专题32 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题（考情+导图+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题32 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题（考情+导图+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习，文件包含专题32培优小题狂练阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题考情+导图+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习原卷版docx、专题32培优小题狂练阅读理解七选五北京卷历年真题考情+导图+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共72页， 欢迎下载使用。
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【历年高考真题】
Test 1 (2023•北京卷)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. ____35____
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. ____38____ Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result？ Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】35. D36. F37. G38. B39. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
35.根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
36.根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
37.空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
38.根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
39.根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项C“Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.(高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素。)”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处。故选C。
Test 2 (2022•北京卷)
Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 35 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
36 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 37 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 38 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 39 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C. It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D. Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E. If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F. There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G. This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
【答案】35. G36. B37. D38. F39. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
35.根据空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的ther diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
36.根据空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
37.根据空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
38.根据空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
39.根据空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
Test 3 (2021•北京卷)
Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple. ____35____ The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued. Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes.
____36____Hwever, fr the same reasn, music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain, music, peple say, can lwer stress and anxiety levels. This, f curse, can lead t less pain.
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed. ____37____While the validity f the idea is still being assessed, the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure. Similarly, accrding t researchers, listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels, thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety.
When it cmes t heart health, there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music, but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health. In ne Eurpean study, participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure. ____38____ On the ther hand, when the music slwed, the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit.
____39____But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr, which is what makes music s valuable.
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems.
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud.
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep.
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly, the mre cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
【答案】35. F 36. B 37. D 38. G 39. E
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文, 主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
35.空格后说“The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的）, F选项It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits, 因此F选项切合题意, 故选F。
36.空格后说“Hwever, fr the same reasn, music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain”（然而, 出于同样的原因, 当一个人处于痛苦中时, 音乐是非常有益的）, Hwever表转折, 因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价, B选项Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud中的harmful就是负面评价, 因此B选项切合题意, 故选B。
37.空格前说“Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐）, D选项They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep中的sleep和ging t bed相呼应, 因此D选项切合题意, 故选D。
38.空格前说“In ne Eurpean study, participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中, 参与者听音乐, 研究人员监测他们的心率和血压）, G选项Interestingly, the mre cheerful the music was, the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应, 因此G选项切合题意, 故选G。
39.空格后说“But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr, which is what makes music s valuable”（但是, 开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益, 这就是音乐如此有价值的原因）, 因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处, E选项The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的, 因此E选项切合题意, 故选E。
Test 4 (2020•北京卷)
Many peple think that psitive thinking is mstly abut keeping ne's head in the sand and ignring daily prblems, trying t lk ptimistic. In reality it has mre t d with the way an individual talks t himself. Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself. 46 Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue. Peple wh regularly practise psitive thinking tend t slve prblems mre effectively. They are less expsed t stress caused by external factrs. They tend t believe in themselves and in what they d.
47 Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans (寿命), lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships. 48 Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer(缓冲作用)against depressin and anxiety. Resilient(适应性强的)peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress. 49
In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem.50
Thinking in a psitive, self-encuraging way brings abut many benefits t ne's physical and mental health.
A. It desn't cause any severe emtinal discmfrt, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-cnfidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps ne t remain clear-headed and cnfident in difficult situatins.
D. Psitive thinking has several beneficial effects n the bdy and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviur and habits change as well.
F. They ften ffer a real alternative t the cmmn and regular way f thinking.
G. They ften feel discuraged lng befre trying t slve the prblem, even if small.
【答案】46. B 47. D 48. C 49. G 50. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
46.根据上文“Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
47.根据后文“Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peple wh think psitively以及Psitive thinking可对应到D选项中Psitive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
48.根据后文“Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
49.根据上文“Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
50.根据上文“In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
Test 5 (2019•北京卷)
Much f the wrk in tday’s wrld is accmplished（完成）in teams. Mst peple believe the best way t build a great team is t gather a grup f the mst talented individuals. 46 Cmpanies spend millins hiring tp business peple. Is their mney well spent?
47 They fcused n ftball, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. Fr ftball and basketball, adding talented players t a team prves a gd methd, but nly up t the pint where 70% f the players are tp talent; abve that level, the team’s perfrmance begins t decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additinal individual talent keeps imprving the team’s perfrmance.
T explain this phenmenn, the researchers explred the degree t which a gd perfrmance by a team requires its members t crdinate（协调）their actins. 48 In baseball, the perfrmance f individual players is less dependent n teammates. They cnclude that when task interdependence is high, team perfrmance will suffer when there is t much talent, while individual talent will have psitive effects n team perfrmance when task interdependence is lwer. If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team’s perfrmance. Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, ＂There is n I in TEAM.＂ 49
Anther pssibility is that when there is a lt f talent n a team, sme players may make less effrt. Just as in a game f tug-f-war（拔河比赛）, whenever a persn is added, everyne else pulls the rpe with less frce.
50 . An A-team may require a balance—nt just A players, but a few generus B players as well.
A. It’s nt a simple matter t determine the nature f talent.
B. Sprts team wners spend millins f dllars attracting tp talent
C. The grup interactin and its effect drew the researchers’ attentin.
D. Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the rle f talent in the sprts wrld.
F. Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball frm ftball and basketball.
46．B 47．E 48．G 49．D 50．F
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
46．上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
47．下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
48．上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
49．上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
50．下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
Test 6 (2018•北京卷)
Why D We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes f anger are varius. Knwing these causes can make us examine ur behavir, and crrect bad habits. The main reasns we get angry are triggering（触发）events, persnality traits（特征）, and ur assessment f situatins. ___51___
Triggering events fr anger are s many that t describe them all wuld take hundreds f pages. Hwever, here are sme examples: being cut ff in traffic, a deadline appraching, experiencing physical pain, and much mre. _____52_____ The reasn why smene is triggered by smething and thers are nt is ften due t ne’s persnal histry and psychlgical traits.
Each persn, n matter wh they are, has psychlgical imbalances. Peple wh have persnality traits that cnnect with cmpetitiveness and lw upset tlerance are much mre likely t get angry. ____53____ Als, smetimes pre-anger des nt have t d with a lasting cnditin, but rather a temprary state befre a triggering event has ccurred.
___54___Smetimes even rutine ccurrences becme surces f pre-anger, r anger itself. Smetimes ignrance and negative (消极的) utlks n situatins can create anger.
___55___Hwever, anger can easily turn vilent, and it is best t knw the reasns fr anger t appear in rder t prevent its presence. With these main reasns in mind, we can evaluate ur level f anger thrughut the day and prevent cases f utbursts by cmprehending the reasns fr ur feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpint n situatins can create anger within us as well.
B. But sme types f situatins can help us t get rid f the ccurrence f anger.
C. Anger is rarely lked upn as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised t reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strng feeling and maybe peple think that they have reasns t feel angry.
E. Having these persnality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the backgrund f yur mind.
F. Understanding these reasns will cntrl ur wn anger if we are willing t evaluate urselves with a critical eye.
G. Nt everyne acts the same in respnse t events, and that is why what triggers ne persn may r may nt trigger anther.
【答案】51. F 52. G 53. E 54. A 55. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
【51.考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，persnality traits（特征），ur assessment f situatins，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
52.考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
53.考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these persnality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the backgrund f yur mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。
54.考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。
55.考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现
词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasns和G选项中的these reasns属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。
Test 7 (2017•北京卷)
Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. 72 We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing(加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Supprt is grwing fr a thery that sleep evlved s that cnnectins between neurns(神经元) in the brain can be weakened vernight, making rm fr fresh memries t frm the next day. 73
Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
If Tnni’s thery is right, it wuld explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin — ur brains may have smaller rm fr new experiences.
Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time even thugh the synapses becme thinner. The team discvered that sme synapses seem t be prtected and stayed the same size. 75 “Yu keep what matters,” Tnni says.
A. We shuld als try t sleep well the night befre.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant memries.
C. Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
D. The prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with memries.
E. That’s why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,” says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the idea.
G. Tnni’s team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
71．C 72．E 73．F 74．G 75．B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
71．根据前一句When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth.当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
72．前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
73．该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接．也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tnni的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"。故选F。
74．根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。
75．该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯．该空前面一句里出现了prtect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和imprtant呼应．也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
Test 8 (2016•北京卷)
The Science f Risk-Seeking
Smetimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is wrth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth taking. 46 Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us. Why? Experts say it may have t d with hw ur brains wrk?
The reasn why any f us take any risks al all might have t d with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, r explring. 47 As the quality f risk-taking was passed frm ne generatin t the next, humans ended up with a sense f adventure and a tlerance fr risk.
S why aren’t we all jumping ut f airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ag, t much risk-taking culd get ne killed. A few daring survived, thugh, alng with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans develped a range f character types that still exists tday. S maybe yu lve car racing, r maybe yu hate it. 48
N matter where yu are n the risk-seeking range, scientists say that yur willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years. 49 T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences. New experiences ften mean taking sme risks, s yur brain raises yur tlerance fr risk as well.
50 Fr the risk-seekers a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.
As experts cntinue t study the science f risk-seeking, we’ll cntinue t hit the muntains, the waves r the shallw end f the pl.
A．It all depends n yur character.
B．Thse are the risks yu shuld jump t take.
C．Being better at thse things meant a greater chance f survival.
D．Thus, these well-equipped peple survived because they were the fittest.
E．This is when yu start t mve away frm yur family and int the bigger wrld.
F．Hwever, we are nt all using the same reference standard t weigh risks and rewards.
G．New brain research suggests ur brains wrk differently when we face a nervus situatin.
46．F 47．C 48．A 49．E 50．G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关．
46．根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。
47．根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，r explring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。
48．根据前文S maybe yu lve car racing，r maybe yu hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。
49．根据前文scientists say that yur Willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
50．根据下文Fr the risk-seekers a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。
Test 9 (2015•北京卷)
This Way t Dreamland Daydreaming means peple think abut smething pleasant, especially when this makes them frget what they shuld be ding. Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them. They can seem frgetful and clumsy. 71 They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things.
But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry. 72 Can yu imagine what kind f wrld we wuld have withut such ideas and inventins? S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver tree rts r therwise lking like a fl? First, understand that sme pprtunities(机会) fr daydreaming are better than thers.
Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams. 73 And if yu want t imprve yur chances f having a creative idea while yu’re daydreaming, try t d it while yu are invlved in anther task—preferably smething simple, like taking a shwer r walking, r even making meaningless drawings.
It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncentrate. “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep. 74 Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away. 75 Always remember that yur best ideas might cme when yur head is actually in the cluds.
A．Having interesting things t think abut als helps.
B．They stare ff int space and wander by themselves.
C．Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes.
D．At ne time, daydreaming was thught t be a cause f sme mental illnesses.
E．It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive.
F．Daydreams are ften very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard t understand.
G．Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne.
71．B 72．C 73．E 74．A 75．G
【导语】本文属于说明文.本文介绍了白日做梦的概念，解释了为什么白日做梦者常常被认为粗神经，但也是某些创意和成就的背后推手。文章提出了一些有助于白日做梦的方法，以及如何避免在需要专注的时候白日做梦。最后强调，创意有时出其不意而又不可预测。
71．根据前文“ Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them. They can seem frgetful and clumsy. (白日梦者的坏名声是他们对周围发生的事情一无所知。他们看起来健忘、笨拙。)”可知，此处强调白日梦者因为对周围发生的一切一无所知，所以看起来健忘、笨拙。B选项“They stare ff int space and wander by themselves.(他们凝视着填空，独自踱步。)”与前文承接，指出白日梦者同样因为眼神放空，来回独自踱步而导致他们坏名声。同时该选项与后文“They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things. (他们惹恼了我们，因为他们似乎忽略了我们，错过了重要的事情。)”构成并列，都在讲述白日梦者的坏名声来源，B选项符合语境，故选B。
72．根据前文“But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry. (但是，人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。)”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，强调白日梦者们取得的巨大成绩即人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。后文应对此进行具体说明。C选项“Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes.(没有白日梦者们，我们就不会有相对论、可乐和便利贴。)”承接前文，指出人类历史中，白日梦者们做出的成绩，符合文意。故选C。
73．根据上句“Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams. (感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。)”可知，此处强调感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。后文应该解释为什么感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。E选项“It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive.(它包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注。)”选项中的it指代前句的动名词短语feeling safe and relaxed即缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注，由此会帮助你进入白日梦，符合语境。故选E。
74．根据前文“It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncentrate. “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep.(同样重要的是，知道如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦。“正念”，集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。)”可知，此处强调的是如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦，如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，集中注意力是一种方式。
考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦。A选项“Having interesting things t think abut als helps.( 有有趣的事情可以思考也有帮助。)”可知，思考感兴趣的事情也可以帮助避免不合时宜的白日梦。此处的als与前文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A。
75．根据前文“Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away(最后，你永远不知道当你的大脑慢慢移动时，会有什么绝妙的想法出现)”可知，此处强调你确定不了自己大脑在运转时会有怎样的想法出现，后文应该强调对此问题如何解决。G选项“Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne.( 因此，当你处于白日梦状态时，在身边放一个笔记本或录音机是个好主意。)”承接前文，指出应该带一个本子随时记，随时记录自己的想法。该选项符合语境。故选G。
【名校好题强化】
【01】（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）
Many f us set gals, but smetimes we fail t achieve them. There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals. 1 There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders. Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head. 2
Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach. 3 “The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.
4 Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it. We are mre likely t frget what we ffladed if we n lnger access ur strage, such as when ur smartphne dies. We als tend t fflad the imprtant things we mst want t remember. In a surprise test where their reminders were wiped clean, the participants were mre likely t frget the imprtant items and recall the unimprtant nes, that is, the mre imprtant the intentin we want t remember, the mre likely we are t fflad it—and t frget it.
We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them. 5 “If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said. “We can learn by nticing the times that we have frgtten t d smething and culd have used reminders t help.”
A．Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.
B．One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.
C．Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.
D．A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.
E．The prcess f cgnitive fflading helps us identify false infrmatin.
F．Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.
G．Other experts say it’s t sn t understand hw cgnitive fflading affects ur brains.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．F
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了认知卸载的好处和坏处，以及什么时候创建提醒。
1．根据前文“There are many causes why we dn’t manage t realize ur gals.(我们无法实现目标的原因有很多)”可知，此处是说明无法实现目标的原因，所以B项“One cmmn reasn is that we simply frget them.(一个常见的原因是我们只是忘记了它们)”符合主题，并引出下文“There is a way, thugh, t help address this prblem: set reminders.(不过，有一个方法可以帮助解决这个问题：设置提醒)”。故选B项。
2．根据前文“Peple emply a psychlgical strategy called cgnitive (认知的) fflading, where we use a physical actin t reduce demands n ur brain. Specifically, we may utsurce ur intentins frm being stred in ur brains t reminders utside ur head.(人们采用一种叫做认知卸载的心理策略，即我们用身体动作来减少对大脑的需求。具体来说，我们可能会把我们的意图从储存在大脑里外包给大脑外的提醒)”可知，此处讲述了设置提醒具体方法，所以D项“A gd example can be dcuments n ur smartphne calendars.(一个很好的例子就是我们智能手机日历上的文档)”是对此方法的具体举例，符合文意。故选D项。
3．根据前文“Understanding the benefits f cgnitive fflading can imprve ur ability t remember and fllw thrugh with ur intentins. The biggest benefit is simply that it imprves memry perfrmance. It increases the prbability that we will wrk twards the gals we need t reach.(了解认知卸载的好处可以提高我们的记忆能力和贯彻我们的意图的能力。最大的好处就是提高了记忆性能。它增加了我们朝着我们需要达到的目标努力的可能性)”可知，此处在讲述了解认知卸载的好处，根据后文““The mre we fflad unimprtant infrmatin, such as items n a shpping list, the mre we can use ur brain fr thse mre significant cgnitive tasks, such as creativity,” said Sam Gilbert, prfessr at the University Cllege Lndn.(伦敦大学学院的教授山姆•吉尔伯特说：“我们越不去想那些不重要的信息，比如购物清单上的东西，我们就越能把大脑用于那些更重要的认知任务，比如创造力。”)”是在讲述另一个好处，所以空处应是C项“Besides, it can free up ur limited cgnitive resurces.(此外，它可以释放我们有限的认知资源)”符合文意，描述另一个好处，引出下文。故选C项。
4．分析设空，位于段首，根据后文“Still, there are ptential negative parts fr it.(不过，它也有潜在的负面影响)”可知，空处应是承上启下的作用，由上文介绍好处，转到讲述缺点，所以A项“Cgnitive fflading has nticeable benefits.(认知卸载有明显的好处)”符合文意，承接上文，并和后文构成转折关系。故选A项。
5．根据前文“We’d better tend t create reminders when we think we need them, but nt necessarily when we d need them.(当我们认为我们需要提醒时，我们最好创建提醒，但不一定是在我们确实需要的时候)”以及后文““If ur understanding f ur memry ability is wrng, this suggests that we will either veruse r underuse reminders,” Gilbert said.(吉尔伯特说：“如果我们对记忆能力的理解是错误的，这表明我们要么过度使用提醒，要么使用不足。”)”可知，空处应是过渡句，所以F项“Our beliefs abut hw gd ur memry is directly influence whether we set them.(我们对自己记忆力好坏的看法直接影响到我们是否能记好)”是对前文的进一步说明，并引出下文。故选F项。
【02】（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）
All the feels
Yu can make yur picture bk memrable by cncentrating n emtinal cnnectin. This wrks acrss every principle f writing, regardless f age range r genre (文体), because it is universally recgnized. 6
The reasn why emtinal cnnectin wrks is that emtin is a fundamental human experience. 7 It als brings us tgether and reminds us that althugh we have differences, peple are fundamentally the same. By bringing emtin int yur stry, yu tap int that cnsciusness. The stry feels mre real t us. It is cnsistent with us, and as a result, we have a richer reading experience.
8 This is useful fr yur picture bk writing, such as chsing vcabulary t use r adpting a suitable linguistic style. Once yu knw the genre f a bk, yu can think abut the kind f emtinal strytelling a reader wuld expect frm this genre.
Fr example, if it’s a funny picture bk, yur reader is clearly expecting t laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure stry, yur reader will be expecting t feel excitement, anticipatin and prbably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming stry, yur reader expects t feel warm, cmfrted and verflwing with lve. 9
Anther reasn fr including emtin in yur picture bk is t really get yur reader inside yur character’s head. Firstly, it helps build n the yung reader’s emtinal develpment and understanding f self and thers. 10 As well as caring abut character, an emtin-filled picture bk therefre keeps us n ur tes.
If yu want yur stry t stand ut amngst ther stries, give yur reader smething t remember — a strng emtinal cnnectin.
A．Secndly, it creates interest in the character.
B．It helps us make sense f the wrld arund us.
C．An emtinal ending in a picture bk wrks well.
D．When we feel smething, we will have sharp minds.
E．This is bviusly nt a cmplete list, but it is a starting pint.
F．Here is why it wrks and hw yu can use it in yur picture bk writing.
G．Picture bks have many different genres and yur jb is t knw which genre yur stry sits in.
【答案】6．F 7．B 8．G 9．E 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了情感联系让绘本令人难忘的原因以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。
6．根据下文“The reasn why emtinal cnnectin wrks is that emtin is a fundamental human experience.(情感联系之所以有效，是因为情感是一种基本的人类体验。)”可知，空处总起全文，提出要解释情感联系在绘本中起作用的原因，F项的“Here is why”和下文的“The reasn why”对应。F项：Here is why it wrks and hw yu can use it in yur picture bk writing.(下面是为什么它会起作用，以及如何在你的绘本写作中使用它。)符合语境。故选F。
7．根据下文“It als brings us tgether and reminds us that althugh we have differences, peple are fundamentally the same.(它也让我们走到一起，提醒我们，虽然我们有差异，但人们从根本上是相同的。)”中的“als”可知，空处和下文一起说明在绘本中运用情感联系的好处。B项：It helps us make sense f the wrld arund us.(它帮助我们理解周围的世界。)符合语境。故选B。
8．根据下文“This is useful fr yur picture bk writing, such as chsing vcabulary t use r adpting a suitable linguistic style. Once yu knw the genre f a bk, yu can think abut the kind f emtinal strytelling a reader wuld expect frm this genre.(这对你的绘本写作很有用，比如选择要使用的词汇或采用合适的语言风格。一旦你知道了一本书的文体，你就可以考虑读者希望从这种文体中看到什么样的情感故事。)”可知，本段主要讲述要首先确定绘本的文体，G项中的“genre”是本段的关键词。G项：Picture bks have many different genres and yur jb is t knw which genre yur stry sits in.(绘本有许多不同的类型，你的工作就是知道你的故事属于哪一种类型。)符合语境。故选G。
9．根据上文“Fr example, if it’s a funny picture bk, yur reader is clearly expecting t laugh. Make sure they laugh. If it’s an adventure stry, yur reader will be expecting t feel excitement, anticipatin and prbably a little mild fear. If it’s a heartwarming stry, yur reader expects t feel warm, cmfrted and verflwing with lve.(例如，如果这是一本有趣的图画书，你的读者显然期待着笑。确保他们笑。如果这是一个冒险故事，你的读者会感到兴奋，期待，可能还有一点轻微的恐惧。如果这是一个暖心的故事，你的读者希望感受到温暖，安慰和充满爱。)”可知，上文列举了一些常见的情感类型，显然，这不是完整的清单。E项：This is bviusly nt a cmplete list, but it is a starting pint.(这显然不是一个完整的清单，但它是一个起点。)符合语境。故选E。
10．根据上文“Firstly, it helps build n the yung reader’s emtinal develpment and understanding f self and thers.(首先，它有助于建立年轻读者的情感发展和对自我和他人的理解。)”可知，A项中的“Secndly”与上文的“Firstly”对应，一起说明了在绘本中加入情感对于读者理解角色的好处。A项：Secndly, it creates interest in the character.(其次，它创造了角色的兴趣。)符合语境。故选A。
【03】（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）
Which is healthier: a bag f crisps r a vegetable salad? That is easy. Nw which is healthier: a pizza made frm scratch r ne made frm the same basic ingredients, with the same number f calries, pulled ut f a bx in the freezer? Many peple wuld instinctively(本能地) say the frmer, perhaps shwing a vague cncern with prcessed fd. Such fd can ften be delicius. And there is much t cheer abut calries being cheap and abundant. 11
What’s the distinctin between “ultra-prcessed fd(upf)” and “prcessed fd”? Almst everything peple cnsume is prcessed in sme frm. Rice is harvested; animals are butchered. Upf is usually described as “frmulatins f ingredients, made by a series f industrial prcesses, many requiring advanced equipment and technlgy”. 12 The ne in the freezer, with its extra, mdified ingredients, is upf.
Upf harms peple in ways bth knwn and unknwn. It seems t affect the trillins f bacteria that cntribute t health in a range f ways. Calrie-rich but usually nutrient-pr, upf cntributes t besity(肥胖症).
Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly fr pr peple. 13 Extra weight was nce a sign f wealth, but amng British and American wmen tday, besity rates are higher at lwer-incme levels.
14 Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in cmbinatin with ther chemicals r when cnsumed regularly. If we are what we eat, cnsidering the impact f upf is essential.
15 Peple wh live in s-called “fd swamps”, where upf is everywhere but real fd is harder t reach, culd spend large amunts f time and mney seeking ut fresh fd, but that is nt hw mst peple live. There is nthing wrng with the dd fast-fd trip, but anyne wh can affrd t eat less upf prbably shuld.
A．Envirnment matters, t.
B．It’s cheap t prduce and buy.
C．But that cheapness and abundance cme at a cst.
D．Even fds labeled “natural” r “rganic” can be prcessed.
E．A pizza made frm scratch cntains minimally prcessed fd.
F．Sme peple have a particular weakness fr salty ptat crisps.
G．The reasns why upf can be harmful are nt always clear, even t scientists.
【答案】11．C 12．E 13．B 14．G 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了要警惕超加工食品的危害。
11．前文“Many peple wuld instinctively(本能地) say the frmer, perhaps shwing a vague cncern with prcessed fd. Such fd can ften be delicius. And there is much t cheer abut calries being cheap and abundant.(许多人本能地会说前者更健康，也许是出于对加工食品的隐约担忧。加工食品往往很美味。而且含有让人欢呼雀跃的又多又便宜的卡路里。)”讲述了许多人对加工食品表示担忧，并先肯定了加工食品的优点，所以空处应讲述加油食品让人担忧的方面，C项“但那种多和便宜是要付出代价的。”与上文形成转折，且选项中的“cheapness and abundance”对应前句中的“cheap and abundant”。故选C。
12．后文“The ne in the freezer, with its extra, mdified ingredients, is upf.(冰箱里的披萨是超加工食品，里面含有额外的、经过改良的成分。)”中的The ne in the freezer与第一段中的“ne made frm the same basic ingredients, with the same number f calries, pulled ut f a bx in the freezer”对应，所以空处应是讲述从头开始制作的披萨的情况，E项“从零开始制作的披萨含有最低限度的加工食品。”符合题意，选项中的“A pizza made frm scratch”与第一段中的“a pizza made frm scratch”对应。故选E。
13．前文“Upf displaces healthier alternatives, particularly fr pr peple.(超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，对穷人来说尤其如此。)”讲述了穷人用超加工食品替代了更健康的食品，空处应承接上文，陈述这么做的原因，B项“它的生产和购买成本低廉。”符合题意。故选B。
14．后文“Additives that may be safe in small quantities may be harmful in cmbinatin with ther chemicals r when cnsumed regularly.(在少量使用时可能无害的添加剂，在与其他化学物质混合或经常摄入时可能会有害。)”讲述了有些添加剂在少量食用时无害，但在与其他化学成分混合或者经常使用时却有害，所以空处应是说超加工食品有害的原因并不总是很清晰。G项“超加工食品为何有害的原因并不总是清晰明了，甚至连科学家也不清楚。”符合题意。故选G。
15．后文“Peple wh live in s-called ‘fd swamps’, where upf is everywhere but real fd is harder t reach, culd spend large amunts f time and mney seeking ut fresh fd, but that is nt hw mst peple live.(生活在所谓的‘食物沼泽’中的人们，那里的超加工食品无处不在，但真正的健康食物却很难获得，人们可能要花费大量的时间和金钱去寻找新鲜食物，但这并不是大多数人的生活方式。)”讲述了有些人生活在超加工食品泛滥的环境中，他们很难获得健康的食物，由此可知，人们所处的环境对健康也很重要。A项“环境也很重要。”符合题意。故选A。
【04】（2023·全国·高三专题练习）
It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 16
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 17
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 18 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. 19 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
20 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A．Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B．Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C．Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D．Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E．Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F．They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G．In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
【答案】16．D 17．F 18．G 19．B 20．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
16．根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
17．根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
18．空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
19．根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
20．根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
【05】（2023·北京·首都师范大学附属中学校考模拟预测）
Children lve getting dirty. 21 But getting muddy culd have a pwerful effect n their wellbeing, t.
“Dn’t get dirty!” was nce a cnstant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spil their best clthes. Whether they were running thrugh farmers’ fields, climbing trees r catching tadples, it was inevitable that children’s whites wuld turn brwn befre the day was ver.
Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 22
What is gained in laundry bills may be lst in the child’s wellbeing. Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. 23
Many f the psychlgical benefits f utdr play are already well established. Natural scenes prvide the perfect level f stimulatin, which is thught t help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area. 24 The authrs recmmended using such “dses f nature” as a safe and accessible way f supprting children with ADHD, alngside ther tls.
25 Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals.
A．Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy.
B．Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds.
C．Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.
E．As fr the child’s physical health, the mst bvius advantage f utdr play may be the exercise.
F．Peple wh grw up n farms are less likely t develp asthma, allergies, r aut-immune disrders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．G 24．B 25．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子们在户外玩耍、接触大自然的重要性，并且指出这样做对孩子们的身心健康及成长有着积极的影响，特别是在现代城市化的生活和环境背景下，更应该注意让孩子们参与户外活动，乐享大自然。
21．根据前文“Children lve getting dirty.(孩子们喜欢弄脏。)”结合下文“But”可知与空处转折，D项“They are drawn t puddles like muddy magnets, with n regard fr ftwear r the clr f their clthing.(他们像泥泞的磁铁一样被水坑吸引，而不考虑鞋子或衣服的颜色。)”与上下文一致，表明小孩们非常喜欢玩泥巴，不会顾及自己的衣服和鞋子会被弄脏，这突显出小孩们对于在室外玩耍的渴望，D项“他们被像泥泞的磁铁一样的水坑吸引，完全不考虑鞋子和衣服的颜色。”符合，故选D项。
22．根据前文“Tday, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance t pick up a bit f dirt. With the rise f urbanism, and the temptatin f vide games and scial media, cntact with nature is much rarer than in the past. (今天，许多父母可能暗暗希望他们的孩子有机会捡起一点泥土。随着城市化的兴起，以及电子游戏和社交媒体的诱惑，与大自然的接触比过去少得多。)”可知现代的城市生活方式和娱乐活动可能与大自然的接触缺乏，导致了小孩们越来越难以有机会和时间去在户外玩耍，与A项“Fr many, there is simply n pprtunity t get muddy. (对于许多人来说，根本没有机会变得泥泞。)”与上下文一致，故选A项。
23．根据前文“Accrding t recent research, the dirt utside is teaming with friendly micrrganisms. (根据最近的研究，外面的污垢正在与友好的微生物合作。)”可知，空处会提到微生物的作用，与G项“They can train the immune system and build resilience t a range f illnesses, including allergies and asthma. (它们可以训练免疫系统并建立对一系列疾病的适应力，包括过敏和哮喘。)”上下文一致，在泥土或者大自然里面玩耍也会帮助小孩的免疫系统去建立对很多疾病的的抵抗能力和适应性，包括过敏和哮喘等疾病。故选G项。
24．根据上文“Supprting this thery, ne study frm 2009 fund that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able t cncentrate fllwing a 20-minute walk in the park, cmpared t a 20-minute walk n the streets f a well-kept urban area.(支持这一理论，2009年的一项研究发现，与在保存完好的城市地区的街道上步行20分钟相比，患有多动症的儿童在公园散步20分钟后能够更好地集中注意力。)”可知，大自然场景对小孩的精神和认知发展会有很好的刺激和帮助，与B项“Being clse t grass and trees seemed t have had a beneficial effect n their minds. (靠近草木似乎对他们的思想产生了有益的影响。)”与上下文一致，故选B项。
25．根据下文“Fr example, the act f mudding and kneading materials like mud r sand can help children develp the way their senses and mvement interact, knwn as sensrimtr develpment. This allws the child t gradually understand his r her bdily signals. (例如，泥浆和揉捏泥或沙子等材料的行为可以帮助儿童发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，称为感觉运动发展。这使孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。)”可知本段主要讲述了户外玩耍可以帮助孩子们感觉运动发展，使他们理解他或她的身体信号，这是一种学习经验，与C项“Besides these restrative effects, utdr play can ffer valuable learning experiences.(除了这些恢复效果外，户外游戏还可以提供宝贵的学习经验。)”上下文一致，故选C项。
【06】（2023·北京·人大附中校考三模）
In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther. 26 Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s furteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impssible t read.
Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin. 27 Frequently, the needs f speakers drive language change. New technlgies industries, prducts and experiences simply require new wrds. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 28 Thrugh ur day-t-day interactins, we pick up wrds and savings frm ther peple and integrate them int ur speech. Teens and yung adults, fr example, ften use different wrds and phrases frm their parents. Sme f them spread thrugh the ppulatin and slwly change the language.
29 Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened. Sme wrds are even created thrugh misinterpretatin f frm. As nted in the Linguistic Sciety f America’s publicatin Is English Changing?, the wrd pea is ne such example. Up until abut fur hundred years ag, pease culd refer t either a single pea r many peas. At sme pint, peple assumed that pease was the plural frm f a new wrd, pea, based n the way pease sunded. While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly. 30 Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.
A．Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.
B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.
C．As lng as peple are using a language, that language will underg sme change.
D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas f language use.
E．The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.
F．Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.
G．The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.
【答案】26．B 27．F 28．G 29．E 30．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着时间而变化，其原因很多样，变化主要体现在词汇、句子结构和发音三个方面。
26．前文“In sme ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed dwn thrugh the generatins reliably enugh fr parents and children t cmmunicate with each ther.（在某些方面，语言的变化是令人惊讶的。毕竟，它们代代相传，足以让父母和孩子相互交流。）”引入文章的话题语言的变化，后文“Fr example, while Japanese has changed relatively little ver a thusand years, English evlved rapidly in just a few centuries.（例如，在一千多年的时间里，日语的变化相对较小，而英语在短短几个世纪内就迅速演化。）”用日语和英语的变化情况作为例子，B项“Yet linguists find that all living languages change ver time — at different rates thugh.（然而，语言学家发现，所有现存的语言都会随着时间的推移而变化——尽管变化的速度不同。）”符合语境，和前文对语言变化的惊讶构成转折，是后文的例证支持的观点，后文的“changed relatively little ver a thusand years”“evlved rapidly in just a few centuries”解释了其中的“at different rates”。故选B。
27．前文“Languages change fr a variety f reasns. Large-scale shifts ften ccur in respnse t scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures, as there are many examples f language change fueled by invasins, clnizatin, and migratin.（语言的变化有很多原因。由于社会、经济和政治压力的影响，语言往往会发生大规模变化，因为有很多入侵、殖民和移民推动语言变化的例子。）”点明了本段的主旨语言变化的原因，介绍了外部宏观环境的原因，F项“Even withut these kinds f influences, a language can change dramatically if enugh users adpt a new way f speaking.（即使没有这些影响，如果有足够多的使用者采用一种新的说话方式，一门语言也会发生巨大的变化。）”符合语境，承接前文，其中的“these kinds f influences”指前文的“scial, ecnmic, and plitical pressures”，介绍了使用者方面的原因作为补充。故选F。
28．前文“But the unique way that individuals speak als fuels language change because n tw individuals use a language in exactly the same way.（但是个体说话的独特方式也会促进语言的变化，因为没有两个人使用一种语言的方式完全相同。）”提到了个体使用的语言存在差异，G项“The vcabulary and phrases peple use depend n where they live, their age, educatin level, scial status and ther factrs.（人们使用的词汇和短语取决于他们居住的地方、年龄、教育程度、社会地位和其他因素。）”符合语境，具体解释了个体语言差异的原因。故选G。
29．空处位于段首，是段落的主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“Vcabulary can change quickly as new wrds are brrwed frm ther languages, r as wrds get cined, cmbined, r shrtened.（词汇变化很快，比如从其他语言中借用新词，或者新词被创造、组合或缩略。）”、“While vcabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the rder f wrds in a sentence changes mre slwly.（虽然词汇变化很快，但句子结构——句子中单词的顺序变化得比较慢。）”和“Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。）”涉及语言变化中的词汇、句子结构和发音，E项“The three main areas f language that change ver time are vcabulary, sentence structure, and prnunciatin.（语言随着时间的推移发生变化的三个主要方面是词汇、句子结构和发音。）”符合语境，概括了这三个方面的内容。故选E。
30．后文“Fr example, during the Great Vwel Shift five hundred years ag, the prnunciatin f vwels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the prnunciatin f Middle English and Mdern English.（例如，在500年前的元音大推移期间，英语元音的发音发生了巨大变化。这种转变体现了中世纪英语和现代英语发音的最大区别。）”介绍的是语言变化的发音方面，A项“Changes in sund are smewhat harder t dcument but just as interesting.（声音的变化很难记录，但同样有趣。）”符合语境，引起后文内容。故选A。
【07】（2023·北京·清华附中校考三模）
Hw des it feel when yu slve yur prblem by yurself? Things may nt always g as planned. 31
Being resurceful means finding smart and creative ways t slve a prblem, using whatever resurces yu have at the time. 32 They can als be anything else that’s useful, such as infrmatin, advice r yur wn experience. It als means trusting yur instincts, the ability yu’re brn with, rather than thrugh training and being cnfident abut yur ability t face challenges. A resurceful persn is nt the ne getting crss r panicking when smething ges wrng. They’re thinking abut hw t slve the prblem.
33 When we learn t slve prblems fr urselves rather than immediately ging t thers fr help, it can help t build ur cnfidence, help us feel mre independent, and feel better abut making decisins. Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time. 34 This can bst self-esteem, that is, hw yu feel abut yurself.
When yu’re facing a challenge, try t fcus n the actual prblem rather than hw yu feel abut it. Think abut where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many slutins t the prblem as yu can. 35 Finally, review what has and hasn’t wrked, s yu’re equipped t deal with a situatin next time.
And remember, n ne is expected t slve all prblems by themselves. If yu have a tricky prblem that yu’re unable t slve, then ask a trusted adult fr help.
A．Yu als learn what yu’re gd at.
B．Here is hw yu can be mre resurceful.
C．They can be practical things like pens and paper.
D．Resurcefulness is a skill that’s gd fr yu in lts f ways.
E．These may be famus mtts that always inspire us t mve n.
F．Weigh up what’s gd and bad abut each ne and chse the best.
G．But being resurceful can help yu stay calm and deal with tricky situatins.
【答案】31．G 32．E 33．D 34．A 35．F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了遇到棘手的问题时的应对方法，要足智多谋，随机应变。
31．根据前文“Hw des it feel when yu slve yur prblem by yurself? Things may nt always g as planned.(当你自己解决问题的时候是什么感觉?事情可能并不总是按计划进行。)”及下文“Being resurceful means finding smart and creative ways t slve a prblem, using whatever resurces yu have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”可知，遇到棘手的问题时要足智多谋，随机应变。所以选择项G“But being resurceful can help yu stay calm and deal with tricky situatins.(但是足智多谋可以帮助你保持冷静，处理棘手的情况。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
32．根据前句“Being resurceful means finding smart and creative ways t slve a prblem, using whatever resurces yu have at the time. (足智多谋意味着找到聪明和创造性的方法来解决问题，利用你当时拥有的任何资源。)”和后句“They can als be anything else that’s useful, such as infrmatin, advice r yur wn experience. (它们也可以是任何有用的东西，比如信息、建议或你自己的经历。)”中的als可知，空处和下文为并列关系，也是在列举可以利用的资源可能是什么。所以选择项E“These may be famus mtts that always inspire us t mve n. (这些可能是著名的座右铭，总是激励我们继续前进。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。
33．根据后文“When we learn t slve prblems fr urselves rather than immediately ging t thers fr help, it can help t build ur cnfidence, help us feel mre independent, and feel better abut making decisins. Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time. (当我们学会自己解决问题而不是立即向别人寻求帮助时，它可以帮助我们建立信心，帮助我们感觉更独立，在做决定时感觉更好。足智多谋可能不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理它们会让你感觉压力更小，下次更有准备。)”可知，本段主要介绍足智多谋所带来的好处。所以选择项D“Resurcefulness is a skill that’s gd fr yu in lts f ways.(足智多谋是一种在很多方面对你都有好处的技能。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。
34．前文“ Being resurceful may nt help yu avid prblems, but thinking creatively abut hw yu can deal with them will make yu feel less stressed and mre prepared next time. (足智多谋可能不能帮助你避免问题，但创造性地思考如何处理它们会让你感觉压力更小，下次更有准备。)”指出创造性地思考的好处之一是让自己更有准备，空处应也在介绍好处，选项A“Yu als learn what yu’re gd at. (你也会知道你擅长什么。)”符合，即好处是对自己更加了解。故选A。
35．根据前句“Next, think up as many slutins t the prblem as yu can. (接下来，为这个问题想出尽可能多的解决方案。)”和后句“Finally, review what has and hasn’t wrked, s yu’re equipped t deal with a situatin next time. (最后，回顾一下哪些是有效的，哪些是无效的，这样你就能在下次处理这种情况时做好准备。)”可知，想出尽可能多的解决方案后要权衡和筛选，选出最佳的一个。所以选择项F“Weigh up what’s gd and bad abut each ne and chse the best. (权衡一下每个方案的优点和缺点，选择最好的。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
【08】（2023·北京海淀·三模）
Every day, thusands f rangers patrl natinal parks and ther prtected areas in Africa. Their jb is fraught with danger, bth frm hstile humans armed with autmatic weapns and frm the unappreciative and ptentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping t preserve. 36
That is particularly true f data n paching (偷猎), which remains, in bth senses f the wrd, an elephantine prblem. Since 2006 African elephant ppulatins have declined by arund 30%. In 2021, accrding t Mnitring the Illegal Killing f Elephants (MIKE), a cnservatin prgramme, arund 40% f elephant deaths were a result f paching.
37 The MIKE data shw a welcme fall in rates thrughut the 2010s, but accrding t research published in 2020 by Sctt Schlssberg f Elephants Withut Brders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely t a decline in eastern Africa.
Elsewhere, there is great variatin in the pressure n animals like elephants. Sme parks, like Garamba in the Demcratic Republic f Cng (DRC), are badly hit — with mre than 90% f the bdies fund by rangers being victims f pachers. 38 T untangle the factrs influencing paching, Timthy Kuiper f the University f Cape Twn, Eleanr Milner-Gulland at Oxfrd, and a team f cllabratrs have analysed data cllected fr MIKE by rangers frm 64 sites in 30 African cuntries ver the curse f 19 years. They crrelated these with ptentially relevant factrs, bth natural and human, and have published their findings in the Prceedings f the Ryal Sciety.
Natural variables such as habitat type, they discvered, make little difference. 39 Unsurprisingly, lw husehld wealth, pr health, pr law enfrcement and pr natinal gvernance all cntributed t higher rates f paching. S did the price f ivry.
40 Fr there did nt seem t be much. The impact was a cnsequence f a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethipia, rather than a general rule abut yung men with guns behaving badly.
One factr that was unquantifiable, and therefre untestable, accrding t Dr Kuiper, was lcal plitical will t preserve wildlife. But this study des nevertheless cnfirm bservatins made elsewhere, that the best frm f cnservatin is a prsperus ppulatin.
A．Human nes predminate.
B．The severity f elephant paching varies frm place t place.
C．Humans are the biggest factr defining elephant ranges acrss Africa.
D．There was ne unexpected result, thugh — the impact f armed cnflict.
E．But their wrk is imprtant, nt least because the data they cllect are crucial t cnservatin planning.
F．In thers, like Chbe, in Btswana, less than 10% f dead elephants discvered have been killed illegally.
G．Current discussin f hw t reduce paching fcuses n tw areas: reducing demand and reducing supply.
【答案】36．E 37．B 38．F 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大象受到非法猎杀，导致其数量减少，且分析了其偷猎的相关原因。
36．根据空前“Every day, thusands f rangers patrl natinal parks and ther prtected areas in Africa. Their jb is fraught with danger, bth frm hstile humans armed with autmatic weapns and frm the unappreciative and ptentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping t preserve.(每天，成千上万的护林员在非洲的国家公园和其他保护区巡逻。他们的工作充满了危险，危险既来自携带武器的地对人类，也来自于携带象牙、牙齿和爪子的不受欢迎的且可能具有公共及恶性的野生动物)”可知，空前提到护林员的工作是很危险的，故此处E项“但是他们的工作却是很重要的，不仅仅是因为他们收集的数据对保护计划至关重要。”符合语境，空前说明他们的工作很危险，此空转折说明他们的工作很重要，故选E项。
37．根据空后“The MIKE data shw a welcme fall in rates thrughut the 2010s, but accrding t research published in 2020 by Sctt Schlssberg f Elephants Withut Brders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely t a decline in eastern Africa.( MIKE数据显示，在这个2010年代，大象猎杀率是呈下降趋势的，但是根据慈善结构大象无国界组织的Sctt Schlssberg在2020年发表的研究表明，这完全归因于东非的下降)”可知，空后提出猎杀大象的现象有所下降，但是这完全是因为东非的下降，故B项“猎杀大象的严重性地区间存在差异。”符合语境，每个地方猎杀大象的现象存在不同，即使有下降，也是东非地区的下降，故选B项。
38．根据空前“Sme parks, like Garamba in the Demcratic Republic f Cng (DRC), are badly hit—with mre than 90% f the bdies fund by rangers being victims f pachers.(一些公园，如刚果民主共和国的Garamba，受到了严重的打击——护林员发现大象的尸体中90%以上都是偷猎者的受害者)”可知，F项“在其他公园，比如说博茨瓦纳的Chbe，在发现的大象尸体中，只有不到10%是非法猎杀的。”是前文的顺义承接，空前的“sme parks”与F项中的“In thers”相对应，故选F项。
39．根据空后“Unsurprisingly, lw husehld wealth, pr health, pr law enfrcement and pr natinal gvernance all cntributed t higher rates f paching. (不出所料，家庭财富低，健康状况差、执法不力和国家治理不善都导致了偷猎率的上升)”可知，空后提出了一些导致偷猎率上升的人为因素，故A项“人为因素占主导地位。”符合语境，本空说明人为因素占主导地位，空后具体说明那些因素，故选A。
40．根据空后“Fr there did nt seem t be much. The impact was a cnsequence f a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethipia, rather than a general rule abut yung men with guns behaving badly.(因为似乎没有太多。这种影响是刚果民主共和国、中非共和国和埃塞俄比亚发生的一些特殊案件的结果，而不是关于持枪年轻人行为不端的一般规则)”可知，空后的“the impact”指代D项中“但是却出现了意料之外的影响——武装冲突的影响。”，本空提出出现了武装冲突的影响，空后解释这种影响是什么导致的，故选D项。
【09】（2023·北京西城·二模）
As a dctr, I can give yu a lt f useful advice abut hw t get healthy and stay that way, but yu dn’t need me t tell yu that exercise is gd fr yu. Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind. 41 Mre than 60% f American adults dn’t exercise regularly, and many say they dn’t exercise at all. Mre than 72 millin are verweight, and almst all f them wuld like t lse the extra punds. S, if exercise is such a gd idea, why dn’t mre peple d it?
42 Even as I write this, I am watching my tw-year-ld run arund in circles. Kids seem t be brn in cnstant mtin, but alng the way that behavir changes.
The slwdwn ccurs fr mst at the beginning f cllege. Academic pressure and lack f rganized sprts are certainly part f the prblem. A bigger part may be lking at life changes as an ccasin t blw up ld rules and nt create new nes in their place. 43 The demands f a new jb usually mean less time at the gym. Hw abut a new marriage? Hw many times have we seen just-married cuples lking a lt heavier in first-anniversary phts than they did in the wedding pictures?
44 Peple wh set general gals, like “I will exercise in my free time,” did a far wrse jb f sticking t that plan than did peple wh made a firm cmmitment, like “I will walk t my friend’s huse and back every Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday.”
The gd news is, there are slutins t all these. We can begin with exercises as simple as remembering t sit straighter r drink enugh water. Specific wrkut plans can turn a general desire t exercise int a firm cmmitment. 45
We may never again have the energy f a tw-year-ld, but getting back even a little f ur early-life energy can make ur later lives a whle lt healthier.
A．Being in cllege is certainly part f the prblem.
B．This is especially s when it cmes t staying fit.
C．Nt having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.
D．We ften wish t g back t ur tw-year-ld selves.
E．Fr instance, yu can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.
F．Still, there’s a real discnnect between what we knw and what we d.
G．The mst puzzling part f ur inactive nature is that we dn’t start ut that way.
【答案】41．F 42．G 43．B 44．C 45．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人们知道运动有益于健康，而人们却不去运动的原因，并提出了如何去运动的建议。
41．根据空前的“Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind.(保持活跃对心脏、腰围、甚至思维都有好处。)”可知，人们知道运动有益健康，根据空后“Mre than 60% f American adults dn’t exercise regularly, and many say they dn’t exercise at all.(超过60%的美国成年人不经常锻炼，许多人说他们根本不锻炼。)”可知，调查结果发现，美国成年人大多数却不怎么运动甚至根本不运动，由此可猜测，此空处应承上启下的作用，G选项“Still, there’s a real discnnect between what we knw and what we d.(尽管如此，我们所知道的和我们所做的之间还是有很大的差距。)”讲述的是人们想的与做的有差距，起到承上启下的作用。故选F项。
42．根据空前的“S, if exercise is such a gd idea, why dn’t mre peple d it?(那么，如果运动是一个好主意，为什么不让更多的人去做呢?)”可知，既然运动是好想法，为什么却不去做呢，提出问题，引出下文分析原因，根据空后的“Even as I write this, I am watching my tw-year-ld run arund in circles.(就在我写这篇文章的时候，我正看着我两岁的儿子在原地打转。)”可知，小孩子还是很喜欢运动的，G选项“The mst puzzling part f ur inactive nature is that we dn’t start ut that way.(我们不活跃的天性中最令人费解的部分是，我们一开始并不是这样的。)”讲述的是我们不运动可不是从一开始就这样，与空后内容吻合。故选G项。
43．根据空前的“A bigger part may be lking at life changes as an ccasin t blw up ld rules and nt create new nes in their place.(更大的一部分可能是把生活的变化看作是一个打破旧规则的机会，而不是创造新的规则。)”可知，很大的原因是人们把改变生活看作打破旧规，而不是创建新规，而根据空后“The demands f a new jb usually mean less time at the gym.(新工作的要求通常意味着在健身房锻炼的时间更少。)”可知，新工作的要求可能意为着更少锻炼的时间，B选项“This is especially s when it cmes t staying fit.(在保持健康方面尤其如此。)”讲述的内容从空前的对改变生活的看法转述到空后的文章谈论的运动与健康的主题中，符合语境。故选B项。
44．根据空后的“Peple wh set general gals, like “I will exercise in my free time,” did a far wrse jb f sticking t that plan than did peple wh made a firm cmmitment, like “I will walk t my friend’s huse and back every Mnday, Wednesday, and Friday.”(那些设定一般目标的人，比如“我要在空闲时间锻炼”，在坚持计划方面的表现要比那些做出坚定承诺的人糟糕得多，比如“我每周一、三、五走路去朋友家，然后回家”。)”可知，该段落分析的是人们不运动与没有恰当的运动规划相关，C选项“Nt having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.(没有一个明确的锻炼计划会带来伤害。)”讲述的内容概括了本段的主题，内容与空后一致。故选C项。
45．根据空前的“Specific wrkut plans can turn a general desire t exercise int a firm cmmitment.(具体的锻炼计划可以把一般的锻炼愿望变成坚定的承诺。)”可知，具体的锻炼计划能把一个锻炼的想法转换为坚定的承诺，分析语篇可知，此空应为具体的做法，E选项“Fr instance, yu can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.(例如，你可以安排每周和朋友去一次健身房。)”通过举例来说明空前的具体做法，内容与空前一致，逻辑合理。故选E项。
【10】（2023·北京房山·统考二模）
Yu prbably already knw what self-regulatin is, even if yu are nt aware f the term. 46
Self-regulatin refers t the ability t cntrl yur behavir and manage yur thughts and emtins in apprpriate ways. It invlves being aware f yur behavir and hw it helps yu reach yur gals. 47 The Cambridge dictinary defines it as “The ability t make yurself d things yu knw yu shuld d even when yu d nt want t”. The American Psychlgical Assciatin defines it as “the cntrl f ne’s behavir thrugh self-mnitring, self-evaluatin, and self-reinfrcement.”
Self-regulatin is very imprtant because it can help us deal with stress. We all knw that smetimes stress is bad fr ur health, which can cause md swings and difficulty cncentrating. 48 Fr example, if a persn is upset, sad, r angry, self-regulatin helps him regulate his feelings and then behave in an acceptable and prductive way.
In additin, self-regulatin can als help peple handle cnflict and strengthen relatinships and verall well-being. It can help peple calm dwn after smething annying has happened and refcus their attentin n ther tasks. 49 Peple with gd self-regulatin skills are able t assess whether their behavir is apprpriate and can redirect themselves as needed.
50 S we can try different appraches t find the prper ne. Yu may be able t keep stress under cntrl by using stress management techniques such as deep breathing, exercise, and getting enugh sleep.
Self-regulatin is an essential skill fr physical, scial, emtinal and mental well-being. It des nt always cme easily t peple, but there are techniques that can help yu develp and strengthen yur self-regulatin.
A．There are different definitins f self-regulatin.
B．Take time each day t make new plans fr tmrrw.
C．In fact, like many cping skills, self-regulatin can be imprved.
D．It takes firm determinatin and a strng mind t develp a new habit.
E．Then try t behave prperly and adjust t getting alng with ther peple.
F．It is essential t learn mre abut self-regulatin and understand hw t strengthen it.
G．But self-regulatin can help peple handle emtins like frustratin r disappintment.
【答案】46．F 47．A 48．G 49．E 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自我调节的定义、作用以及提高自我调节的方法。
46．根据上文“Yu prbably already knw what self-regulatin is, even if yu are nt aware f the term.(你可能已经知道什么是自我调节，即使你不知道这个词)”结合后文提到了自我调节的作用，可知空处应该引起下文，即指出要建议了解自我调节。故F选项“有必要更多地了解自我调节并了解如何加强自我调节”符合语境，故选F。
47．上文“Self-regulatin refers t the ability t cntrl yur behavir and manage yur thughts and emtins in apprpriate ways. It invlves being aware f yur behavir and hw it helps yu reach yur gals.(自我调节是指以适当的方式控制自己的行为和管理自己的思想和情绪的能力。它包括意识到你的行为以及它如何帮助你实现目标)”提到自我调节的定义，后文“The Cambridge dictinary defines it as “The ability t make yurself d things yu knw yu shuld d even when yu d nt want t”. The American Psychlgical Assciatin defines it as “the cntrl f ne’s behavir thrugh self-mnitring, self-evaluatin, and self-reinfrcement.”(剑桥词典将其定义为“即使你不想做，但你知道自己应该做的事情的能力”。美国心理学会将其定义为“通过自我监控、自我评价和自我强化来控制自己的行为”)”提到了自我调节不同的定义，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出自律有不同的定义，故A选项“自律有不同的定义”符合语境，故选A。
48．根据上文“Self-regulatin is very imprtant because it can help us deal with stress. We all knw that smetimes stress is bad fr ur health, which can cause md swings and difficulty cncentrating.(自我调节非常重要，因为它可以帮助我们应对压力。我们都知道有时候压力对我们的健康有害，它会导致情绪波动和注意力不集中)”以及后文“Fr example, if a persn is upset, sad, r angry, self-regulatin helps him regulate his feelings and then behave in an acceptable and prductive way.(例如，如果一个人心烦意乱、悲伤或生气，自我调节可以帮助他调节自己的感觉，然后以一种可接受的、富有成效的方式行事)”可知，本句与上文构成转折关系，指出自律可以帮助人们处理沮丧或失望等情绪。故G选项“但是自我调节可以帮助人们处理沮丧或失望等情绪”符合语境，故选G。
49．根据上文“In additin, self-regulatin can als help peple handle cnflict and strengthen relatinships and verall well-being. It can help peple calm dwn after smething annying has happened and refcus their attentin n ther tasks.(此外，自我调节还可以帮助人们处理冲突，加强人际关系和整体幸福感。它可以帮助人们在一些恼人的事情发生后冷静下来，并将注意力重新集中到其他任务上)”以及后文“Peple with gd self-regulatin skills are able t assess whether their behavir is apprpriate and can redirect themselves as needed.(具有良好自我调节能力的人能够评估自己的行为是否合适，并在需要时重新调整自己)”可知，本句承接上文说明自我调节帮助人处理冲突的过程，故E选项“然后试着举止得体，适应与他人相处”符合语境，故选E。
50．根据后文“S we can try different appraches t find the prper ne. Yu may be able t keep stress under cntrl by using stress management techniques such as deep breathing, exercise, and getting enugh sleep.(所以我们可以尝试不同的方法来找到合适的方法。你可以通过使用压力管理技巧来控制压力，比如深呼吸、锻炼和充足的睡眠)”可知，本段主要说明了提高自我调节的方法。故C选项“事实上，像许多应对技巧一样，自我调节是可以提高的”符合语境，故选C。
【11】（2023·北京昌平·统考二模）
Cmmunin is a very difficult art. T cmmune with ne anther ver many prblems that we have requires listening and learning, which are bth very difficult t d. 51 T cmmune with each ther, we require a certain capacity, a certain way f listening-nt merely t gather infrmatin, which any schlby can d, but rather listening in rder t understand.
52 Learning is nt merely the accumulatin (积累) f knwledge. Knwledge never changes the way yu think; experience never flwers int the beauty f understanding. Mst f us listen with the backgrund f what we knw and we have experienced. Perhaps yu have never nticed the difference between the mind that really learns and the mind that merely gathers knwledge.
53 It is always translating what it hears in terms f its wn experience r in terms f the knwledge which it has gathered. It is caught up in the prcess f accumulating and adding t what it already knws, and such a mind is incapable f learning. I d nt knw if yu have nticed this. S it seems t me very imprtant that we cmmune with each ther quietly, in a dignified manner, and fr that there must be a listening and a learning.
When yu cmmune with yur wn heart, when yu cmmune with yur friend, when yu cmmune with the skies, with the stars, with the sunset, with a flwer, then surely yu are listening s as t learn. It des nt mean that yu accept r deny. 54 When yu cmmune with the sunset, with a friend, with yur wife r with yur child, yu d nt criticize, yu d nt deny r supprt, translate r identify. Yu are cmmuning. Yu are learning. Yu are searching ut. 55
I think it is imprtant t understand that a man wh accumulates can never learn. Self-learning implies a fresh and eager mind-a mind that is nt cmmitted, that des nt belng t anything and that is nt limited t any particular field. It is nly such a mind that learns.
A．Mst f us hardly listen, and we hardly learn.
B．Here is a persnal stry that illustrates this difference.
C．The mind that is accumulating knwledge never learns.
D．Hw can we make the shift frm accumulating t learning?
E．It seems t me f the utmst imprtance that we d listen in rder t learn.
F．Frm this inquiry cmes the mvement f learning, which is never accumulative.
G．Yu are learning and either acceptance r denial f what is being said puts an end t learning.
【答案】51．A 52．E 53．C 54．G 55．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了交流是一门非常困难的艺术，为了相互交流，我们需要一定的能力，一定的倾听方式——不仅仅是为了收集信息，就像任何一个小学生都会做的那样，而是为了理解而倾听。
51．根据上文“T cmmune with ne anther ver many prblems that we have requires listening and learning, which are bth very difficult t d.(就我们所面临的许多问题彼此交流需要倾听和学习，而这两者都很难做到)”以及后文“T cmmune with each ther, we require a certain capacity, a certain way f listening-nt merely t gather infrmatin, which any schlby can d, but rather listening in rder t understand.(为了相互交流，我们需要一定的能力，一种特定的倾听方式——不仅仅是为了收集信息，就像任何小学生都能做的那样，而是为了理解而倾听)”可知，上文提到了面临的问题，可知本句是在说明人们如何应对这样的问题的：大多数人几乎不听，也几乎不学。故A选项“我们大多数人几乎不听，也几乎不学”符合语境，故选A。
52．根据后文“Learning is nt merely the accumulatin (积累) f knwledge. Knwledge never changes the way yu think; experience never flwers int the beauty f understanding. Mst f us listen with the backgrund f what we knw and we have experienced. Perhaps yu have never nticed the difference between the mind that really learns and the mind that merely gathers knwledge.(学习不仅仅是知识的积累。知识永远不会改变你的思维方式;经验决不会开出理解之美。我们大多数人倾听的背景是我们所知道的和我们所经历的。也许你从来没有注意到真正学习的头脑和仅仅收集知识的头脑之间的区别)”可知，本段主要强调了倾听的作用，故E选项“在我看来，为了学习，倾听是最重要的”符合语境，故选E。
53．根据后文“It is always translating what it hears in terms f its wn experience r in terms f the knwledge which it has gathered. It is caught up in the prcess f accumulating and adding t what it already knws, and such a mind is incapable f learning. I d nt knw if yu have nticed this. S it seems t me very imprtant that we cmmune with each ther quietly, in a dignified manner, and fr that there must be a listening and a learning.(它总是根据自己的经验或收集到的知识来翻译它所听到的东西。它陷入了积累和增加它已经知道的东西的过程中，这样的头脑是无法学习的。我不知道你是否注意到了这一点。因此，在我看来，我们以一种有尊严的方式安静地彼此交流是非常重要的，为此，必须有一种倾听和学习)”可知，本段主要说明了积累导致头脑无法学习，强调彼此交流的重要性，故C选项“不断积累知识的头脑永远学不会东西”符合语境，故选C。
54．根据上文“When yu cmmune with yur wn heart, when yu cmmune with yur friend, when yu cmmune with the skies, with the stars, with the sunset, with a flwer, then surely yu are listening s as t learn. It des nt mean that yu accept r deny.(当你与自己的心交流时，当你与你的朋友交流时，当你与天空、星星、日落、一朵花交流时，那么你当然是在倾听，以便学习。这并不意味着你接受或拒绝)”可知，本句总结上文与心和朋友交流的意义以及接受或拒绝的影响：你正在学习，接受或否认别人所说的话都会结束学习，故G选项“你正在学习，接受或否认别人所说的话都会结束学习”符合语境，G选项“acceptance r denial”是提示，与上文“accept r deny”呼应，故选G。
55．根据上文“When yu cmmune with the sunset, with a friend, with yur wife r with yur child, yu d nt criticize, yu d nt deny r supprt, translate r identify. Yu are cmmuning. Yu are learning. Yu are searching ut.(当你与日落、与朋友、与妻子或孩子交流时，你不批评、不否认、不支持、不翻译或认同。你在交流。你在学习。你在寻找)”可知，上文列举了种种交流的方式，本句为本段最后一句，应总结上文：从这种探索中产生了学习的运动，这永远不会累积。故F选项“从这种探索中产生了学习的运动，而学习永远不会累积”符合语境，故选F。
【12】（2023·北京东城·统考二模）
We have all been guilty f being ver ptimistic when predicting hw lng a task will take because f the planning fallacy. First identified in 1977, the planning fallacy was defined as: “the tendency t underestimate the amunt f time needed t cmplete a future task, due in part t the reliance n verly ptimistic perfrmance scenaris (预测).”
It is extremely cmmn. 56 Fr instance, a study cnducted with psychlgy students fund that nly 30% f them managed t cmplete their senir papers in the amunt f time they predicted.
What’s mre, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubbrn prblem. 57 While we are able t recgnise past predictins where we have been ver-ptimistic, we ften keep n insisting that ur current predictins are realistic.
The planning fallacy is such a deep-rted behavir. Hwever, there are a few systematic strategies yu can use t start building the habit f duble-checking yur time estimates. Fr instance, yu can take the utside view. 58 Make sure t cnsult experts and peple wh have attempted t cmplete similar prjects in the past. If yu’re a student, talk t senir students; if yu’re writing a bk, jin a netwrk f writers.
59 Yu need t differentiate between tasks that are urgent and imprtant, imprtant but nt urgent, urgent but nt imprtant, neither urgent nr imprtant.
Once yu have an bjective estimate f the time it will take t cmplete a prject, yu need t make sure yu have the time and resurces t carry ut yur plan. 60 Breakdwn big tasks int smaller, manageable chunks. Dn’t wait until the last minute t let peple knw yu may need their help in the near future.
A．Defining yur pririties als helps.
B．We dn’t learn frm ur previus mistakes.
C．D nt base yur estimates n yur wn criteria.
D．Fcusing n fine details is the recmmended practice.
E．We can see many failed r late prjects, which lead t timewasting.
F．There have been lts f studies cnfirming the existence f the planning fallacy.
G．Blck time in yur calendar, and make sure the resurces yu need are available.
【答案】56．F 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是规划谬误和避免这个问题的方法。
56．空前说“It is extremely cmmn.(这是非常普遍的。)”，说明规划谬误现象是普遍存在的，空后说“Fr instance, a study cnducted with psychlgy students fund that nly 30% f them managed t cmplete their senir papers in the amunt f time they predicted.(例如，一项针对心理学专业学生的研究发现，只有30%的学生能够在他们预计的时间内完成他们的毕业论文。)”，这说明有研究证实了规划谬误的存在，F选项“There have been lts f studies cnfirming the existence f the planning fallacy.(已有大量研究证实了规划谬误的存在。)”说明了有研究证明了它的存在，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
57．空前说“What’s mre, the planning fallacy is an incredibly stubbrn prblem.(此外，规划谬误是一个难以置信的顽固问题。)”，说明人们会很顽固，空后说“While we are able t recgnise past predictins where we have been ver-ptimistic, we ften keep n insisting that ur current predictins are realistic.(虽然我们能够认识到我们过去的预测过于乐观，但我们经常坚持认为我们目前的预测是现实的。)”，说明我们坚持错误的预测，B选项“We dn’t learn frm ur previus mistakes.(我们不会从以前的错误中吸取教训。)”说明了我们会坚持错误的预测，不会吸取教训，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
58．空后说“Make sure t cnsult experts and peple wh have attempted t cmplete similar prjects in the past. If yu’re a student, talk t senir students; if yu’re writing a bk, jin a netwrk f writers.(一定要咨询专家和过去尝试过类似项目的人。如果你是一名学生，和高年级学生交谈；如果你正在写一本书，加入一个作家圈子。)”，说明要参考别人的意见，C选项“D nt base yur estimates n yur wn criteria.(不要把你的估计建立在自己的标准上。)”说明了要参考别人的意见，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选C。
59．空格处是本段的主旨句，由空后的“Yu need t differentiate between tasks that are urgent and imprtant, imprtant but nt urgent, urgent but nt imprtant, neither urgent nr imprtant.(你需要区分紧急和重要的任务，重要但不紧急的任务，紧急但不重要的任务，既不紧急也不重要的任务。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要明确你的优先级，A选项“Defining yur pririties als helps.(明确你的优先级也有帮助。)”说明要明确优先级，因此概括了本段内容，可作为主旨句，故选A。
60．空前说“Once yu have an bjective estimate f the time it will take t cmplete a prject, yu need t make sure yu have the time and resurces t carry ut yur plan.(一旦你对完成一个项目所需要的时间有了一个客观的估计，你就需要确保你有时间和资源来执行你的计划。)”，说明要确保有时间来执行计划，空格处应该要说具体该怎么来确保有这个时间，G选项“Blck time in yur calendar, and make sure the resurces yu need are available.(在你的日历上留出时间，确保你需要的资源是可获得的。)”说明了确保执行计划的时间的具体方法，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
【13】（2023·北京朝阳·统考二模）
In ur mdern wrld, there are endless alternatives. Have yu ever fund yurself wndering whether yu shuld quit r stay in yur jb, accept an ffer r give it up fr anther? There is a simple and practical methd that slves this prblem. 61 When yu understand the cncept, yu have the pwer t measure every alternative with precisin and make the right decisin.
In the field f ecnmics, pprtunity cst is the value that yu have t give up when yu chse an ptin ver anther gd ptin. 62 Every time yu chse smething, yu give up ther alternatives tgether with their financial benefits. It is nt all the ther ptins, but the mst valued ne that is defined as the pprtunity cst.
63 Take the simple example f trying t decide whether t take public transprtatin fr 80 minutes r t drive fr 40 minutes. Yu might save n the cst f gas while riding the bus but duble the trip length and miss ut n ther things yu culd have dne during that time. 64 This is hw yu create pririties in yur daily life.
Thugh useful in decisin making, the biggest drawback f pprtunity cst is that it’s ften related t what’s hard t quantify. 65 After all, putting a number t yur peaceful mind r happiness can be difficult.
Opprtunity cst isn’t cut and dried. It varies frm persn t persn. At the end f the day, yu are in charge f what yu wn and what yu want t gain.
A．It is abut finding ut the pprtunity cst.
B．Weigh the lsses and gains, and make yur decisin.
C．Opprtunity cst matters nt nly in ecnmics but als in real life.
D．This is especially true when the pprtunity cst is f nn-financial benefit.
E．The key principle underlying the idea is that there is n such thing as free lunch.
F．Mst peple verlk pprtunity cst because the benefits are usually hidden frm view.
G．It is the develpment f imprtant skills that wuld help yu mve frward in yur daily life.
【答案】61．A 62．E 63．C 64．B 65．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机会成本。
61．根据上文“There is a simple and practical methd that slves this prblem.( 有一个简单实用的方法可以解决这个问题。)”和下文“When yu understand the cncept, yu have the pwer t measure every alternative with precisin and make the right decisin.(当你理解了这个概念，你就有能力精确地衡量每一个选择，并做出正确的决定。)”可知，空处提到了一个概念，就是机会成本。A项中的“the pprtunity cst”和下文中的“the cncept”对应。A项：It is abut finding ut the pprtunity cst.(这是关于找出机会成本。)符合语境。故选A。
62．根据下文“Every time yu chse smething, yu give up ther alternatives tgether with their financial benefits.(每次你选择某样东西，你就放弃了其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。)”可知，下文举例说明机会成本的具体实施原则，选择了某样东西，就要放弃其他的选择以及它们的经济利益。E项：The key principle underlying the idea is that there is n such thing as free lunch.(这个观点的关键原则是，天下没有免费的午餐。)符合语境。故选E。
63．空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Take the simple example f trying t decide whether t take public transprtatin fr 80 minutes r t drive fr 40 minutes.(举个简单的例子，试着决定是乘80分钟的公共交通工具还是开车40分钟。)”可知，本段主要讲述机会成本在日常生活中的应用。C项：Opprtunity cst matters nt nly in ecnmics but als in real life.(机会成本不仅在经济学中很重要，在现实生活中也很重要。)符合语境。故选C。
64．根据上文“Yu might save n the cst f gas while riding the bus but duble the trip length and miss ut n ther things yu culd have dne during that time.(你可能会在乘坐公共汽车时节省汽油费用，但会使行程长度增加一倍，并错过在这段时间内你可以做的其他事情。)”可知，在做决定之前要权衡利弊。B项：Weigh the lsses and gains, and make yur decisin.(权衡得失，再做决定。)符合语境。故选B。
65．根据上文“Thugh useful in decisin making, the biggest drawback f pprtunity cst is that it’s ften related t what’s hard t quantify. (虽然机会成本在决策中很有用，但它最大的缺点是它往往与难以量化的东西有关。)”可知，此处提出机会成本的局限性，结合下文“After all, putting a number t yur peaceful mind r happiness can be difficult.(毕竟，用一个数字来形容你内心的平静或快乐是很困难的。)”可知，像情绪等非经济利益机会成本难以形容。D项：This is especially true when the pprtunity cst is f nn-financial benefit.(当机会成本是非经济利益时尤其如此。)符合语境。故选D。
【14】（2023·北京海淀·统考二模）
Humans have lng tried t cnquer water. We’ve straightened nce-winding rivers fr shipping purpses. We’ve cnstructed levees (防洪堤) alng rivers and lakes t prtect peple frm flding—We’ve erected entire cities n drained and filled-in wetlands. We’ve built dams n rivers t stre water fr later use. 66 But it’s nt, argues envirnmental jurnalist Erica Gies,authr f Water Always Wins.
Levees, which narrw channels causing water t flw higher and faster, nearly always break. Cities n frmer wetlands fld regularly—ften disastrusly. Dams starve dwnstream areas f sediment (沉积物) needed t prtect casts against rising seas. Straightened streams mve faster than winding nes, giving water less time t flw dwnward. And they wash away riverbed ecsystems.
In additin t laying ut this damage dne by suppsed water cntrl, Gies takes readers n a hpeful glbal tur f slutins t these prblems. Alng the way, she intrduces “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many thers. 67
These water detectives have fund ways t give the slippery substance the time and space it needs t flw slwly undergrund. Arund Seattle’s Thrntn Creek, fr instance, reclaimed land nw allws fr regular flding, which has renewed riverbed habitat and created an urban asis. In Califrnia’s Central Valley, scientists want t find ways t mve unplluted strm water int subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). 68
While sme peple are explring new ways t manage water, thers are leaning n ancient knwledge. Researchers in Peru are nw studying ld-style methds f water strage, which dn’t require dams, in hpes f ensuring a steady flw f water t Lima—Peru’s ppulus capital that’s peridically affected by water shrtage. 69 “Decisin makers cme frm a culture f cncrete,” Gies writes, “in which dams, pipes and desalinatin factries are standard.”
Understanding hw t wrk with, nt against, water will help humankind weather this age f drught and fld that’s being wrsened by climate change. 70 Instead, we must learn t live within ur water means because water will undubtedly win.
A．Cntrlling water, Gies cnvincingly argues, is a false belief.
B．Instead f trying t cntrl water, they ask: What des water want?
C．It seems that water is cperative and willing t flw where we direct it.
D．These ld-style underwater cncrete techniques pave the way fr the cnstructin f dams.
E．T further understand the whle ecsystem, they believe effective water cntrl requires effrt.
F．The study may help cnvince thse wh favr cncrete-centric slutins t try smething new.
G．Feeding grundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers frm belw, which helps t maintain water levels and ecsystems.
【答案】66．C 67．B 68．G 69．F 70．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。人类长期以来一直试图征服水，但是《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为：了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。
66．上文“We’ve straightened nce-winding rivers fr shipping purpses. We’ve cnstructed levees(防洪堤)alng rivers and lakes t prtect peple frm flding—We’ve erected entire cities n drained and filled-in wetlands.We’ve built dams n rivers t stre water fr later use. (为了航运的目的，我们把曾经蜿蜒的河流拉直了。我们沿着河流和湖泊修建堤坝，保护人们免受洪水侵袭——我们在排水和填平的湿地上建起了整座城市。我们在河上筑坝蓄水以备后用。)”可知，人类为了自己的目的，采用了不同的方式来管控水，C项“It seems that water is cperative and willing t flw where we direct it. (看来水是合作的，愿意向我们指引的方向流动。)”可推知，水貌似顺应了人类的要求，人类占了上风，C项承接上文，下文“But it’s nt, argues envirnmental jurnalist Erica Gies,authr f Water Always Wins. (但《水总是赢》一书的作者、环境记者埃里卡·吉斯认为，事实并非如此。)”，C项与下文为转折关系，水总是能赢，下文引出话题。上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。
67．上文“In additin t laying ut this damage dne by suppsed water cntrl, Gies takes readers n a hpeful glbal tur f slutins t these prblems. Alng the way, she intrduces ‘water detectives’—scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many thers. (除了列出所谓的治水所造成的破坏之外，吉斯还带读者踏上了一趟充满希望的全球之旅，寻找解决这些问题的办法。在此过程中，她介绍了‘水侦探’——科学家、工程师、城市规划师和其他许多人。)”可知，此处介绍了一群关注治水的人，B项“Instead f trying t cntrl water, they ask: What des water want? (他们不是试图控制水，而是问：水想要什么？)”，B项中的they指代上文中的 “water detectives” —scientists,engineers,urban planners, and many thers，结合下文“These water detectives have fund ways t give the slippery substance the time and space it needs t flw slwly undergrund. (些水侦探已经找到了一些方法，让这种光滑的物质有时间和空间在地下慢慢流动。)”可知，这些水侦探知道了水要什么，并找到了对策，上下文衔接连贯。故选B项。
68．上文“In Califrnia’s Central Valley, scientists want t find ways t mve unplluted strm water int subsurface valleys that make ideal aquifers (含水层). (在加州的中央山谷，科学家们想要找到一种方法，将未受污染的雨水转移到地下山谷，形成理想的含水层)”可知，通过雨水补给地下水形成理想的地下含水层，G项“Feeding grundwater supplies will in turn sustain rivers frm belw, which helps t maintain water levels and ecsystems. (补给地下水反过来又会从地下维持河流，这有助于维持水位和生态系统。)”表明，充足的地下水能保证河流的水量，上下文衔接连贯顺畅，故选G项。
69．上文“While sme peple are explring new ways t manage water, thers are leaning n ancient knwledge. Researchers in Peru are nw studying ld-style methds f water strage, which dn’t require dams, in hpes f ensuring a steady flw f water t Lima—Peru’s ppulus capital that’s peridically affected by water shrtage. (当一些人在探索管理水的新方法时，另一些人则依靠古老的知识。秘鲁的研究人员现在正在研究不需要水坝的老式蓄水方法，希望能确保水稳定地流向利马——秘鲁人口众多的首都，它经常受到水资源短缺的影响。)”可知，秘鲁的研究人员依靠古老的蓄水方式管理水，F项“The study may help cnvince thse wh favr cncrete-centric slutins t try smething new. (这项研究可能有助于说服那些喜欢以混凝土为中心的解决方案的人尝试一些新的东西。)”，此处The study指代上文中的秘鲁的水管理的研究，下文“‘Decisin makers cme frm a culture f cncrete,’ Gies writes, ‘in which dams, pipes and desalinatin factries are standard.’ (‘决策者来自混凝土文化，’吉斯写道，‘水坝、管道和海水淡化工厂是标准的。’)”，下文中的Decisin makers cme frm a culture f cncrete与F项中的thse wh favr cncrete-centric slutins相呼应，故选F项。
70．上文“Understanding hw t wrk with, nt against, water will help humankind weather this age f drught and fld that’s being wrsened by climate change. (了解如何与水合作，而不是与水对抗，将有助于人类度过这个因气候变化而恶化的干旱和洪水时代。)”为对上文的总结，A项“Cntrlling water, Gies cnvincingly argues, is a false belief. (吉斯令人信服地指出，控制水资源是一种错误的信念。)”是对上一句的进一步解释，下文“Instead, we must learn t live within ur water means because water will undubtedly win. (相反，我们必须学会用水，因为水无疑会赢。)”，A项与下文为转折关系，说明了人类与水之间的正确关系，上下文衔接连贯，故选A项。
【15】（2023·北京门头沟·统考一模）
Walking has been cnsidered as ne f the best pssible exercises. Fr many peple,daily walking ffers massive and lng-term physical and mental benefits. 71 A Stanfrd University study fund that participants were mre creative when walking as ppsed t sitting.
72 Yu’ve prbably heard the phrase“exercise yur creativity”,which referee t the brain as muscle.Our creative mindset is triggered by physical mvement,which is exactly why walking-with yur dg, a friend, r alne-feeds creative thinking.
But the scenery is almst as imprtant as the sweat. Just by ging utside, yu are stepping ut f yur habitual surrundings and yur cmfrt zne,which is necessary if yu want t pen yur mind t new pssibilities. Yu can walk thrugh a tree-filled neighbrhd. 73 Even when yu walk dwn a busy street, yu can’t help but get distracted by the sweet smells frm a fd cart r the child pinting t a building yu hadn’t even nticed befre.
Our brains wrk harder t prcess indifferent envirnments. Therefre, walking utside cultivates ur ability t cllect new ideas and take in new sights,sunds,smells, and flavrs. Shinrin-yku, a cmmn frm f relaxatin in Japan, suggests that being in the frest and walking amng the trees can lwer yur stress levels. 74 Research has shwn that immersin in nature and the discnnectin frm multimedia increased perfrmance n a creative prblem-slving task in a grup f hikers.
S instead f setting a fitness gal, why rt set a creativity gal that just starts with walking utdrs? 75 Fr example,yu can turn ff yur phne and give yurself the chance t be present in the wrld,t hear cnversatins and natural sunds, and t ntice the way peple mve and the way the sun reflects in a lake. Walk nt just fr exercise.Walk fr wnder.
A．In fact,yu ften fail t d it by yurself.
B．Engage mre clsely with yur surrundings.
C．Withut enugh energy, yu cannt wnder r create.
D．The physical mvement during walking is bviusly key.
E．Yu can walk thrugh a park and bserve peple relaxing r birds singing.
F．But yu dn’t have t live near a frest t receive the psychlgical benefits.
G．Hwever, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element f creativity.
【答案】71．G 72．D 73．E 74．F 75．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。散步被认为是最好的运动之一。对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处。然而，这个习惯不仅仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素。斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，走路时人们更有创造力。
71．根据空白处上文“Fr many peple,daily walking ffers massive and lng-term physical and mental benefits(对许多人来说，每天散步对身体和精神都有巨大而长期的好处)”以及下文“A Stanfrd University study fund that participants were mre creative when walking as ppsed t sitting(斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，与坐着相比，参与者在走路时更有创造力).”可知，此处上下文说的是走路不仅有益于身体健康，也是有利于创造力的培养，G项“Hwever, this habit isn’t just a healthy habit but a necessary element f creativity(然而，这个习惯不仅是一个健康的习惯，也是创造力的必要因素)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。
72．根据下文“Our creative mindset is triggered by physical mvement(我们的创造性思维是由身体运动引发的)”可知，走路时的身体运动很重要，D项“The physical mvement during walking is bviusly key(走路时的身体运动显然是关键)”表达的含义一致，讲述身体运动是重要的。故选D项。
73．根据上文“Just by ging utside, yu are stepping ut f yur habitual surrundings and yur cmfrt zne,which is necessary if yu want t pen yur mind t new pssibilities(只要走出去，你就走出了你习惯的环境和舒适区，如果你想打开你的思维，接受新的可能性，这是必要的)”可知此处说的是要到外面去走走，E项“Yu can walk thrugh a park and bserve peple relaxing r birds singing(你可以穿过公园，观察人们放松或鸟儿唱歌)”符合语境，承接上文，故选E项。
74．根据空白处上文“Shinrin-yku, a cmmn frm f relaxatin in Japan, suggests that being in the frest and walking amng the trees can lwer yur stress levels. (Shinrin yku是日本一种常见的放松方式，它建议在森林里和树间散步可以降低你的压力水平)”以及下文“Research has shwn that immersin in nature and the discnnectin frm multimedia increased perfrmance n a creative prblem-slving task in a grup f hikers.(研究表明，沉浸在大自然中并与多媒体的脱离提高了一群徒步旅行者创造性解决问题的能力)”可知此处上下文说的是在森林中散步是有益的，但是不在森林中一样可以收到同样的效果，F项“But yu dn’t have t live near a frest t receive the psychlgical benefits.(但你不必住在森林附近才能获得心理上的好处)”符合语境，承上启下，故选F项。
75．根据下文“Fr example,yu can turn ff yur phne and give yurself the chance t be present in the wrld,t hear cnversatins and natural sunds, and t ntice the way peple mve and the way the sun reflects in a lake.( 例如，你可以关掉手机，让自己有机会出现在这个世界上，听到对话声和自然的声音，注意人们走动的方式和阳光在湖中的反射方式)”可知，此处说的是要更加近地走进你周围的环境，B项“Engage mre clsely with yur surrundings(更紧密地参与你的环境)”符合语境，故选B项。
【16】（2023·北京丰台·统考二模）
The term “grwth mindset” has becme smething f a buzzwrd in ur life. Yu can find it everywhere yu lk—in the seminars f mtivatinal speakers, in the educatin curse descriptins, and in the missin statements f cmpanies. 76
One f the biggest miscnceptins abut grwth mindset is that it is the same thing as being pen-minded in yur beliefs. This is untrue. Being pen-minded in yur beliefs is ften the belief n what true grwth mindset is, but this is actually called “false grwth mindset” in the research cmmunity. 77 What this means is that they have a fixed belief n their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are grwing, when in reality they are nt.
Being pen-minded t ther peple’s beliefs and new things is great, but it des nt mean that yu are actually learning anything. Furthermre, there is n way t ever have a truly cmplete grwth mindset. 78 It is imprtant that yu accept this and embrace it, while still desiring t experience grwth anyway. This is the nly way yu can truly fster as m’ f a grwth mindset as humanly pssible.
79 Unprductive effrts that are merely dne fr the reward r utcme are nt cnsidered t be grwth mindset. True grwth mindset has nthing t d with reward r utcme. Rather, it is based entirely n the learning and grwing prcess itself. When yu are invested in a grwth mindset, yu are invested in the prcess regardless f the utcme.
80 Yu cannt simply “have” a grwth mindset. Yu have t want ne, and invest in having ne. Understanding the truth abut grwth mindset will enable yu t understand exactly hw this trait can assist yu in life.
A．Mindset is a lt harder than “just d it”.
B．It is virtually impssible, as we are all fixed in sme way r anther.
C．Anther false belief is that grwth mindset is abut rewarded effrts.
D．A secnd miscnceptin is that peple’s mtivatin cmes frm the prcess.
E．But despite its ppularity, sme peple dn’t understand what it actually means.
F．This is essentially peple wh have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.
G．Grwth mindset assists peple in having greater results frm what they set ut t accmplish.
【答案】76．E 77．F 78．B 79．C 80．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是成长型思维模式以及对成长型思维模式的误解。
76．空前“Yu can find it everywhere yu lk—in the seminars f mtivatinal speakers, in the educatin curse descriptins, and in the missin statements f cmpanies.(你可以在任何地方找到它——在励志演说家的研讨会上，在教育课程的描述中，在公司的使命宣言中。)”讲述成长性思维这个说法无处不在，很受欢迎，下一段“One f the biggest miscnceptins abut grwth mindset is that it is the same thing as being pen-minded in yur beliefs.(关于成长型思维模式的最大误解之一是，它与你的信仰持开放态度是一回事。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，E选项“But despite its ppularity, sme peple dn’t understand what it actually means.(尽管它很受欢迎，但有些人并不理解它的真正含义。)”说明很多人不理解成长型思维模式的真正含义，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
77．空前“Being pen-minded in yur beliefs is ften the belief n what true grwth mindset is, but this is actually called “false grwth mindset” in the research cmmunity.(对你的信仰持开放态度通常是对什么是真正的成长型思维模式的信念，但这实际上在研究界被称为“错误的成长型思维模式”。)”讲述对你的信仰持开放态度是错误的成长型思维模式，空后“What this means is that they have a fixed belief n their intelligence level, which is exactly what a fixed mindset is. They believe that they are grwing, when in reality they are nt.(这意味着他们对自己的智力水平有一个固定的信念，这就是固定思维模式。他们认为自己在成长，而实际上并没有。)”讲述错误的成长型思维模式的表现，因此空格处应该也是介绍错误的成长型思维模式，F选项“This is essentially peple wh have an “I already have it, and I always have” attitude.(这类人本质上是一种“我已经拥有了，而且我一直都有”的态度。)”承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
78．空前说“Being pen-minded t ther peple’s beliefs and new things is great, but it des nt mean that yu are actually learning anything. Furthermre, there is n way t ever have a truly cmplete grwth mindset.(对别人的信仰和新事物持开放的态度是很好的，但这并不意味着你真的学到了什么。此外，没有办法拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式。)”，说明人不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式，B选项“It is virtually impssible, as we are all fixed in sme way r anther.(这实际上是不可能的，因为我们都以这样或那样的方式被固定住了。)”解释不能拥有一个真正完整的成长型思维模式的原因是我们被固定住了，符合语境，与上文是因果关系。故选B。
79．空后“Unprductive effrts that are merely dne fr the reward r utcme are nt cnsidered t be grwth mindset. True grwth mindset has nthing t d with reward r utcme.(仅仅为了回报或结果而做出的非生产性努力不被认为是成长型思维模式。真正的成长型思维模式与回报或结果无关。)”说明的是对成长型思维模式的另一个误解，成长型思维模式与回报或结果有关，C选项“Anther false belief is that grwth mindset is abut rewarded effrts.(另一个错误的信念是，成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力。)”说明了另一个误解是成长型思维模式是关于有回报的努力，符合语境，下文对前文进行具体的解析。故选C。
80．空后说“Yu cannt simply “have” a grwth mindset. Yu have t want ne, and invest in having ne.(你不能简单地“拥有”成长型思维模式。你必须想要并为拥有一个（成长型思维）而投资。)”说明拥有成长型思维没有那么简单，因此成长型思维不是说做就做得到的，你必须为之努力，A选项“Mindset is a lt harder than “just d it”.(思维模式比“说做就做”要难得多。)”说明了思维模式很难获得，引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
【17】（2023·北京顺义·统考二模）
Cnfirmatin bias(偏见) is ur tendency t seek ut infrmatin that cnfirms ur existing beliefs. It als describes hw we try t find ways t lk at unclear infrmatin in ways that supprt rather than challenge thse beliefs — r simply ignre infrmatin that cntradicts them. 81
Peple usually dn't engage in cnfirmatin bias n purpse. 82 Fr example, if yu heard that a plitician yu supprt was caught in a scandal(丑闻), yu might be mre likely t believe explanatins that make them lk less guilty. Meanwhile, peple wh dislike that plitician wuld prbably be mre likely t believe stries that make them lk wrse.
S what can we d t avid cnfirmatin bias? 83 This can help us check if we nly believe certain things because we never seriusly cnsidered ther pssibilities. It's als easy t surrund urselves with an “ech chamber” f peple wh think the same way we d—especially n scial media. 84 It can help us understand that there may be ther ways t see the same issue.
And perhaps mst imprtantly: we have t be careful nt t jump t cnclusins. 85 We shuld try t learn mre befre deciding hw we feel abut smething, even if it's very imprtant t us. But that's ften easier said than dne.
A．The thing we mst want t believe might nt actually be true.
B．But research has fund that it is real and affects ur judgment.
C．But it can be helpful t talk t peple wh dn't share ur beliefs.
D．Research has shwn that cnfirmatin bias ccurs in several cntexts.
E．Mst f all, accept that yu have biases that impact yur decisin-making.
F．One thing we can d is try t lk fr evidence that cntradicts ur beliefs.
G．This is especially true fr infrmatin abut things that feel very imprtant t us.
【答案】81．G 82．B 83．F 84．C 85．A
【解析】81．上文“It als describes hw we try t find ways t lk at unclear infrmatin in ways that supprt rather than challenge thse beliefs — r simply ignre infrmatin that cntradicts them. (它还描述了我们如何试图找到方法来看待不清楚的信息，以支持而不是挑战这些信念——或者简单地忽略与它们相矛盾的信息。)”提到关键词infrmatin“信息”，空处承接上文，也需要提到infrmatin“信息”。G项“对于我们觉得非常重要的事情的信息尤其如此。”中infrmatin为原文复现。故选G项。
82．上文“Peple usually dn't engage in cnfirmatin bias n purpse.(人们通常不会故意产生确认偏误。)”提到cnfirmatin bias不常出现；而下文提到cnfirmatin bias在日常生活中的体现，故空处需要表转折。B项“但是研究发现它是真实存在的，而且会影响我们的判断。”有转折，且it代指前文cnfirmatin bias，符合文意。故选B项。
83．上文“S what can we d t avid cnfirmatin bias? (那么我们能做些什么来避免确认偏误呢？)”作者表示提问，如何避免认知偏见；下文“This can help us check if we nly believe certain things because we never seriusly cnsidered ther pssibilities.(这可以帮助我们检查我们是否只相信某些事情，因为我们从来没有认真考虑过其他可能性。)”承接上文，并且由代词this,由此可以推测出，空处承上启下，this指代一种做法。F项“我们能做的一件事就是试图寻找与我们的信念相矛盾的证据。”符合文意。故选F项。
84．下文“It can help us understand that there may be ther ways t see the same issue.(它可以帮助我们理解可能有其他方式来看待同一问题。)”中有代词it，且空处承接上文，故空处需要填另一种做法。C项“但是和与我们信仰不同的人交谈是有帮助的。”强调了做法和看事情需要看两面，符合段意。故选C项。
85．上文“And perhaps mst imprtantly: we have t be careful nt t jump t cnclusins.(也许最重要的是：我们必须小心，不要妄下结论。)”和下文“We shuld try t learn mre befre deciding hw we feel abut smething, even if it's very imprtant t us.(在决定我们对某事的感觉之前，我们应该试着了解更多，即使它对我们非常重要。)”均强调不能过于主观。A项“我们最想相信的事情可能不是真的。”为本段意义相近，是在告诉读者如何更好地避免认知误差，符合段意。故选A项。
【18】（2023·北京东城·统考一模）
With climate change cntinuing t wrsen, ur situatin is beginning t feel increasingly serius. 86 Is it right? Maybe nt.
Techn-ptimism is ne f the greatest miscnceptins when it cmes t slutins t ensure ur future. It can be defined as a belief that future technlgies will slve all f ur current prblems. This definitin reinfrces (强化) the idea that there’s n reasn t panic r change ur current energy-intensive lifestyle. All sciety needs t d is lk t green technlgy t wrk its magic. 87
One f the best examples f this ptimistic miscnceptin is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an ec-friendly way t get arund, electric cars are nt the end fr the future f transprt. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we culd be seeing a shrtage f by the midcentury. 88 Techn-ptimism has led many t believe that if everyne just switched t driving electric vehicles, we wuld be making incredible steps twards sustainability. Hwever, the reality is that the amunt f resurces and energy needed t prduce enugh electric vehicles fr everyne is nt even remtely sustainable.
89 Investing in public transprtatin and mving away frm individually wned vehicles. Prducing fewer cars. Imprving recycling practices f ld batteries. The slutins we seek shuld nt be rted in new technlgy, but be abut changing the way ur sciety functins.
Techn-ptimism puts t much emphasis n technlgy and nt enugh n what we can d right this minute. Unfrtunately, peple seem t like the picture that techn-ptimism paints. 90 It is imprtant t understand that the prblem begins when we see thse technlgies as a way t make ur current lifestyles ec-friendly. Until we are ready t face the need fr a less cmplex life, we cannt make true prgress twards sustainability.
A．S where shuld we lk fr answers instead?
B．The mdern wrld’s simple slutin is technlgy.
C．Mrever, they are mre energy intensive t prduce.
D．Is it a trap that many peple have fallen int in recent years?
E．Unfrtunately, this is an incredibly dangerus pinin t hld.
F．Despite any technlgy, we as a whle are nt living sustainably.
G．Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in ur lifestyles.
【答案】86．B 87．E 88．C 89．A 90．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出“技术乐观主义”试图用技术解决当前的气候问题，作者用电动汽车的例子来证明这种想法似乎是没用的。改变我们的社会运作方式，以及人们的生活方式才是解决问题的关键所在。
86．根据上文“With climate change cntinuing t wrsen, ur situatin is beginning t feel increasingly serius.(随着气候变化的持续恶化，我们的情况开始变得越来越严重)”可知，气候问题持续恶化，人类的情况开始变得越来越严重。由此推知，人类可能会采取解决气候问题的办法。结合下文“Techn-ptimism is ne f the greatest miscnceptins when it cmes t slutins t ensure ur future. It can be defined as a belief that future technlgies will slve all f ur current prblems.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题)”可知，人们试图依靠技术来解决气候问题。B项“The mdern wrld’s simple slutin is technlgy.(现代世界的简单解决方案就是技术)”符合题意。故选B。
87．空处位于段末应承接上文。根据上文“Techn-ptimism is ne f the greatest miscnceptins when it cmes t slutins t ensure ur future. It can be defined as a belief that future technlgies will slve all f ur current prblems. This definitin reinfrces (强化) the idea that there’s n reasn t panic r change ur current energy-intensive lifestyle. All sciety needs t d is lk t green technlgy t wrk its magic.(当谈到确保我们未来的解决方案时，技术乐观主义是最大的误解之一。它可以被定义为相信未来的技术将解决我们当前的所有问题。这个定义强化了这样一种观点，即没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式。社会所需要做的就是期待绿色技术发挥其魔力)”可知，上文提到了“没有理由恐慌或改变我们当前的能源密集型生活方式”这种观点，由此推知，下文应对这种观点进行评价。E项“Unfrtunately, this is an incredibly dangerus pinin t hld.(不幸的是，这是一个极其危险的观点)”符合题意。故选E。
88．根据上文“One f the best examples f this ptimistic miscnceptin is the electric car. Despite being highly regarded as an ec-friendly way t get arund, electric cars are nt the end fr the future f transprt. Batteries in electric cars use chemical elements which we culd be seeing a shrtage f by the midcentury.(电动汽车就是这种乐观误解的最好例子之一。尽管电动汽车被高度认为是一种环保的出行方式，但它并不是未来交通的终点。电动汽车中的电池使用的化学元素到本世纪中叶可能会出现短缺)”可知，上文提到了电动汽车的弊端。结合本段主要谈论“乐观误解”推知，空处应继续对电动汽车的弊端进行陈述。C项“Mrever, they are mre energy intensive t prduce.(此外，它们的生产更耗能)”符合题意。故选C。
89．空处位于段首，应为本段主旨句或引出本段内容。根据下文“Investing in public transprtatin and mving away frm individually wned vehicles. Prducing fewer cars, Imprving recycling practices f ld batteries. The slutins we seek shuld nt be rted in new technlgy, but be abut changing the way ur sciety functins.(投资公共交通，远离个人拥有的车辆。生产更少的汽车，改善旧电池的回收利用做法。我们寻求的解决方案不应该植根于新技术，而应该改变我们社会的运作方式)”可知，作者认为我们应该改变社会的运作方式，这才是解决气候问题的办法。A项“S where shuld we lk fr answers instead?(那么，我们应该在哪里寻找答案呢？)”符合题意，引出本段内容，下文是对该问题的回答。故选A。
90．根据上文“Techn-ptimism puts t much emphasis n technlgy and nt enugh n what we can d right this minute. Unfrtunately, peple seem t like the picture that techn-ptimism paints.(技术乐观主义过于强调技术，而对我们现在能做的事情却不够重视。不幸的是，人们似乎喜欢技术乐观主义所描绘的画面)”和下文“It is imprtant t understand that the prblem begins when we see thse technlgies as a way t make ur current lifestyles ec-friendly. (重要的是要理解，当我们将这些技术视为使我们当前的生活方式环保的一种方式时，问题就开始了)”可知，人们似乎更喜欢依靠技术解决问题，当我们把技术视为当前的环保生活方式时，问题就开始了。由此可知，要解决气候问题，不能只依靠技术，关键是要从很大程度上改变我们的生活方式。G项“Nevertheless, the truth is, we need a widespread change in ur lifestyles.(然而，事实是，我们需要广泛改变我们的生活方式)”符合题意。故选G。
【19】（2023·北京西城·统考一模）
Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. 91 Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence.
New research suggests yung children dn’t seek help in schl, even when they need it, fr the same reasn. Until recently, psychlgists assumed that children did nt start t care abut their reputatin and their friends’ thughts abut them until arund age nine.
But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. 92
T learn mre abut hw children think abut reputatin, we created simple stries and then asked children questins abut these situatins t allw kids t shwcase their thinking.
Acrss several studies, we asked 576 children, ages fur t nine, t predict the behavir f tw kids in a stry. One f the characters genuinely wanted t be smart, and the ther merely wanted t seem smart t thers. In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. 93 The fur-year-lds were equally likely t chse either f the tw kids as the ne wh wuld seek help. But by age seven r eight, children thught that the kid wh wanted t seem smart wuld be less likely t ask fr assistance. And children’s expectatins were truly “reputatinal” in nature-they were specifically thinking abut hw the characters wuld act in frnt f thers. When assistance culd be sught privately (n a cmputer rather than in persn), children thught bth characters were equally likely t ask fr it.
94 Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. 95 Parents culd pint ut hw a child’s questin kicked ff a valuable cnversatin in which the entire family gt t talk and learn tgether. Adults culd praise kids fr seeking assistance. These respnses send a strng signal that ther peple value a willingness t ask fr aid and that seeking help is part f a path t success.
A．Kids culd be afraid t ask their parents fr help.
B．Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable.
C．In anther study we tld them that nly ne kid did prly.
D．Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins.
E．The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst.
F．But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer.
G．We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help.
【答案】91．E 92．F 93．G 94．D 95．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。
91．上文“Adults are ften embarrassed abut asking fr aid. It’s an act that can make peple feel emtinally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like yu are bradcasting yur incmpetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The mment yu ask fr directins, after all, yu reveal that yu are lst. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。
92．上文“But ur research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin t cnnect asking fr help with lking incmpetent in frnt f thers. At sme pint, every child struggles in the classrm. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid t ask fr help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。
93．上文“In ne study, we tld children that bth kids did prly n a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which f these characters wuld be mre likely t raise their hand in frnt f their class t ask the teacher fr help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。
94．下文“Teachers culd give children mre pprtunities t seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputatinal barriers likely require reputatin-based slutins. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。
95．上文“They shuld als help students realize asking questins in frnt f thers as nrmal, psitive behavir. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help culd even be taught as scially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。
【20】（2023·北京朝阳·统考一模）
Once upn a time, we were all questin-asking experts. We started asking ur parents numerus questins as kids. By preschl, ur inquiries even reached the depths f science, philsphy, and the scial rder. Where des the sun g at night? Why desn’t that man have a hme like we d? Why d rcks sink but ice flats? 96
Why des the child’s urge t ask questins grw inactive in s many adults? An imprtant factr is hw the scial envirnments surrunding us change as we age. Schls transfrm frm a place fr asking questins t ne funded by ur ability t answer them. 97 And we recgnize that sciety rewards the peple wh prpse t have the answers.
98 We can be braver abut asking questins in public and encuraging thers t pursue their curisity, t. In that encuragement, we help create an envirnment where thse arund us feel safe t ask questins.
When it cmes t hw we phrase questins, we are advised t pen with less sensitive questins, favr fllw-up questins, and keep questins pen-ended. We can als practice asking questins f and fr urselves by keeping a running list f questins in a jurnal. 99 Finally, we culd set aside time t ask absurd questins like “Hw wuld yu accmplish a week’s wrk in tw hurs?” This type f questins frces us t break the bundaries f ur cmfrt zne.
In the wrld that des nt lk much as it did years ag, we must ask questins. 100 Great questins can pen up ur capacity t change because they allw us t draw peple in, pening them up t sharing knwledge, ideas, and pinins. And they are als ur primary means f learning abut the wrld. In shrt, asking questins is the best way t deepen ur understanding f the things that matter t ur life. As any child culd prbably tell us if we asked.
A．Then, at sme pint, ur inquiring desires disappear.
B．It is a high-payff behavir especially in times f change.
C．The questins we ask depend n ur attitudes as well as the situatins.
D．But as we grw up, asking questins fills us with wrry and self-dubt.
E．As such, ne way t renew ur inquiring spirit is t change the atmsphere.
F．We learn t sell urselves n the jb market by what we knw, nt what we dn’t.
G．It nt nly remves the publicity frm questin asking, but ffers us a place t experiment.
【答案】96．A 97．F 98．E 99．G 100．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着年龄的增长我们问问题的欲望不断减少的原因和和应对策略。
96．上文“Once upn a time, we were all questin-asking experts.(曾几何时，我们都是提问专家。)”提到了曾经的我们都爱问问题，并列举了一系列曾经问过的问题。下文“Why des the child’s urge t ask questins grw inactive in s many adults?(为什么在许多成年人身上，孩子问问题的冲动变得不活跃了?)”提到了现在情况发生了转折，A选项中inquiring与上文的问题呼应，dispear与下文的inactive呼应，所以A选项“然后，在某个时刻，我们的探究欲望消失了。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
97．下文“And we recgnize that sciety rewards the peple wh prpse t have the answers.(我们认识到，社会会奖励那些提出答案的人。)”提到了那些提出答案的人，F选项中what we knw与下文那些提出答案的人呼应，所以F选项“我们学会在就业市场上用我们知道的东西来推销自己，而不是我们不知道的东西。”能引起下文内容，符合语境。故选F项。
98．下文“We can be braver abut asking questins in public and encuraging thers t pursue their curisity, t. In that encuragement, we help create an envirnment where thse arund us feel safe t ask questins.(我们可以更勇敢地在公共场合提问，也可以鼓励其他人追求自己的好奇心。在这种鼓励下，我们帮助创造一种环境，让我们周围的人可以放心地提出问题。)”提到了创造提问的环境，E选项中atmsphere是关键词，与下文的envirnment相呼应，所以E选项“As such, ne way t renew ur inquiring spirit is t change the atmsphere(因此，要恢复我们的探究精神，一个方法就是改变氛围)”能概括下文内容。故选E项。
99．上文“We can als practice asking questins f and fr urselves by keeping a running list f questins in a jurnal.(我们也可以通过在日记中记录问题列表来练习问自己问题。)”提到了通过日记记录问题，G选项中a place是关键词语上文的jurnal呼应，所以G选项“这不仅消除了提问的公共性，还为我们提供了一个实验的场所。”能承接上文内容，符合语境。故选G项。
100．上文“In the wrld that des nt lk much as it did years ag, we must ask questins.(在这个与多年前大不相同的世界里，我们必须提出问题。)”提到了世界的变化，B选项中change是关键词与上文呼应，所以B选项“这是一种高回报的行为，尤其是在变革时期。”能呼应上文内容。故选B项。
2015-2023年北京卷七选五考情统计
年份
体裁
类别
主题
段首
段中
段尾
字数
2023年
说明文
人与社会
如何选择大学的建议
1
3
1
264+76
2022年
说明文
人与自我
健身与健康的关系
1
4
0
225+81
2021年
说明文
人与自我
音乐对身体诸多好处
1
3
1
246+93
2020年
说明文
人与自我
积极思维带来诸多益处
1
3
1
301+84
2019年
议论文
人与社会
一流球队需要平衡球员
2
2
1
319+83
2018年
说明文
人与自我
人生气三大原因及预防
2
3
0
250+129
2017年
说明文
人与自然
人和动物睡眠重要性
0
3
2
225+100
2016年
说明文
人与社会
人喜欢冒险来源和依据
1
3
1
276+95
2015年
说明文
人与自我
白日做梦原理及调控
0
5
0
243+107