新高考英语一轮复习讲义 必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 提能-2024届新高考英语一轮复习教材为本夯基提能(译林版2020)

这是一份新高考英语一轮复习讲义 必修三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 提能-2024届新高考英语一轮复习教材为本夯基提能(译林版2020)，文件包含新高考英语一轮复习讲义必修三Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld提能-2024届新高考英语一轮复习教材为本夯基提能译林版2020原卷docx、新高考英语一轮复习讲义必修三Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld提能-2024届新高考英语一轮复习教材为本夯基提能译林版2020解析docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共49页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词的完全形式)
1.During t________, static ________(电)in the cluds builds up, eventually bursting int ________(闪电).
【答案】thunderstrm, electricity, lightning
【句意】雷雨期间，云层中的静电聚积起来，最终形成闪电。
2.Lead was ne f the ________(金属)knwn t the ancient wrld.
【答案】metals
【句意】铅是早在古代就已知的金属之一。
3.Yur actins ften ________(否定)yur principles.
【答案】negate
【句意】你们的行为时常与你们所信奉的原则背道而弛。
4.Many yung peple have their eyes glued t the screen all day lng watching vides n TikTk, cmpletely ________(忽视) the impact f ________(电子的)devices have n their health.
【答案】ignring, electrnic
【句意】很多年轻人整天盯着屏幕看TikTk上的视频，完全忽视了电子设备对健康的影响。
5.Our cuntry has ________(充足)f natural resurces.
【答案】sufficiency
【句意】我国自然资源充足。
6.Cpper is a gd medium fr the ________(传导)f heat and electricity.
【答案】cnductin
【句意】铜是热和电的良导体。
7.They thught that he had acted irrespnsibly________(不负责任地).
【答案】irrespnsibly
【句意】他们认为他的行为是不负责任的。
8.The agency said it had becme cncerned at the weak recvery and an ________(不足的)imprvement in the public finances.
【答案】insufficient
【句意】该机构表示，它对复苏乏力和公共财政改善不足感到担忧。
9.T reslve the cnflict between ________(数据)and ________(理论), a ________(科学家)ften has t think utside the bx and apprach the prblem frm different angles.
【答案】data, thery, scientist
【句意】为了解决数据和理论之间的冲突，科学家往往必须跳出固有思维模式，从不同的角度处理问题。
10.It’s a traditin that, at the wedding ceremny, the hands f the bride and grm wuld be tied tgether with a length f ________(丝带)t symblize that their lives were fastened tgether permanently.
【答案】ribbn
【句意】这是一个传统，在婚礼上，新娘和新郎的手会用一根丝带系在一起，象征他们的生活永远地绑在一起。
11.Many cuntries, including the United States and Japan, have been c________ research n cmbustible ice, but ________(提取)it frm the bttm f the sea has been a cmmn prblem trubling all f them.
【答案】cnducting, extracting
【句意】许多国家，包括美国和日本，都在长期进行可燃冰研究，但从海底提取可燃冰—直是一个困扰所有国家的普遍问题。
12.The recent wave f ________(爆炸)has fcused public attentin n the area.
【答案】bmbing
【句意】最近的因爆炸引起的风波已经把公众的注意力集中在了这一地区。
13.Befre he ________(尝试)with three slutins t this prblem, he will fcus n his attentin n the e________ equipment.
【答案】experiments, experimental
【句意】在他尝试三种解决这个问题的方法之前，他将把注意力集中在实验设备上。
14.________(原子)energy was discvered in the twentieth century, but s far it has nt been widely used in
industry.
【答案】Atmic
【句意】原子能是在二十世纪被发现的，但至今还没有被广泛地应用于工业。
15.The prtectin f ________(智力)prperty rights has been a ht tpic in the past few years.
【答案】intellectual
【句意】知识产权保护一直是过去几年的热点话题。
16.China’s Silk Rad Ecnmic Belt, nce accmplished, will quicken the ecnmic grwth f the ________(省)alng the rute.
【答案】prvinces
【句意】中国的丝绸之路经济带一旦建成，将加快沿线省份的经济发展。
17.The plice chief std ________(审判)in New Yrk n Tuesday, ________ with abuse f pwer.
【答案】trial, charged
【句意】警察局长周二在纽约受审，被指控滥用职权。
18.They have decided t _________(推迟)_________(申请) fr that jb.
【答案】pstpne, applying
【句意】他们决定推迟申请那份工作。
19.Healthy lifestyle i________ keeping a balanced diet and getting i________ in wrkut n a regular basis.
【答案】invlves, invlved
【句意】健康的生活方式包括保持均衡的饮食和定期参加锻炼。
20.He had been turned dwn by several p________ befre he finally gt his first bk p________.
【答案】publishers, published
【句意】他的第一本书终于出版了，但之前遭到了几家出版商的拒绝。
21.Only when yu have btained s________ ________(数据)can yu cme t a sund cnclusin.
【答案】sufficient, data
【句意】只有当你获得了足够的数据，你才能得出合理的结论。
22.If everyne can bserve traffic rules, car________(事故)and the lss f lives will be reduced.
【答案】accidents
【句意】如果每个人都能遵守交通规则，交通事故和生命损失将会减少。
23.He was c________ with abusing his psitin and a________(权力)by giving jbs t his friends.
【答案】charged, authrity
【句意】他被指控滥用职权为朋友提供工作。
24.When antibitics enter the bdy, they attack ________(细菌), either destrying them r making them unable t multiply.
【答案】bacteria
【句意】当抗生素进入人体时，它们会攻击细菌，要么摧毁它们，要么使它们无法繁殖。
25.In sme sense, years f ecnmic recessin remained an e________that tuched the whle natinal ecnmy．
【答案】evil
【句意】从某种意义上说，多年的经济衰退仍然是影响整个国家经济的祸根。
26.There are deep divisins amng the neighbrs ver hw t deal with the h________ garbage.
【答案】husehld
【句意】邻居们在如何处理生活垃圾的问题上存在严重分歧。
27.We are still dealing with prblems resulting frm e________ made in the past.
【答案】errrs
【句意】我们仍在处理由过去的错误引起的问题。
28.He is c________with inventing the first true helicpter.
【答案】credited
【句意】人们认为他发明了第一架真正的直升机。固定搭配be credited with表示“认为”符合句意，故填with。
29.The year 1949 witnessed the funding f the Peple’s R________ f China.
【答案】Republic
【句意】1949年见证了中华人民共和国的成立。
30.I am srry t tell yu that I a________brke the glass the ther day.
【答案】accidentally
【句意】很抱歉，我要告诉你前几天我不小心打破了这个玻璃杯。
二、词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)
1.The CEO annunced that he wuldn’t hire anyne wh used pr grammar. In fact, he required all ________
(apply)t take a grammar test befre mving frward.
【答案】applicants
【句意】首席执行官宣布他不会雇用任何语法错误的人。事实上，他要求所有申请者在入学前都要参加语法考试。
2.I think that the prhibitin f using plastic bags is ________(benefit)t the envirnment.
【答案】beneficial
【句意】我认为禁止使用塑料袋对环境有益。
3.It was s ht yesterday, but the ________ fan refused t wrk and we failed t find smene gd at ________ wrk.(electricity)
【答案】electric, electrical
【句意】昨天天气太热了，但电扇不肯工作，我们找不到一个擅长电气工作的人。
4.At age 12, Jane was diagnsed with a rare and ________(die)cancer, and was infrmed that high-risk surgery was her nly chance f getting better.
【答案】deadly
【句意】12岁时，简被诊断出患有一种罕见的致命癌症，并被告知高风险的手术是她康复的唯一机会。
5.Air pllutin has caused millins f ________(die)every year, which has becme a great cncern．
【答案】deaths
【句意】空气污染每年造成数以百万计的死亡，这已经引起了巨大的担忧。
6.I am terribly thirsty, and ________(die)fr a glass f water.
【答案】dying
【句意】我口渴得要命，我真想喝杯水。
7.The audience f 2,500 respnded t his ________(declare)with sustained and thunderus applause.
【答案】declaratin
【句意】2500名观众对他的声明报以持续而雷鸣般的掌声。
8.Perhaps ________(evlve)prvided human babies with curisity and a natural drive t explain their wrlds.
【答案】evlutin
【句意】也许进化给了人类婴儿好奇心和解释他们的世界的自然动力。
9.The current ________(plitics)climate f ur cuntry is ________(favur)fr freign investments.
【答案】plitical, favrable
【句意】我国当前的政治气候有利于外国投资。
10.There are few ccasins fr kids when they have the ________(free)t d what they want t d.
【答案】freedm
【句意】孩子们很少有机会自由地去做他们想做的事。
11.In recent years, the Everest Summit has witnessed many climbers trapped in the ________(die)zne abve
8, 000 metres, unable t mve ________(free)and dying frm lack f xygen.
【答案】death, freely
【句意】近年来，珠穆朗玛峰峰顶见证了许多登山者被困在8000米以上的死亡地带，无法自由行动，最终死于缺氧。
12.They fught a lng battle against prejudice and ________(ignre).
【答案】ignrance
【句意】他们与偏见和无知进行了长期的斗争。
13.There was an interesting ________(illustrate)in the bk that I was reading describing what his hmetwn
was like in his eyes.
【答案】illustratin
【句意】我正在读的书里有一个有趣的插图，描述了在他眼中家乡的样子。
14.There are sme ________(indicate) that the hurricane is ver.
【答案】indicatins
【句意】有迹象表明飓风已经结束。
15.Dn’t act like such a fl—use yur ________(intelligent).
【答案】intelligence
【句意】别表现得像个傻瓜，用用你的聪明才智。
16.The singer said that her ________(intend) f perfrming the sng was t share her lve fr music with her fans.
【答案】intentin
【句意】那位歌手说她演唱这首歌的目的是和粉丝分享她对音乐的热爱。
17.Althugh the fan is smewhat ________(limit)in its ________(apply), it is easy t perate and abve all it is fun.
【答案】limited, applicatins
【句意】虽然这款风扇在应用上有一定的局限性，但它操作简单，最重要的是它很有趣。
18.I knw it is imprtant t knw my wn ________, but what is difficult is t help thers t knw their wn ________.(limit)
【答案】limitatin, limitatins
【句意】我知道知道自己的局限性很重要，但是困难的是帮助其他人认识他们自己的局限性。
19.I had planned t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his ________(marry), but I culdn’t manage it.
【答案】marriage
【句意】我本来计划在Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
20.The famus pianist shuld be ashamed f his ________(mral)and illegal behavir.
【答案】immral
【句意】这位著名的钢琴家应该为他的不道德和违法行为感到羞耻。
21.A ________(mystery)is an accunt f the deeds f a gd r supernatural beings, usually expressed in terms f primitive thught.
【答案】myth
【句意】神话是对神或超自然生物的行为的描述，通常是用原始的想法表达。
22.Whever breaks the traffic regulatins will suffer severe punishment, regardless f his race, ________(natin)
r family backgrund.
【答案】natinality
【句意】无论谁违反交通规则都将受到严厉惩罚，无论其种族、国籍或家庭背景如何。
23.The music f Unfrgettable Tnight started t play, marking the end f the ________(natin)party.
【答案】natinal
【句意】《难忘的今夜》的音乐响起，标志着全国联欢晚会的结束。
24.There was ________(die)silence except fr the sund f ur hearts beating vilently.
【答案】dead
【句意】除了我们心脏猛烈的跳动声，四周一片死寂。
25.When yu meet her parents in America, avid any ________(refer)t her illness.
【答案】reference
【句意】当你在美国见到她的父母时，避免提及她的病情。
26.Accrding t the rules f the cmpany, thse wh are ________(respnsibility)fr the great lss f mney will have t make up fr it.
【答案】respnsible
【句意】根据公司的规定，那些对巨额资金损失负有责任的人必须进行补偿。
27.Building scialist harmnius sciety is in agreement with the target f building a well-ff sciety and the ________(science)develpment cncept.
【答案】scientific
【句意】构建社会主义和谐社会与全面建设小康社会的目标和科学发展观是一致的。
28.Twering ver the ________(surrund)buildings is the Jinma skyscraper, which reaches ver 600 meters in height, making it a landmark f Shanghai.
【答案】surrunding
【句意】金茂大厦高耸于周围建筑之上，高度超过600米，是上海的地标建筑。
29.We feel relaxed and cmfrtable in familiar ________(surrund), but we need t step ut f ur cmfrt zne t make mre prgress.
【答案】surrundings
【句意】我们在熟悉的环境中感到放松和舒适，但我们需要走出我们的舒适区，以取得更大的进步。
30.The little girl was the nly ________ in the strng earthquake. I think her ________ was a real wnder.
(survive)
【答案】survivr; survival
【句意】这个小女孩是强烈地震中唯一的幸存者。我觉得她能活下来真是个奇迹。
31.________(thery), there are many slutins t such a prblem, but it is nt easy t find ne easy t put int practice.
【答案】Theretically
【句意】从理论上讲，解决这一问题的办法有很多，但要找到一个容易付诸实践的办法是不容易的。
32.________(wise)and curage are what all need t make it thrugh cases f emergency.
【答案】Wisdm
【句意】智慧和勇气是所有人熬过紧急状况所需要的。
33.Learn t manage time ________(wise), and yu can make the mst ut f each day.
【答案】wisely
【句意】学会明智地管理时间，那么你可以充分利用每一天。
34.They haven’t given any ________(permit)t enter the lab since it was clsed.
【答案】permissin
【句意】自从实验室关闭以来，他们没有给予任何进入该实验室的许可。
35.Stephen Hawking is an internatinally-recgnized ________(thery)physicist, and is the Lucasian Prfessr f Mathematics at Cambridge University.
【答案】theretical
【句意】斯蒂芬·霍金是国际公认的理论物理学家，剑桥大学卢卡斯数学教授。
36.Technlgy, ________(brad), is a tl r set f tls aimed at making sme aspects f the life better and easier.
【答案】bradly
【句意】大体上，作为一种或一系列工具，技术旨在使人们生活的某些方面变得更好更舒适。
37.The reasn why I want t g abrad fr study is t ________(brad)my hrizn.
【答案】braden
【句意】我之所以想出国留学，是为了开阔我的视野。
38.This drink des nt ________ (cntainer)any alchl.
【答案】cntain
【句意】这种饮料不含任何酒精。
39.He claimed t knw f the existence f a ________(mystery)cuntry called Sugarcandy Muntain.
【答案】mysterius
【句意】他声称知道有一个叫“糖果山”的神秘国度存在。
40.The ________(plitics)says that histry is a mirrr that truly reflects human prgress.
【答案】plitician
【句意】那位政治家说历史是一面真实反映人类进步的镜子。
41.Teaching activities in the classrm is a cmplicated, ________(intelligence)and physically demanding task.
【答案】intellectually
【句意】课堂教学活动是一项复杂的智力和体力要求严苛的任务。
42.In yur life,yu will be hurt by thers;smetimes ________, smetimes ________. (intend).
【答案】intentinally, unintentinally
【句意】在你的一生中，你会被别人伤害，有时是有意的，有时是无意的。
43.A ________(limit)factr is ne which stands in the way f accmplishment f a desired bjective.
【答案】limiting
【句意】限制因素是达成期望目标的障碍。
44.It is believed that the technlgy culd pen up ________(limit)space explratin.
【答案】limitless
【句意】人们相信这项技术可以开辟无限的太空探索。
45.The client seemed unsatisfied with the ________(pstpne)f the delivery.
【答案】pstpnement
【句意】该顾客似乎对于送货时间延期很不满意。
46.My ________(favur)writer is J.K Rwling, mst f whse bks have been adapted fr films.
【答案】favrite
【句意】我最喜欢的作家是 J.K Rwling，她的大部分书都被改编成了电影。
47.He may be ________(charge)with a fault r neglect.
【答案】charged/chargeable
【句意】他可能因过失或疏忽而被控告。
48.There was a grwing anxiety abut sme western cuntries’ increasing ________(invlve)in the war between Russia and Ukraine.
【答案】invlvement
【句意】人们越来越担心一些西方国家越来越多地卷入俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的战争。
49.The planning fr this upgrade is quite ________(invlve)which will take a few mnths.
【答案】invlved
【句意】这次升级的计划相当复杂，需要几个月的时间。
50. ________(plitics)and ecnmically this is an extremely difficult questin.
【答案】Plitically
【句意】从政治和经济角度来看，这是一个极为棘手的问题。
51.S that’s part f the dark side f the technlgy, even fr peple wh use it fr its ________(intend)purpse.
【答案】intended
【句意】所以这是这项技术的阴暗面，即使对那些将其用于预期目的的人来说也是如此。
52.Peple’s health is the fundatin f a civilizatin’s prgress and an imprtant ________(indicate)f a natin’s prsperity.
【答案】indicatr
【句意】人民的健康是文明进步的基础和一个民族繁荣的重要指标。
53.He wasn’t asked t take n the chairmanship f the sciety, being cnsidered ________(sufficient)ppular with all members.
【答案】insufficiently
【句意】由于他在所有社团成员中(一直被认为)不具备足够的受欢迎程度，他没有被要求担任这个社团的主席。
54.Once attached t the rail, the car will becme ________(electric)pwered frm the system, and cntrl f the vehicle will pass t a central cmputer.
【答案】electrically
【句意】一旦连接到轨道上，汽车将由系统提供电力，且车辆的控制将传递给中央计算机。
55.Gd emtins cntributes t gd health, which has been cnfirmed ________(scientific).
【答案】scientifically
【句意】良好的情绪有助于身体健康，这已被科学证实。
56.There is nthing________(mral) abut getting mre wealth in a legal way.
【答案】immral
【句意】以合法的方式获得更多的财富并没有什么不道德的。
57.He felt________(mral) respnsible fr the accident.
【答案】mrally
【句意】他觉得对那次事故负有道义上的责任。
58.As a matter f fact, all peple, whether they are yung r ld, are required t be citizens f high ideals, strict discipline, gd educatin and cmmunist________(mral).
【答案】mrality
【句意】事实上，所有的人，无论老少，都要求做有理想、有纪律、接受良好教育和有共产主义道德观的公民。
59.The reasn why he was fired was that he was careless and ________(respnsible).
【答案】irrespnsible
【句意】他被解雇的原因是他粗心大意，不负责任。
60.The drivers and ________(cnduct)gave him a warm welcme n his arrival.
【答案】cnductrs
【句意】他一到达，司机和列车员们就给了他热烈的欢迎。
三、短语填空(填上恰当的词，每空一词，并将英语句子译成汉语)
1.I’m sure he wn’t let me _______; he’s always reliable.
【答案】dwn
【句意】我相信他不会让我失望的；他总是可靠的。
2.Hwever difficult life is, we must believe in urselves and effrts must pay _______ ne day.
【答案】ff
【句意】无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。
3.Taylr said: “child as she is, Kate shuld put ________ the mst difficult questin fr us t answer.”
【答案】frward
【句意】泰勒说：“虽然凯特还是个孩子，但她居然提出我们最难回答的问题。”
4.It can be hard fr yu t imagine what truble I have had dealing with the prblems _______ t in the meeting held last week.
【答案】referred
【句意】你可能很难想象我在处理上周会议上提到的问题时遇到了什么麻烦。
5.The art festival is an annual event where the students can shw _______ their talents.
【答案】ff
【句意】艺术节是一个一年一度的节日，同学们都在艺术节上施展才艺。
6.Obviusly, a gd habit can help us t speed ______ t reach ur destinatins.
【答案】up
【句意】显而易见，一个好习惯能帮助我们加速到达目的地。
7.The retired bxer came back _______ a bang.
【答案】with
【句意】这位退役拳击手风风火火地东山再起了。
8._______ t recent advances in technlgy, hw we make friends and cmmunicate with them has changed dramatically.
【答案】Thanks
【句意】由于最近技术的进步，我们交朋友和与他们交流的方式发生了巨大的变化。
9.Drawing _______ his wn experiences, Ca Xueqin shws what life was like at that time in detail in A Dream f Red Mansins.
【答案】n
【句意】曹雪芹利用自己的亲身经历，在《红楼梦》中详细地展现了当时的生活。
10.These circumstances determined him t give _______ the study f medicine.
【答案】up
【句意】这些情况使他决定放弃学医。
11.Everyne rushed ut f the building when the fire alarm went ______, nly t be infrmed it was a practical jke.
【答案】ff
【句意】火警警报一响，大家都冲出大楼，却被告知那是个恶作剧。
12.When yu g _______ tugh times, yu need thers.
【答案】thrugh
【句意】当你经历困难的时候，你需要别人。
13.He seemed t take _______ fr granted that he shuld speak as a representative.
【答案】it
【句意】他似乎理所当然地认为他应该作为代表发言。
14.Small sailbats can easily turn _______ in the water unless they are carefully managed.
【答案】ver
【句意】小帆船在水中很容易翻，除非小心驾驶。
15.In cnclusin,when making travel plans, wrk _______ the maximum amunt yu can affrd t spend.
【答案】ut
【句意】总之，在制定旅行计划时，算出你能支付的最大金额。
16.Nt _______ accident, she deliberately brke that beautiful vase.
【答案】by
【句意】不是偶然的，她故意打碎了那个漂亮的花瓶。
17.Far _______ charging cnsumers high prices, many f these services are free(users pay, in effect, by handing ver yet mre data).
【答案】frm
【句意】这些服务非但没有向消费者收取高昂的费用，反而有许多是免费的(实际上，用户是通过交出更多的数据来支付的)。
18.Only _______ trial and errr can yu learn the best way t express yur thughts.
【答案】thrugh
【句意】只有经过反复试验，你才能学会表达自己想法的最佳方式。
19.As _______ that technical prblem, I will explain it t yu in detail later.
【答案】t
【句意】至于那个技术问题，我以后再给你们详细解释。
20.They think it very imprtant t learn English well, s they make gd _______ f their spare time t study it hard.
【答案】use
【句意】他们认为学好英语非常重要，因此他们充分利用空余时间努力学习英语。
四、经典句型仿写(根据汉语句子完成英语句子)
1.直到天黑，他才意识到回到营地太晚了。
_______________________ he realized it was t late t return t the camp.
【答案】It was nt until darkthat
2.到了家我才发现我的钱包不见了。
__________________________ I fund I had missed my wallet.
【答案】It was nt until I gt hmethat
3.直到我开始工作，我才认识到我已浪费了多少时间。
_______________ hw much time I had wasted __________________.
_______________________ hw much time I had wasted.
【答案】I didn’t realize, until I began t wrk that I realized
Nt until I began t wrk did I realize/It was nt until I began t wrk that I realized
4.他是2021年大学毕业后才回到他家乡的。
______________________ he graduated frm the university _____________________________.
【答案】It was nt until 2021 when, that he returned t his hmetwn
5.当我是你这个年龄的时候，我就去打仗了。
When I _______________, I entered the war.
【答案】was f yur age
6.它们的重量一样，但形状不一样。
They ___________________, but they ____________________.
【答案】are f the same weight, are f the different shape
8.古代的人们认为太阳绕着地球转是理所当然的。
Peple in ancient times __________________the sun mved rund the earth.
【答案】tk it fr granted that
7.玛丽想当然地意为朋友们会赞成郊游的计划。她完全没有想过会有不同的想法。
________________________________________ f a field trip. She didn’t expect a different idea at all.
【答案】Mary tk it fr granted that her friends wuld apprve f the plan
8.如今，很多年轻人把父母的爱和奉献视作理所当然，不做任何事情来回报他们。
Nwadays, many f the yung ___________________________, ding nthing in return fr it.
【答案】take their parents’ lve and cntributin fr granted
9.在中国，儿女应该赡养父母这件事被认为是天经地义的。
________________________________ sns and daughters ught t supprt their parents.
【答案】It is taken fr granted in China that
10.一般来说，电是一种奢侈品，我们已经习以为常。
Generally speaking, electricity is _________________________________ .
【答案】a luxury that we’ve grwn t take fr granted
对接高考测一测
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Nbel Prize has been awarded t wmen 60 times between 1901 and 2022. These wmen have made utstanding cntributins t the wrlds f medicine, science, literature and s n. Here are fur f them.
Drthy Crwft Hdgkin
Award: Nbel Prize in Chemistry
Year: 1964
Drthy Hdgkin was a British chemist whse interest in research began when, as a child, she received a chemistry bk cntaining experiments with crystals. She studied at Oxfrd University and develped prtein crystallgraphy, which advanced the develpment f X-rays. This earned her the Nbel Prize.
Gertrude B. Elin
Award: Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine
Year: 1988
Gertrude Elin wn the Nbel Prize fr her discveries f imprtant principles fr drug treatment. Elin had watched her grandfather die f cancer, s she decided t fight the disease thrughut her life. Elin, tgether with Gerge Hitchings, with whm she shared the award, created a system fr drug prductin that relies heavily n bichemistry.
Tni Mrrisn
Award: Nbel Prize in Literature
Year: 1993
Tni Mrrisn, whse bk “Belved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Bk Award, was the first Black wman t ever receive the Nbel Prize in Literature. Brn in Ohi, Mrrisn was a writer whse wrks are mstly abut life in the Black cmmunity. She taught writing and served as an hnrary prfessr at Princetn University.
Esther Dufl
Award: Nbel Prize in Ecnmics
Year: 2019
Esther Dufl shared her prize with her research clleagues Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee, wh is her husband. Dufl has spent much f her career at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy, where she earned her dctrate degree in 1999. Dufl and her partners were awarded the Nbel Prize fr their apprach t fighting pverty arund the wrld.
21.What wn Drthy Crwft Hdgkin the Nbel Prize?
A. Her bk abut crystals.B. Her cntributin t X-ray develpment.
C. Her research n medicine.D. Her discvery f a new prtein crystal.
22.What d Tni Mrrisn's bks mainly fcus n?
A. Educatinal issues.B. Cmmunity service.C. Writing techniques.D. Black American's life.
23.What d Gertrude B. Elin and Esther Dufl have in cmmn?
A. They wn the Nbel Prize in the same year.
B. They devted themselves t fighting diseases.
C. They shared the Nbel Prize tgether with thers.
D. Their life experiences cmmitted them t their fields.
【语篇导读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍四名获得诺贝尔奖的女性。
21.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据Drthy Crwft Hdgkin部分中“She studied at Oxfrd University and develped prtein crystallgraphy, which advanced the develpment f X-rays. This earned her the Nbel Prize.(她在牛津大学学习，并发展了蛋白质晶体学，这推动了X射线的发展。这为她赢得了诺贝尔奖)”可知，对X射线发展的贡献让Drthy Crwft Hdgkin获得了诺贝尔奖，故选B。
22.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据Tni Mrrisn部分中“Tni Mrrisn, whse bk “Belved” earned her the Pulitzer Prize and the American Bk Award, was the first Black wman t ever receive the Nbel Prize in Literature. Brn in Ohi, Mrrisn was a writer whse wrks are mstly abut life in the Black cmmunity.( Tni Mrrisn是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性，她的作品《宠儿》为她赢得了普利策奖和美国图书奖。莫里森出生在俄亥俄州，是一位作家，他的作品主要是关于黑人社区的生活)”可知，Tni Mrrisn的书主要关注美国黑人的生活，故选D。
23.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Gertrude B. Elin部分中“Elin, tgether with Gerge Hitchings, with whm she shared the award, created a system fr drug prductin that relies heavily n bichemistry.( Elin与Gerge Hitchings共同创建了一个十分依赖生物化学的药物生产系统)”以及Esther Dufl部分中“Dufl and her partners were awarded the Nbel Prize fr their apprach t fighting pverty arund the wrld.(Dufl和她的合作伙伴因在世界各地消除贫困的方法而获得诺贝尔奖)”可知，Gertrude B. Elin和Esther Dufl的共同之处是她们与其他人一起分享了诺贝尔奖，故选C。
B
At 1:43 a.m. Octber 5, 2022, Stanfrd chemist Carlyn R. Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.” Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT. “He’s 91 and, f curse, he was just verjyed,” said Bertzzi.
Carlyn Bertzzi, brn Octber 10, 1966, Bstn, was awarded the Nbel Prize in chemistry fr her develpment f birthgnal reactins, which allw scientists t explre cells and track bilgical prcesses withut disturbing the nrmal chemistry f the cell. She shares the $10 millin Swedish krnr(abut $1 millin USD)prize equally with Mrten Meldal, prfessr at University f Cpenhagen and K. Barry Sharpless, prfessr at Scripps Research “fr the develpment f click chemistry and birthgnal chemistry.”
Carlyn received a bachelr’s degree in chemistry frm Harvard University in 1988 and a dctrate in the same subject frm the University f Califrnia, Berkeley in 1993. She was a pstdctral fellw at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, frm 1993 t 1995. She became an assistant prfessr at Berkeley in 1996 and a full prfessr f chemistry and mlecular and cell bilgy in 2002. She als held an appintment as a prfessr f mlecular and cellular pharmaclgy frm 2000 t 2002 at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc. In 2015 she became a prfessr f chemistry at Stanfrd University.
“I culd nt be mre delighted that Carlyn Bertzzi has wn the Nbel Prize in chemistry,” said Stanfrd President Marc Tessier-Lavigne. “In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Carlyn invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses, ne that has helped scientists arund the wrld gain a deeper understanding f chemical reactins in living systems. Her wrk has had remarkable real-wrld impact, prviding new diagnstic and therapeutic appraches t treat disease. Carlyn is s deserving f this hnr, and all f us at Stanfrd are t prud t call her ne f ur wn.”
Carlyn’s birthgnal reactins have been used t study hw cells build prteins and ther mlecules, t develp new cancer medicines, and t prduce new materials fr energy strage, amng many ther applicatins.
24.Why des the authr mentin the phne call Carlyn received in Paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the backgrund infrmatin f Carlyn.
B. T reveal a cnversatin between tw scientists.
C. T aruse the readers’ interest in the passage.
D. T shw the urgency abut the infrmatin.
25.What can we learn abut Carlyn frm paragraphs 2 and 3?
A. Her educatin and success.B. Her delight and pride.
C. Her kindness and devtin.D. Her dream and ambitin.
26.What can we infer frm Marc Tessier-Lavigne’s wrds?
A. He wants t cperate with Carlyn.B. Carlyn has fund a new cure fr cancer.
C. He benefits greatly frm Carlyn’s findings.D. Carlyn’s findings are f great significance.
27.What is the text?
A. A prfile.B. A news reprt.C. A jurnal.D. A bk review.
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学化学家Carlyn R. Bertzzi在化学方面的成就以及其受教育情况。
24.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“At 1:43 a.m. Octber 5, 2022, Stanfrd chemist Carlyn R. Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.” Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT.(凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福大学化学家Carlyn R. Bertzzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。”贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退休物理学教授)可知电话时间、内容与来电者都可以激发读者兴趣，故选C项。
25.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Carlyn Bertzzi, brn Octber 10, 1966, Bstn, was awarded the Nbel Prize in chemistry fr her develpment f birthgnal reactins, which allw scientists t explre cells and track bilgical prcesses withut disturbing the nrmal chemistry f the cell.( Carlyn Bertzz，1966年10月10日出生于波士顿，因其生物正交反应的发展而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。生物正交反应使科学家能够在不干扰细胞正常化学反应的情况下探索细胞并跟踪生物过程)”以及文章第三段“Carlyn received a bachelr’s degree in chemistry frm Harvard University in 1988 and a dctrate in the same subject frm the University f Califrnia, Berkeley in 1993. She was a pstdctral fellw at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, frm 1993 t 1995. She became an assistant prfessr at Berkeley in 1996 and a full prfessr f chemistry and mlecular and cell bilgy in 2002. She als held an appintment as a prfessr f mlecular and cellular pharmaclgy frm 2000 t 2002 at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc. In 2015 she became a prfessr f chemistry at Stanfrd University.( Carlyn 1988年获得哈佛大学化学学士学位，1993年获得加州大学伯克利分校化学博士学位。1993年至1995年，她在加州大学旧金山分校做博士后。1996年，她成为伯克利大学的助理教授，2002年成为化学、分子和细胞生物学的正教授。2000年至2002年，她还在加州大学旧金山分校担任分子和细胞药理学教授。2015年，她成为斯坦福大学的化学教授)”可知文章第二段主要介绍了Carlyn在化学方面的贡献，第三段主要介绍了她的教育与学历的情况，所以从文章的二三段中我们可以了解到Carlyn的有关教育和成功的情况，故选A项。
26.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““In pineering the field f birthgnal chemistry, Carlyn invented a new way f studying bimlecular prcesses, ne that has helped scientists arund the wrld gain a deeper understanding f chemical reactins in living systems. Her wrk has had remarkable real-wrld impact, prviding new diagnstic and therapeutic appraches t treat disease. Carlyn is s deserving f this hnr, and all f us at Stanfrd are t prud t call her ne f ur wn.”(“在开创生物正交化学领域时，Carlyn发明了一种研究生物分子过程的新方法，这种方法帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解。她的工作产生了显著的现实影响，为治疗疾病提供了新的诊断和治疗方法。Carlyn是当之无愧的，我们斯坦福的所有人都为她感到骄傲，以至于称她为自己人。”)”可知Carlyn的发现帮助世界各地的科学家对生命系统中的化学反应有了更深入的了解，为治疗疾病提供了新的诊断和治疗方法，所以从Marc Tessier-Lavigne的话中我们可以推出Carlyn的发现意义重大，故选D项。
27.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段“At 1:43 a.m. Octber 5, 2022, Stanfrd chemist Carlyn R. Bertzzi was awakened by a phne call frm a Nbel cmmittee representative wh tld her, “Yu have 50 minutes t cllect yurself and wait until yur life changes.” Instructed nt t share the annuncement utside f her tightest inner circle, the first persn Bertzzi called was her father, a retired physics prfessr frm MIT.(凌晨1点43分。2022年10月5日，斯坦福大学化学家Carlyn R. Bertzzi被诺贝尔委员会代表的电话吵醒，电话告诉她：“你有50分钟的时间整理自己，等待你的生活发生改变。”贝尔托兹被告知不要向她最亲密的小圈子以外的人透露这一消息，于是打电话给的第一个人是她的父亲，一位麻省理工学院的退休物理学教授)”总的概括全文内容，文章二、三段主要介绍的是Carlyn的化学成就以及其受教育的情况，文章最后两段主要介绍Carlyn发现的重大意义以及具体应用，由此可见，文章主要介绍了Carlyn获得诺贝尔化学奖这一事件的始末及其后续影响，因此为新闻报道，故选B项。
C
The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine was awarded t Sweden-brn geneticist Svante Pääb, recgnizing him fr discveries related t the genmes(基因组)f extinct human grups that cast light n the genetic characteristics unique t present-day humans. The cmmittee said Dr. Pääb vercame challenges in recvering and analyzing ancient DNA t sequence(测序)the genme f the Neanderthal, an extinct relative f present-day humans. He als discvered a previusly unknwn human relative, called the Denisva.
Befre Dr. Pääb’s research, understanding f Neanderthals came frm analysis f the features f ancient bne remains and frm studies f tls and ther archaelgical artifacts(史前古器物). Dr. Pääb’s wrk made it pssible t precisely analyze the genetic characteristics f Neanderthals and helped illustrate hw different types f humans mixed n the planet during perids f cexistence. Dr. Pääb’s discveries have laid the grundwrk fr research n hw ancient gene sequences frm extinct relatives influence the functin f present-day humans. One example is a gene cmmn amng present-day Tibetans that makes thse peple better adapted t life at high altitude. It can be traced t the Denisvan genme.
Early in his career, Dr. Pääb became fcused n using advanced mdern genetic techniques t study the DNA f Neanderthals. But DNA degrades ver time meaning that, fr ancient specimens(样本), nly small amunts are left. When he wrked in the University f Munich, he successfully sequenced DNA frm a 40,000-year-ld piece f bne. The DNA in questin was s-called mitchndrial(线粒体的)DNA, a frm f genetic material that is shrter, but mre plentiful, than the extensive DNA fund in the center f a cell. He went n t help establish the Max Planck Institute in Germany, where his research grup cntinued t imprve thse methds with the aim f sequencing ever larger parts f an ancient genme. Thse effrts ended in 2010.
Arund the same time, the Max Planck grup discvered that a 40,000-year-ld finger bne fund in the Denisva cave in the suthern part f Siberia was unique when cmpared with all knwn sequences frm Neanderthals and present-day humans. It marked the first time that a new type f human had been identified using nly ancient DNA.
28.What is Paragraph 1 mainly abut?
A. Hw Dr. Pääb cnducted the research.B. What breakthrughs Dr. Pääb has made.
C. Hw the cmmittee cntacted Dr. Pääb.D. Why Dr. Pääb researched ancient genmes.
29.Hw is Dr. Pääb’s research different frm the previus?
A. Cmparing features f genes accurately.B. Illustrating different mixtures f bnes.
C. Cllecting many ancient bne remains.D. Distinguish all living humans at present.
30.What challenge did Dr. Pääb vercme during the prcess f research?
A. Cnsiderable specimens.B. Pr genetic techniques.
C. Different research grups.D. Limited DNA infrmatin.
31.What’s the pssible significance f Dr. Pääb’s discvery?
A. Analyzing why present-day humans are better adapted t life.
B. Identifying a new human kind by using mdern DNA specimens.
C. Prviding the basis fr explring gene sequences unique t humans.
D. Innvating the methd fr discvering mre extinct human relatives.
【语篇导读】本文是一则新闻报道。主要报道了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传学家Svante Pääb，表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现揭示了现代人类特有的遗传特征，为探索人类特有的基因序列提供了基础。。
28.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine was awarded t Sweden-brn geneticist Svante Pääb, recgnizing him fr discveries related t the genmes f extinct human grups that cast light n the genetic characteristics unique t present-day humans. The cmmittee said Dr. Pääb vercame challenges in recvering and analyzing ancient DNA t sequence the genme f the Neanderthal, an extinct relative f present-day humans. He als discvered a previusly unknwn human relative, called the Denisva.”(诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传学家Svante Pääb，表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现揭示了现代人类特有的遗传特征。委员会表示，Pääb博士克服了恢复和分析古代DNA的挑战，对现代人已灭绝的近亲尼安德特人的基因组进行了测序。他还发现了一个以前不为人知的人类亲属，叫做丹尼索瓦人)可知，第一段主要讲了Pääb博士取得了哪些突破，故选B项。
29.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Befre Dr. Pääb’s research, understanding f Neanderthals came frm analysis f the features f ancient bne remains and frm studies f tls and ther archaelgical artifacts. Dr. Pääb’s wrk made it pssible t precisely analyze the genetic characteristics f Neanderthals and helped illustrate hw different types f humans mixed n the planet during perids f cexistence.”(在Pääb博士的研究之前，对尼安德特人的了解来自于对古代骨骼遗迹特征的分析，以及对工具和其他考古文物的研究。Pääb博士的工作使精确分析尼安德特人的遗传特征成为可能，并有助于说明不同类型的人类在共存时期是如何在地球上混合的)可知，Pääb博士的研究与以往不同是他能准确比较基因特征，故选A项。
30.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Early in his career, Dr. Pääb became fcused n using advanced mdern genetic techniques t study the DNA f Neanderthals. But DNA degrades ver time meaning that, fr ancient specimens(样本), nly small amunts are left. When he wrked in the University f Munich, he successfully sequenced DNA frm a 40,000-year-ld piece f bne.”(在他职业生涯的早期，Pääb博士开始专注于使用先进的现代遗传技术来研究尼安德特人的DNA。但DNA会随着时间的推移而降解，这意味着，对于古代样本，只剩下少量的DNA)可推知，Pääb博士在研究过程中克服了有限的DNA信息的困难，故选D项。
31.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine was awarded t Sweden-brn geneticist Svante Pääb, recgnizing him fr discveries related t the genmes f extinct human grups that cast light n the genetic characteristics unique t present-day humans.”(诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予瑞典出生的遗传学家Svante Pääb，表彰他与已灭绝人类群体基因组有关的发现，这些发现揭示了现代人类特有的遗传特征)以及第二段中“Dr. Pääb’s discveries have laid the grundwrk fr research n hw ancient gene sequences frm extinct relatives influence the functin f present-day humans.”(Pääb博士的发现为研究来自已灭绝亲属的古老基因序列如何影响现代人类的功能奠定了基础)可推知，Pääb博士的发现为探索人类特有的基因序列提供了基础，故选C项。
D
The universe, with its cuntless stars and galaxies, can be visually impressive, especially when we use high-pwered telescpes t peer beynd the range f human visin. But what if we culd hear thse bjects as well? That may sund impssible at first—hw can sund travel thrugh the vacuum f space? Isn’t the universe silent?
Far frm it, says Kim Arcand, an expert n data visualizatin at the Smithsnian Astrphysical Observatry. Her team has fund ways t strengthen distant sund waves that wuld therwise be undetectable by human ears. They’ve als emplyed creative prcessing—taking visual data frm infrared and X-ray telescpes and assigning ntes t that data-t shw celestial(天体的)phenmena via sunds. These “snificatins”(可听化)prvide a new way fr peple t experience thse awe-inspiring bjects.
Arcand, wrking with clleagues at the Smithsnian, Harvard and NASA, tgether with a Canadian science utreach team called SYSTEM Sunds, has been making these custm-made audi tracks that bring celestial images t life. An bvius match-up is t pair brighter parts f an image with luder sunds r t present lnger wavelengths f light with lwer-pitched sunds, and shrter nes with higher-pitched. Nw, many f the tracks can be heard n YuTube, paired up with the images that inspired them, 16 f thse snificatins have been put int an album called Universal Harmnies, which will be available n CD and streaming platfrms beginning March 10.
Aside frm bringing science t a wider audience, Arcand als believes that snificatin can blster the science itself by allwing mre peple t cntribute t ur understanding f the universe. One f her gals, she says, is t shw that “peple wh are blind r lw-visin ... can als becme part f the scientific enterprise.”
Fr University f Trnt astrphysicist Matt Russ, wh runs SYSTEM Sunds tgether with musician Andrew Santaguida, snificatin has been a chance t bring tgether his tw great passins—astrnmy and music. It’s bth an art and a science. “It was just instantly bvius that it was fun and rewarding,” he says.
32.What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Patterns f sund waves.B. Advantages f visualizatin.
C. Prcesses f data analysis.D. Appraches t snificatins.
33.Hw did Arcand’s team turn the images f universe int sunds?
A. By uplading images nt streaming platfrms.
B. By pairing images with sunds thrugh creative technlgy.
C. By identifying and cnnecting different sund waves.
D. By prcessing audi data with the help f SYSTEM Sunds.
34.What des the underlined wrd “blster” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A. Supprt.B. Prve.C. Mirrr.D. Lead.
35.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Hw Des Sund Cme int Being?B. What Des the Universe Sund Like?
C. Universe: The Mystery UncveredD. SYSTEM Sunds: A Pineer in Space
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有无数恒星和星系的宇宙在视觉上给人留下了深刻的印象，尤其是当我们使用高倍望远镜观察人类视觉范围之外的事物时。但如果我们也能听到这些物体呢？史密森天体物理天文台的数据可视化专家金·阿坎德和她的团队采用了创造性的处理方法——从红外和X射线望远镜中获取视觉数据，并对这些数据进行注释——通过声音来展示天体现象。这些“声音”为人们体验这些令人敬畏的物体提供了一种新的方式。
32.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Far frm it, says Kim Arcand, an expert n data visualizatin at the Smithsnian Astrphysical Observatry. Her team has fund ways t strengthen distant sund waves that wuld therwise be undetectable by human ears. They’ve als emplyed creative prcessing — taking visual data frm infrared and X-ray telescpes and assigning ntes t that data-t shw celestial(天体的)phenmena via sunds. These “snificatins”(可听化)prvide a new way fr peple t experience thse awe-inspiring bjects.”(史密森天体物理天文台的数据可视化专家金·阿坎德说，事实远非如此。她的团队已经找到了增强人类耳朵无法探测到的远距离声波的方法。他们还采用了创造性的处理方法——从红外和x射线望远镜中获取视觉数据，并对这些数据进行注释——通过声音来展示天体现象。这些“声音”为人们体验这些令人敬畏的物体提供了一种新的方式)可知，第二段的主要讲的是可听化的方法，故选D项。
33.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“An bvius match-up is t pair brighter parts f an image with luder sunds r t present lnger wavelengths f light with lwer-pitched sunds, and shrter nes with higher-pitched.”(一种明显的匹配方法是将图像中较亮的部分与较响的声音配对，或者将波长较长的光与较低的声音配对，将波长较短的光与较高的声音配对)可知，阿坎德的团队通过创造性的技术将图像与声音配对将宇宙的图像转化为声音的，故选B项。
34.【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Aside frm bringing science t a wider audience,”(除了将科学带给更广泛的受众之外……)以及划线单词句中“…by allwing mre peple t cntribute t ur understanding f the universe.”(让更多的人为我们对宇宙的理解做出贡献)可推知，此处为声音化可以让更多的人为我们对宇宙的理解做出贡献，从而加强科学本身。故可猜测划线单词blster为“加强，支持”的意思，结合选项A项Supprt“支持”意思一致，故选A项。
35.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍史密森天体物理天文台的数据可视化专家金·阿坎德和她的团队采用了创造性的处理方法——从红外和X射线望远镜中获取视觉数据，并对这些数据进行注释——通过声音来展示天体现象。这些“声音”为人们体验这些令人敬畏的物体提供了一种新的方式。结合第一段中“But what if we culd hear thse bjects as well? That may sund impssible at first—hw can sund travel thrugh the vacuum f space? Isn’t the universe silent?”(但如果我们也能听到这些物体呢？这听起来似乎不可能——声音怎么能在真空的太空中传播呢？难道宇宙不是寂静的吗)可知，B项“宇宙的声音是怎样的？”适合作为本文的最佳标题，故选B项。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mdern life is evlving fast. Think abut hw much things have changed even in the last twenty years. ___36___ If anything, it’s increasing. Technlgy is augmenting(提高)human life in all kinds f ways.
___37___ Electric cars are the respnse t the pllutin f gas vehicles. Fr a lng time, electric vehicles were inaccessible. They were expensive and unattainable. Things have changed. Nw electric autmbiles are cheaper than ever. They are similarly priced as regular gas vehicles. ___38___ Mre are being installed n the streets and in parking lts. Sn electric cars will be as cmmn as gas vehicles. It is changing ur way f life by alleviating pllutin.
Virtual reality(VR)is a part f technlgical advance that will cntinue t change the way we live fr years t cme. VR will change entertainment. With a headset, yu dn’t just watch a vide. Yu are a part f it. Yu can experience things digitally. ___39___ Beynd entertainment, augmented reality(AR), when yu use the rganic envirnment with the technlgy, will facilitate medicine. Remte surgeries can be perfrmed with AR n the 5G Internet. These technlgies can als help terminal patients find a new state f mind. There is n shrtage f the number f ways that VR and AR will change the way we live.
Artificial intelligence(AI)uses machine learning t recgnize patterns, create algrithms and analyze data. AI can synthesize all the infrmatin available t it. AI can excel t the ptimal pint in effectiveness prductivity. It is used fr many different purpses. There is n end t hw AI will imprve human life. It isn’t just used t imprve scial media sites t shw cnsumers advertisements fr prducts they might want t buy. ___40___
A. This rate f change isn’t slwing dwn.
B. It can perfrm all kinds f tasks ut f thin air.
C. Furthermre, car charging statins are mre cmmn.
D. The way that we apprach mtr vehicles has changed.
E. The technlgy is already being applied in many ways.
F. Only time will tell if we can evlve with the technlgy.
G. It prvides immersin that is difficult t accmplish therwise.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代社会中改善人类生活的科技，包括电动汽车、虚拟现实、增强现实和人工智能。
36.【答案】A
【解析】根据前文“Mdern life is evlving fast. Think abut hw much things have changed even in the last twenty years.(现代生活日新月异。想想在过去的二十年里，事情发生了多大的变化)”和后文“If anything, it’s increasing.(如果有什么区别的话，那就是加快)”可知，本段在讨论现在社会变化的范围和速度，空处应该会说明变化的速度很快，和后文呼应。A项“这种变化的速度并没有放缓”符合语境，其中的“isn’t slwing dwn”和后文的“increasing”呼应，故选A。
37.【答案】D
【解析】根据后文“Electric cars are the respnse t the pllutin f gas vehicles. Fr a lng time, electric vehicles were inaccessible. They were expensive and unattainable. Things have changed.(电动汽车是对汽油车污染的回应。在很长一段时间里，电动汽车是不可使用的。它们既昂贵又难以实现。事情已经变了)”可知，本段讨论汽车方面的变化，空处需概括这一点，统领本段内容。D项“我们对待机动车辆的方式已经改变了”符合语境，其中的“changed”和后文的“changed”呼应，故选D。
38.【答案】C
【解析】根据前文“They are similarly priced as regular gas vehicles.(它们的价格与普通汽油车相似)”和后文“Mre are being installed n the streets and in parking lts.(街道上和停车场也建了更多)”可知，此处在介绍电动汽车的普及，空处需介绍和电动汽车相关的设施的普及，过渡到后文。C项“此外，汽车充电站也越来越普遍。”符合语境，后文的“mre”指其中的“car charging statins”，故选C。
39.【答案】G
【解析】根据前文“VR will change entertainment. With a headset, yu dn’t just watch a vide. Yu are a part f it. Yu can experience things digitally.(虚拟现实将改变娱乐。戴上耳机，你不仅仅是在看视频。你是其中的一部分。你可以数字化地体验事物)”可知，此处介绍虚拟现实的技术，空处会承接前文讨论虚拟现实带来的娱乐体验。G项“它提供了难以实现的沉浸感”符合语境，其中的“immersin”呼应前文的“Yu are a part f it.”，故选G。
40.【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“It isn’t just used t imprve scial media sites t shw cnsumers advertisements fr prducts they might want t buy.(它不仅用于改善社交媒体网站，向消费者展示他们可能想购买的产品的广告)”可知，此处介绍人工智能技术的用途，空处会承接前文进一步延伸人工智能的应用。B项“它可以从无到有地执行各种任务”符合语境，故选B。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As the Chinese saying ges, a seed can change the wrld; a variety can benefit a natin.
Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ___41___ 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth. The 50-year-ld, wh is called the “mther f wheat”, is a ___42___ at the Xiangyang Academy f Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research int new varieties requires strict standards and ___43___ experiments. “The first ___44___ is t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse. Then we try a hybrid cmbinatin,” Zhang explained. “After several generatins f ___45___ and selectin, and when characteristics remain stable, we ___46___ a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.” And after several mre runds f tests, a(n) ___47___ fr evaluatin and apprval can be made fr market prductin.
“Generally speaking, a gd new ___48___ shuld prduce high yields, have stable prductin, and ___49___ gd resistance t bad cnditins,” she added. “ ___50___, it als shuld be accepted by the market.”
Zhang added that the team ___51___ 70,000 t 80,000 seedlings(幼苗)each year. All year rund they were busy with ___52___ experiments n the grwth f the new seedlings and making recrds and analyses.
“Agricultural research wrk is ___53___ and cmplicated. Smetimes yur effrts d nt ___54___. All we can d then is think mre, discuss mre and find ___55___ n the land,” she said.
41.A. applyingB. cultivatingC. discussingD. bserving
42.A. jurnalistB. teacherC. researcherD. manager
43.A. preciseB. efficientC. standutD. sufficient
44.A. wayB. intentinC. stepD. questin
45.A. encuragementB. supprtC. managementD. trial
46.A. beginB. cntinueC. fllwD. repeat
47.A. practiceB. applicatinC. declaratinD. invitatin
48.A. envirnmentB. machineC. farmlandD. variety
49.A. prduceB. enhanceC. shwD. develp
50.A. BesidesB. HweverC. TherefreD. Otherwise
51.A. wateredB. bughtC. prtectedD. planted
52.A. invlvingB. designingC. cnductingD. studying
53.A. nrmalB. tughC. variedD. specific
54.A. end upB. run utC. break upD. pay ff
55.A. answersB. cmfrtC. dreamsD. curage
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的“小麦之母”张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
41.【答案】B
【解析】A. applying应用；B. cultivating培育；C. discussing讨论；D. bserving观察，遵循。根据“13 new varieties f wheat”可知，是培育小麦，故选B。
42.【答案】C
【解析】A. jurnalist记者；B. teacher教师；C. researcher研究者；D. manager经理。根据上文“wh has spent the last 26 years ... 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security”推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员，故选C。
43.【答案】A
【解析】A. precise精确的；B. efficient高效的；C. standut突出的；D. sufficient足够的，充足的。呼应“strict standards”此处指精确的实验，故选A。
44.【答案】C
【解析】A. way方法，道路；B. intentin企图；C. step步骤；D. questin问题。根据“t find suitable parental types fr a specific cultivatin purpse”和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步，故选C。
45.【答案】D
【解析】A. encuragement鼓励；B. supprt支持；C. management管理；D. trial审讯，试验。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过(植物)几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的，故选D。
46.【答案】A
【解析】A. begin开始；B. cntinue继续；C. fllw跟随；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和“a tw-year prcess f yield testing and disease identificatin.”可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定，故选A。
47.【答案】B
【解析】A. practice练习；B. applicatin应用，申请；C. declaratin宣布；D. invitatin邀请。根据“And after several mre runds f tests”可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估，故选B。
48.【答案】D
【解析】A. envirnment环境；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. variety种类。根据上文“Zhang Darng, wh has spent the last 26 years ... 13 new varieties f wheat and cntributing t natinal fd security, has dne bth.”可知，此处是指一个新的种类，故选D。
49.【答案】C
【解析】A. prduce生产，产生；B. enhance加强；C. shw表明，表现；D. develp发展。根据“gd resistance t bad cnditins”可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力，故选C。
50.【答案】A
【解析】A. Besides此外；B. Hwever然而；C. Therefre因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合语境可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意，故选A。
51.【答案】D
【解析】A. watered浇水；B. bught购买；C. prtected保护；D. planted种植。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及“70,000 t 80,000 seedlings(幼苗)each year.”可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗，故选D。
52.【答案】C
【解析】A. invlving牵涉；B. designing设计；C. cnducting进行；D. studying研究。根据“experiments n the grwth f the new seedlings”可知，此处是指进行实验，故选C。
53.【答案】B
【解析】A. nrmal正常的；B. tugh棘手的，艰难的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据“cmplicated”并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的，故选B。
54.【答案】D
【解析】A. end up结束；B. run ut用完；C. break up破裂；D. pay ff回报。根据上文“Agricultural research wrk is ... and cmplicated.”可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的，故选D。
55.【答案】A
【解析】A. answers答案；B. cmfrt安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. curage勇气。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合“think mre, discuss mre”可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种，故选A。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Driverless taxis are nw available fr hire in suburban Beijing, marking a new chapter in intelligent transprt.
This is the first time that a ___56___(full)autnmus grup f vehicles has gt ___57___(permit)t perate in a wrld-class city.
Previusly, rbtaxis ___58___(require)t have a human driver in case f an emergency. ___59___, the tw cmpanies will be allwed t perate rbtaxis with just the passengers inside.
The tw cmpanies, bth amng the leading players in China’s autnmus driving industry, have each put 10 autnmus vehicles in ___60___ 60-square-kilmeter area in Yizhuang, lcated in the suthern suburb f Beijing.
Baidu plans t expand ___61___(it)autnmus ride-hailing services t 65 cities in 2025 and 100 in 2030.
The market size fr China’s self-driving taxi service is expected t reach 1.3 trillin(188.6 billin U.S. dllars)by 2030, ___62___(accunt)fr 60 percent f the cuntry’s ride-hailing market at that time, accrding t ___63___(science)frecasts frm a glbal cmpany, IHS Markit.
The rbtaxi is als expected t pave the way ___64___ the develpment f private autnmus vehicles, ___65___ have the ptential t be a revlutinary technlgy capable f transfrming peple’s lives.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。无人驾驶出租车现在可以在北京郊区出租，这标志着智能交通的新篇章。
56.【答案】fully
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。句意：这是全自动驾驶汽车首次获准在世界级城市行驶。根据句意和所给形容词full以及空格后的形容词autnmus可知，空格处应该填入full的副词形式fully作状语，修饰后面的autnmus，故填fully。
57.【答案】permissin
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。句意：这是全自动驾驶汽车首次获准在世界级城市行驶。根据句意和所给动词permit以及空格前的动词gt可知，空格处应该填入permit的名词形式permissin作动词gt的宾语，故填permissin。
58.【答案】were required
【解析】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的previusly可知，句子应该用一般过去时；句子的主语rbtaxis与动词require之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态；rbtaxis是复数形式，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式，故填were required。句意：此前，机器人出租车被要求配备一名人类司机以防紧急情况。
59.【答案】Hwever
【解析】考查副词。根据上下文在逻辑上具有转折关系，故填Hwever。句意：然而，这两家公司将被允许运营只有乘客的无人驾驶出租车。
60.【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：这两家公司都是中国自动驾驶行业的领军企业，它们在位于北京南郊亦庄的60平方公里的区域内各投放了10辆自动驾驶汽车。根据句意和句中的单数可数名词area可知，空格处应该填入不定冠词，表示数量，60- square- kilmeter发音以辅音音素开头，需填不定冠词a，故填a。
61.【答案】its
【解析】考查词形转换(形容词性物主代词)。句意：百度计划在2025年将其自动驾驶网约车服务扩展到65个城市，到2030年将扩展到100个城市。根据句意和所给代词it以及空格后的名词services可知，空格处应该填入形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰后面的services，故填its。
62.【答案】accunting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据全球公司IHS Markit的科学预测，到2030年，中国自动驾驶出租车服务的市场规模预计将达到1.3万亿元(1886亿美元)，届时将占中国打车市场的60%。根据句意和所给动词accunt分析句子可知，空格处应该填入accunt的非谓语形式作状语，动词短语accunt fr和句子的主语the market size fr China’s self-driving taxi service之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词accunting作状语，故填accunting。
63.【答案】scientific
【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。句意：据全球公司IHS Markit的科学预测，到2030年，中国自动驾驶出租车服务的市场规模预计将达到1.3万亿元(1886亿美元)，届时将占中国打车市场的60%。根据句意和所给名词science以及空格后的名词frecasts可知，空格处应该填入science的形容词形式scientific作定语，修饰后面的frecasts，故填scientific。
64.【答案】fr
【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。句意：机器人出租车也有望为私人自动驾驶汽车的发展铺平道路，这有可能成为改变人们生活的革命性技术。根据句意和空格前的pave the way可知，空格处应该填入介词fr，构成短语pave the way fr(为……铺平道路)，故填fr。
65.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：机器人出租车也有望为私人自动驾驶汽车的发展铺平道路，这有可能成为改变人们生活的革命性技术。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词private autnmus vehicles进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以，空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替先行词private autnmus vehicles在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which，故填which。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文(满分15分)
假设你是李华。你们学校英语校报就科学家的成功品质出一期专栏，请你代表你们班给报社撰稿。
内容包括：1.什么品质促成了科学家的成功；
2.给出至少两个科学家的例子证明你的看法；
3.你对未来科学家的寄语。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Editr,
I am writing n behalf f my class t cntribute t the English schl newspaper n the tpic f successful
qualities f scientists. We believe that perseverance, creativity, and a thirst fr knwledge are key qualities that cntribute t scientists’ success.
Perseverance allws scientists t vercme challenges and bstacles they face in their research. Marie
Curie’s wrk with radiactive materials is a gd example f perseverance in the face f adversity. Creativity allws scientists t think utside the bx and cme up with innvative slutins. Thmas Edisn’s inventin f the light bulb is a great example f creative prblem-slving.
Our message t future scientists is t keep develping their curisity, persevere thrugh bstacles, and think creatively in their pursuit f scientific knwledge. Thank yu fr cnsidering ur cntributin t the schl newspaper.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Every night as the whle family fell asleep, Catalina wuld slide frm hme t the Cerr Tll bservatry (天文台). Papa was the mechanic(修理工)f the bservatry, but during the day Papa wuld nt allw her t get clser t the telescpes there. Only at night, Catalina was allwed in with the permissin f the night staff.
Catalina lved helping t service the grand telescpes, the eyes that lked ut int the universe. She wanted badly t be an astrnmer smeday. Adults never tk her dream seriusly. Even her father laughed, “Maybe yu’ll be hired t clean the ffices.”
One day in library, Catalina was reading a plant jurnal when she stpped at the picture f an unusual white flwer. “It’s called wild carrt. “ A Spanish astrnmer, wh she saw several times in the bservatry, std behind her. “Pretty, isn’t it? I’ve always liked that flwer, because it lks like a galaxy.”
“A spiral galaxy(漩涡星系),” she whispered. Blnd eyebrws climbed the scientist’s frehead. “Indeed. And what is yur name, yung lady?” he asked.
”I’m Catalina Slis.”
“Eduard Slis’s daughter? The mechanic?”
“Yes.” She gave a lk at him. “I want t be an astrnmer when I grw up.”
He laughed kindly, n lnger meeting her eyes, and patted her n the shulder. “Yes, f curse, my dear. Wrk hard in schl, and it culd happen.”
One evening, Catalina eye scanned the tp f the bservatry as usual. Suddenly she nticed the angle f the ne-meter telescpe was unusual. The telescpe was pinted dwn, lwer than she had ever seen it. Catalina learned frm I Papa hw dangerus it wuld be. If left like it was, the telescpe wuld mve past its limit and be damaged. S withut hesitatin she gt inside the bservatry.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
She saw the Spanish scientist buried in wrk there. _______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The scientist’s wrds meant a lt t her. ________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
She saw the Spanish scientist buried in wrk there. Catalina walked ver t him and greeted him with a smile.
T her surprise, he handed her a ntebk and asked, “Wuld yu like t help me recrd the data frm the telescpe?”Overwhelmed by excitement, Catalina ndded and began t assist the astrnmer. The night passed quickly as they wrked tgether, recrding and analyzing the bservatins. Catalina culdn’t believe that she was wrking with a real astrnmer, cntributing t the scientific research she had always dreamed f.
The scientist’s wrds meant a lt t her. “Wrk hard in schl, and it culd happen.” Catalina tk these wrds
t heart and wrked diligently every day. She was determined t becme an astrnmer ne day and nthing wuld stp her. Years passed, and after graduating frm cllege, Catalina applied fr a jb at the Cerr Tll bservatry. T her delight, she was hired as an assistant astrnmer, wrking alngside the same scientist wh had encuraged her all thse years ag. Finally, her childhd dream had becme a reality, and Catalina knew that nthing was impssible as lng as she kept chasing her dreams.