feel f wind wuld prve mre cmplicated.
Virtual envirnments can als cause cybersickness, which happens when yur eyes perceive mtin while yur bdy des nt. That is why sme peple felt dizzy after the bathing sessins. Psychlgists and cmputer scientists hpe that further research with larger grups f participants will help t vercme these limitatins.
21. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The rigin f frest bathing.B. The decrease f the real frest.
C. The necessity f virtual frest bathing.D. The expansin f urban envirnment.
22. Hw did the participants react t virtual frests?
A. They felt almst the same as the real frests.
B. They lnged fr staying at the virtual frests.
C. They preferred surrundings with audi recrdings.
D. They felt it difficult t adapt t experimental rm.
23. What can imprve the user experience in virtual frests?
A. Invisible frest walls.B. Better small details.
C. Physical bundaries.D. Sensry frm real frest.
24. A user f virtual frests may be suffering cybersickness if ________.
A. he feels curius and excited abut frest bathing
B. his bdy isn’t used t the mtin it’s experiencing
C. his psychlgist r dctr gives him an examinatin
D. he fails t vercme the limitatins f envirnments
Test 07（2023上·山西太原·高三统考期中）
Great white sharks are typically lners, swimming thrugh the wrld’s vast ceans largely n their wn. That’s why scientists were s cnfused and impressed when they nticed an dd pattern in tracking data frm tw sharks. Simn and Jekyll.
The tw males were first tagged ff the cast f Gergia. When they reached Lng Island, reseatchers nticed their tracks were remarkably similar. Then they arrived in Nvia Sctia within practically the same day - they have traveled mre than 4,000 miles tgether!
“Mst animals dn’t frm any emtinal bnds with each ther and there are n previus recrds f tw sharks traveling tgether fr such a lng perid,” Bb Hueter, chief scientist fr Ocearch, the grup tracking the sharks says, “But we have fund that sme whites may remain clse while hunting t benefit frm fd pieces after a kill. S we are wndering if this ne-time event is similar t that. If s, it will pen the dr t the secret f sharks’ migratin law.”
Nw, scientists are trying t puzzle ut what’s ging n. Researchers suppse that there may be sme reasns, such as seawater temperatures and the amunt f light each day. And they further put frward ther pssibilities. Are the tw sharks friends r relatives? And d they have mre cmpanins that aren’t tagged swimming with them? T uncver the secret, the researchers are running genetic tests Fr the further research directin.
But n matter what their relatinship, the pair’s unique behavir is f great significance in the freseeable future. At the very least, the discvery that sharks may hang ut tgether culd impact cnservatin effrts. The reseurch lteam, fr example, is wrking t help peple view sharks less as bld-thirsty mnsters and mre as vital players in a healthy cean ecsystem wrthy f prtectin. They are “humanizing”, which adds t the limited understanding human have f sharks. “They have a mther, a father and siblings,” the team shares, “They’re just trying t make a living in the cean, and we need them fr the balance f life in the sea.”
25. What drew scientists’ attentin abut Simn and Jekyll?
A. The destinatin they reached.
B. The distance they cvered.
C. The way they traveled tgether.
D. The species they belng t.
26. What des the underlined wrd “that' refer t in paragraph3?
A. Traveling in pairs.
B. Migrating regularly.
C. Hunting fd tgether.
D. Traveling fr a lng time.
27. What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A. The prcedure f the test.B. The results f the research.
C. The assumptin f the causes.D. The significance f the pair’s travel
28. What d we knw abut sharks frm the last paragraph?
A. They are friendlier and clser t humans than hefre.
B. Their relatinship has been figured ut by the rescarch
C. Human’s limited understanding leads t their extinctin.
D. Their jurcy ffers new insight int cean cnservatin.
Test 08（2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）
The PAL-V Liberty is a revlutinary vehicle that can travel n bth land and air. It is the wrld’s first cmmercial flying car, and it is nw available fr pre-rder. The PAL-V Liberty is develped by a Dutch cmpany called PAL-V Internatinal B. V., which stands fr Persnal Air and Land Vehicle. The cmpany has been wrking n the prject since 2001, and has successfully tested the prttype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a tw-seater hybrid car and gyrplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a fldable rtr n tp. It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected t be delivered t custmers in 2023, alter btaining the necessary certificatins frm aviatin authrities. The cmpany claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulatins f bth cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy t perate. Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.
T drive the PAL-V Liberty, ne needs bth a driving license and a pilt license. The vehicle als requires a runway r airstrip t take ff and land, as it cannt d s vertically like a helicpter. The cmpany says it has received 70 rders fr the vehicle s far, mstly frm custmers in Eurpe and Nrth America. The PAL-V Liberty is a grundbreaking innvatin that culd change the future f transprtatin, but it als faces many challenges and limitatins.
29. What’s the limitatin f the Pineer Editin f the PAL-V Liberty?
A. Lack f custmized selectin.B. Failure t land and take ff vertically
C. Extra mney t be paid fr flight training.D. Disagreement with the existing traffic rules.
30. What can we infer abut frm the passage?
A. The PAL-V Liberty has been used in ur daily life.
B. If yu have a pilt license, yu can drive the PAL-V Liberty.
C. It can switch between driving and flying mde in a shrt time
D. The Sprt Editin is mre attractive features than the Pineer Editin.
31. What's the authr’s attitude twards the PAL-V Liberty?
A. favrableB. skepticalC. bjectiveD. indifference
32. What is the best title fr the article?
A. The Dutch InnvatinB. The Future f Transprtatin
C. The Hybrid Car and the GyrplaneD. The Wrld’s First Cmmercial Flying Car
Test 09（2023上·河南周口·高三统考期中）
In the 20th century, cnservatinists set ut t restre the Galapags giant trtise (巨型陆龟) n Españla — and the island ecsystem. Frm 1963 t 2020, cnservatinists reintrduced nearly 2,000 Galapags giant trtises t Españla. Since then, the trtises have cntinued t multiply in the wild, causing the ppulatin t blssm t an estimated 3,000. They’ve als seen the eclgical transfrmatin f Españla.
The trtises’ return has als helped the critically endangered waved albatrss (信天翁) — a species that multiplies nly n Españla. During the island’s wdy times, Maud Quinzin, a cnservatin geneticist wh has previusly wrked with Galapags trtises, says that peple had t repeatedly clear the areas the seabirds use as runways t take ff and land. Nw, if the landing places are getting vergrwn, they’ll mve trtises int the area t take care f it fr them. The secret t this success is that — much like brwn bears and elephants — giant trtises are eclgical architects. As they wander arund, they change the landscape. They step n yung trees and bushes befre they can grw big enugh t blck the albatrsses’ way.
The giant trtises likewise have a big impact n the giant species f prickly pear cactuses (仙人掌梨) that call Españla hme — ne f the trtises’ favrite fds and an essential resurce fr the island’s ther inhabitants. When the trtises eat the cactus’s fallen leaves, they prevent them frm taking rt and cmpeting with their parents. And, after they eat the cactus’s fruit, they drp the seeds acrss the island, ffering a prtective shell f fertilizer.
The extent f these and ther eclgical effects f the trtise are dcumented in a new study by James Gibbs, a cnservatin scientist f the giant trtise restratin prgram. The results, he says, are a gd sign fr ther rewilding prjects that include giant trtise restratin as a keystne f their effrts, such as thse underway n ther islands f the Galapags and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.
33. What is a result f reintrducing the Galapags giant trtise t Españla?
A. Endangerment f ther species.
B. Restratin f the lcal ecsystem.
C. Decrease in giant trtises’ ppulatin.
D. Transfrmatin f rewilding prjects.
34. Hw did the giant trtise influence the waved albatrss?
A. By reducing the extent f wdy plants.
B. By spreading the seeds f a key species.
C. By creating mre living habitats fr them.
D. By limiting the number f their cmpetitrs.
35. What is James Gibbs’s attitude twards the giant trtise prject?
A. Unclear.B. Reserved.C. Psitive.D. Dismissive.
36. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Endangered Species Is Hard t Be Restred
B. Once-endangered Species Blssm in Galapags Islands
C. Españla Became a Wnderland fr Galapags Giant Trtises
D. Galapags Giant Trtises Prve Their Wrth as Ecsystem Engineers
Test 10（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
Humans have made the wrld less friendly t birds in many ways. One bvius example f this can be fund in metal spikes (尖刺), r anti-bird spikes in buildings t prevent birds frm landing and even nesting. Hwever, a handful f birds have struck back.
Auke-Flrian Hiemstra, a bilgist researching animal architecture at the Naturalis Bidiversity Center in Leiden, Netherlands, studies hw wild animals use materials made by humans. He has seen nests that include sme unusual materials—things like plastic flwers and sunglasses. But he was surprised when seeing a picture f a magpie (喜鹊) nest, the tp f which had anti-bird spikes.
Researchers had learned that the smart species, magpies and crws (乌鸦), were stealing anti-bird spikes as a nest-building material. The tw species appeared t use the anti-bird spikes in slightly different ways. Fr the crws, the spikes seemed purely structural, a material used t fashin a slid fundatin. But fr the magpies, there was an additinal layer f intentin: They appeared t use the spikes like humans d-runded cvering ver their nests t keep ther birds frm landing.
One recent study reprted that nests with man-made materials have been fund all ver the wrld and that the man-made materials include all kinds f man-made materials, including knitting needles, candy wrappers, spiky wires, and cigarette ends. Althugh magpies and crws haven’t been dcumented ding this, ther birds have. Scientists aren’t sure if birds are using artificial materials because they’re better, r simply because they’re easy t find. What is ntewrthy is that human-made materials in bird nests can cause injuries. Fr example, anti- bird netting, ften placed ver garden plts, is knwn t be dangerus fr birds, which ften end up being entangled in it.
Fr Hiemstra, while the new discveries are fascinating, he als highlights a brader issue: the unfrtunate ppularity f anti-bird spikes. “It’s kind f sad t keep fighting against nature instead f accepting it as part f the city,” he said.
37. Why was Hiemstra surprised when seeing the pht f a magpie nest?
A. A magpie decrated its nest with plastic flwers.
B. Magpies and crws are as intelligent as humans.
C. Magpies and crws cperated t build the nests.
D. The magpie nest was equipped with metal spikes.
38. Hw d magpies and crws differ frm each ther in using anti-bird spikes?
A. Crws use them fr fashin.
B. Magpies use them fr defence.
C. Crws use them t keep ff ther species.
D. Magpies use them t strengthen the nests.
39. What des the underline wrd “entangled” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Discvered.B. Frightened.C. Released.D. Trapped.
40. What des Hiemstra intend t d in the last paragraph?
A. Supprt birds’ using man-made materials.
B. Accept anti-bird spikes as part f the city.
C. Disapprve f humans’ using anti-bird spikes.
D. Stress the ppularity f anti-bird spikes in birds.
Test 11（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
It is reprted that abut 14 percent f Americans aged ver 12 have truble in hearing. And hearing lss increases dramatically t 50 percent r mre fr thse aged ver 70. It ften cmes n s gradually that many ignre it. Only an estimated 15 t 25 percent f adults wuld use hearing aids, and the use is lwest amng peple wh have less access t health care.
Hwever, recent research has revealed that even mild r mderate hearing lss in lder adults is assciated with cgnitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing lss are mre likely t develp dementia (痴呆), and the likelihd increases with the severity f the lss.
In July, Frank R. Lin, a prfessr frm Jhns Hpkins University, presented results frm a first-f-its-kind randmized clinical trial. Participants are 977 adults aged between 70 and 84, including thse wh have mre risk factrs fr develping dementia and thse wh are relatively healthy. They received best-practice hearing care, including hearing aids. Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference t the participants in cgnitive decline. Especially fr thse wh were at the higher risk fr dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk f cgnitive decline culd be made if they gt hearing aids.
When hearing lss is untreated, the brain’s rganizatin changes, says Anu Sharma, an auditry neurscientist f the University f Clrad Bulder. In adults with mild hearing lss, studies shw a decrease in gray matter (灰质) in brain. Sharma fund early signs that visin and tuch areas f the brain cver and change underused hearing areas. Adults with hearing lss als shw mre activity in wrking memry areas. They need t make extra effrts just t listen, Sharma says, which may exhaust cgnitive reserves.
Hearing lss is als assciated with mre falls, higher health-care csts, and increased lneliness and scial islatin. “Hearing is fundamental t healthy aging,” says Nichlas Reed, wh wrked with Frank R. Lin n the cgnitive-decline study.
41. What can we learn frm the figures in the first paragraph?
A. Americans pay special attentin t their hearing.
B. Americans are unaware f danger f hearing lss.
C. Many Americans with hearing lss stay untreated.
D. Mst Americans are suffering serius hearing lss.
42. What did Frank R. Lin’s clinical trial reveal?
A. Hearing aids helped reduce cgnitive decline.
B. Hearing aids wrked n healthy peple.
C. Cgnitive decline culd result in hearing lss.
D. Cgnitive decline was unrelated t age.
43. What is paragraph 4 centred n?
A. What sign will appear befre lsing hearing.
B. Hw hearing lss impacts cgnitive decline.
C. Why hearing lss is left untreated by peple.
D. Hw ur brain discurages cgnitive decline.
44. Which can be the best title fr the text?
A. Hearing lss—a new factr cnnected with dementia
B. Cgnitive decline, caused by mre than hearing lss
C. Dementia—an incurable but preventable disease
D. Hearing lss, having limited access t healthcare
Test 12（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
Are yu gd at interpreting ther peple’s emtins? Then there’s a gd chance that yu’re als gd at understanding what animals try t say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the pen jurnal Ryal Sciety Open Science indicates that empathetic (能共情的) peple are als gd at decding (解读) animal sunds. Other factrs als imprve yur chance f cmmunicating with animals — yu are mre likely t be animal-empathetic if yu als wrk with animals, and the ability seems t peak in thse aged 20-29 years ld, accrding t the scientists.
“Our results shw that, based n animal sunds, peple are able t tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不安的) r nt and whether the animal expresses psitive r negative emtins,” says behaviural bilgist Eldie Briefer frm the University f Cpenhagen’s Faculty f Science. “This is true in cnnectin with a number f different mammals. We can als see that ur ability t interpret the sunds depends n factrs such as age, first-hand knwledge f animals, and nt least hw empathetic we are twards ther peple.”
The study was based n answers frm 1024 peple acrss 48 cuntries. They were intrduced t sunds frm six mammals: gats, cattle, dmesticated hrses, Asian wild hrses, pigs, and wild bars. The sunds frm the six animals were played t the study’s respndents tgether with sunds f human nnsense (胡言乱语) prduced by actrs. Afterwards, the participants had t guess whether the sunds expressed a high r lw level f agitatin, and if the emtins were psitive r negative. Fllwing the test, the participants were asked t take an empathy test that measured their empathy twards human beings. “It is a cnvincing test which measures empathy twards ther peple,” Eldie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear cnnectin with the ability t interpret animal sunds.”
45. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the passage?
A. By stating pinins.B. By quting a saying.
C. By giving an example.D. By asking a questin.
46. Wh might be best at understanding animal emtins based n the study?
A. A 15-year-ld hard-wrking student.B. A 25-year-ld caring animal raiser.
C. A29-year-ld experienced hunter.D. A 30-year-ld friendly teacher.
47. What des Eldie Briefer think f the test invlved?
A. Dubtful.B. Reliable.C. Ineffective.D. Disappinting.
48. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Human empathy extends t animalsB. Emtin interpretatin helps animals
C. Sund interpretatin depends n agesD. Emtin expressin prtects animals
Test 13（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
New Calednian crws are well-knwn fr using different types f tls fr preying (捕食) frm tree hles and ther hiding places. While they firmly hld their tls in the bill, they need t put them dwn t eat. This is when crws are at risk f lsing their tls by accidentally drpping them r having them stlen by ther crws.
In an earlier study, researchers in the UK had discvered that crws keep their tls safe when nt needed, using ne f tw “safekeeping” strategies—they either securely hld them trapped underft, r temprarily put them int a nearby hle r behind bark. But are crws mre careful when handling particularly valuable tls?
“Many f us will fuss (大惊小怪) abut a brand-new phne, making sure it des nt get scratched, drpped r lst. But we may handle an ld phne with a cracked screen quite carelessly,” said lead authr Barbara Klump frm the Max Planck Institute f Animal Behavir, Germany.
Crws at ne f the team’s lng-term study sites use tw different kinds f stick tls: cmplex hked tls and basic nn-hked tls. The frmer are painstakingly crafted frm a relatively scarce plant species, while the latter are simply twigs (细枝) surced frm the frest flr. “Hked tls are nt nly mre cstly t btain, but they are als much mre efficient,” explained Barbara Klump. “Depending n the fraging (觅食) task, crws can get prey with these tls up t ten times faster than with nn-hked tls.”
In their new study, the researchers nw discvered that New Calednian crws are mre likely t keep valuable hked tls safe between uses than the mre basic nn-hked tls. “It was exciting t see crws are just a bit mre careful with tls that are mre efficient and mre cstly t replace. This suggests that they have sme cnceptin f the relative value’ f different tl types,” nted study c-authr James St Clair.
This is the first study t investigate hw animals handle and stre tls f different kinds, prviding a new way t measure hw much they value these bjects.
49. Why are phnes mentined in paragraph 3?
A. T indicate the necessity f phnes in ur daily life.
B. T emphasize peple’s attachment t their ld devices.
C. T stress the similarity between humans and crws.
D. T shw peple’s imprper attitude t ld things.
50. What’s the main advantage f a hked tl?
A. It can be gtten easily.B. It can be adjusted freely.
C. It can make crws’ fraging mre prductive.D. It can prevent crws frm danger.
51. What excited the researchers abut the New Calednian crws?
A. Their secret hiding places.B. Their unusual eating habits.
C. Their creatin f cmplex tls.D. Their treatment f valuable tls.
52. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Crws Use Strategies t Gain Valuable Tls
B. Crws Learn t Use Special Tls fr Preying
C. New Discvery f Hw Crws Make Tls
D. New Calednian Crws Keep Favrite Tls Safer
Test 14（2024·广东肇庆·统考一模）
Healthy human skin is cvered with bacteria (细菌) that are quick t settle in an pen wund. T prevent these rganisms frm spreading thrugh the bdy, which can permanently injure r kill a persn, the infected wund may need t be cleaned and treated with antibitics. Medical prfessinals typically identify infectins by unwrapping and bserving a wund r by swabbing (用拭子擦拭) it and cnducting a labratry test. But remving a wund dressing can slw dwn the healing prcess. Plus, bservatins are subjective, while swab tests take time and require that a patient be physically present.
T address these issues, sme research teams are develping devices that sit under bandages and cntinuusly mnitr indirect signs f infectin, such as changes in wund temperature r acidity. And scientists at the Natinal University f Singapre have nw created an even mre direct infectin sensr.
This sensr can detect an enzyme (酶) called DNase. The enzyme acts as a reliable infectin indicatr because disease-causing bacteria prduce it in large amunts inside wunds, whereas bacteria n healthy skin d nt—s testing fr the substance reduces the chance f a false psitive result. Furthermre, DNase builds up befre ther infectin signs appear. The new alert system, nicknamed the“wireless infectin detectin n wunds” (WINDOW) sensr, was detailed in Science Advances.
WINDOWs enzyme-sensing parts rely n a material called DNAgel. There searchers develped a particular kind f DNAgel that remains stable in watery envirnments, such as the human bdy, but begins t break dwn in the presence f DNase. They cnnected this gel (凝胶) t a chip that senses when the gel respnds by sending a signal t a smartphne.
Thus far, the team has expsed the DNAgel t wund swabs frm 18 peple’s wunds t see hw much the material degraded in the presence f the bacteria. There searchers als used the device n six living lab mice whse wunds were expsed t the same bacterial species, and it successfully detected infectins.
53. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The harm f cmmn wunds.
B. The treatment f infected wunds.
C. The interventin n wund healing.
D. The dilemma f infectin bservatin.
54. Hw des the WINDOW sensr detect infectins?
A. By cmparing wund acidity.
B. By detecting the DNase enzyme.
C. By measuring the bacteria amunt.
D. By bserving changes in wund clr.
55. What can we expect f the WINDOW sensr in the future?
A. It will cut dwn the length f infectin-treating.
B. It culd reduce the cst f infectin bservatin.
C. It can mnitr wunds cntinuusly and remtely.
D. It might help cnduct labratry tests n wunds.
56. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Innvatins in Wund Infectin Detectin
B. Remving the Dangers f Open Wunds
C. Recgnizing the Rle f DNase in Healing
D. Challenges in Wund Care and Treatment
Test 15（2023·浙江宁波·统考一模）
Gldfish may seem like simple creatures swimming in a glass tank, but they pssess a rather cmplicated navigatin system, as discvered by researchers at the University f Oxfrd Led by Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux, the study aims t shed light n ur understanding f hw fish, and ptentially humans, estimate distances using what culd be described as an internal GPS.
Writing in the jurnal Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety B, Sibeaux and clleagues reprt hw they created a tank in their experiment with 2cm-wide black and white vertical stripes (条纹) n the walls, cnnected by similar stripes acrss the flr. The team trained nine gldfish t swim a set distance f 70cm and then return t their starting pint when waved at. The experiment aimed t investigate hw the fish wuld estimate this distance withut any gestures, under different patterns.
Over multiple trials, the gldfish averaged a swim distance f 74cm, give r take 17cm, when presented with the vertical 2cm-wide stripes. Hwever, when the stripe pattern was altered t either narrwer vertical stripes, checked patterns, r hrizntal stripes, the fish’s behavir changed significantly. Narrwer vertical stripes led them t verestimating the distance by 36%, while hrizntal stripes resulted in highly incnsistent estimatins.
Accrding t the researchers, the gldfish appeared t be using an “ptic (光学的) flw mechanism” based n the visual density f their envirnment. They kept track f hw frequently the vertical pattern switched between black and white t estimate hw far they had traveled. The study suggests that different ptic flw mechanisms are used by mammals, including humans, based n angular (有角度的) mtin f visual features. The study implies that the use f visually based distance infrmatin culd have emerged early in the evlutinary timeline.
“This study is nvel because, despite knwing that fish respnd t gemetric infrmatin regarding directin and distance, we dn’t knw hw they estimate distances,” Prfessr Clin Lever, althugh nt invlved in the study, said, “it’s exciting t explre fish spatial mapping because fish navigatin evlved earlier and better than mst mammals.”
57. Why did Dr. Adelaide Sibeaux cnduct the study n gldfish?
A. T test the accuracy f gldfish’s internal GPS.
B. T create an advanced navigatin system fr humans
C. T uncver hw an inbuilt GPS helps calculate distances.
D. T explre the relatinships between gldfish and humans
58. What can we learn abut the experiment?
A. Peple gestured the gldfish thrughut the experiment
B. The tank was decrated with clrful backgrund patterns
C. Gldfish tended t underestimate distances with hrizntal stripes.
D. The change in the tank setting led t the gldfish's incrrect judgment.
59. It can be cncluded frm the furth paragraph that ____________.
A. ptic flw mechanism is unique t humans
B. mammals develped flw mechanism lng befre gldfish
C. gldfish evaluated the distance with multidimensinal visual infrmatin
D. visual density f the envirnment strengthened the lcating ability f gldfish
60. What attitude des Prfessr Clin hld twards the study?
A. Neutral.B. Ambiguus.C. Disapprving.D. Favrable.时间
卷次
主题语境
题型分类
2023年
新高考I卷
人与社会：数字极简主义生活方式
2）人与社会：“群体智慧”效应
1）1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个词义猜测题
2）1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
人与自然：保护城市中的野生自然
1个细节理解题
3个推理判断题
全国甲卷
人与自然：美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头
2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
全国乙卷
人与社会：英国烹饪节目的影响
2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
2022年
新高考I卷
1）人与自然：在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式
2）人与社会：改善老年人的健康状况的项目
3）人与社会：饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音
1）2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
2）3个推理判断题
1个词义猜测题
3）2个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
人与社会：Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机
1个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
全国甲卷
人与自然：会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉
2个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
全国乙卷
1）人与社会：无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠又经济
2）人与社会：对软饮料征收的糖税
1）1个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
2）3个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
2021年
新高考I卷
1）人与社会：美国鸭票
2）人与社会：情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望
1）1个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
2）1个细节理解题
3个推理判断题
新高考 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷
1）人与社会：用于监测放牧牛的健康状况的机器人。
2）人与社会：
1）4个细节理解题
2）2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
全国甲卷
1）人与自然：Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状
2）人与社会：
1）2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
2）2个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
全国乙卷
1）人与社会：艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品
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1）1个细节理解题
3个推理判断题
2）3个细节理解题
1个推理判断题
北京卷
人与社会：全球崩塌（glbal cllapse）的概念
2个推理判断题
1个词义猜测题