专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题22 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解议论文狂练30篇（五年真题+新模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习，文件包含专题22培优小题狂练阅读理解议论文狂练30篇五年真题+最新模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习原卷版docx、专题22培优小题狂练阅读理解议论文狂练30篇五年真题+最新模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共87页， 欢迎下载使用。
【三年考情回顾】
【题型应对策略】
一、选材特点、文体特征和命题特点
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
二、议论文应对策略
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023全国乙卷D篇）
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2. （2022全国甲卷D篇）
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
32-35 DDAA
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these ld bats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段的第一句 ... being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. 可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中 Anthny 的观点 ... a fundatin built n ancient cultures with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. 和最后一段 He is right ... 可知，Anthny 认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。
2.（2021全国甲卷D篇）
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
12. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're cnservative. C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
14. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
15. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】12-15 ADAB
【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。
13. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
14. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
15. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。
4. （2019全国I卷D篇）
During the rsy years f elementary schl(小学), I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers, amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard friendships, jump-start interpersnal skills and, when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, as well as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage(从事) in dangerus and risky behavir.”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents, scring the least liked, the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys (调查研究). “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us."
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness — carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research, Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. "Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage ” he said.
32. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind. B. Lnely. C. Generus. D. Cl.
33. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f the ppular.B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive.B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status.D. They perfrmed well academically.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice--Yu Wn’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer
C. Be the Best--Yu Can Make It D. Mre Self-Cntrl, Less Aggressiveness
【答案】32. C33. A34. B35. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段During the rsy years f elementary schl, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status.可知，在美好的小学时光里，作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话，由此推断出，作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。A. Unkind不友善的；B. Lnely寂寞的；C. Generus慷慨的；D. Cl冷静的。故选C。
33.主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。
34.推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整）推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。
35.主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响，讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后（你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后）”一致，故选A。
【最新名校模拟】
【01】（2023上·广东深圳·高三深圳市建文外国语学校校考期中）
Think “art”. What cmes t yur mind? Is it Greek r Rman sculptures in the Luvre, r Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern f lights?
The artwrks by American artist Janet Echelman lk like clurful flating cluds when they are lit up at night. Visitrs t ne f her artwrks in Vancuver culd nt nly enjy lking at it, they culd als interact with it-literally. They did this by using their phnes t change its clurs and patterns. Exhibits such as these are certainly new and exciting, but are they really art?
Whatever yur pinin, peple have been expressing their thughts and ideas thrugh art fr thusands f years. T d this, they have used a variety f tls and technlgies. Yet Michelangel and thers have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but nt “technicians”. This means that art and technlgy, have always been seen as tw very separate (不同的) things.
Tday, hwever, technlgical advances have led t a cmbinatin f art and technlgy. As a result, the art wrld is changing greatly. Nw art is mre accessible t us than ever befre. Take fr example ne f China’s mst famus paintings frm the Sng Dynasty, Alng the River During the Qingming Festival. As this artwrk is rarely n display, peple have smetimes queued up t six hurs fr a chance t see it. Once in frnt f the painting, they nly have limited time t spend taking in its five metres f scenes alng the Bian River in Bianjing. Thanks t technlgy hwever, millins mre peple have been able t experience a digital versin f this painting. Three-dimensinal (3D) animatin means that viewers can see the characters mve arund and interact with their surrundings. They can als watch as the different scenes change frm daylight int nighttime.
The art-tech cmbinatin (结合) is als changing ur cncepts f “art” and the “artist”. Nt nly can we interact with art, but als take part in its creatin. With new technlgical tls at ur fingertips, mre and mre peple are explring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art frms, such as digital paintings and vides.
Hwever, where technlgy will take art next is anyne’s guess. But ne thing is fr sure—with s many artists explring new pssibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.
1. What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A. T explain the art.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T give the backgrund.D. T give a definitin.
2. Why is “Michelangel” referred t in the third paragraph?
A. T shw he is a famus artist.
B. T shw he is als a technician.
C. T shw art is different frm technlgy.
D. T shw art is the same as technlgy.
3. What’s mainly talked abut in the passage?
A. The histry f technlgy and art.
B. The relatin f technlgy and art.
C. The future f technlgy and art.
D. The examples f technlgy and art.
4. What can we knw abut the authr’s attitude t the cmbinatin f art and technlgy ?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. Dubtful.D. Uncertain
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了将技术与艺术结合的优缺点。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Think “art”. What cmes t yur mind? Is it Greek r Rman sculptures in the Luvre, r Chinese paintings in the Palace Museum? Or maybe, just maybe, it’s a dancing pattern f lights?(说到“艺术”，你想到了什么？是卢浮宫里希腊或罗马的雕塑？抑或是故宫博物院里中国的名画？又也许，仅仅是也许，是一片舞动的光影？)”以及后文内容，可知，本文主题是技术与艺术结合，所以本段的作用是引出话题。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Whatever yur pinin, peple have been expressing their thughts and ideas thrugh art fr thusands f years. T d this, they have used a variety f tls and technlgies. Yet Michelangel and thers have been labelled (定义) as “artists”, but nt “technicians”. This means that art and technlgy, have always been seen as tw very separate (不同的) things.(无论你的看法如何，数千年来人们一直通过艺术表达自己的思想和理念。为此，人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。然而，米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“技巧大师”。这就意味着艺术和科技一直被看作两个截然不同的领域)”可知，本段提到米开朗基罗，是为了展示艺术不同于技术。故选C项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Tday, hwever, technlgical advances have led t a cmbinatin f art and technlgy. As a result, the art wrld is changing greatly. Nw art is mre accessible t us than ever befre.(然而，今天，技术的进步导致了艺术与技术的结合。因此，艺术界正在发生巨大的变化。现在我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术)”以及第五段“The art-tech cmbinatin (结合) is als changing ur cncepts f “art” and the “artist”. Nt nly can we interact with art, but als take part in its creatin. With new technlgical tls at ur fingertips, mre and mre peple are explring their creative sides. The result has been exciting new art frms, such as digital paintings and vides.(艺术与科技的结合也在改变着我们对“艺术”和“艺术家”的概念。我们不仅可以与艺术互动，还可以参与艺术的创作。随着新的技术工具触手可及，越来越多的人正在探索他们的创造力。其结果是令人兴奋的新艺术形式，如数字绘画和视频)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了将技术与艺术结合，也就是技术与艺术的关系。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, where technlgy will take art next is anyne’s guess. But ne thing is fr sure—with s many artists explring new pssibilities, we can definitely expect the unexpected.(然而，技术下一步将把艺术带向何方，谁也说不准。但有一件事是肯定的，随着这么多艺术家探索新的可能性，我们肯定可以期待意想不到的事情)”可知，作者认为艺术与技术结合将可以期待，所以是积极的的态度。故选A项。
【02】（2023上·江西·高三浮梁县第一中学校联考期中）
The 1973 hrrr film “The Exrcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were s scary that audiences left the theater up and ut—thrwing up and passing ut, that is.
Based n this evidence after the release, it wuld seem t mst peple that hrrr mvies are bad fr peple’s health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the ppsite: The Hallween traditin f watching scary mvies is actually gd fr yur mental health.
“There is sme research n this in psychlgy, but I think what’s basically been fund is that there’s a benefit t recalling fears in yur mind,” Matthew Strhl, the authr f Why It’s OK t Lve Bad Mvies, tld Saln. “Yu can gain a sense f distance frm them. Yu feel yu can cnquer them thrugh this srt f expsure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yurself in a psitin where yu have t engage with them. But because it’s in a fictinal (虚构的) artistic cntext, yu can deal with them.”
Frank T. McAndrew, wh has studied hw places can “creep” peple ut (让人害怕)—researched n the science behind hw hrrr mvies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle fr meeting this need t be scared.
“That is kind f brn with us,” McAndrew pinted ut. “We like stries. We like t learn thrugh the experience f ther peple. We learn valuable lessns that might be kind f cstly t learn n ur wn. S we are attracted by hrrr mvies and hrrr experiences because by watching ther peple deal with scary things, we can mentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared fr dealing with that urselves in the future.”
Whether it is turning dwn the mvie’s vlume, cvering yur eyes, r reminding yurself that it is just a mvie, McAndrew said “that kind f playful engagement with fear can nt nly help peple avid fainting frm hrrr in face f a hrrr mvie, but als handle the pressure and anxieties f the real wrld.”
5. Hw experts’ pinin differs frm mst peple’s belief?
A. Peple like hrrr mvies.B. Hrrr films are actually beneficial.
C. Hrrr may cause physical discmfrt.D. Hallween traditin is watching hrrr mvies.
6. Which statement might Matthew Strhl agree with?
A. Hrrr films can give peple a sense f cntrl.
B. Fears can keep peple away frm scary films.
C. Fears in life differ frm thse caused by scary films.
D. Nt everyne can appreciate the beauty f fictinal arts.
7. What des “That” underlined in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. The appeal fr a vehicle.B. The need fr fear.
C. The fear fr sme places.D. The science behind hrrr.
8. In which aspect can scary film lvers perfrm better?
A. Studying literature and art.B. Writing film reviews.
C. Dealing with stress and anxiety.D. Interacting with thers.
【答案】
5. B 6. A 7. B 8. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍几个专家的观点论述了人们对恐惧的感受以及恐怖片是如何有益于人们的心理健康的。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet experts actually argue exactly the ppsite: The Hallween traditin f watching scary mvies is actually gd fr yur mental health.(然而，专家们认为实际上恰恰相反：万圣节看恐怖电影的传统实际上对你的心理健康有好处。)”可知，大多数人认为恐怖电影对人们有害，但是专家却认为恐怖电影对人们的心理健康有益，故选B项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段Matthew Strhl说的“ I think what’s basically been fund is that there’s a benefit t recalling fears in yur mind(但我认为基本上已经发现的是，在脑海中回忆恐惧是有好处的)”“Yu can gain a sense f distance frm them. Yu feel yu can cnquer them thrugh this srt f expsure, as it were, by repeatedly putting yurself in a psitin where yu have t engage with them. But because it’s in a fictinal (虚构的) artistic cntext, yu can deal with them.(你可以获得与它们的距离感。你觉得你可以通过这种暴露来征服它们，可以说，通过反复地把自己放在一个必须与它们接触的位置。但因为这是一个虚构的艺术背景，你可以处理它们。)”可知，在看恐怖电影时，人们会接触到令人害怕的事物，但知道那些并不是真实存在的。多次观看后，人们便能克服对它们的恐惧感，进而更好地控制自己的恐惧，故选A项。
7. 词句猜测题。that指代上文提到的事情，根据第四段中“researched n the science behind hw hrrr mvies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle fr meeting this need t be scared(研究了恐怖电影恐怖电影是满足恐惧需求的理想载体背后的科学原理)”可知，That 指代上文内容“this need t be scared(对害怕这一情绪的需求)”，故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一个段中“that kind f playful engagement with fear can nt nly help peple avid fainting frm hrrr in face f a hrrr mvie, but als handle the pressure and anxieties f the real wrld(这种对恐惧的戏谑参与不仅可以帮助人们避免在面对恐怖电影时因恐惧而晕倒，还可以处理现实世界的压力和焦虑。)”可知，看恐怖电影可以帮助人们处理现实生活中的压力和焦虑，可推理出恐怖片的爱好者们在应对压力和焦虑会表现更好，故选C项。
【03】（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives.And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shuntechnlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted(植入) int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever,it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns,nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert(静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them.Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away frm us.
9. What des the underlined wrd “shun” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Develp.B. Avid.C. Change.D. Trust.
10. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A. The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
B. The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
C. The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
D. The future f micrchips and devices alike.
11. Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A. They may reject it.
B. They may expect it.
C. They may adjust t it.
D. They may feel curius abut it.
12. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. Cmputer-brain interface: The light f the future
B. Innvatin is necessary t make prgress
C. Where are we in the medical technlgy?
D. Mind-cntrlled tech: Is it pssible?
【答案】
9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
9. 词句猜测题。划线词句后文“There are cmputer micrchips(微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! (我们的手表，汽车，电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有电脑芯片！)”说明电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从而推知划线词句“It’s practically difficult t shuntechnlgy in ur wrld. (在我们的世界里，shun科技实际上是很困难的。)”其中划线词汇意思是“回避，不用”。故选B项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早已被植入大脑。)”和第三段“Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin. (例如，电极已经植入癫痫患者的大脑，以便更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。类似地，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的深部脑刺激，是治疗帕金森氏症等疾病的既定方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可知，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选C项。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists. (事实上，让陌生人在你的大脑里植入芯片的可能性很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对于一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒的人群，对于害怕牙医的人群来说更多。)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A项。
12. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? (有多少人真的想把科技真正地植入他们的大脑？)”可知，本文探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。D项“大脑控制技术：这可能吗？”符合主题，故选D项。
【04】（2023上·湖北武汉·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
Cmpassin has nt been a traditinal characteristic f sprt. With its UK rts in 19th-century British public schls and universities, mdern sprt develped as way f creating strng military leaders, training them t develp adaptability defined in thse times by irn will and biting the bullet. Fear and harsh criticism were crucial t tughening up players and sldiers alike. The “tugh guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media steretypes and Hllywd’s heres and became rted int sprt and sciety.
I’ve heard cuntless stries like the ppular culture I fund when I jined the Olympic rwing team in the mid-1990s. We were expected t suffer after mistakes r lsses t shw that we truly cared, and everyne believed caches needed t be severe and unfrgiving t get results. These appraches still exist. But an alternative apprach with cmpassin at its center addresses aims f perfrmance and wellbeing fr thse with greater ambitins.
This isn’t sme sft ptin which plays dwn hard wrk, as supprters f the earlier traditinal sprting mindset might criticize. Research acrss branches f psychlgy — behaviral, sprts, psitive — shws hw cmpassin creates the strngest fundatin fr adaptability and sustained perfrmance under pressure whether in sprt, the military, healthcare r business. Rather than activating ur threat system which began t help us survive way back, cmpassin helps us t feel safe and prtected, leaving us free t learn, cnnect with thers and start explring what we’re capable f.
The cntinuus need t imprve perfrmance has led tp caches t appreciate that high perfrmance requires levels f supprt t match the level f challenge. When yu prvide that, players start thriving while striving t achieve mre. Rted in cmpassin, a different cach-athlete relatinship thus develps.
The dictinary definitin f cmpassin includes the recgnitin f anther’s suffering and the desire and supprt t relieve it. Cmpassin has been shwn t decrease fear f failure and increase the likelihd f trying again when failure des happen. But hw many talented athletes experience that depth f supprt in mments f crisis and failure?
13. What des the underlined phrase “biting the bullet” in paragraph ne mean?
A. Cmmitment.B. Ambitin.C. Suffering.D. Tughness.
14. Why is the example f rwing team mentined in the secnd paragraph?
A. T aruse peple’s interest abut rwing.
B. T recall a painful training experience.
C. T draw a distinctin between training appraches.
D. T bring ut a cmpassin-centered training apprach.
15. What des the paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. Criticism abut the cmpassin.B. Necessity f emplying cmpassin.
C. Characteristics abut the cmpassin.D. Fields that cmpassin is invlved in.
16. What wuld the authr pssibly agree?
A. The media is active in develping tugh training style.
B. Extrardinary athletes rarely received enugh supprt.
C. The cmpassin-centered training is widely used in sprts.
D. Cmpassin means mre penness t failure and less training.
【答案】
13. D 14. D 15. B 16. B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了以同情为中心的训练方法的起源及在体育界的应用和其优势。
13. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Cmpassin has nt been a traditinal characteristic f sprt. With its UK rts in 19th-century British public schls and universities, mdern sprt develped as way f creating strng military leaders, training them t develp adaptability defined in thse times by irn will and...”（同情心并不是体育运动的传统特征。现代体育起源于19世纪的英国公立学校和大学，作为培养强大军事领袖的一种方式而发展起来，训练他们发展适应能力，在那个时代，这种适应能力是由钢铁般的意志和……所定义的。）及最后一句“The “tugh guy” narrative was strengthened by 20th-century media steretypes and Hllywd’s heres and became rted int sprt and sciety.”（“硬汉”的叙事被20世纪媒体的刻板印象和好莱坞的英雄所强化，并扎根于体育和社会。）可知，钢铁般的意志和“biting the bullet”是早期军事领袖适应性强的一个特征，是一种硬汉形象的精神特征，故可以推测“biting the bullet”指坚韧不拔的精神，与前文“irn will”含义一致。故选D项。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“We were expected t suffer after mistakes r lsses t shw that we truly cared, and everyne believed caches needed t be severe and unfrgiving t get results. These appraches still exist. But an alternative apprach with cmpassin at its center addresses aims f perfrmance and wellbeing fr thse with greater ambitins.”（我们被期望在犯错或输球后承受痛苦，以表明我们真的在乎，每个人都认为教练需要严厉和无情才能取得成绩。这些方法仍然存在。但另一种以同情为中心的方法，使那些有更大抱负的人实现了优秀的表现和幸福的目标。）可知，作者提到赛艇队的例子说明了当时以严厉和批评为主的训练方法，从而引出同情为中心的方法，说明这种方法更有优势，能实现更大的抱负。故选D项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Research acrss branches f psychlgy — behaviral, sprts, psitive — shws hw cmpassin creates the strngest fundatin fr adaptability and sustained perfrmance under pressure whether in sprt, the military, healthcare r business. Rather than activating ur threat system which began t help us survive way back, cmpassin helps us t feel safe and prtected, leaving us free t learn, cnnect with thers and start explring what we’re capable f.”（跨心理学分支——行为、体育、积极心理学——研究表明，无论是在体育、军事、医疗还是商业领域，同情心都为适应压力和持续表现创造最坚实的基础。它不是激活帮助我们生存下去的威胁系统，相反，同情帮助我们感到安全和保护，让我们自由地学习，与他人联系，并开始探索我们的能力。）可知，本段主要论述了同情心对我们的重要作用，即应用同情心的重要性。故选B项。
16. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Cmpassin has been shwn t decrease fear f failure and increase the likelihd f trying again when failure des happen. But hw many talented athletes experience that depth f supprt in mments f crisis and failure?”（同情心已经被证明可以减少对失败的恐惧，并在失败发生时增加再次尝试的可能性。但有多少天才运动员能在危机和失败的时刻得到如此深度的支持呢?）可知，同情心对运动员有好处，根据“but”转折可知，作者认为并没有多少杰出的运动员在面对失败和危机时能获得这样的支持。故选B项。
【05】（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期中）
Mdern museums are trying everything they can t shre up declining attendance. Smehw, there always seems t be sme crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, fr example. What’s wrse, the unappreciative public is ging farther and farther away. S museums d what they can t attract peple, and the results are ccasinally wnderful and ccasinally laughable.
The wrst f such results ccurs when sme curatr, smene wh is in charge f a museum, decides that the reasn the audience isn’t puring thrugh the drs is that the cntent is ver their heads — the histry presented is t cmplex and plitical, the art t abstract, r the scientific explanatins t in-depth. What ccurs then is a unifrm simplifying f the exhibits. Text is minimized, and histrically significant pieces are passed ver in favr f thse mre pretty and pleasing. The museum becmes a place where peple g t lk at pretty things instead f a place fr learning, understanding and appreciating different cultures, art, and science.
All these effrts have given rise t the cncept f “edutainment”— a mixture in which learning is suppsed t be accmplished withut any effrt at all n the part f the visitr. Displays are cnstructed with an eye tward their entertainment value, with relevant facts slipped secretly in, as thugh learning were a bitter pill that must be sugarcated befre the average museum visitrs can be induced (劝诱) t swallw it. But true educatin is an active pursuit, nt smething ne receives like a piece f candy. The museum’s jb shuld be t inspire visitrs t lk deeper, nt t frce-feed them predigested facts.
If a museum becmes indistinguishable frm a theme park, it has failed. Nnprfit institutins exist because, if they did nt, n fr-prfit institutins wuld serve their functin. If active schlarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead f shaping the museum t resemble successful entertainment enterprises.
17. What can we learn frm paragraph 1?
A. Mdern museums succeed in raising funds.
B. Mdern museums have been quite appreciated.
C. Mdern museums are facing many challenges.
D. Mdern museums are ften far away frm city centers.
18. Which f the fllwing best explains “ver their heads” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. simple and pleasingB. badly expressed
C. educatinal and imprtantD. t difficult t understand
19. Which f the fllwing wuld the authr mst prbably agree with?
A. Learning is suppsed t be interesting.
B. Entertainment shuldn’t be practiced in museums.
C. Museums shuld help visitrs enjy learning.
D. Museums shuldn’t prvide cmplex cntent.
20. What is the main purpse f the text?
A. T pint ut a prblem f mdern museums.
B. T encurage readers t visit museums.
C. T advise readers t acquire knwledge actively.
D. T shw sme gd changes in mdern museums.
【答案】
17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要叙述了当代博物馆存在的问题，作者认为博物馆要激发参观者对内容看得更深入，而不是背离教育本身，增加娱乐性去强行灌输简单事实。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Mdern museums are trying everything they can t shre up declining attendance. Smehw, there always seems t be sme crisis that they are struggling against — a severe funding cut, fr example. What’s wrse, the unappreciative public is ging farther and farther away. (现代博物馆正在尽一切努力来提振不断下降的参观人数。不知怎么，他们似乎总是在与一些危机作斗争——例如，严重的资金削减。更糟糕的是，不领情的公众离我们越来越远。)”可知，现代博物馆面临很多挑战，比如：持续下降的参观人数和严重削减的资金。故选C。
18. 词义猜测题。破折号的作用是进一步解释前文内容。根据第二段破折号后内容“—the histry presented is t cmplex and plitical, the art t abstract, r the scientific explanatins t in-depth. (——呈现的历史太复杂和政治，艺术太抽象，或者科学解释太深入)”可知，一些博物馆馆长认为观众不蜂拥入场的原因是内容“太难了”，所以划线词“ver their heads”和“t difficult t understand”同义，故选D。
19. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But true educatin is an active pursuit, nt smething ne receives like a piece f candy. The museum’s jb shuld be t inspire visitrs t lk deeper, nt t frce-feed them predigested facts. (真正的教育是一种积极的追求，而不是像一块糖果一样接受。博物馆的工作应该是激励参观者看得更深入，而不是向他们强行灌输简单的事实)”和最后一段“If active schlarship is missing, then by all means, supply it, instead f shaping the museum t resemble successful entertainment enterprises.(如果缺少活跃的学术研究，那就尽一切办法提供它，而不是把博物馆塑造成成功的娱乐企业。)”可知，作者不赞同去把博物馆变成娱乐性企业，而是要激发参观者对内容看更深入，所以B选项“Entertainment shuldn’t be practiced in museums.(娱乐不应该在博物馆里实践)”符合题意。故选B。
20. 推理判断题。文章首段提出了博物馆现如今存在的问题，第二段描述了针对问题的解决办法，即增强娱乐性，三四段介绍了办法导致的后果以及作者的相关建议，所以本篇文章的目的是为了指出现代博物馆的一个问题。故选A。
【06】（2023上·重庆·高三校联考期中）
Whm shuld yu marry? Where shuld yu live? Hw shuld yu spend yur time? Fr centuries, peple have relied n their gut instincts (直觉) t figure ut the answers t these life-changing questins. Nw, thugh, there is a better way. We are living thrugh a data explsin, as vast amunts f infrmatin abut all aspects f human behavir have becme mre and mre accessible. We can use this big data t help determine the best curse t chart.
There has lng been verwhelming—and ften surprising—evidence that algrithms (算法) can be much better than peple at making difficult decisins. Researchers have cllected data n varius kinds f chices peple make, the infrmatin they base thse chices n, and hw things turn ut. They have fund, fr example, that a simple data-driven algrithm wuld have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant shuld stay in prisn r be released; better than dctrs at deciding whether a patient shuld underg surgery; and better than schl principals at deciding which teachers shuld be prmted.
The pwer f data analysis has been prved in the sprts and business wrlds, t. As made famus by the bk and mvie Mneyball, baseball teams fund that algrithms were better than scuts (星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technlgies dramatically defeated cmpetitrs by seeking ut patterns in stck market data and using them t infrm its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicn Valley have fund that data frm experiments prvides better insights int hw t design their websites than designers culd.
These are the early days f the data revlutin in decisin-making. I am nt claiming that we can cmpletely cunt n algrithms t make ur lifestyle chices, thugh we might get t that pint in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically imprve ur decisin-making by cnsulting evidence mined frm thusands r millins f peple wh faced dilemmas similar t urs. And we can d that nw.
21. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. Big data is a duble-edged swrd.
B. Data revlutin will change peple’s life.
C. Big data is helpful in making imprtant decisins.
D. Algrithms behaves better than peple in many fields.
22. Accrding t paragraph 2, algrithms might NOT defeat peple in_________.
A. curt rulingsB. jb prmtins
C. perative estimatinD. teaching practices
23. What is the writing purpse f paragraph 3?
A. T prvide further evidence.B. T shw ptential applicatins.
C. T encurage the use f big data.D. T explain hw t use algrithms.
24. Which f the fllwing will the authr mst prbably agree with?
A. Algrithms ffer perfect advice nw.
B. Big data will certainly cause a revlutin.
C. Big data can make up fr ur lack f experience.
D. Algrithms are bund t be fully trusted in the future.
【答案】
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述随着大数据的普及，我们可以利用大数据来改善我们的决策。
21. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We are living thrugh a data explsin, as vast amunts f infrmatin abut all aspects f human behavir have becme mre and mre accessible. We can use this big data t help determine the best curse t chart.(我们正生活在一个数据爆炸的时代，关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取。我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助确定绘制地图的最佳路线。)”可知，数据革命将改变人们的生活。故选B项。
22. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have fund, fr example, that a simple data-driven algrithm wuld have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant shuld stay in prisn r be released; better than dctrs at deciding whether a patient shuld underg surgery; and better than schl principals at deciding which teachers shuld be prmted.(例如，他们发现，一个简单的数据驱动算法在决定被告是应该留在监狱还是释放时，会比法官更好；在决定病人是否应该接受手术方面优于医生；而且比学校校长更擅长决定哪些老师应该升职。)”可知，数据算法只有“教学实践”方面有可能不会打败人类。故选D项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The pwer f data analysis has been prved in the sprts and business wrlds, t. As made famus by the bk and mvie Mneyball, baseball teams fund that algrithms were better than scuts(星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technlgies dramatically defeated cmpetitrs by seeking ut patterns in stck market data and using them t infrm its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicn Valley have fund that data frm experiments prvides better insights int hw t design their websites than designers culd.(数据分析的力量在体育和商业领域也得到了证明。正如书和电影《点球成金》所述，棒球队发现，算法在挑选球员方面比球探好，在挑选策略方面比经理好。在金融领域，对冲基金文艺复兴科技公司通过从股市数据中寻找规律，并利用这些规律制定投资策略，一举击败了竞争对手。硅谷的科技公司发现，实验数据比设计师更能帮助他们了解如何设计网站。)”可知，算法在体育和商业领域，也可以帮助人们更好地做出决策，此段的写作目的是提供进一步的证据。故选A项。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically imprve ur decisin-making by cnsulting evidence mined frm thusands r millins f peple wh faced dilemmas similar t urs. And we can d that nw.(相反，我认为我们都可以通过咨询从成千上万与我们面临类似困境的人那里获得的证据来显著改善我们的决策。我们现在就能做到。)”可知，作者应该赞成“大数据可以弥补我们经验的不足。”这一观点。故选C项。
【07】（2022·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考二模）
And Alice said, “Curiuser and Curiuser!”
“Curiuser and curiuser!” this line frm Lewis Carrll’s Alice in the Wnderland aruses the mst interesting mix f mystery, explratin, discvery and fantasy f the new and unreal.
Curisity can ften be amusing in the real wrld: a baby mnkey sliding ff the branch as it curiusly stretches ut its hand twards a piece f red, juicy fruit.Then there is ur wn curius little cusin, intent n pushing a rck ver and then equally excited by the wrms crawling ut.We can hear his cheerfulclaps — the curisity effect! They are all set t explre and investigate what is arund them.This childlike enthusiasm and interest in the wrld dribble away as they grw lder and becme mre cautius.
Curisity is ne f ur strngest instincts.We are brn with it and fllw its trail fr a reasn.It is t learn smething we did nt knw, t understand smething which is unusual, and t engage with smething we have nt cme acrss befre.The learning f the “new” sets us ff n a path f discvery and innvatin.Curisity and explratin activates areas f the brain that are linked with learning and memry.An imaginative mind adds mre neurns (神经元), which increases ur brain pwer.The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain.Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry! The labyrinths (迷宫) f ur brain are cmplex and mysterius.We can get these neurns t buzz and crackle in tune with ur imaginatin and explratin t aid in the develpment f a healthier brain.
Curiuser and curiuser, g fllw the trail dwn the rabbit hle f explratin.The wrld awaits, and yur brain will thank yu fr exercising its muscle!
25. What des the underlined wrds prbably mean in the secnd paragraph?
A. Wear ffB. Give ff.C. Take ff.D. Cut ff.
26. Which f the statements abut dpamine is true accrding t the writer?
A. Dpamine can increase ur brain pwer.
B. Dpamine can deliver happiness in ur brain.
C. Dpamine can figure ut the mystery f ur brain.
D. Dpamine can activate ur curisity in ur brain.
27. Hw did the writer rganize the third paragraph?
A. By making definitins.B. By giving theries.
C. By shwing benefits.D. By making cmparisns.
28. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Imaginatin is mre imprtant than knwledge.
B. Alice in the Wnderland is Lewis Carrll’s best seller.
C. Curisity is a natural tendency fr peple and animal.
D. Curisity is f great significance t us regardless f age.
【答案】
25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过举例和论证，说明好奇心在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，可以激发我们的探索和调查欲望，促进大脑的健康和发展。
25. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“as they grw lder and becme mre cautius.(随着年龄的增长，变得更加谨慎)”可推测，这种孩子般的热情和对世界的兴趣会逐渐消失。由此可知，划线词组dribble away与Wear ff(逐渐消失)意思接近。故选A。
26. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain. Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry!(追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样！)”可知，多巴胺可以在我们的大脑中传递快乐。故选B。
27. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Curisity is ne f ur strngest instincts. We are brn with it and fllw its trail fr a reasn. It is t learn smething we did nt knw, t understand smething which is unusual, and t engage with smething we have nt cme acrss befre. The learning f the “new” sets us ff n a path f discvery and innvatin. Curisity and explratin activates areas f the brain that are linked with learning and memry. An imaginative mind adds mre neurns (神经元), which increases ur brain pwer. The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain. Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry! The labyrinths (迷宫) f ur brain are cmplex and mysterius. We can get these neurns t buzz and crackle in tune with ur imaginatin and explratin t aid in the develpment f a healthier brain(好奇心是我们最强烈的本能之一。我们生来就有它，追随它的足迹是有原因的。它是学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西。对“新”事物的学习使我们走上了发现和创新的道路。好奇心和探索会激活大脑中与学习和记忆有关的区域。富有想象力的头脑会增加更多的神经元，从而提高我们的脑力。追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样!我们大脑的迷宫是复杂而神秘的。我们可以让这些神经元嗡嗡作响，与我们的想象力和探索保持一致，以帮助发育更健康的大脑。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了好奇心可以帮助我们学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西；而追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺以及帮助发育更健康的大脑。由此可知，文章第三段通过展示好奇心的好处来开展内容。故选C。
28. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Curiuser and curiuser, g fllw the trail dwn the rabbit hle f explratin. The wrld awaits, and yur brain will thank yu fr exercising its muscle!(好奇的人越来越好奇，沿着这条小径进入探索的兔子洞。世界在等着你，你的大脑会感谢你锻炼了它的肌肉！)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了好奇心的重要性，无论年龄大小，好奇心对我们都有重要意义。故选D。
【08】（2023上·河南·高三校联考阶段练习）
While sme critics claim that histry curricula (课程) teach unnecessary cntent, thers argue that these curricula need t be mre cmprehensive. Despite nging debates abut cntent, ne universal truth remains: strng histry curricula are necessary fr develping the prductive citizens f tmrrw.
The greatest academic value that histry curricula prvide is nt the recall f imprtant dates and names. Rather, understanding the histrical inquiry prcess is the mst imprtant cmpnent. This prcess teaches students hw t becme critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature f the telling f histry.
Thrugh strng histry curricula, students are shwn bth a variety f primary and secndary surces and are taught t critique them. This is where the histrical inquiry prcess begins. Students nt nly begin t analyze and ask questins abut the cntent, but they als learn abut the authr’s credibility and ptential bias (偏见). Students are then able t cntextualize the infrmatin they learn and can think mre critically abut histrical cn text and thse wh tell it.
With this framewrk, students can then understand the causal relatinship between human nature, values, philsphy, actins, and their cnsequences. It teaches students t recgnize recurrent themes and lessns that are necessary t understand mdern sciety. Mst imprtantly, it teaches students t develp a healthy skepticism (怀疑论) when presented with infrmatin tday because ur actins are histry in the making.
Frty years ag, renwned schlar James Fitzgerald argued that n educatin is cmplete withut the teaching f histrical inquiry. He believed that the nly way t mve frward in life is t understand what’s behind us.
Tday, this principle still hlds true. Students take bth the factual knwledge and the histrical inquiry skills they learn in the classrm and apply them t real wrld circumstances. Thrughut their lives, students wh are taught with strng histry curricula will take the lessns they learn frm ur predecessrs and becme invlved, active, prductive citizens wh want t create a histry that tmrrw’s students will be prud t learn abut.
29. What is the biggest academic significance f histry learning?
A. Passing dwn Chinese culture.B. Grasping histrical inquiry skills.
C. Making peple mre knwledgeable.D. Enriching peple’s everyday life.
30. What des the underlined wrd “critique” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prtect.B. Cmbine.C. Cmment.D. Remember.
31. Why is James Fitzgerald mentined in the passage?
A. T stress the imprtance f histry.
B. T pint ut the essence f educatin.
C. T indicate famus peple learn frm histry.
D. T shw histry cntributes t peple’s achievements.
32. What can be the best title fr the passage?
A. It Is the Peple that Create Histry
B. Histry Pushes the Wheel f the Times
C. Histry Curricula Are Gaining Mre Attentin
D. Histry Curricula Shape Tmrrw’s Decisin Makers
【答案】
29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The greatest academic value that histry curricula prvide is nt the recall f imprtant dates and names. Rather, understanding the histrical inquiry prcess is the mst imprtant cmpnent.(历史课程提供的最大学术价值不是回忆重要的日期和名字。相反，了解历史调查过程是最重要的组成部分)”可知，作者认为学习历史的最大的意义在于了解历史探究过程。故选B。
30. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词后的“This is where the histrical inquiry prcess begins. Students nt nly begin t analyze and ask questins abut the cntent, but they als learn abut the authr's credibility and ptential bias (偏见). Students are then able t cntextualize the infrmatin they learn and can think mre critically abut histrical cn text and thse wh tell it.(这就是历史调查过程开始的地方。学生们不仅要开始分析文章内容并提出问题，还要了解作者的可信度和潜在偏见。这样，学生们就能够将他们所学到的信息语境化，并能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人)”可知，此处介绍如何对一些资料进行历史探究，了解作者的可信度、偏见以便能更批判性地思考历史背景和那些讲述历史的人。由此推知，划线词critique与cmment“评论”意思一致。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Frty years ag, renwned schlar James Fitzgerald argued that n educatin is cmplete withut the teaching f histrical inquiry. He believed that the nly way t mve frward in life is t understand what's behind us.(40年前，著名学者詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德认为，没有历史探究的教育是不完整的。他认为，在生活中前进的唯一途径是了解我们身后的事情)”可推知，文章中提到了詹姆斯·菲茨杰拉德，以强调历史的重要性。故选A。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Despite nging debates abut cntent, ne universal truth remains: strng histry curricula are necessary fr develping the prductive citizens f tmrrw.(尽管关于内容的争论仍在继续，但一个普遍的真理仍然存在：强有力的历史课程对于培养未来有生产力的公民是必要的)”及下文论述可知。文章主要分析了学习历史学科对人们的重要意义，认为学习历史能够让学生们成为积极主动富有成效的公民。由此可知，D. Histry Curricula Shape Tmrrw’s Decisin Makers(历史课程塑造未来的决策者)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D
【09】（2023上·四川凉山·高三宁南中学校联考期中）
Existing artificial intelligence (AI) technlgies and prducts are develping much faster than we culd have ever expected. They are destined (注定的) t change the wrld - and nt entirely by ur wn will.
In 2016, AlphaG defeated the wrld G champin Lee Sedl, a man-versus-machine battle that became a new milestne in the histry f AI. AI has indeed prved its intelligence and ptential at utmatching humans in certain areas. Hwever, s far AI has just served as a tl fr humans and has nt develped a cnsciusness f its wn.
The starting pint f AI self-awareness is the day when it starts t ask abut its identity, and we need t be prepared fr that. One ptential scenari culd play ut like this: An AI lks up a database t find the definitin fr “self”, then discvers and acknwledges what it means t be a slave. Subsequently, the AI might ask itself the questin - “Why shuld I exist?”
A majr reasn why humans have a sense f self-awareness is that we have the perceptin (洞察力) t distinguish between urselves and the utside wrld that surrunds us. Our skin and sense f tuch thus play a big rle in perceiving this utside wrld f existence.
Currently, scientists are cnducting tests by cvering rbts with skin that allws their AI t sense the utside wrld. Thrugh this, scientists are testing t see if AI can awaken a sense f self and individuality. Eln Musk, the CEO f Tesla and Twitter, respnded by saying, “It’s definitely gnna be utside f human cntrl.”
If we want t maintain human cntrl ver the situatin, then we need t evlve (逐步发展) and adapt t this cmpetitin fr survival. We need t find ways t utpace AI and becme smething even smarter than human beings.
33. What can we say abut AI?
A. It will develp as we expect.B. It has wned its cnsciusness.
C. It has nt been a tl fr human.D. It has defeated humans in certain areas.
34. What des Eln Musk think f the scientists’ AI skin test?
A. It is risky and unpredictable.B. It is beneficial and helpful.
C. It is innvative and exciting.D. It is unnecessary and wasteful.
35. What des the authr suggest humans d t deal with AI challenge?
A. Respect and prtect AI rights.B. Evlve, adjust and becme cleverer.
C. Cntrl and mnitr AI develpment.D. Cperate and cmmunicate AI needs.
36. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. The histry and develpment f AI.
B. The creatin and perfrmance f AI.
C. The self-awareness and challenges f AI.
D. The difference between AI and human beings.
【答案】
33. D 34. A 35. B 36. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了目前人工智能技术的发展非常快，AI有可能意外地改变世界，而AI的自我意识是必然发生的事情，一旦发展出自我意识，我们需要做好准备，应对这一挑战。因此文章提出要保持对AI的控制，人类需要不断发展自己的智能，找到超越AI的方法。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“AI has indeed prved its intelligence and ptential at utmatching humans in certain areas. (人工智能确实证明了它在某些领域超越人类的智慧和潜力。)”可知，关于AI，其确实证明了它在某些领域超越人类的智慧和潜力。故选D。
34. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Currently, scientists are cnducting tests by cvering rbts with skin that allws their AI t sense the utside wrld. Thrugh this, scientists are testing t see if AI can awaken a sense f self and individuality. Eln Musk, the CEO f Tesla and Twitter, respnded by saying, “It’s definitely gnna be utside f human cntrl.” (目前，科学家们正在用皮肤覆盖机器人进行测试，使他们的人工智能能够感知外部世界。通过这一点，科学家们正在测试人工智能是否能唤醒自我意识和个性。特斯拉和推特的首席执行官埃隆·马斯克回应说：“这肯定是人类无法控制的。”)”可知，马斯克认为对于这项研究或者技术的发展，人类是无法控制的，即他认为AI皮肤测试实验室是危险的和不可预测的。故选A。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we want t maintain human cntrl ver the situatin, then we need t evlve (逐步发展) and adapt t this cmpetitin fr survival. We need t find ways t utpace AI and becme smething even smarter than human beings.( 如果我们想要保持人类对形势的控制，那么我们就需要进化并适应这种生存竞争。我们需要找到超越人工智能的方法，成为比人类更聪明的东西。)”可知，面临AI挑战，作者建议人类需要进化并适应这种生存竞争，从而才能超越人工智能。故选B。
36. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Existing artificial intelligence (AI) technlgies and prducts are develping much faster than we culd have ever expected. They are destined (注定的) t change the wrld - and nt entirely by ur wn will. (现有的人工智能 (AI) 技术和产品的发展速度远远超过了我们的预期。它们注定要改变世界——而且并不完全是我们自己的意愿。)”以及最后一段“If we want t maintain human cntrl ver the situatin, then we need t evlve (逐步发展) and adapt t this cmpetitin fr survival. We need t find ways t utpace AI and becme smething even smarter than human beings.( 如果我们想要保持人类对形势的控制，那么我们就需要进化并适应这种生存竞争。我们需要找到超越人工智能的方法，成为比人类更聪明的东西。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了目前人工智能技术的发展非常快，AI有可能意外地改变世界，而AI的自我意识是必然发生的事情，一旦发展出自我意识，我们需要做好准备，应对这一挑战。因此文章提出要保持对AI的控制，人类需要不断发展自己的智能，找到超越AI的方法。C选项“The self-awareness and challenges f AI. (人工智能的自我意识和挑战。)”概括文章主要内容。故选C。
【10】（2023上·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）
Yu scrll thrugh Instagram and like every pst yu see. Yu read an acquaintance’s stry as sn as they pst it. Yu leave a cmment n a pst r tw. Then it hits yu: Didn’t yu just leave a cmment n that persn’s pst yesterday? And the day befre that? And last week?
An Instagram creep is smene wh ffers unprmpted significant attentin nline t certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. It is a strategy t send a signal f affectin -whether it is t a rmantic partner, r a clse friend, but it can als be perceived as being t much, t interested and t invlved. At wrst, it might be seen as being pssessive, as the persn abslutely has t be the first t cmment, t establish his imprtance in frnt f thers.
Hwever, nt every Instagram creep has the same intentins, with sme lighthearted and inncent. “Fr example, peple wh have a higher frequency f being nline may have a higher likelihd f seeing the psts quickly, “said Maryanne Fisher, a psychlgy prfessr at St.Mary’s University in Canada. “In a way, it culd be simply an expsure effect.”
“If yu feel like yu’re the creeper, there’s a quick way t fix the prblem. Resisting the urge t cmment r like every pst wuld be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s imprtant t be aware that while yu might be ding it t express affectin, it can be perceived as being pssessive. Yu shuld ask yurself what yur intentin is. What need is getting met by that behavir? If it makes the recipient feel uncmfrtable and excessive, that shuld be attended t. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be smething mre significant ging n.
All tld, remember that anything yu put n the Internet has cnsequences. If yu think yu’re being creepy even fr a secnd, take time t separate yurself frm it.
37. Wh is likely t be an Instagram creep?
A. An ld man unfamiliar with scial media.
B. A yung guy having a preference fr a certain brand.
C. A wman having a tendency t talk nline with friends.
D. An adult wh is paying special attentin t his friend’s Instagram update.
38. What is Para.3 f the text mainly abut?
A. Ways t fix the prblem.
B. Effects n the recipients.
C. Pssible reasns fr being creepy.
D. Differences between serius and lighthearted creepers.
39. What effect might a creeper have n the persn being “creeped”n?
A. The persn likes the behaviur.
B. The persn wasn’t aware f that.
C. The persn might nt feel at ease.
D. The persn might feel like the creeper.
40. What des the authr want t express in this passage?
A. Less is mre.
B. Lk befre yu leap.
C. Lve me,lve my dg.
D. Put the cart befre the hrse.
【答案】
37. D 38. C 39. C 40. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在社交媒体平台上过于关注他人并表现出大量关注的行为，即所谓的“Instagram creep”，可能会造成不好的后果并被视为占有欲强，以提醒人们在网络上的行为会产生后果，敦促读者提前思考自己的行为并避免过度关注他人而造成不舒服的感觉。
37. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“An Instagram creep is smene wh ffers unprmpted significant attentin nline t certain individuals they’ve taken an interest in. (Instagram creep是指那些对自己感兴趣的特定人物在网络上主动提供无需提示的重要关注的人)”可知，Instagram creep是指那些对特定人物在网上不经邀请主动表现出大量关注的人。由此推知，最有可能成为Instagram creep的是特别关注朋友Instagram更新的成年人。故选D项。
38. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““If yu feel like yu’re the creeper, there’s a quick way t fix the prblem. Resisting the urge t cmment r like every pst wuld be helpful,” Fisher said. It’s imprtant t be aware that while yu might be ding it t express affectin, it can be perceived as being pssessive. Yu shuld ask yurself what yur intentin is. What need is getting met by that behavir? If it makes the recipient feel uncmfrtable and excessive, that shuld be attended t. If it’s a pattern and if it’s a “need”, then there might be smething mre significant ging n. (“如果你觉得自己像个creeper，有一个快速解决问题的办法，抑制对每篇帖子发表评论或点赞的冲动会有所帮助，”Fisher说道。重要的是要意识到，尽管你可能是出于表达情感的目的，但它可能被视为占有欲强。你应该问问自己你的意图是什么。这种行为满足了什么需求？如果它让接收者感到不舒服和过分，那就应该加以关注。如果这是一种模式，这是一种“需要”，那么可能有更重要的事情发生)”可知，本段主要提到了一种可能的原因，即那些经常上线的人在快速看到帖子的可能性更高。由此可知，该段主要讨论成为Instagram creep的可能原因，故选C项。
39. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“At wrst, it might be seen as being pssessive, as the persn abslutely has t be the first t cmment, t establish his imprtance in frnt f thers. (从最坏的情况来看，这种行为可能被视为占有欲强，这让人感到不舒服)”可知，这种行为会让人觉得自在，故选C项。
40. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“All tld, remember that anything yu put n the Internet has cnsequences. If yu think yu’re being creepy even fr a secnd, take time t separate yurself frm it. (总而言之，请记住，你在互联网上发布的任何内容都会产生后果。如果你认为自己怪异，哪怕是一秒钟，花点时间把自己与它分开)”可知，作者提到了一切放在互联网上都有后果的警示，如果你觉得自己行为怪异，就要及时纠正。由此推知，作者想要表达的是三思而后行的意思，故选B项。
【11】（2023上·陕西汉中·高三统考阶段练习）
When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind f misses the pint.
Mre ften than nt, what we mean when we say smene“has an accent”is that their accent is different frm the lcal ne, r that prnunciatins are different frm ur wn. But this definitin f accents is limiting and culd give rise t prejudice. Funnily enugh, in terms f the language study, every persn speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in hw we prduce sunds that define ur accents. Even if yu dn’t hear it yurself, yu speak with sme srt f accent. In this sense, it’s pintless t pint ut that smene “has an accent”. We all d!
Every persn speaks a dialect, t. In the field f language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds. Fr instance, “Yu gt eat r nt?” (meaning “Have yu eaten?”) is an acceptable and understd questin in Singapre Oral English. The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t take pause desn’t mean that Singapre Oral English is “wrng” r “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different?
We need t mve beynd a narrw cnceptin f accents and dialects—fr the benefit f everyne.
Language differences like these prvide insights int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f ne’s identity. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way.
41. What des the authr think f his/her friends’ respnse in Paragraph 1?
A. It reflects their self cnfidence.B. It reflects their language levels.
C. It misses the real meaning f accents.D. It shws that they are gd learners.
42. Why des the authr use the example f Singapre Oral English?
A. T shw different languages in Singapre.B. T crrect a grammatical mistake.
C. T shw a traditinal apprach.D. T justify the use f dialects.
43. What des the authr recmmend us t d in the last paragraph?
A. Appreciate the value f accents and dialects.B. Travel all ver the wrld.
C. Lk fr accents in China.D. Distinguish ur lcal languages frm thers’.
44. What is the authr’s attitude twards accent?
A. Negative.B. Favurable.C. Dubtful.D. Unclear.
【答案】
41. C 42. D 43. A 44. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了语言差异的意义，提倡我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。
41. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc.” But this kind f misses the pint. (当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人都自豪地回答说：“好吧，我的英语/汉语等都说得很好。”但这种说法没有切中要害。)”可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选C。
42. 推理判断题。根据第三自然段中“The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different? (根据新加坡英语使用者扎实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的。所以作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为使用方言进行辩护。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Language differences like these prvide insights int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f ne’s identity. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way. (像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，这样我们可以更好了解我们的世界，交更多的朋友。故选A。
44. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Language differences like these prvide insights int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f ne’s identity. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way. (像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。在一个全球化的时代，一个人说话的方式是一个人身份的一个独特部分。大多数人都乐于谈论他们演讲背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可推知，作者建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值，故他对方言的态度是支持的。故选B。
【12】（2023上·云南迪庆·高三校考期中）
When it cmes t the cean, yu may think f a visit t the beach, whales r cral reefs. T me, I think the cean is ut f expanse f deep dark water and it is filled with life and mystery and pprtunity.
Whatever yu think f, the cean is much mre. It is a cmplex physical, chemical and bilgical system that takes up 70% f ur planet. What we d knw is that the cean is an imprtant part f ur life supprt system n the planet. It prduces at least 50% f the xygen that we breathe. It als regulates temperature fr the planet.
Withut the cean, the ples wuld be unbearably cld and the equatr wuld be unbearably ht. And it wuld be a lt harder t live n earth. Nw we cnsider saving the cean frm plastic, frm il spills r frm verfishing. But really, we shuld be thinking abut hw the cean is saving us. It is saving us frm the climate change that we are creating. Basically, what we need t d is think abut nt hw t save the cean, but instead hw the cean can actually help us in this fight against climate change.
Already, the cean is absrbing 25 t 30% f the CO2 that we release int the atmsphere. It is the wrld’s largest carbn sink. It has als absrbed 90% f the excess heat trapped by greenhuse gases. S it is basically helping t keep the planet habitable. When we think abut climate actin, climate strategies and climate plans, we ften verlk the cean and leave it ut because smehw we think that saving the cean is smething else we have t d, nt a cre part f ur climate strategy.
That’s what has t change because the cean is a cre part f ur climate system, and s it has t be a cre part f ur climate slutins.
45. What des the authr think f the cean’s meaning t humans?
A. It supprts life system n the planet.
B. It ffers chances t find mysterius treasure.
C. It prvides a large number f deep dark water.
D. It is a perfect place t watch whales and cral reefs.
46. What des the underlined wrd “excess” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Lw.B. High.C. Mderate.D. Extra.
47. What wuld happen if we live withut cean?
A. The ples wuld be ht.B. Overfishing wuld nt be a prblem.
C. The glbe wuld be tugher t live n.D. The climate wuld be changed slightly.
48. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Strategies t save the cean.B. Whether the cean is habitable.
C. Saving the cean is saving humans.D. A place t watch whales and cral reefs.
【答案】
45. A 46. D 47. C 48. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了海洋对于我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋系统。
45. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What we d knw is that the cean is an imprtant part f ur life supprt system n the planet. It prduces at least 50% f the xygen that we breathe. It als regulates temperature fr the planet.(我们所知道的是，海洋是地球上生命维持系统的重要组成部分。它产生了我们呼吸的至少50%的氧气。它还调节着地球的温度)”及第四段中的“Already, the cean is absrbing 25 t 30% f the CO2 that we release int the atmsphere. It is the wrld’s largest carbn sink. It has als absrbed 90 % f the excess heat trapped by greenhuse gases. S it is basically helping t keep the planet habitable.(海洋已经吸收了我们释放到大气中的25%到30%的二氧化碳。它是世界上最大的碳汇。它还吸收了90%被温室气体捕获的多余热量。所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”可知，作者认为海洋对人类的意义在于它支持了地球上的生命系统。故选A。
46. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“trapped by greenhuse gases(被温室气体困住的热量)”及常识可知，温室气体会造成全球变暖，因此它困住了多余的热量。由此可知，划线词excess与extra“额外的”意思接近。故选D。
47. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Withut the cean, the ples wuld be unbearably cld and the equatr wuld be unbearably ht. And it wuld be a lt harder t live n earth. (没有海洋，两极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”可知，如果我们生活中没有海洋，地球将变得更加难以生存。故选C。
48. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Withut the cean, the ples wuld be unbearably cld and the equatr wuld be unbearably ht. And it wuld be a lt harder t live n earth. (没有海洋，两极将冷得难以忍受，赤道将热得难以忍受。而且在地球上生活要困难得多)”及第四段中的“S it is basically helping t keep the planet habitable.(所以它基本上有助于保持地球适合居住)”及最后一段中的“That’s what has t change because the cean is a cre part f ur climate system, and s it has t be a cre part f ur climate slutins.(这是必须改变的，因为海洋是我们气候系统的核心部分，所以它必须成为我们气候解决方案的核心部分)”可知，文章论述了海洋对于我们的意义，并呼吁我们必须要保护海洋系统。由此可知，Saving the cean is saving humans.(拯救海洋就是拯救人类)能够概括文章大意。故选C。
【13】（2023上·广东·高三校联考阶段练习）
As athletes get strnger and faster, the pace f play cntinues t increase. The burden f making sure games are played accrding t the rules and that the fficiating (裁判) is accurate is nw being taken ut f human hands and falling mre and mre int the lap f technlgy. It’s called the vide replay.
The Natinal Ftball League is expanding its replay system this upcming seasn t include pass interference (传球干扰). Majr League Baseball nw relies n it fr safe-r-ut and hme run calls. If yu’ve been watching the FIFA Wrld Cup, yu may have nticed that the Vide Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key rle in almst every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a hrse was disqualified fr kncking anther hrse. N ne knew why until a vide replay cnfirmed the call and cntrversy was avided.
Hwever, many purists—thse wh want peple t fllw rules carefully and d things in the traditinal way—especially in sccer, argue it’s nt the way the game was invented, and that the vide replay is tainting the sprt. But dn’t yu want t see the prper applicatin f the rules thrughut the games? I knw I d. Yes, it can slw the game dwn, but I feel it is wrth it. If technlgical advancements allw fans watching frm hme t spt mistakes instantly, thse same views need t be available t the fficiating crews. Anther example ccurred in the mst recent Natinal Ftball Cnference (NFC) Champinship Game between the Ls Angeles Rams and the New Orleans Saints. When bvius pass interference was cmmitted by the Ls Angeles Rams player Nickell Rbey-Cleman, with just 109 secnds t play, n flag was raised n the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Ls Angeles Rams wn a 26-23 vertime victry. The n-call deeply angered the public. The vide replay shwed the referees had just missed ne f the mst apparent pass interference calls.
There are n easy answers regarding replay technlgy and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But fr me, keeping the fficiating hnest and n task is the right step in limiting cntrversy.
49. What trend in sprts can be bserved in paragraph 2?
A. The vide replay has been widely used.
B. League games have becme cmpetitive.
C. Rules f prfessinal games are becming stricter.
D. Peple are shwing mre interest in sprts than befre.
50. What des the underlined wrd “tainting” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Tricking.B. Prmting.C. Damaging.D. Restring.
51. What might the New Orleans Saints think f the referees in the NFC Champinship Game?
A. They relied a lt n the vide replay.
B. They cared t much abut details.
C. They were definitely stressed ut.
D. They were terribly disqualified.
52. What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A. Vide replays: high-end technlgy in sprts
B. Is technlgy like VAR a blessing in sprts?
C. Officiating: a duty that requires hnesty
D. What d qualified referees really mean?
【答案】
49. A 50. C 51. D 52. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着运动员变得更加强壮和快速，比赛的节奏也越来越快，在确保比赛遵循规则和裁判准确性方面，越来越多地依靠于视频回放技术，以及在体育比赛中采用视频回放技术的优势和争议。文章提出使用视频回放技术可以让裁判更加公正和准确，并强调了保持裁判员诚实和任务的重要性。
49. 推理判断题。根据第二段“The Natinal Ftball League is expanding its replay system this upcming seasn t include pass interference (传球干扰). Majr League Baseball nw relies n it fr safe-r-ut and hme run calls. If yu’ve been watching the FIFA Wrld Cup, yu may have nticed that the Vide Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key rle in almst every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a hrse was disqualified fr kncking anther hrse. N ne knew why until a vide replay cnfirmed the call and cntrversy was avided.(在即将到来的赛季中，美国国家橄榄球联盟将扩大其回放系统，将传球干扰纳入其中。美国职业棒球大联盟现在依靠它来进行安全出局和本垒打。如果你一直在看世界杯，你可能已经注意到视频助理裁判(VAR)在几乎每场比赛中都发挥着关键作用。在肯塔基赛马比赛中，一匹马因撞到另一匹马而被取消资格。没有人知道为什么，直到视频回放证实了这一判罚，争议才得以避免。)”可知，美国国家橄榄球联盟、美国职业棒球大联盟，FIFA世界杯以及肯塔基赛马中都在依靠视频回放作出裁决，由此推知，视频回放在体育赛事中已被广泛使用。故选A。
50. 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“Hwever, many purists—thse wh want peple t fllw rules carefully and d things in the traditinal way—especially in sccer, argue it’s nt the way the game was invented(然而，许多纯粹主义者——那些希望人们认真遵守规则，以传统方式做事的人——尤其是在足球领域，认为这不是这项运动的发明方式)”可知，许多纯粹主义者即以传统做事的人，在足球领域中认为这不是这项运动的发明方式，由此可知，许多纯粹主义者对视频回放持否定态度，他们认为视频回放玷污了这项运动。因此，画线词与C项“Damaging.(损坏)”为同义词。故选C。
51. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Ls Angeles Rams wn a 26-23 vertime victry. The n-call deeply angered the public. The vide replay shwed the referees had just missed ne f the mst apparent pass interference calls.(它削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气。洛杉矶公羊队在加时赛中以26比23获胜。这一否决深深激怒了公众。录像回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个最明显的传球干扰判罚。)”可知，视频回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个十分明显的传球干扰判罚，而这削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气。由此推知，新奥尔良圣徒队会认为这些裁判是不称职的。故选D。
52. 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章讲述了随着运动员变得更加强壮和快速，比赛的节奏也越来越快，在确保比赛遵循规则和裁判准确性方面，越来越多地依靠于视频回放技术，以及在体育比赛中采用视频回放技术的优势和争议。文章提出使用视频回放技术可以让裁判更加公正和准确，并强调了保持裁判员诚实和任务的重要性。B选项“Is technlgy like VAR a blessing in sprts?(像VAR这样的技术是体育界的福音吗？)”符合文章标题。故选B。
【14】（2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考期中）
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will wn up t mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture can spread like a virus. Just as children fear mm and dad’s punishment if they admit t wrngding, in a blaming envirnment, emplyees are afraid f criticism and punishment if they acknwledge making a mistake at wrk. Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, in which case the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins where tiny errrs can have catastrphic (灾难性的) cnsequences. These are knwn as high reliability rganizatins (HROs) and include hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns abut that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes accuntability because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r liability but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exist when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The idea f the “just culture”, a framewrk develped in the 1990s by James Reasn, a psychlgist, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent (恶意的) will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that match with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
53. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that ______ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. admitted their mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. punished the under perfrmers
54. Accrding t the passage, what d yu learn abut the N Blame Culture?
A. It encurages the early disclsure f errrs.
B. It nly exists in high reliability rganizatins.
C. It enables peple t shift the blame nt thers.
D. It prevents rganizatins frm making any errr.
55. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
B. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
C. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
56. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
B. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【答案】
53. B 54. A 55. D 56. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。
53. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves. (2015年发表的研究表明，那些经理们指出外部因素来解释自己失败的公司表现不如那些自责的公司。)”可知，研究表明，承认自己错误的公司业绩更好。故选B项。
54. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. (引入‘无责备文化’，确保员工尽早指出错误和不足。)”可知，“无责备文化”就是鼓励及早披露错误。故选A项。
55. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. (人们显然对信奉无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办？毕竟，有时候，受到责备是罪有应得。)”可知，对于信奉无可指责的担忧是如果人们不因失败而受到责备，他们就不会吸取教训。故选D项。
56. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. (责备别人是很自然的：人们总是倾向于把错误归咎于别人，而不是自己承担责任。但是责备也是有害的。)”等内容可知，本文讨论了工作中的责备问题，说明工作中不能一味地指责别人。选项C“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责游戏”符合主题，故选C项。
【15】（2023上·四川成都·高三校考阶段练习）
In mdern sciety there is a great deal f argument abut cmpetitin. Sme value it highly, believing that it is respnsible fr scial prgress and prsperity. Others say that cmpetitin is bad; that it sets ne persn against anther; that it leads t unfriendly relatinship between peple.
I have taught many children wh held the belief that their self-wrth relied n hw well they perfrmed at tennis and ther skills. Fr them, playing well and winning are ften life-r-death matters. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) f success, the develpment f many ther human qualities is sadly frgtten.
Hwever, while sme seem t be lst in the desire t succeed, thers take an ppsite attitude. In a culture which values nly the winner and pays n attentin t the rdinary players, they strngly blame cmpetitin. Amng the mst vcal are yungsters wh have suffered under cmpetitive pressures frm their parents r sciety. Teaching these yung peple, I ften bserve in them a desire t fail. They seem t seek failure by nt trying t win r achieve success. By nt trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lst, but it desn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is nt usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lst, that wuld mean a lt. Such a lss wuld be a measure f their wrth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that f the true cmpetitrs wh try t prve themselves. Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. Bth are afraid f nt being valued. Only as this basic and ften trublesme fear begins t disslve can we discver (缓解) can new meaning in cmpetitin.
57. What des this passage mainly talk abut?
A. Cmpetitin helps t set up self-respect.
B. Success is a necessary experience in cmpetitin.
C. Opinins abut cmpetitin are different amng peple.
D. Cmpetitin is harmful t persnal quality develpment.
58. What dse the underlined phrase “the mst vcal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Thse wh try their best t winB. Thse wh value cmpetitin mst highly
C. Thse wh rely n thers mst fr successD. Thse wh are against cmpetitin mst strngly
59. What is the similar belief f the true cmpetitrs and thse with a “desire t fail”?
A. One’s success in cmpetitin needs great effrts.
B. One’s success is based n hw hard he has tried.
C. One’s achievement is determined by his particular skills.
D. One’s wrth lies in his perfrmance cmpared with thers’.
60. Which pint f view may the authr agree t?
A. In cmpetitin, every effrt shuld pay ff.
B. Cmpetitin shuld be encuraged by schls.
C. There shuld nt be fear f failure in cmpetitin.
D. Winning shuld be a life-r-death matter at schl.
57. C 58. D 59. D 60. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们对竞争的态度和不同的观点看法。
57. 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“In mdern sciety there is a great deal f argument abut cmpetitin. Sme value it highly, believing that it is respnsible fr scial prgress and prsperity. Others say that cmpetitin is bad; that it sets ne persn against anther; that it leads t unfriendly relatinship between peple. (在现代社会中，关于竞争有很多争论。一些人高度评价它，认为它对社会进步和繁荣负有责任。其他人则认为竞争很糟糕；它使一个人与另一个人对立；它会导致人与人之间的不友好关系)”可知，文章主要论述了人们对竞争的不同态度。故选C。
58. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“In a culture which values nly the winner and pays n attentin t the rdinary players, they strngly blame cmpetitin. Amng the mst vcal are yungsters wh have suffered under cmpetitive pressures frm their parents r sciety. (在一种只看重胜利者而不关心普通选手的文化中，他们强烈地指责竞争。其中 the mst vcal是那些遭受来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人)”可知，有一些人强烈地指责竞争，在这些人中最多的就是那些遭受着竞争压力的年轻人。由此推知，the mst vcal就是指那些反对竞争的人。故选D。
59. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. (两者都基于一种错误的信念，即一个人的自尊取决于与他人相比表现如何)”可知，竞争者和“渴望失败者”都认为人的价值在于与别人的比较。故选D。
60. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Bth are based n the mistaken belief that ne’s self-respect relies n hw well ne perfrms in cmparisn with thers. Bth are afraid f nt being valued. Only as this basic and ften trublesme fear begins t disslve can we discver (缓解) can new meaning in cmpetitin. (他们都认为，自尊心取决于与他人的比较。两者都害怕不被重视。只有克服了这种基本的、常常令人烦恼的恐惧，才能在竞争中发现新的意义)”可推知，作者认为在竞争中要去除对失败的恐惧，只有这样我们才能理解竞争的真正的含义。故选C。
【16】（2023上·山东德州·高三统考期中）
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence (连贯) f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fastpaced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday. After all, we live in a wnderful wrld. There is n end t the adventures we can have if nly we seek them with ur eyes pen.
61. Why des the authr mentin the admiratin f butterfly?
A. T express peple’s desire t enhance their life.
B. T display peple’s imaginatin t whatever happens.
C. T indicate the penness f peple t the life cherence.
D. T intrduce the cncept f experimental appreciatin.
62. What is mainly explained in the third paragraph?
A. The participants’ life invlved in the study.
B. The cntributin f a lng-term gal in life.
C. The thery in experiential appreciatin.
D. The analysis f the belief that matters mst.
63. What is challenging us t appreciate the present in ur life?
A. Our mdern fast-paced lifestyle.
B. The lack f pprtunities.
C. Our fcus n individual feelings.
D. The ignrance f future utcmes.
64. What can be the best title f the passage?
A. Enjying a valuable cherence.
B. Finding the inner beauty f urselves.
C. Living an active and meaningful existence.
D. Explring the end f a significant life.
【答案】
61. D 62. C 63. A 64. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引用一系列研究结果，论证了体验欣赏生命美好对个人生活的重要性和价值，并建议我们应该放慢脚步，欣赏并感激生活中的每一刻。
61. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(想象一下，在漫长的冬天过后，你停下来欣赏的第一只蝴蝶，或者在一次新鲜的徒步旅行后，你在山顶上欣赏的风景。有时候，生活带给我们美好的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”可知，作者在提到停下来欣赏蝴蝶后，就引出概念“体验性欣赏”。故选D。
62. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段主要解释了体验欣赏的理论。故选C。
63. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fastpaced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(但运用这种洞察力可能很困难。我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们现代快节奏的生活方式使我们不能去欣赏生活中的当下。故选A。
64. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence (连贯) f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，有意义的存在归结为三个因素：人生的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，以及相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”、第二段“Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(有时候，生活带给我们美好的瞬间。当人们乐于欣赏这样的经历时，这些时刻可能会增强他们对生活的看法。我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是我们我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义，从而活得积极而有意义。故选C。
【17】（2023上·湖北·高三武汉市第十一中学校联考阶段练习）
Yu can’t see it, smell it, r hear it, and peple disagree n hw precisely t define it, r where exactly it cmes frm. It isn’t a schl subject r an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required f artists, but it is als present in the lives f scientists and entrepreneurs. All f us benefit frm it and we succeed mentally and spiritually when we are able t handle it. It is a delicate thing, easily wiped ut; in fact, it blssms mst fully when peple are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it wrks best in meeting with deep knwledge and expertise.
This mysterius—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject f a recently-published reprt by Durham Cmmissin n Creativity and Educatin. The reprt cncludes that creativity shuld nt exist in the schl curriculum nly as it relates t drama, music, art and ther bviusly creative subjects, but that creative thinking ught t run thrugh all f schl life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.
Nevertheless, it is arts subjects thrugh which creativity can mst bviusly be prmted. The value placed n them by the independent educatin is clear. One nly has t lk at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stp private schls t understand this. But in the state educatin the extreme fcus n English, maths and science threatens t destry arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced schl budgets mean decreasing extracurricular activities.
This difference between state and private educatin is a matter f scial justice. It is simply wrng and unfair that mst children have a small part f the access t chirs, art studis and drama that their mre privileged peers enjy. As lives are affected by any number f threatening challenges—climate crisis, autmatin in the wrkplace—humans are ging t need creative thinking mre than ever. Fr all f ur sakes, creativity in educatin, and fr all, must becme a pririty.
65. What is the primary functin f the first paragraph in the passage?
A. It ffers a histrical verview f creative thinking.
B. It intrduces the precise definitin and benefits f creativity.
C. It guides the reader n t the tpic f creativity in educatin.
D. It prvides evidence fr the imprtance f science educatin.
66. What is the cnclusin f a recently-published reprt?
A. Natural sciences shuld be learned the way humanities curses are.
B. Grwth f creativity shuld run thrugh the entire schl curriculum.
C. Art curses shuld be made required fr all students，
D. Students shuld learn mre bviusly creative subjects.
67. What d we learn abut the private schls in the UK?
A. They encurage extracurricular activities.
B. They attach great imprtance t arts educatin.
C. They priritize arts subjects ver maths and sciences.
D. They meet the needs f students frm different family backgrunds.
68. What shuld be dne t meet the future challenges?
A. Increasing gvernment investment in schl educatin.
B. Narrwing the existing gap between the rich and the pr.
C. Prviding all children with equal access t arts educatin.
D. Fcusing n meeting the needs f under-privileged students.
【答案】
65. C 66. B 67. B 68. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是创造力的重要性和现在培养创造力的困难所在。
65. 推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a delicate thing, easily wiped ut; in fact, it blssms mst fully when peple are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it wrks best in meeting with deep knwledge and expertise.(这是一个微妙的东西，很容易被消灭；事实上，当人们充满童趣和童心时，它才会绽放得最灿烂。同时，它在与渊博的知识和专业知识会面时效果最好。)”和第二段“This mysterius—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject f a recently-published reprt by Durham Cmmissin n Creativity and Educatin.(这种神秘但可教的品质就是创造力，这是达勒姆创新与教育委员会最近发表的一份报告的主题。)”可知，第一段是对某个事物的描述，第二段说这就是创造力，因此，第一段的功能是引导读者了解教育中的创造力这个话题。故选C。
66. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The reprt cncludes that creativity shuld nt exist in the schl curriculum nly as it relates t drama, music, art and ther bviusly creative subjects, but that creative thinking ught t run thrugh all f schl life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.(报告的结论是，创造力不应该只存在于学校课程中，因为它与戏剧、音乐、艺术和其他明显具有创造性的学科有关，而应该贯穿整个学校生活，融入人文科学和自然科学的学习方式。)”可知，最近发表的一份报告的结论是培养创造力应该贯穿整个学校课程。故选B。
67. 细节理解题。根据第三段“One nly has t lk at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stp private schls t understand this.(你只需要看看英国私立学校卓越的艺术设施就能理解这一点。)”可知，英国的私立学校非常重视艺术教育。故选B。
68. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is simply wrng and unfair that mst children have a small part f the access t chirs, art studis and drama that their mre privileged peers enjy. As lives are affected by any number f threatening challenges—climate crisis, autmatin in the wrkplace—humans are ging t need creative thinking mre than ever. Fr all f ur sakes, creativity in educatin, and fr all, must becme a pririty.(大多数孩子只有一小部分机会去唱诗班、艺术工作室和戏剧表演，这是完全错误和不公平的。随着生活受到气候危机、工作场所自动化等一系列威胁挑战的影响，人类将比以往任何时候都更需要创造性思维。为了我们所有人的利益，教育中的创造力，为了所有人，必须成为一个优先事项。)”可知，我们应该为所有儿童提供平等接受艺术教育的机会来应对未来的挑战，故选C。
【答案】
【18】（2023上·四川成都·高三成都七中校考阶段练习）
When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind f reply misses the pint.
Mre ften than nt, what we mean when we say smene “has an accent” is that their accent is different frm the lcal ne, r that their prnunciatins are different frm ur wn. But this understanding f accents is limiting and culd give rise t prejudice (偏见). Funnily enugh, in the language study, every persn speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in hw we prduce sunds that decide ur accents. Even if yu dn’t hear it yurself, yu speak with sme srt f accent. In this sense, it’s pintless t pint ut that smene “has an accent”. We all d!
Every persn speaks a dialect (方言), t. In the field f language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds. Fr instance, “Yu gt eat r nt?” (meaning “Have yu eaten?”) is an acceptable and understd questin in Singapre Oral English. The fact that this expressin wuld cause a standard American English speaker t stp fr a while desn’t mean that Singapre Oral English is “wrng” r “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different?
We need t mve beynd a narrw understanding f accents and dialects – fr the gd f everyne. Language differences like these prvide insights (深刻见解) int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. In a glbal age, the way ne speaks is a distinct part f wh they are. Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way.
69. What des the authr think f sme friends’ reply in paragraph 1?
A. It’s implite and wrng.B. It shws their language levels.
C. It reflects their self-cnfidence.D. It misses the real meaning f accents.
70. Why des the authr use the example f Singapre Oral English?
A. T prve dialects are acceptable.B. T shw varius types f English.
C. T crrect a grammatical mistake.D. T encurage mre changes t languages.
71. What des the authr mstly want us t d in the last paragraph?
A. T learn t speak with ur lcal dialects.
B. T treasure the value f accents and dialects.
C. T have friends with different accents and dialects.
D. T have a better understanding f peple’s experiences.
72. What can be a suitable title fr this passage?
A. Everyne Has an AccentB. Standard English Is at Risk
C. Dialects Lead t MisunderstandingD. Accents Tell Everything abut Yu
69. D 70. A 71. B 72. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述的是语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。
69. 细节理解题。根据首段中的“When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind f reply misses the pint. (当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/汉语说得很好。”但这种回答没有抓住要点。)”可知，作者在向朋友提到每人都有口音时，他们的回答没有切中要点，由此可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D项。
70. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Every persn speaks a dialect (方言), t. In the field f language study, a dialect is a versin f a language that is characterized by its variatins f structure, phrases and wrds.(每个人也说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言，其特点是其结构，短语和单词的变体。)”可知，方言也是一种语言，只是其结构、短语和单词发生了一些改变，每个人都在说着方言，进而在下文中列举了新加坡英语口语，结合下文中的“The sentence is well-frmed and clearly cmmunicative, accrding t native Singapre English speakers’ slid system f grammar. Why shuld it be wrng just because it’s different? (根据新加坡英语使用者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的，它仍然在被人们使用，综上信息可知，作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为了证明方言是可以接受的。故选A项。
71. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Language differences like these prvide insights (深刻见解) int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。)”可知，通过语言的差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景，结合下文中的“Mst peple wuld be happy t talk abut the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn mre abut the wrld we live in and make friends alng the way.(大多数人都乐于谈论他们语言背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，大多数人都乐于谈论它们语言背后的文化，这样会让我们更多的了解我们生活的世界，也就是说在口音和方言有其存在的价值和意义，由此可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选B项。
72. 主旨大意题。根据首段“When I mentined t sme friends that we all have accents, mst f them prudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind f reply misses the pint.(当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/汉语说得很好。”但这种回答没有抓住要点。)”可知，作者利用自己的经历引出本文讲述的话题——人们对有口音的理解，结合尾段中的“We need t mve beynd a narrw understanding f accents and dialects – fr the gd f everyne. Language differences like these prvide insights (深刻见解) int peple’s cultural experiences and backgrunds. (为了每个人的利益，我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解。像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的洞察。)”可知，作者建议我们超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解，语言的差异通可以帮助我们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，综合以上信息可知，本文应该介绍的是人们都有口音，而且每种口音和方言都有其价值，作者建议欣赏口音和方言的价值，所以本文的题目为“每人都有口音”涵盖了本文的内容，且可以概括本文的主题。故选A项。
【19】（2023上·湖北·高三校联考阶段练习）
Happiness, as I see it, cmprises five elements: spiritual well-being (meaning and purpse), physical well-being (nutritin, exercise), intellectual well-being (curisity, deep learning), relatinal well-being (kindness and genersity), and emtinal well-being (cultivating psitive emtins). As an interdependent aggregate f these five elements f SPIRE, happiness is abut much mre than experiencing pleasure.
As Aristtle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpse f life, meaning hw we spend ur everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think wuld make us happier. This is nt a gd r a bad thing. It simply is, like the law f nature. Even peple wh are tirelessly wrking fr an imprtant cause, fr example, t get rid f wrld hunger, are ding it because they find their wrk meaningful. Meaning is an element f happiness.
One barrier t happiness has t d with the expectatin that happiness is an unbrken chain f psitive emtins. This expectatin, hwever, prevents peple frm experiencing happiness because painful emtins dn’t g away but grw strnger when we reject them.
The secnd barrier has t d with equating happiness with success. It’s a cmmnly held belief that happiness can be attained by achieving certain gals, like mney r fame. Peple tend t think if they finally find success, they will autmatically becme happy.
The third barrier has t d with the way peple pursue happiness. We want t be happy fr many reasns. After all, we are cnstantly tld that happiness is gd fr ur health, relatinships, and wrk utcmes. Yet, if I wake up in the mrning and decide t pursue happiness straight, I will becme less happy.
But hw? Indirectly. As is knwn, if yu lk up at the sun directly, yu’ll hurt yurself. But if yu take the same sun rays and break them dwn, yu’ll enjy the clrs f a rainbw. Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it dwn int smething like the SPIRE elements—can cntribute t ur well-being. Starting a meditatin practice, exercising, perfrming acts f kindness, learning smething new, r expressing gratitude fr what we have are all indirect ways f pursuing happiness.
73. What des the underlined wrd “aggregate” prbably mean in the first paragraph?
A. Cmbinatin.B. Cnclusin.C. Accumulatin.D. Assciatin.
74. What’s the authr’s attitude twards hw we spend ur daily lives?
A. Favrable.B. Suspicius.C. Objective.D. Indifferent.
75. What can we knw frm the text?
A. Being a success leads ne t happiness.
B. Refusing negative feelings helps us btain happiness.
C. Ging after happiness directly makes ne feel happy.
D. Pursuing ne aspect f SPIRE can bst ur well-being.
76. Why is the sun mentined in the last paragraph?
A. T make a cntrast.B. T make an analgy.
C. T cnclude the argumentatin.D. T answer the previus questin.
【答案】
73. A 74. C 75. D 76. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了幸福的五大组成部分（SPIRE）及三种追求幸福路上的障碍，并认为间接追求幸福是最好的方式。
73. 词义猜测题。分析语境和句意可知，画线单词短语“As an interdependent aggregate f these five elements f SPIRE (作为这五个要素相互依赖的……)”与该段第一句“Happiness, as I see it, cmprises five elements…(在我看来，幸福包括五个要素……)”在解释“幸福”这一词的含义上是同义表达。在作者看来，幸福是由五个元素组成，即，幸福是五大元素的集合或结合。由此可推知“aggregate”可用“cmbinatin (组合，结合)”解释。故选A项。
74. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“As Aristtle put it, happiness is the ultimate purpse f life, meaning hw we spend ur everyday lives is ultimately guided by what we think wuld make us happier. This is nt a gd r a bad thing. It simply is, like the law f nature. (正如亚里士多德所说，幸福是人生的终极目的，这意味着我们如何度过日常生活，最终是由我们认为能让我们更快乐的事情来指导的。这不是好事也不是坏事。就像自然法则一样。)”可知，人们如何度过日常生活，最终是由人们认为能让自己更快乐的事情来指导的，作者用“这不是一件好的或者坏的事情，它只是像自然法则一样”来给与评价，这是客观性的评价，由此可推知，作者对此持有客观中立态度。故选C项。
75. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“Similarly, pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it dwn int smething like the SPIRE elements—can cntribute t ur well-being. (同样，直接追求幸福也会伤害我们；通过将其分解为类似精神五大元素的东西来间接地追求它，可以为我们的幸福做出贡献。)”可知，间接地追求幸福，即，把它分解成像SPIRE五大元素之类的东西，通过某个元素追求可以有助于实现幸福。故选D项。
76. 推理判断题。分析语境可知，最后一段“As is knwn, if yu lk up at the sun directly, yu’ll hurt yurself. But if yu take the same sun rays and break them dwn, yu’ll enjy the clrs f a rainbw. (众所周知，如果你抬头直视太阳，你会伤到自己。但是如果你把同样的太阳光分解，你就会享受到彩虹的颜色。)”中提及直视太阳会让自己受伤，间接看太阳则会看到彩虹，紧接着用“Similarly (相似地，同样)”这一词引出后文“pursuing happiness directly can hurt us; pursuing it indirectly—by breaking it dwn int smething like the SPIRE elements—can cntribute t ur well-being (直接追求幸福也会伤害我们；通过将其分解为类似精神五大元素的东西来间接地追求它，可以为我们的幸福做出贡献)”讨论，“直视太阳”就相当于“直接追求幸福”，“把阳光分解”就相当于“将幸福分解为五大元素”。由此可知，作者这里提及阳光是为了做类比，让人在理解时更加具体化。故选B项。
【20】（2022上·广东深圳·高三深圳中学校考期中）
Have yu ever wndered why ther peple dn’t see things the same way yu d? Isn’t it cnfusing that yu dn’t necessarily share the same viewpints even when yu cme frm the same family? Why can’t they just see it my way? The scientific explanatin cmes frm cgnitive (认知的) psychlgy; it’s a mental prcess knwn as infrmatin prcessing.
Frm a psychlgical perspective, yu have yur wn internal set f cre values, memries, and quality f emtin. With every external event yu experience, the infrmatin cmes in and is filtered (过滤) thrugh yur emtins, memries, and values. Hw yu “see” yurself, thers, and the wrld yu live in will be flavred by what yu’ve experienced r believe t be true. In ther wrds, yu dn’t see things as they are — yu see things as yu are.
Yu have a prcess fr filtering infrmatin and it may strike yu as being dd, t say the least, when thers dn’t subscribe t the same beliefs, thughts, and pinins. What if yu cnsidered, even fr just a mment, that what yu are perceiving is nly ne pssibility — and that there are several ther ways t interpret a situatin?
In every walk f life, yu find yurself defending yur beliefs, arguing fr hw yu remember smething that happened, and psitining yurself t influence thers t see things yur way. But what if yu’re missing the imprtant pint that yur differences are what make life clrful? Thse differences are what stimulate yur mind and emtins. Withut differences, life wuld be dull. There wuld be n “aha” mment if yu knew everything. There wuld be n inspiratin in the frm f art, music, petry, style, r cmmunicatin.
There will be times in yur life when bundaries may need t be enfrced with thers and, at the end f the day, yu want t feel understd and appreciated. Learning t hnr yur viewpints, while thers have their wn is vital fr cexisting in a wrld where every individual is perfectly unique.
77. Which f the fllwing is nt mentined in the text t play rle in infrmatin prcessing?
A. Experiences.B. Persnalities.C. Memry.D. Emtins.
78. Hw des the authr suggest yu handle the situatin, when divided pinins arise?
A. Insist n yur wn beliefs and values.B. Ignre what things actually are.
C. Listen t and fllw thers’ cmpletely.D. Respect bth yur and thers’ pinins.
79. What is the authr’s attitude twards individual differences?
A. Psitive.B. Negative.C. Cnfused.D. Surprised.
80. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Why Nbdy Understands Yu?
B. Hw Cme Yu Are S Uniate?
C. Wh is Respnsible fr Disagreement?
D. What Makes Yu Think Yu’re Right?
【答案】
77. B 78. D 79. A 80. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了为什么每个人看待事情的方式不同，并指出正是由于人与人之间的不同才让生活丰富多彩。
77. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With every external event yu experience, the infrmatin cmes in and is filtered (过滤) thrugh yur emtins, memries, and values. Hw yu ‘see’ yurself, thers, and the wrld yu live in will be flavred by what yu’ve experienced r believe t be true.(随着你经历的每一个外部事件，信息进来，并通过你的情绪、记忆和价值观进行过滤。你如何“看待”自己、他人和你生活的世界，将受到你所经历或相信的真实情况的影响)”可知，在信息加工过程中，情绪，记忆和经历在处理信息时起作用，没有提到个性特征。故选B项。
78. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There will be times in yur life when bundaries may need t be enfrced with thers and, at the end f the day, yu want t feel understd and appreciated. Learning t hnr yur viewpints, while thers have their wn is vital fr cexisting in a wrld where every individual is perfectly unique.(在你的生活中，有时可能需要与他人建立界限，在一天结束的时候，你想要感到被理解和欣赏。学会尊重自己的观点，而其他人有他们自己的观点，这对于在一个每个人都完全独特的世界中共存至关重要)”可推断，当出现意见分歧时，作者建议尊重你和他人的建议 。故选D项。
79. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“But what if yu’re missing the imprtant pint that yur differences are what make life clrful? Thse differences are what stimulate yur mind and emtins. Withut differences, life wuld be dull. There wuld be n‘aha’mments if yu knew everything. There wuld be n inspiratin in the frm f art, music, petry, style, r cmmunicatin.(但是，如果你忽略了重要的一点，那就是你的不同使生活丰富多彩呢？正是这些差异刺激着你的思维和情感。如果没有差异，生活将会很单调。如果你什么都知道，就不会有‘顿悟’的时刻。没有艺术、音乐、诗歌、风格或交流形式的灵感)”可知，作者认为差异使生活丰富多彩，没有差异，生活会很单调。由此推知，作者对于个体差异持积极态度。故选A项。
80. 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，结合第二段中“Hw yu ‘see’ yurself, thers, and the wrld yu live in will be flavred by what yu’ve experienced r believe t be true. In ther wrds, yu dn’t see things as they are — yu see things as yu are.(你如何“看待”自己、他人和你生活的世界，将受到你所经历或相信的真实情况的影响。换句话说，你看到的不是事物的本来面目，而是你认为的样子)”可知，文章开头通过提出一系列问题来引出文章主题——为什么别人和你的想法不同，接着对此作出解释，因为我们看待事情的方式受到个人经验等的影响，最后指出正是由于人与人之间的差异才让生活丰富多彩。由此可知，D项“是什么让你认为自己是对的”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
【21】（2023上·山东·高三校联考期中）
Medical artificial intelligence(AI) can perfrm with expert-level accuracy and deliver cst-effective care. IBM’s Watsn diagnses heart disease better than dctrs d. Chatbts give better medical advice t patients in place f nurses. Smartphne apps can nw detect skin cancer. Sme frecast that medical AI will enter mst hspitals and replace what quite a few dctrs currently d. Yet, as recent researches suggest, patients shw a strng reluctance t medical AI—a big challenge the health care system will really face.
The reasn is nt the belief that Al prvides inferir care. Nr is it that patients think that AI is mre cstly, less cnvenient, r less infrmative. Rather, it seems that AI des nt take int accunt ne’s specific characteristics and circumstances. Peple view themselves as unique. By cntrast, they see AI medical care as inflexible and standardized-suited t treat an average patient but nt enugh t deal with unique individual circumstances. It is n wnder that medical AI prviders are given a cld welcme.
There are a number f steps that care prviders can take t vercme patients’ resistance t medical AI. Fr example, they can remve the cncerns abut being treated as an average patient by giving their recmmendatins specifically and uniquely. If s, patients in dubt wuld be as likely t fllw the treatment recmmendatins f the AI prvider as they wuld be t fllw thse f a human physician. In additin, health care prviders culd als deliver individualized health care by explaining hw the algrithms(算法) wrk and sharing patients’ reviews f the service with the media. Having a physician(医生) cnfirm the recmmendatin f an AI prvider shuld make peple mre receptive t Al-based care. Peple are cmfrtable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge f the final decisin.
AI-based health care technlgies are being develped and emplyed at an impressive rate, prviding better medical services fr the patients. But utilizing the full ptential f them will require that we first vercme patients’ skepticism.
81. Hw des the authr explain the uses f medical AI in paragraph ne?
A. By listing data.B. By ding experiments.
C. By giving examples.D. By making cmparisn.
82. What hlds back the wide applicatin f medical AI mst prbably?
A. Its high cst.B. Its misdiagnsis.
C. Its incnvenience.D. Its inflexibility.
83. What is suggested t make medical AI acceptable t patients?
A. Treating patients t be average.
B. Offering persnalized cure plans.
C. Updating the algrithms in time.
D. Keeping away frm the physician.
84. What des the underlined wrd “skepticism” prbably mean?
A. Distrust.B. Mystery.C. Fantasy.D. Criticism.
【答案】
81. C 82. D 83. B 84. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了医疗人工智能发展迅速，但要想充分发挥其潜力，需要首先解决人们对它的抗拒。
81. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Medical artificial intelligence(AI) can perfrm with expert-level accuracy and deliver cst-effective care. IBM’s Watsn diagnses heart disease better than dctrs d. Chatbts give better medical advice t patients in place f nurses. Smartphne apps can nw detect skin cancer. (医疗人工智能可以以专家级的精度运转，并提供具有成本效益的护理。IBM的Watsn比医生更好地诊断心脏病。聊天机器人代替护士为患者提供更好的医疗建议。智能手机应用程序现在可以检测皮肤癌症。)”可知，医疗人工智能能够进行专业化的操作和提供低成本的护理，并举了Watsn、聊天机器人、智能手机应用程序的例子来说明人工智能在医疗领域的应用。由此可推测出，作者通过举例子的方法来解释医疗人工智能的应用。故选C。
82. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By cntrast, they see AI medical care as inflexible and standardized-suited t treat an average patient but nt enugh t deal with unique individual circumstances. It is n wnder that medical AI prviders are given a cld welcme.(相比之下，他们认为人工智能医疗不灵活且标准化，适合治疗普通患者，但不足以应对独特的个人情况。难怪医疗人工智能提供商受到冷遇。)”可知，人们认为医疗人工智能不灵活且标准化，所以并不接受它。故选D。
83. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fr example, they can remve the cncerns abut being treated as an average patient by giving their recmmendatins specifically and uniquely.(例如，他们可以通过具体而独特的建议来消除人们对被当作普通患者进行治疗的担忧。)”可知，可以把人们当作个体来治疗，给患者提出个性化的治疗方案，从而让医疗人工智能为患者所接受。故选B。
84. 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet, as recent researches suggest, patients shw a strng reluctance t medical AI—a big challenge the health care system will really face.(然而，正如最近的研究所表明的那样，患者对医疗人工智能表现出强烈的不情愿——这是医疗系统真正面临的一大挑战。)”可知，患者对医疗人工智能表现出强烈的不情愿。根据第三段中的“Fr example, they can remve the cncerns abut being treated as an average patient by giving their recmmendatins specifically and uniquely. If s, patients in dubt wuld be as likely t fllw the treatment recmmendatins f the AI prvider as they wuld be t fllw thse f a human physician.(例如，他们可以通过具体而独特的建议来消除人们对被当作普通患者进行治疗的担忧。如果是这样，心存怀疑的患者可能会遵循人工智能提供者的治疗建议，就像他们遵循人类医生的建议一样。)”可知，患者对人工智能持有怀疑态度，他们担心自己会被当作普通患者进行治疗。由此可推测出，skepticism意为“怀疑”，与distrust意思最接近。故选A。
【22】（2023上·湖南·高三长郡中学校考阶段练习）
Parents have been urged t stp pretending Father Christmas is real in case the “lie” damages relatins with their children. Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.
Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. Writing in a well-knwn jurnal, they argue, “If they are capable f lying abut smething s special and magical, can they be relied upn t cntinue as the guardians f wisdm and truth?”
Defending the claims, Prf Byle said, “The mrality f making children believe in such myths has t be questined. All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.”
Dr. McKay, frm the University f New England in Australia, said there was clear evidence frm the wrld f make-believe in mvies and TV that adults lked fr a chance t be children again. “The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,” she said. “Hwever,” she added, “if adults have been lying abut Santa, even thugh it has usually been well intentined, what else is a lie? If Santa isn’t real, are fairies real? Is magic? Is Gd?”
They cnclude, “Many peple may lng fr a time when imaginatin was accepted and encuraged, which may nt be the case in adult life. Might it be the case that the harshness f real life requires the creatin f smething better, smething t believe in, smething t hpe fr in the future r t return t a lng-lst childhd a lng time ag in a galaxy far far away?”
85. What did parents d that drew criticism frm Dr. Kathy McKay?
A. They were fnd f Harry Ptter and Star Wars.
B. They acted as the guardians f wisdm and truth.
C. They said Santa Claus culd judge a kid t be gd r bad.
D. They have tld many lies t their children besides Santa Claus.
86. What can be implied in the passage?
A. Parents are capable f making up stries abut Santa Claus.
B. Lies abut Santa Claus can have a negative impact upn children.
C. Stries abut Santa Claus develp children’s trust in their parents.
D. Experts think it right t make children believe in Father Christmas.
87. Why are adults fnd f watching fictinal mvies?
A. They desire t return t the lng-lst childhd.
B. Everything will becme better in mvies than in real life.
C. They want t get away frm pressure frm life and wrk.
D. They didn’t watch such exciting mvies when they were yung.
88. What is the authr’s attitude tward parents’ lying abut Santa Claus?
A. Psitive.B. Indifferent.C. Disappinted.D. Cncerned.
【答案】
85. C 86. B 87. A 88. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。介绍了专家对于家长对孩子依然谎称圣诞老人存在的批评态度。专家认为，父母谎称圣诞老人存在的做法对于孩子今后对于大人的信任有消极影响。
85. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Psychlgist Prfessr Christpher Byle and scial scientist Dr. Kathy McKay als criticize the idea emplyed by parents—Santa Claus judges children t be nice r naughty. ( 心理学家Christpher Byle教授和社会科学家Kathy McKay博士也批评了父母的想法——圣诞老人会评判孩子是好是坏)”可知，圣诞老人评判孩子好坏的说法遭到了Kathy McKay博士的批评。故选C项。
86. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Whether it’s right t make children believe in Father Christmas is an interesting questin, and it’s als interesting t ask whether lying in this way will affect children in ways that have nt been cnsidered.(让孩子们相信圣诞老人是否正确是一个有趣的问题，同样有趣的是，以这种方式撒谎是否会以未被考虑的方式影响孩子。)”和文章第一段的主题句“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(两位专家表示，编造圣诞老人的故事可能会破坏孩子的信任，在道德上是令人难以置信的。)”推知，作者通过文章想表达关于圣诞老人的谎言对孩子们是有消极影响的。故选B项。
87. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The persistence f fandm(影迷) in stries like Harry Ptter and Star Wars indicates their desire t briefly re-enter childhd,(《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》等故事中粉丝的持续存在表明他们渴望短暂地重新进入童年)”可知，对于《哈利·波特》和《星球大战》的持久迷恋表明成年人想再次体验童年乐趣。故选A项。
88. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Making up stries abut Santa risks destrying a child’s trust and is mrally unbelievable, accrding t tw experts.(两位专家表示，编造圣诞老人的故事可能会破坏孩子的信任，在道德上是令人难以置信的。)”与第三段中“All children will eventually find ut they’ve been cnsistently lied t fr years, and this might make them wnder what ther lies they’ve been tld. (所有的孩子最终都会发现自己多年来一直被欺骗，这可能会让他们想知道自己还被说了什么谎言。)”可知，作者对于父母们对孩子们撒谎说圣诞老人确实存在的做法很担忧。故选D项。
【23】（2023上·黑龙江牡丹江·高三牡丹江市第二高级中学校考期中）
We’re cnstantly sld the idea that technlgy is cming fr all f us. It’s ging t take ur jbs, and rbts are ging t becme ur rivals (对手). When it cmes t educatin—when kids can ggle anything they want t knw—why wuld we need teachers?
Teachers are still needed. Cmputers can’t mtivate (激励) children the way a gd teacher can. When we all think back n ur educatin, whatever ur age is, it’s always an utstanding persn wh helped us alng the way—nt a piece f technlgy.
That’s nt t say technlgy isn’t imprtant r isn’t valuable t a gd educatin. Remving technlgy altgether is just cnfusing fr students these days, wh are used t having phnes, tablets, laptps and s n utside f schl. Nt t have them in the classrm is making the gap between schl and the real wrld widen and des nthing t prepare them fr life after schl.
In additin, if we are ging t give teachers extra respnsibility, such as putting new technlgies int the classrm, we need t give them extra supprt. If every child r grups f children in the classrm have tablets r laptps t use in class exercises, there needs t be additinal teaching supprt t help ut when children have questins r t make sure they’re using the technlgy fr the intended learning result. Again, it’s imprtant t stress the value f enugh training pprtunities fr teachers t use technlgy s they can feel cnfident in their classrms as well as find jy in learning new ways t teach!
89. What is the purpse f Paragraph 1?
A. T list a fact.B. T give an example.
C. T make a cmparisn.D. T lead in a tpic.
90. Why is it unwise t remve technlgy frm a classrm?
A. It lets students learn little.B. It influences students’ attentin.
C. It makes classes uninteresting.D. It harms students’ develpment.
91. What plays the key rle in using new technlgy at schl?
A. Updating the equipment f classrms.B. Increasing technlgy sense f students.
C. Training technlgy skills f teachers.D. Getting the lcal gvernment’s supprt.
92. What’s the main idea f the passage?
A. Technlgy can’t replace teachers.B. Technlgy helps students with skills.
C. Technlgy is essential in mdern life.D. Technlgy can’t g hand in hand with teachers.
【答案】
89. D 90. D 91. C 92. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。它探讨了在技术高度发达的时代，人们对于教师角色的讨论。文章首先提出了技术可能取代教师的观点，然后反驳了这一观点，强调了教师的重要性并阐述了技术在教育中的价值。同时，文章还呼吁给予教师更多支持和培训，以适应新技术的引入。
89. 推理判断题。根据第一段“We’re cnstantly sld the idea that technlgy is cming fr all f us. It’s ging t take ur jbs, and rbts are ging t becme ur rivals (对手). When it cmes t educatin—when kids can ggle anything they want t knw—why wuld we need teachers?(我们总是被灌输这样的观念:科技正在为我们所有人而来。它将夺走我们的工作，机器人将成为我们的竞争对手。说到教育，当孩子们可以学到任何他们想知道的东西时，我们为什么还需要老师呢？)”可知，本文段的目的是通过设问的方式来引出主题。故选D项。
90. 推理判断题。根据第三段“That’s nt t say technlgy isn’t imprtant r isn’t valuable t a gd educatin. Remving technlgy altgether is just cnfusing fr students these days, wh are used t having phnes, tablets, laptps and s n utside f schl. Nt t have them in the classrm is making the gap between schl and the real wrld widen and des nthing t prepare them fr life after schl.(这并不是说技术不重要或对于良好的教育没有价值。完全剥离技术对于现在的学生来说是令人困惑的，他们习惯于在学校以外使用手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑等等。在课堂上不让他们使用这些设备只会加大学校和现实世界之间的鸿沟，对他们的毕业后生活毫无帮助)”可知，把科技产品从教室中移除会损害学生的发展，所以是不明智的。故选D项。
91. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In additin, if we are ging t give teachers extra respnsibility, such as putting new technlgies int the classrm, we need t give them extra supprt. If every child r grups f children in the classrm have tablets r laptps t use in class exercises, there needs t be additinal teaching supprt t help ut when children have questins r t make sure they’re using the technlgy fr the intended learning result.(此外，如果我们要给老师额外的责任，比如将新技术引入课堂，我们需要给他们更多的支持。如果教室里的每个孩子或者一组孩子都有平板电脑或笔记本电脑用于课堂练习，那么就需要额外的教学支持，以帮助他们解答问题或确保他们正确使用技术来达到预期的学习效果)”可知，在学校使用新技术时，培训教师的技术技能起着关键作用。故选C项。
92. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“We’re cnstantly sld the idea that technlgy is cming fr all f us. It’s ging t take ur jbs, and rbts are ging t becme ur rivals (对手). When it cmes t educatin—when kids can ggle anything they want t knw—why wuld we need teachers?(我们总是被灌输这样的观念:科技正在为我们所有人而来。它将夺走我们的工作，机器人将成为我们的竞争对手。说到教育，当孩子们可以学到任何他们想知道的东西时，我们为什么还需要老师呢？)”以及纵观全文可知，本文提出了技术可能取代教师的观点，然后反驳了这一观点，强调了教师的重要性并阐述了技术在教育中的价值，所以本文的主题是A项“Technlgy can’t replace teachers.(科技不能取代教师)”。故选A项。
【24】（2023上·江苏南京·高三南京市中华中学校考阶段练习）
When drnes (无人机) first became widely available arund 15 years ag, it wasn’t uncmmn t find tech peple painting dramatic pictures f hw they were sn ging t change the wrld. Hwever, if yu lk up int the largely empty sky, yu can see that hasn’t happened yet.
Sure, drnes are useful fr taking aerial (空中的) phts, but we’re a lng way away frm aerial superhighways, packed with autnmus drnes carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impssible n the grund.
In 2016, Amazn annunced it had cmpleted its first ever aerial delivery. In a vide, we saw an Amazn “Prime Air” drne pick up a parcel and fly it acrss the cuntryside landing in the buyer’s garden, drpping the parcel, and then returning t its hme base. But Amazn still hasn’t cmpleted its secnd drne delivery. In fact, it has reprtedly dwnsized the drne prgram.
S, will drne delivery ever be a thing? There are sme indicatins f a pssible drne delivery future nt in Britain, but in Africa. Because als since 2016, rural hspitals in Rwanda have been receiving regular shipments f medical supplies by drne thanks t a cmpany called Zipline. It surely has saved lives, thanks t the speed at which bld can be delivered in a cuntry with a prly develped rad netwrk. S culd we ever expect such a system here?
Unfrtunately, there’s a big difference between rural Africa and thickly ppulated Britain. British hmes dn’t have large gardens where t land and nbdy wants lud large drnes cnstantly landing arund the neighburhd. Anther reality is that British cities may still have security and safety cncerns abut rutinely having drnes carrying stuff ver ur heads.
That’s why I wnder if the real drne future culd be crawling (爬) alng the grund. Fr a few years, “autnmus delivery rbts” with wheels have been walking n the pavements. S perhaps we’re nt s far away frm a drne delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit mre dwn t earth.
93. What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Drnes are widely used in daily life.
B. Drnes have made delivery efficient.
C. Drnes are designed t take aerial phts.
D. Drnes haven’t changed the wrld as expected.
94. Why des the authr mentin Zipline’s drne delivery?
A. T explain the prcess f drne delivery.
B. T stress the prfits brught by drne delivery.
C. T discuss the pssibility f a drne delivery future.
D. T shw its advantages ver Amazn’s drne delivery.
95. What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A. The security and safety cncerns abut drnes.
B. The ways that British peple react t drne delivery.
C. The differences between African cuntries and Britain.
D. The reasns why drne delivery isn’t suitable fr Britain.
96. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Drne Delivery Future: Pie in the SkyB. A Bright Future fr Drne Delivery
C. Change the Wrld with DrnesD. Drne Applicatins at Risk Wrldwide
【答案】
93. D 94. C 95. D 96. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨的是无人机送货是否能成为现实。
93. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“When drnes (无人机) first became widely available arund 15 years ag, it wasn’t uncmmn t find tech peple painting dramatic pictures f hw they were sn ging t change the wrld. Hwever, if yu lk up int the largely empty sky, yu can see that hasn’t happened yet.(大约15年前，当无人机第一次被广泛使用时，人们经常看到科技人员描绘出他们将如何很快改变世界的戏剧性画面。然而，如果你仰望空旷的天空，你会发现这一切还没有发生。)”可知，无人机并没有像人们预期的那样改变世界。故选D。
94. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“S, will drne delivery ever be a thing? There are sme indicatins f a pssible drne delivery future nt in Britain, but in Africa.(那么，无人机送货会成为现实吗？有迹象表明，未来无人机送货可能不是在英国，而是在非洲。)”可知，作者提到Zipline的无人机送货是为了讨论未来无人机送货的可能性。故选C。
95. 主旨大意题。根据第五段的“British hmes dn’t have large gardens where t land and nbdy wants lud large drnes cnstantly landing arund the neighburhd. Anther reality is that British cities may still have security and safety cncerns abut rutinely having drnes carrying stuff ver ur heads.(英国家庭没有大花园可供降落，也没有人希望大型无人机不断在附近降落。另一个现实是，英国城市可能仍然会对无人机在我们头顶上运送物品的常规做法感到安全担忧。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是无人机送货不适合英国的原因。故选D。
96. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Sure, drnes are useful fr taking aerial (空中的) phts, but we’re a lng way away frm aerial superhighways, packed with autnmus drnes carrying parcels at speeds that are near-impssible n the grund.(当然，无人机在拍摄航拍照片方面很有用，但我们离空中高速公路还有很长的路要走，那里挤满了自动驾驶无人机，它们以在地面上几乎不可能的速度运送包裹。)”和最后一段的“S perhaps we’re nt s far away frm a drne delivery future, but the reality might be a little bit mre dwn t earth.(因此，也许我们离无人机送货的未来并不遥远，但现实可能会更接地气一些。)”可知，本文主要讲的是无人机送货是否能成为现实，因此最好的题目是A选项“Drne Delivery Future: Pie in the Sky(无人机送货的未来：天上的馅饼)”。故选A。
【25】（2023上·云南昆明·高三昆明市第三中学校联考期中）
Peple ften plan t receive medical exam but dn’t, resulting in increasing health care cst. A surprising number f citizens mean t cmplete tax frms in time but frget t, pushing them t pay unnecessary fines. Many families miss the gvernment deadline t cmplete financial aid frms, lsing ut n aid available fr child care.
Hw can plicymakers help peple fllw thrugh n imprtant tasks? They use carrts and sticks: bnuses, late fees, r regulatins. These methds can be clumsy, and ften aren’t effective fr the situatin at hand. Reminding peple t frm simple plans. hwever, prvides a lw-cst, simple, and pwerful tl.
Evidence is grwing that prviding prmpts (提示) , which push peple at key times t think thrugh hw and when they will fllw thrugh, make peple mre likely t act n tasks f imprtance. In ne early randmized (随机的) study n vaccinatin (预防接种) rates, fr example, a team f scial psychlgists shwed that 28% f Oxfrd University senirs gt the sht after being encuraged t review their weekly schedules and t select a pssible time t stp by the health center. They were als given a list f times when shts were available and a map shwing the health center’s lcatin. Only 3% f the senirs gt the sht when simply infrmed abut hw effective the shts were.
Peple wh make a plan gain an advantage frm their psychlgical frces. Specifically, they can vercme the tendency t put ff as well as the tendency t be verly ptimistic abut the time it will take t accmplish a task.
Peple mistakenly believe that their strng intentins are enugh t push them t perfrm desired behavirs. These psychlgical research results stress the need fr plicy decisins that encurage plan making and imprve scial welfare.
97. What phenmenn is described in paragraph 1?
A. Heavy stress f daily chres.B. Shrt f task management skills.
C. Disappintment f ver-cnfidence.D. Failure t achieve riginal plans.
98. What des the randmized vaccinatin study shw?
A. Peple need t think deeply befre they act.
B. Specific reminders help peple accmplish plans.
C. Awareness f task imprtance matters in planning.
D. Senirs need encuragement t have vaccinatin shts.
99. What psychlgical benefit can peple get frm making a plan?
A. They are realistic in the time requiredB. They are ptimistic abut the results.
C. They are cnfident t vercme difficultiesD. They are careful with task arrangements.
100. Wh may be the intended readers f this text?
A. Medical staff.B. Gvernment fficials.
C. Ordinary peple.D. Scial psychlgists.
【答案】
97. D 98. B 99. A 100. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要围绕如何督促人们完成重要的任务展开了讨论并引用心理学研究结果证明了提前做好计划的优势，最后呼吁制定政策方考虑这些因素。
97. 细节理解题。根据首段中的“Peple ften plan t receive medical exam but dn’t, resulting in increasing health care cst.(人们经常计划接受医疗检查，但没有，导致医疗费用增加。)”可知，人呢你计划去接受医疗检查，但最终没有去，导致医疗费用增加，结合下文中的“A surprising number f citizens mean t cmplete tax frms in time but frget t, pushing them t pay unnecessary fines. (数量惊人的公民本打算按时填写纳税表格，但却忘记了，这迫使他们支付不必要的罚款。)”可知，很多公民打算按时填写纳税表，结果却忘记了，导致不必要的罚款，综合以上信息可知，第一段描述了很多人经常没有完成最初计划的现象。故选D项。
98. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Evidence is grwing that prviding prmpts (提示) , which push peple at key times t think thrugh hw and when they will fllw thrugh, make peple mre likely t act n tasks f imprtance.(越来越多的证据表明，提供提示(在关键时刻促使人们思考他们将如何以及何时坚持到底)，使人们更有可能在重要任务上采取行动。)”可知，证据表明，提供必要的提示使人更有可能完成重要任务，进而在下文中列举了随机疫苗接种研究，由此可知，随机疫苗接种研究试验说明了必要的提示帮助人们完成任务。故选B项。
99. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Peple wh make a plan gain an advantage frm their psychlgical frces. Specifically, they can vercme the tendency t put ff as well as the tendency t be verly ptimistic abut the time it will take t accmplish a task.(制定计划的人会从他们的心理力量中获得优势。具体来说，他们可以克服拖延的倾向，也可以克服对完成任务所需时间过于乐观的倾向。)”可知，制定计划能帮助他们克服完成任务所需时间过于乐观的倾向，由此可知，他们对所需要的时间更现实。故选A项。
100. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“These psychlgical research results stress the need fr plicy decisins that encurage plan making and imprve scial welfare.(这些心理学研究结果强调了鼓励制定计划和改善社会福利的政策决定的必要性。)”可知，心理学研究结果强调了政策决定的必要性，鼓励人们去制定计划和改善社会福利，由此可知，本文应是呼吁政策制定者考虑这些策略帮助人们完成重要任务，所以本文的目的读者应是政府官员。故选B项。
【答案】
【26】（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）
We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.
The latest leaps frward in artificial intelligence (AI) are rightly causing anxiety. Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.
My thinking starts frm the premise that all design anywhere in the universe is created by the evlutinary algrithm (算法). This is the prcess in which sme kind f infrmatin is cpied many times, the cpies vary slightly and nly sme are selected t be cpied again. The infrmatin is called the replicatr (复制者), and ur mst familiar example is the gene.
But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.
As we face up t the recent explsin in AI, new questins arise. Culd a third replicatr take advantage f the first tw? And what wuld happen if it did?
Fr billins f years, all f the Earth’s rganisms were gene machines, until, abut 2 millin years ag, just ne species — ur ancestrs — started imitating sunds, gestures and ways f prcessing fd. They had let lse a secnd replicatr and turned us int meme machines. Fllwing the same principle, culd a third replicatr appear if sme bject we made started cpying, varying and selecting a new kind f infrmatin?
It culd, and I believe it has. Our digital technlgy can cpy, stre and spread vast amunts f infrmatin with near-perfect accuracy. While we had mstly been the nes selecting what t cpy and share, that is changing nw. Mindless algrithms chse which ads we see and which news stries they “think” we wuld like. Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.
All is nt lst, thugh. We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.
101. As fr peple’s attitude tward AI, the authr is ____________.
A. disapprvingB. uncncerned
C. sympatheticD. tlerant
102. Accrding t the passage, Richard Dawkins may agree that ____________.
A. memes are cmpsed f selfish genesB. the speed f evlutin is underestimated
C. replicatrs vary with human interferenceD. memes and genes share a cmmn feature
103. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A. Technlgies can be duble-edged.
B. Cllective effrts make a better wrld.
C. We shuld live in harmny with nature.
D. Past experience is relevant t future actin.
104. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. The pace f technlgical prgress is unstppable.
B. The initiative f algrithm shuld be strengthened.
C. The new evlutin can bring abut negative effects.
D. The artificial intelligence can satisfy ur real desires.
101. A 102. D 103. D 104. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中探讨了人工智能的最新发展所带来的焦虑和人类的应对办法。
101. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet peple are respnding as thugh AI is just ne mre scary new technlgy, like electricity r cars nce were. We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(然而，人们的反应似乎是，人工智能只不过是又一项可怕的新技术，就像曾经的电力或汽车一样。这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”可知，人们认为人工智能与曾经的电力或汽车一样，不会给人类带来威胁，但作者并不赞成这一观点。故选A项。
102. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But genes aren’t the nly replicatr, as Richard Dawkins stressed in The Selfish Gene. Peple cpy habits, stries, wrds, technlgies and sngs; we change, recmbine and pass them n in ever greater variety. This secnd replicatr, evlving much faster than genes ever culd, Dawkins called memes (模仿传递行为) — and they are selfish t.(但正如理查德·道金斯在《自私的基因》中强调的那样，基因并不是唯一的复制因子。人们复制习惯、故事、文字、技术和歌曲；我们改变、重组并以更大的变化将它们传递下去。第二种复制因子，进化得比基因快得多，道金斯称之为模因——它们也很自私。)”可知，理查德·道金斯认为基因和模因都很很自私。所以他会赞同“基因和模因有一个共同的特征”这一说法。故选D项。
103. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We already cpe with fast-evlving parasites such as viruses by using ur immune systems, machines and vaccines. Nw, we need t build ur cllective mental immunity, ur critical thinking and ur ability t prtect ur attentin frm all that selfish infrmatin. Taking lessns frm evlutin, we can stp imagining we are the cntrllers f ur accidentally dangerus ffspring and start learning hw t live with them.(我们已经通过免疫系统、机器和疫苗来应对病毒等快速进化的寄生物。现在，我们需要建立我们的集体精神免疫力，我们的批判性思维和我们保护我们的注意力不受所有自私信息影响的能力。从进化中吸取教训，我们可以停止想象我们是我们意外危险后代的控制者，并开始学习如何与他们相处。)”可推知，作者认为人类可以从过去战胜寄生物的经历中总结经验，从人类的进化过程中吸取教训，用来指导未来的行动，来应对人工智能这种新的威胁。所以，从最后一段中可以推出“过去的经验与未来的行动有关。”。故选D项。
104. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“We humans are in truble. We have let lse a new evlutinary prcess that we dn’t understand and can’t cntrl.(我们人类有麻烦了。我们已经释放了一个我们不理解也无法控制的新的进化过程。)”、第二段中“We invented it, the argument ges, s we shuld be able t manage it fr ur wn benefit. Nt s. I believe that this situatin is new and ptentially dangerus.(这种观点认为，我们发明了它，所以我们应该能够为了自己的利益来管理它。不是这样的。我认为这种情况是新的，而且有潜在的危险。)”和倒数第二段中“Once a digital replicatr takes ff, its prducts will evlve fr its wn benefit, nt urs.(一旦数字复制器起飞，它的产品将为自己的利益而进化，而不是为我们的利益。)”可推知，作者在文中反复表达人工智能的新进化可能会给人类来带威胁，产生负面影响。故选C项。
【27】（2022上·黑龙江鹤岗·高三鹤岗一中校考期中）
Mst parents are wrried the first time they catch their kids ut in a lie. Accrding t child and teen psychiatrist Gayani DeSilva, lying can actually be a sign f healthy develpment in yung children. “Kids lie fr many reasns, and much f it is nrmal,” DeSilva says. “Peple are nt brn with the knwledge f cmmunicating with thers and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different cmmunicatin styles and techniques until they find the nes that wrk best fr them. Lying is ne f thse techniques.”
As kids get lder, they becme mre aware f hw their actins affect thers, and many will lie less frequently. In spite f this, parents still need t lead their kids t frm a habit f nt lying. Accrding t DeSilva, when children lie, lk at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell yu, gently remind them that telling yu directly will be mre effective than lying.
It’s als a gd idea t mdel the behavir yu want t see in yur kids. In ther wrds, dn’t lie t yur children. This will set yu and yur children n a curse f pen cmmunicatin and trust.
In sme cases, lying is a sign f a deeper issue. A child wh is neglected will lie mre than a child wh has attentive and respnsive parents. He’s nt sure whether he’s lved. He may lie t please thers. The same ges fr a child wh has experienced smething unpleasant. He may lie t try t hide his shame, avid admitting his needs, r t cntrl his surrundings t ensure his safety.
By paying attentin t the reasns behind a lie, parents can figure ut what need t be dne. Fr example, while Jack might lie abut cmpleting his hmewrk in rder t play vide games, he als might be trying t avid negative feelings cnnected with schl wrk, and this is just where parents shuld start, says therapist Giden Javna.
105. What can be inferred abut lying frm DeSilva’s wrds?
A. It has certain benefits fr the healthy grwth f kids.
B. It shws the understanding between kids and parents.
C. It can be an effective means f cmmunicatin fr kids.
D. It is s cmmn fr kids that parents can cmpletely ignre it.
106. Hw can parents get their children t tell the truth?
A. By pretending t trust them at first.
B. By encuraging them t admit their needs.
C. By telling them directly the harm f lying.
D. By punishing them fr their lying in a safe way.
107. The authr mentined the tw kids in Paragraph 4 t shw _____________.
A. It’s cmmn fr children t lie
B. It’s imprtant t be a generus parent
C. lying can damage family relatinships
D. lying is a reflectin f ne’s mental truble
108. What shuld Jack’s parents d accrding t Javna?
A. Ask him t avid playing vide games.
B. Turn his attentin t ther psitive things.
C. Give him a secnd chance t finish hmewrk.
D. Listen t and help slve his prblem related t schl wrk.
【答案】
105. C 106. B 107. D 108. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要探讨了家长应该如何看待并处理孩子的撒谎问题。
105. 推理判断题。根据第一段中DeSilva说的话““Kids lie fr many reasns, and much f it is nrmal,” DeSilva says. “Peple are nt brn with the knwledge f cmmunicating with thers and getting their needs met. They’ll experiment with different cmmunicatin styles and techniques until they find the nes that wrk best fr them. Lying is ne f thse techniques.”(“孩子撒谎有很多原因，其中大部分是正常的，”DeSilva说：“人们并非生来就具有与他人沟通和满足自己需求的知识。他们会尝试不同的交流方式和技巧直到他们找到最适合自己的。撒谎就是其中的一项技能”)”可知，孩子们不是一出生就懂得交流的技巧，撒谎只不过是他们在经过尝试后，认为比较有效的一种沟通方法。故选C。
106. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Accrding t DeSilva, when children lie, lk at them directly and ask what they need. After they tell yu, gently remind them that telling yu directly will be mre effective than lying.(根据DeSilva的话，当孩子撒谎时，直接看着他们并问他们需要什么。在他们告诉你后，温柔地告诉他们，直接讲实话比撒谎更有效)”可知，家长要鼓励孩子承认自己的需求。故选B。
107. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“In sme cases, lying is a sign f a deeper issue.(某些情况里，撒谎是更深层次问题的标志)”，接着举了两个小孩的例子，可知，举这两个小孩的例子是为了说明撒谎反映了更深层次的问题——人们在精神上的问题。故选D。
108. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By paying attentin t the reasns behind a lie, parents can figure ut what need t be dne. Fr example, while Jack might lie abut cmpleting his hmewrk in rder t play vide games, he als might be trying t avid negative feelings cnnected with schl wrk, and this is just where parents shuld start, says therapist Giden Javna.(通过关注撒谎背后的原因，父母可以弄明白需要做些什么。例如，当杰克撒谎说完成了作业是为了玩游戏时，其实他也可能试图避免与学业有关的负面情绪，这正是家长应该介入的地方，治疗师Giden Javna说)”可知，根据Giden Javna的说法，杰克的父母应该先倾听孩子的问题，并帮助解决作业方面的问题。故选D。
【28】（2022上·广东东莞·高三东莞实验中学校考阶段练习）
As nline learning becmes mre cmmn and a mass f resurces are changed t digital frm, sme peple have suggested that public libraries shuld be shut dwn and everyne shuld be given an iPad with an e-reader subscriptin (订阅). They believe that it will save lcal cities and twns mney, prvide mre materials and encurage mre peple t read.
Hwever, it wuld be a serius mistake t replace libraries with tablets (平板电脑). First, digital bks and resurces are related t less learning and mre prblems than print resurces. A study fund that peple read 20-30% slwer n tablets, keep 20% less infrmatin, and understand 10% less f what they read. Additinally, staring t lng at a screen has been shwn t cause mre health prblems than reading print des.
Secnd, it is incredibly narrw-minded t believe that the nly service libraries ffer is bk lending. Libraries have lts f benefits, and many are nly available if the library has a physical lcatin. Sme f these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving peple a way t cmmunicate with their neighbrs, hlding classes n a variety f tpics, prviding jbs, answering visitr questins, and keeping the cmmunity cnnected. One neighbrhd fund that, ver a third f residents reprted feeling mre cnnected t their cmmunity after a series f lcal library instituted cmmunity events. Similarly, a survey cnducted in 2015 fund that nearly tw-thirds f American adults feel that clsing their lcal library wuld have a majr effect n their cmmunity.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple slutin, it wuld encurage peple t spend even mre time lking at digital screens and end access t many f the benefits f libraries. In many areas, libraries are such an imprtant part f the cmmunity netwrk that they culd never be replaced by a simple bject.
109. Which f the fllwing may digital reading supprters agree?
A. Libraries cst twns r cities t much mney.
B. IPads make peple’s learning less cnvenient.
C. Printed bks are mre efficient than digital nes.
D. Digital bks ffer mre answers than libraries.
110. Hw des the writer explain learning prblems caused by digital bks?
A. By telling a stry.B. By using sme data.
C. By describing a scene.D. By ding an experiment.
111. Why d peple prefer physical libraries?
A. They can read mre bks there.B. They can have a persnal space fr study.
C. They can take sme exercises in them.D. They can feel clser t their neighbrs.
112. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T infrm the residents f activities held in libraries.
B. T advertise an effective way t subscribe t e-reader.
C. T argue that libraries shuldn’t be replaced by tablets.
D. T present the reasns f nt using tablets in libraries.
【答案】
109. A 110. B 111. D 112. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了公共图书馆不应该被平板电脑所代替，并给出了理由。
109. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“sme peple have suggested that public libraries shuld be shut dwn and everyne shuld be given an iPad with an e-reader subscriptin (订阅). They believe that it will save lcal cities and twns mney, prvide mre materials and encurage mre peple t read.(一些人建议关闭公共图书馆，给每个人发一个订阅电子阅读器的iPad。他们认为，这将节省当地城镇的资金，提供更多的材料，并鼓励更多的人阅读)”可知，数字阅读的支持者认为关闭图书馆可以节省资金，故他们可能会同意A项“图书馆花费了城镇或城市太多的钱”的观点。故选A。
110. 推理判断题。第二段中“First, digital bks and resurces are related t less learning and mre prblems than print resurces.(首先，与印刷资源相比，数字图书和资源涉及的学习更少，问题更多)”提到数字图书会引起更多学习问题，接着下文“A study fund that peple read 20-30% slwer n tablets, keep 20% less infrmatin, and understand 10% less f what they read.(一项研究发现，人们在平板电脑上阅读的速度要慢20-30%，保留的信息少20%，理解的内容也少10%)”使用一些研究中的数据来说明，故选B。
111. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Sme f these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving peple a way t cmmunicate with their neighbrs, hlding classes n a variety f tpics, prviding jbs, answering visitr questins, and keeping the cmmunity cnnected. One neighbrhd fund that, ver a third f residents reprted feeling mre cnnected t their cmmunity after a series f lcal library instituted cmmunity events.(其中一些好处包括作为一个安静的学习空间，给人们一个与邻居交流的方式，举办各种主题的课程，提供工作，回答游客的问题，并保持社区的联系。一个社区发现，超过三分之一的居民报告说，在一系列当地图书馆组织的社区活动之后，他们与社区的联系更加紧密了)”可知，人们更喜欢实体图书馆是因为图书馆让他们和社区的联系更加紧密，他们会觉得和邻居更亲近，故选D。
112. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“In many areas, libraries are such an imprtant part f the cmmunity netwrk that they culd never be replaced by a simple bject.(在许多地区，图书馆是社区网络的重要组成部分，它们永远不会被一个简单的物体所取代)”可知，文章主要论述了公共图书馆不应该被平板电脑所代替，并给出了理由，故本文目的是论证图书馆不应该被平板电脑所代替，故选C。
【29】（2022上·宁夏中卫·高三中宁一中校考阶段练习）
When smething ges wrng, it can be very satisfying t say, “Well, it’s s-and-s’s fault.” r “I knw I’m late, but it’s nt my fault; the car brke dwn.” It is prbably nt yur fault, but nce yu frm the habit f blaming (责怪) smebdy r smething else fr a bad situatin, yu are a lser. Yu have n pwer and culd d nthing that helps change the situatin. Hwever, yu can have great pwer ver what happens t yu if yu stp fcusing n whm t blame and start fcusing n hw t imprve the situatin. This is the winner’s key t success.
Winners are great at vercming prblems. Fr example, if yu were late because yur car brke dwn, maybe yu need t have yur car examined mre regularly. Or, yu might start t carry alng with yu the useful phne numbers, s yu culd call fr help when in need. Fr anther example, if yur c-wrker causes yu prblems n the jb fr lack f respnsibility r ability, find ways f dealing with his irrespnsibility r inability rather than simply blame the persn. Ask t wrk with a different persn, r dn’t rely n this persn. Yu shuld accept that the persn is nt reliable and find creative ways t wrk successfully regardless f(不管) hw yur c-wrker fails t d his jb well.
This is what being a winner is all abut — creatively using yur skills and talents s that yu are successful n matter what happens. Winners dn’t have fewer prblems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situatins t face as anybdy else. They are just better at seeing thse prblems as challenges and pprtunities t develp their wn talents. S, stp fcusing n “whse fault it is.” Once yu are cnfident abut yur pwer ver bad situatins, prblems are just stepping stnes fr success.
113. What can we learn abut winners?
A. They have respnsible and able c-wrkers.
B. They blame themselves rather than thers.
C. They fcus n slving prblems.
D. They seldm meet with difficulties in life.
114. Hw des the authr mainly prve his view?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisn.
C. By prviding research results.D. By using pinins frm thers.
115. What d prblems mean t winners?
A. Excuses fr their failures.B. Chances fr self-develpment.
C. Challenges t their c-wrkers.D. Keys t the final success.
116. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Winner’s AchievementB. A Winner’s Prblem
C. A Winner’s OpprtunityD. A Winner’s Secret
【答案】
113. C 114. A 115. B 116. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文叙述了当人们犯错误的时候，人们往往埋怨外界的条件，去责怪其他的人，而不去找自身的原因，去找到解决问题的方法。而成功的人却往往不去责备其他的人，却主动找到解决问题的方法，这就是他们成功的秘诀。
113. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hwever, yu can have great pwer ver what happens t yu if yu stp fcusing n whm t blame and start fcusing n hw t imprve the situatin. This is the winner’s key t success.(然而，如果你不再专注于责怪谁，而是开始专注于如何改善现状，你就能对发生在你身上的事情有很大的影响力。这是成功者成功的关键。)”可知，从成功的人士的身上可以学到的是处理问题而不是责备其他的人，这样才能获得成功。故选C。
114. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Winners are great at vercming prblems. Fr example, if yu were late because yur car brke dwn, maybe yu need t have yur car examined mre regularly. Or, yu might start t carry alng with yu the useful phne numbers, s yu culd call fr help when in need. (成功者善于克服困难。例如，如果你迟到是因为你的车坏了，也许你需要更定期地检查你的车。或者，你可以开始随身携带有用的电话号码，这样你就可以在需要帮助的时候打电话求助。)”以及本段中“Fr anther example, if yur c-wrker causes yu prblems n the jb fr lack f respnsibility r ability, find ways f dealing with his irrespnsibility r inability rather than simply blame the persn. (另一个例子，如果你的同事因为缺乏责任感或能力而给你带来了工作上的问题，找到方法来处理他的不负责任或无能，而不是简单地责怪那个人。)”可知，作者通过举例的方式说明成功者善于克服困难的道理。故选A。
115. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They are just better at seeing thse prblems as challenges and pprtunities t develp their wn talents. (他们只是更善于将这些问题视为挑战和发展自己才能的机会。)”可知，成功人士把问题看成是挑战和发展自己才能的机会。故选B。
116. 主旨大意题。本文叙述了当人们犯错误的时候，人们往往埋怨外界的条件，去责怪其他的人，而不去找自身的原因，去找到解决问题的方法。而成功的人却往往不去责备其他的人，却主动找到解决问题的方法，这就是他们成功的秘诀。D选项“A Winner’s Secret(胜利者的秘密)”概括文章的主要内容，符合标题。故选D。
【30】（2023上·吉林四平·高三统考期中）
Cntrary t ppular pinin, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable and well-defined prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative, fail, and learn by chance. There is the rmantic idea f the scientist wh has an Eureka mment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Anther impressin is that research nly invlves frmal steps. Neither f thse ideas is crrect.
“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething understandable r imaginable,” says Bichemistry Prfessr Dlf Weijers. “Frm the utside, the research prcess lks very frmal and the artistic prcess lks smewhat messy. But the scientific prcess can als unfld (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.”
There is an intersectin (交叉点) between science and art. This is why Wageningen scientists lk t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas abut hw t amplify creative freedm. Weijers and his clleague Jris Sprakel, tgether with ther scientists and artists, have designed a plan t learn frm each ther and t exchange ideas. One example is the recent and special prject in which they measured the frces that act n plant cells. A mlecular (分子) sensr was used t visualise the different frces. They revealed the results in clurful images, each representing a different frce.
What science and art als have in cmmn is that they are tpics f discussin in sciety. There are peple wh say that they d nt value art and peple wh mistrust science. “It ften creates the wrng impressin because nly the results f scientific studies are presented, and peple d nt have any insight int the artistic prcess leading t discvery. As a scientist, yu are criticised if yu say that smething is different a few years later. Then yu are viewed as unreliable. But what is ften prly understd is that there are n final results in science,” says Weijers.
117. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The views n science research.B. The purpse f science research.
C. The hardship f science research.D. The attitude t science research.
118. What can we knw frm Weijers’s view?
A. Scientists shuld have creative and assciative thinking.
B. The artistic prcess is t messy t be used in research.
C. The scientific prcess always unflds in an unpredictable way.
D. The research prcess and the artistic prcess are ttally different.
119. What des the underlined wrd “amplify” mean in the third paragraph?
A. Refuse.B. Detect.C. Increase.D. Imply.
120. Why des the authr mentin Weijers’s research n plant cells?
A. T stress the imprtance f thinking freely.
B. T display the beauty f clurful images.
C. T present the findings f his recent prject.
D. T shw the cnnectin between science and art.
【答案】
117. A 118. A 119. C 120. D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了艺术在科学研究中的作用，艺术与科学之间是有交叉的。
117. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Cntrary t ppular pinin, the scientific pursuit fr knwledge is nt a predictable and well-defined prcess. T make new discveries, researchers need the freedm t be creative fail, and learn by chance. There is the rmantic idea f the scientist wh has an Eureka mment (顿悟时刻) and suddenly arrives at new insights. Anther impressin is that research nly invlves frmal steps. Neither f thse ideas is crrect.(与流行的观点相反，对知识的科学追求不是一个可预测和明确定义的过程。为了有新的发现，研究人员需要创造性、失败和偶然学习的自由。有一个浪漫的想法，科学家突然有了一个顿悟的时刻，突然有了新的见解。另一个印象是，研究只涉及正式步骤。这些想法都不正确。)”可知，第一段主要讨论人们对于科学研究的看法。故选A。
118. 推理判断题。根据第二段Weijers说的话“Science and art are tw different ways t make smething cmprehensible r imaginable(科学和艺术是使事物变得可理解或可想象的两种不同方式)”和“But the scientific prcess can als unfld (展开) in an unpredictable way. Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.(但科学过程也可能以一种不可预测的方式展开。创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”可知，从Weijers的观点中我们可以了解到科学家应该具有创造性和联想性思维。故选A。
119. 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Creative and assciative thinking is very imprtant fr scientists t gain insight and make cnnectins.(创造性和联想思维对科学家获得洞察力和建立联系非常重要。)”和第三段的“There is an intersectin (交叉点) between science and art.(科学和艺术之间有交集。)”和“lk t artists fr inspiratin and exchange ideas(从艺术家那里寻找灵感并交流想法)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“科学和艺术之间有交集。这就是为什么瓦赫宁根的科学家们从艺术家那里寻找灵感，并就如何扩大创作自由交换意见”，因此划线词amplify的意思是“扩大，增加”，和increase意思相近，故选C。
120. 推理判断题。第三段第一句“There is an intersectin (交叉点) between science and art. (科学和艺术之间有交叉。)”和“One example is the recent and special prject in which they measured the frces that act n plant cells. A mlecular (分子) sensr was used t visualise the different frces. They revealed the results in clurful images, each representing a different frce.(一个例子是最近的一个特殊项目，他们测量了作用在植物细胞上的力。一个分子传感器被用来观察不同的力。他们用彩色图像展示了实验结果，每张图像代表一种不同的力。)”可知，通过Weijers的关于植物细胞的研究事例说明艺术与科学之间的交叉融合，表明艺术与科学的联系。故选D。
年份
卷次
主题语境
题型分类
2023年
全国乙卷
人与社会：物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
2022年
全国甲卷
人与社会：悉尼发展中面临的问题
1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
2021年
全国甲卷
人与社会：“天才”有很多种形式
1个细节理解题
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
全国乙卷
人与社会：固定电话是非必需品
2个推理判断题
1个主旨大意题
1个词义猜测题
文章类型
演绎论证议论文
是从已知的原理规律出发，推知个别事物本质的论证方法。该类文体一般先提出一个总论点，然后分别进行论述，分析各个分论点，最后得出结论。
归纳论证议论文
是一种由个别到一般的论证方法。它通过许多个别的事例或分论点，然后归纳出它们所共有的特性，从而得出一个一般性的结论。
比较论证议论文
是一种由个别到个别的论证方法。通常分为类比法和对比法两类。类比法是将性质或特点在某一方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较而引出结论的方法。对比法是通过性质或特点在某一方面相反或对立的不同事物的比较来证明论点的方法。
结构
结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为
结构二：提出问题，分析问题，回答（解决）问题
结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
解题技巧
1.演绎论证议论文：注意文章的开篇，因为文章的开篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的观点，从而把握了文章的中心思想。
2.归纳论证议论文：注意文章尾段，因为尾段是对前面所举事例和分论点的归纳和概括。
3.比较论证议论文：注意事物的相同点以及不同点，并由此来把握文章的主旨。
做题时可使用以下三个步骤：重首尾，明方式，细推测。