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北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT2 Section E课时学案含答案
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这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT2 Section E课时学案含答案，共18页。
Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2Ⅰ.基础词汇1．____________ n. 视野2．____________ n. 铜3．____________ n. 奖牌；勋章4．____________ n. 姿态；手势；姿势Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．cycle n．自行车→________ n．骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________ n．二轮自行车→________ n．三轮车2．amaze v. 使惊讶→________ adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的→________ n．惊奇；惊愕；惊诧3．sportsman n. 运动员→________ n．体育精神 →________ n．运动会4．respond v. 回答，答复→________ n．回答，答复Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)(A) 写出下列短语的汉意1．the final sprint ________________2．the main character ________________3．the finishing line ________________4．cheer on... ________________5．(be) ahead of ________________6．be amazed at ________________7．win the bronze medal ________________8．take advantage of sth. ________________(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 看得见2．________________ 加速3．________________ 追上，赶上4．________________ 获得第三名5．________________ 第三名►第一版块|重点单词诠释1)sight n．视野；视力；看见；景象；名胜(复数)vt.看见，发现) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前…… at first sight 乍一看；初次见到at the sight of 看到……catch sight of 看见，瞥见lose one's sight 失明lose sight of 看不见；忽略come into sight 进入视野in/within sight 在视野内，看得见out of sight 在视野外，看不见❶A train snaked into sight.一列火车蜿蜒曲折地驶进了视野。❷My sight is failing.我的视力正在下降。❸The sight of the garden brings back the days when we lived in Paris.见到那座花园使我们回想起住在巴黎时的日子。❹Hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in the city，在大街上晾衣服在这座城市是很常见的景象。❺We'd toured the sights of Paris.我们已游览了巴黎的名胜。❻We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes.我们看到他那奇怪的衣服笑了起来。❼Although he lost his sight, he did not lose his courage.虽然失明了，但他并没有失去勇气。❽I waited a whole hour before a bus finally came into sight.我等了整整一个小时，公共汽车才终于出现。❾The train is still in sight.还能看得见那列火车。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) We sighted land after at sea for ten days.我们在海上航行10天后看见了陆地。[易混比较] sight/view/scene/scenery表示“景色，风景”·sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色；也指人造景物或奇特的景色；·view普通用词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色；·scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可以是人工造成的；·scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①A broken small old grey stone bridge came ________ sight.②The theory is not as simple as you might think ________ first sight.③The place was so crowded; we soon lost sight ________ him.写出句中sight的词性及含义④Out of sight, out of mind.________⑤She felt sick at the sight of the dead rat.________⑥We were frightened at the terrible sight.________⑦All in all, not only can TV lead to poor sight but also TV occupies too much of children's time to play with others.________⑧The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border.________完成句子⑨Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they ____________________ (看到了) an old hikers' guide.⑩He turned to look back, but by then she was ________________ (看不见了) .2)overtake vt. & vi.超过，追上，赶上；突然发生，突然降临) (教材原句)Surely, he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.当然，他轻而易举就能超越埃斯特班，得第三名。overtake sb. 追上某人overtake sth. 超过某物be overtaken by 被……超过；遭到……的袭击some changes overtake suddenly 突然发生一些变化overtake a car 超车❶It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.转弯时超车很危险。❷I had to walk fast to overtake you.我不得不快走才能赶上你。❸Some changes have overtaken our university recently.近来我们大学突然发生了一些变化。❹The film star was overtaken by another trouble.那位影星又遇上了别的麻烦。[拓展] “副词＋动词”构成的复合动词还有：downfall 垮台，衰落overthrow 打倒，推翻undergo 遭受，经历download 下载[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I was riding my bicycle along the road when a car ________ (overtake) me.②The city has been overtaken ____________ storms for several days.③The couple ________ (overtake) by misfortune.3)amazed adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的) (教材原句)The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.观众们对他表现出的体育精神惊叹不已，并欢呼鼓掌。be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到/发现……be amazed that... 惊讶……to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是much to one's amazement (＝to one's great amazement) 使某人大为惊奇的是in amazement 惊讶地It is amazing that/how... ……真是令人惊讶。❶He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.他对本杰明用他的天赋所做的事感到惊奇。❷We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们惊异地发现没有人受伤。❸I was amazed that her appearance changed so much.我很惊讶她的样子改变了这么多。❹He amazed everyone by passing the driving test.他通过了驾照考试，大家都很惊奇。❺I think you are doing an amazing job with those children.我认为你在和那些孩子做一件了不起的事情。❻All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的所有人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。[拓展] amaze vt.使吃惊；使惊异→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazement n．惊愕；惊异an amazing achievement/discovery惊人的成就/发现find sb./sth. amazing觉得……了不起[比较] amaze/surprise/astonish·amaze语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解；·surprise普通用词，多指因未预料或意外而引起的惊奇之感；·astonish语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又因无法解释而感到惊奇。[特别提醒] ing形容词常描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”；ed形容词常说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The ________ (amaze) food is mainly consumed by local farmers.②Nanon opened her eyes wide in ________ (amaze), and looked from one face to another.③On this expedition, I was amazed ________ (see) them in great diversity.④Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still ________ (amaze) at their beauty as well as their potential (潜力) to cause great damage.⑤I was amazed ________ her knowledge of French literature.⑥Much to his ________ (amaze), the injured bird struggled to its feet and flew away.⑦Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.完成句子⑧____________________ (我很惊讶)he'd come up with such a sweet idea.4)response n．回答，答复；反应，响应 respon vi.回答；响应；反应；回复) (教材原句)However, Navarro refused, and his response was...然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回答是……in response to 作为对……的答复/反应make/give a response to 对……作出回应/反应make/give no response (to...) (对……)没有作出回应respond vi. 回答；响应；反应；反响respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应respond with 以……应对；回复，用……报以……respond via email or phone 通过电子邮件或电话回复❶There was no response.没有回应。❷She has received a response from that college to her application.她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。❸These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.这些评论是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题作出的回应。❹They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.他们对我们的求助没有响应，这使我们所有人都很失望。❺This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one.这个陌生人对我的小危机作出了很好的回应，但实际上她不是唯一的一个。❻The audience responded with thunderous applause.观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。❼The guy responded that he did nothing wrong.那个人回答说他没做错什么。[误区警示] respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的，而answer后直接接宾语。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①We phoned them many times to ask for help, but they made no ________ (respond).②The product was developed ________ response to customers' demand.③They made ________ cold response to the matter.④We do not respond ________ every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager.⑤She waved, and he responded ________ a charming smile.完成句子⑥Millions of people gave freely ________________________ (为响应呼吁) for the victims of the earthquake.⑦The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce ____________________________ (回应这个问题) yesterday.5)originate vt. & vi.发源于，来自(→origin n．起源，出身，起因 original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的；有独创性的，原作的 originally adv.本来，原来，最初)) (教材原句)The most popular martial arts today originated in Asia, especially in China.如今世界上最受欢迎的武术源自亚洲，尤其是中国。originate from practice 来源于实践originate in a misunderstanding 由误会引起originate with sb. 由某人提出来❶Theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。❷The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.这一思想是由创作该曲的一位妇女提出来的。❸They decided to stick with their original plan.他们决定继续执行原来的计划。❹She comes originally from York.她原本来自约克郡。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Locke ________ (originate) this theory in the 17th century.②The disease originated ________ Africa.③The ________ (origin) settlers in the area are the Indians.④It was built ________ (original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.完成句子⑤The original organ organisation ____________________ (由一个有创见的人发起的).6)defend vi. & vt.保护，保卫；辩护；辩解) (教材原句)Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others.许多武术被发明是因为人们需要自我保护或保护他人。(1)defend...against 保护，保卫……以免受……defend...from 保护……使不受危险(表示“使……免遭危害”)defend...oneself 自卫，自我防御(2)in defence of (＝in one's defence) 保卫/捍卫……；为……辩护❶The soldiers are fighting bravely to defend their country.士兵们正为保卫祖国而英勇战斗。❷They tried to defend themselves against/from the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。❸She defended herself successfully in court.她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。❹Nobody spoke out in his defence.无人替他辩护。❺Troops took up a defensive position around the town.军队在城镇周围占据了防御阵地。[拓展] defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；怀有戒心的；防守的[即学即练] 单句语法填空①They couldn't prevent us ________ (defend) the rights of students.②You'll need lawyers ________ (defend) you.③We must defend ourselves ________ the invaders.④The law defends people ________ injustice.⑤He gave his life ________ defence of his country.⑥He made a long speech ________ (defend) his views from objection.⑦After spending some time looking at all the ________ (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action...7)involve vt.使参与，牵涉；使埋头，使专注) (教材原句)Techniques involve blocking, posturing and powerful punching and kicking.技巧包括格挡、身法、有力的拳法和脚法。involve doing sth. 包括/涉及做某事involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth. 让某人/自己参与(做)某事be/become/get involved in 参加/参与/专心于……be involved with... 与……有密切关系❶The sports meet involved about 2，000 students.约有两千名学生参加了运动会。❷The job involves travelling abroad for three months each year.这项工作包括每年三个月的国外旅行。❸This problem involves us all.这个问题把我们所有人都牵连进去了。❹How many vehicles were involved in the crash?这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？,[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It would involve ________ (travel) overseas.②John would, sooner or later, involve himself ________ serious trouble.③She ________ (involve) in working out a puzzle.④I don't want my son to be involved ________ any crimes.完成句子⑤We need to examine all the costs ________________________(与这一项目有关的) first.►第二版块|重要短语讲解1)take advantage of sth.利用某物；占(某人的)便宜) (教材原句)．..Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles...……纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……have an advantage over sb. 有胜过某人的优势/比某人更有优势take full advantage of 充分利用give sb. an advantage 给予某人优势at an advantage/a disadvantage 处于有利/不利地位to sb.'s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利give/win/get an advantage 取得优势to one's disadvantage 对某人不利❶I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn—and hit a large maple tree!我利用我短暂的自由冲过草坪——撞到了一棵大枫树上！❷He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他总是充分利用对手的失误。❸The little children did not know how much to pay for the candy, and the store owner took advantage of them.小孩子们不知道买那糖果该付多少钱，于是店主便占了他们的便宜。❹A man who can think will always have an advantage over others.能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。❺The situation is of great advantage to the developing countries.形势对发展中国家极为有利。❻You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.如果你预先考虑过面试中的问题，你就会处于优势。❼He had to stay at home but turned it to his advantage by catching up on his reading.他不得不待在家里，但他利用了这一时机赶紧把书读完。[易错比较] take advantage of＋人→指“利用”某人，占某人的便宜take advantage of＋物→指利用某物的便利条件[联想] make use of利用make full/good use of充分利用[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It would be ________ your advantage to prepare questions in advance.②They had a major advantage ______ their betterknown rivals—their products were cheaper.③I'm going to take advantage ________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.④She was always ________ an advantage in arguments.⑤In fact, only hard work combined with proper ways will give you ______ advantage over others.完成句子⑥He ______________________ (利用) his fine secretary by leaving all the work to her and doing nothing himself.⑦You can use the skills to ______________________ (使自己比……更有优势) your competitors.2)refer to...as...把……称为；认为……是 refer to提及；查阅，参考；指，针对(to是介词)) (教材原句)Martial arts are often referred to as either soft or hard.武术通常作为软功夫或硬功夫被提到。❶They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫做微型艺术。❷All these are referred to as animals.所有这些都叫做动物。❸The speaker referred to the past to make his point.发言人谈到了过去来证明自己的观点。❹By referring to his notes, the speaker was able to give the exact details required.翻阅了一下他的笔记，发言人能够把所要求的精确的细节讲述出来。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.②Oil is often referred ________ as blood for industry.③You mustn't refer ________ the reference books in the exam.④When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't ________ (refer) to you.►第三版块|疑难句型剖析1)语法点——had been doing...过去完成进行时) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.本杰明被迫承认了他一直在做的事情。[说明] (1)过去完成进行时的构成：had been＋现在分词。(2)用法：过去完成进行时强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。到过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.我找了它好多天才找到。②表示在过去某一时间时动作刚停止。He stopped swimming. He had been swimming for the last three hours.他停止了游泳。他已经游了三个小时了。③表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。④常用于间接引语中。The doctor asked what he had been eating．医生问他吃了什么。(3)过去完成进行时与过去完成时。①过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近。如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，可以用过去完成进行时。He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。②在否定句中，多用过去完成时代替过去完成进行时。He had not practised English for many years.(常见)He had not been practising English for many years.(少见)[即学即练] 单句语法填空①He came back at seven. He ________ (wait) for her for two hours.②He thought that she ________ (watch) him when he passed.③At last they got the information they ________ (expect).④I asked where they ________ (stay) all those days.⑤It ________ (snow) for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.完成句子⑥And I realised he ____________________________________ (一直在做音乐老师总是强调的事情): concentrate on the music and pretend the others aren't there.⑦He told me that he __________________________________ (一直教物理课) for more than twenty years.2)并列连词while表“然而”连接的并列句) (教材原句)Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.纳瓦罗让埃斯特班得了第三，而他得了第四。❶She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.她住在一楼，而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。句式分析 (1)while作为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。❷Some people waste food while others haven't enough.有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。(2)while作从属连词时，可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，后跟延续性动词。❸We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.趁着年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。(3)while作从属连词时，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……，但是……”。❹While I believe it is true, I can't prove it.虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。(4)while作从属连词时，可引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，表示“只要”。❺While there is life，there is hope.有生命就有希望。(或：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。)[一言辨异] while和but作并列连词时都可表示语意的转折，但while同时表示前后情况的对比。There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。The watch is cheap，but it goes quite well.这块表虽然便宜，但走得很准。,[即学即练] 写出句中while的含义①While we were swimming in the river, we saw a fish jump out of water.________②Some people work better to music while others do not.________③While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.________④Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security (安全) blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.________⑤There will be life while there is water and air.________完成句子⑥The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations ____________________________ (当我们努力集中注意力的时候).3)with复合结构作状语) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了几个小时，终点线就在眼前……In summer，we often sleep with the window open.在夏天，我们经常开窗睡觉。句式分析 with＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词,副词,介词短语,现在分词（宾语与宾补是主动关系）,过去分词（宾语与宾补是被动关系）,动词不定式)) 例如： eq \a\vs4\al(He left in a hurry with,他匆忙离开了，) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(the door open.门开着。,the lights on.灯开着。,a hot dog in his hand.手里拿着一个热狗。,water running.水流着。,the window closed.窗户关着。,a meeting to attend.有个会议要参加。)) [即学即练] 单句语法填空①Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few senior speakers ________ (leave).②China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.③With spring ________ (come), trees turn green.④With a lot of work ________ (do), he wasn't allowed to go out.⑤With all his work ________ (finish), he went home early.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Despite winning the bronze medal, we felt it was a sign of ________ (体育精神).2．At the moment，we are looking forward to your ________ (答复).3．The ship disappeared from his ________ (视野).Ⅱ.短语填空out of sight, be amazed at, a bronze medal, in response to, take advantage of, refer to, refer to...as..., involve sb./oneself in...1．The audience rose to clap ____________ his wonderful performance.2．At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________ in the distance.3．Visitors ____________ the students' amazing fluency in spoken English.4．It surprised us that he won ____________ in the gymnastics.5．John has adapted to the new environment and has ____________ every opportunity to make friends.6．The dispute (争议) ____________ the United Nations.7．Dodd ____________ the novel ________ a good history book.8．The young man ____________ the crime.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．They help the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections.2．Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and ________ (flexible).3．________ (take) advantage of the new technologies, scammers can aim at victims precisely.4．We were so ________ (amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.5．Not everyone acts the same in response ________ events...Ⅳ.单句写作1．约翰喜欢踢足球而彼得却喜欢打篮球。(while连接并列句)________________________________________________________________________2．王教授走进教室，手里拿着几本书。(with复合结构)________________________________________________________________________
Section E Writing Workshop, Viewing Workshop & Reading Clubs 1～2Ⅰ.基础词汇1．____________ n. 视野2．____________ n. 铜3．____________ n. 奖牌；勋章4．____________ n. 姿态；手势；姿势Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．cycle n．自行车→________ n．骑自行车者，自行车运动员→________ n．二轮自行车→________ n．三轮车2．amaze v. 使惊讶→________ adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的→________ n．惊奇；惊愕；惊诧3．sportsman n. 运动员→________ n．体育精神 →________ n．运动会4．respond v. 回答，答复→________ n．回答，答复Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)(A) 写出下列短语的汉意1．the final sprint ________________2．the main character ________________3．the finishing line ________________4．cheer on... ________________5．(be) ahead of ________________6．be amazed at ________________7．win the bronze medal ________________8．take advantage of sth. ________________(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 看得见2．________________ 加速3．________________ 追上，赶上4．________________ 获得第三名5．________________ 第三名►第一版块|重点单词诠释1)sight n．视野；视力；看见；景象；名胜(复数)vt.看见，发现) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前…… at first sight 乍一看；初次见到at the sight of 看到……catch sight of 看见，瞥见lose one's sight 失明lose sight of 看不见；忽略come into sight 进入视野in/within sight 在视野内，看得见out of sight 在视野外，看不见❶A train snaked into sight.一列火车蜿蜒曲折地驶进了视野。❷My sight is failing.我的视力正在下降。❸The sight of the garden brings back the days when we lived in Paris.见到那座花园使我们回想起住在巴黎时的日子。❹Hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in the city，在大街上晾衣服在这座城市是很常见的景象。❺We'd toured the sights of Paris.我们已游览了巴黎的名胜。❻We laughed at the sight of his strange clothes.我们看到他那奇怪的衣服笑了起来。❼Although he lost his sight, he did not lose his courage.虽然失明了，但他并没有失去勇气。❽I waited a whole hour before a bus finally came into sight.我等了整整一个小时，公共汽车才终于出现。❾The train is still in sight.还能看得见那列火车。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) We sighted land after at sea for ten days.我们在海上航行10天后看见了陆地。[易混比较] sight/view/scene/scenery表示“景色，风景”·sight侧重指旅游观光的风光，包括城市景色或自然风光景色；也指人造景物或奇特的景色；·view普通用词，多指从远处或高处所见的景色；·scene指具体的、局部的或一时的景色，可以是自然形成的，也可以是人工造成的；·scenery指一个国家或某一地区的整体自然风景。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①A broken small old grey stone bridge came ________ sight.②The theory is not as simple as you might think ________ first sight.③The place was so crowded; we soon lost sight ________ him.写出句中sight的词性及含义④Out of sight, out of mind.________⑤She felt sick at the sight of the dead rat.________⑥We were frightened at the terrible sight.________⑦All in all, not only can TV lead to poor sight but also TV occupies too much of children's time to play with others.________⑧The security forces sighted a group of young men that had crossed the border.________完成句子⑨Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a walking journey, as they ____________________ (看到了) an old hikers' guide.⑩He turned to look back, but by then she was ________________ (看不见了) .2)overtake vt. & vi.超过，追上，赶上；突然发生，突然降临) (教材原句)Surely, he could simply overtake Esteban and come third.当然，他轻而易举就能超越埃斯特班，得第三名。overtake sb. 追上某人overtake sth. 超过某物be overtaken by 被……超过；遭到……的袭击some changes overtake suddenly 突然发生一些变化overtake a car 超车❶It's dangerous to overtake on a bend.转弯时超车很危险。❷I had to walk fast to overtake you.我不得不快走才能赶上你。❸Some changes have overtaken our university recently.近来我们大学突然发生了一些变化。❹The film star was overtaken by another trouble.那位影星又遇上了别的麻烦。[拓展] “副词＋动词”构成的复合动词还有：downfall 垮台，衰落overthrow 打倒，推翻undergo 遭受，经历download 下载[即学即练] 单句语法填空①I was riding my bicycle along the road when a car ________ (overtake) me.②The city has been overtaken ____________ storms for several days.③The couple ________ (overtake) by misfortune.3)amazed adj.大为惊奇的，惊讶的) (教材原句)The audience was amazed at his show of sportsmanship and cheered and clapped.观众们对他表现出的体育精神惊叹不已，并欢呼鼓掌。be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶be amazed to see/find... 惊讶地看到/发现……be amazed that... 惊讶……to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是much to one's amazement (＝to one's great amazement) 使某人大为惊奇的是in amazement 惊讶地It is amazing that/how... ……真是令人惊讶。❶He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.他对本杰明用他的天赋所做的事感到惊奇。❷We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.我们惊异地发现没有人受伤。❸I was amazed that her appearance changed so much.我很惊讶她的样子改变了这么多。❹He amazed everyone by passing the driving test.他通过了驾照考试，大家都很惊奇。❺I think you are doing an amazing job with those children.我认为你在和那些孩子做一件了不起的事情。❻All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的所有人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。[拓展] amaze vt.使吃惊；使惊异→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazement n．惊愕；惊异an amazing achievement/discovery惊人的成就/发现find sb./sth. amazing觉得……了不起[比较] amaze/surprise/astonish·amaze语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解；·surprise普通用词，多指因未预料或意外而引起的惊奇之感；·astonish语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又因无法解释而感到惊奇。[特别提醒] ing形容词常描述人或事物本身具有的特征，意为“令人……的”；ed形容词常说明人的感受，意为“感到……的”。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The ________ (amaze) food is mainly consumed by local farmers.②Nanon opened her eyes wide in ________ (amaze), and looked from one face to another.③On this expedition, I was amazed ________ (see) them in great diversity.④Having studied volcanoes for many years, I am still ________ (amaze) at their beauty as well as their potential (潜力) to cause great damage.⑤I was amazed ________ her knowledge of French literature.⑥Much to his ________ (amaze), the injured bird struggled to its feet and flew away.⑦Little Tom sat ________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him.完成句子⑧____________________ (我很惊讶)he'd come up with such a sweet idea.4)response n．回答，答复；反应，响应 respon vi.回答；响应；反应；回复) (教材原句)However, Navarro refused, and his response was...然而，纳瓦罗拒绝了，他的回答是……in response to 作为对……的答复/反应make/give a response to 对……作出回应/反应make/give no response (to...) (对……)没有作出回应respond vi. 回答；响应；反应；反响respond to 回答，回复；对……作出反应respond with 以……应对；回复，用……报以……respond via email or phone 通过电子邮件或电话回复❶There was no response.没有回应。❷She has received a response from that college to her application.她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。❸These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.这些评论是对当地记者经常提出的具体问题作出的回应。❹They made no response to our call for help, which disappointed us all.他们对我们的求助没有响应，这使我们所有人都很失望。❺This one stranger responded beautifully to my small crisis, but she actually wasn't the only one.这个陌生人对我的小危机作出了很好的回应，但实际上她不是唯一的一个。❻The audience responded with thunderous applause.观众报以雷鸣般的掌声。❼The guy responded that he did nothing wrong.那个人回答说他没做错什么。[误区警示] respond常用作不及物动词，后接宾语时，要加介词to，这与reply的用法是一致的，而answer后直接接宾语。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①We phoned them many times to ask for help, but they made no ________ (respond).②The product was developed ________ response to customers' demand.③They made ________ cold response to the matter.④We do not respond ________ every candidate. If selected, you will be contacted by a manager.⑤She waved, and he responded ________ a charming smile.完成句子⑥Millions of people gave freely ________________________ (为响应呼吁) for the victims of the earthquake.⑦The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce ____________________________ (回应这个问题) yesterday.5)originate vt. & vi.发源于，来自(→origin n．起源，出身，起因 original adj.原先的，最早的，最初的；有独创性的，原作的 originally adv.本来，原来，最初)) (教材原句)The most popular martial arts today originated in Asia, especially in China.如今世界上最受欢迎的武术源自亚洲，尤其是中国。originate from practice 来源于实践originate in a misunderstanding 由误会引起originate with sb. 由某人提出来❶Theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.理论来源于实践，反过来为实践服务。❷The idea originated with a woman who wrote the music.这一思想是由创作该曲的一位妇女提出来的。❸They decided to stick with their original plan.他们决定继续执行原来的计划。❹She comes originally from York.她原本来自约克郡。,[即学即练] 单句语法填空①Locke ________ (originate) this theory in the 17th century.②The disease originated ________ Africa.③The ________ (origin) settlers in the area are the Indians.④It was built ________ (original) to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.完成句子⑤The original organ organisation ____________________ (由一个有创见的人发起的).6)defend vi. & vt.保护，保卫；辩护；辩解) (教材原句)Many martial arts were invented because people needed to defend themselves or protect others.许多武术被发明是因为人们需要自我保护或保护他人。(1)defend...against 保护，保卫……以免受……defend...from 保护……使不受危险(表示“使……免遭危害”)defend...oneself 自卫，自我防御(2)in defence of (＝in one's defence) 保卫/捍卫……；为……辩护❶The soldiers are fighting bravely to defend their country.士兵们正为保卫祖国而英勇战斗。❷They tried to defend themselves against/from the enemy with all their might.他们竭尽全力抵御敌人。❸She defended herself successfully in court.她在法庭上成功地为自己进行了辩护。❹Nobody spoke out in his defence.无人替他辩护。❺Troops took up a defensive position around the town.军队在城镇周围占据了防御阵地。[拓展] defence n．保护，保卫→defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；怀有戒心的；防守的[即学即练] 单句语法填空①They couldn't prevent us ________ (defend) the rights of students.②You'll need lawyers ________ (defend) you.③We must defend ourselves ________ the invaders.④The law defends people ________ injustice.⑤He gave his life ________ defence of his country.⑥He made a long speech ________ (defend) his views from objection.⑦After spending some time looking at all the ________ (defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action...7)involve vt.使参与，牵涉；使埋头，使专注) (教材原句)Techniques involve blocking, posturing and powerful punching and kicking.技巧包括格挡、身法、有力的拳法和脚法。involve doing sth. 包括/涉及做某事involve sb./oneself in (doing) sth. 让某人/自己参与(做)某事be/become/get involved in 参加/参与/专心于……be involved with... 与……有密切关系❶The sports meet involved about 2，000 students.约有两千名学生参加了运动会。❷The job involves travelling abroad for three months each year.这项工作包括每年三个月的国外旅行。❸This problem involves us all.这个问题把我们所有人都牵连进去了。❹How many vehicles were involved in the crash?这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车？,[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It would involve ________ (travel) overseas.②John would, sooner or later, involve himself ________ serious trouble.③She ________ (involve) in working out a puzzle.④I don't want my son to be involved ________ any crimes.完成句子⑤We need to examine all the costs ________________________(与这一项目有关的) first.►第二版块|重要短语讲解1)take advantage of sth.利用某物；占(某人的)便宜) (教材原句)．..Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban's troubles...……纳瓦罗拒绝利用埃斯特班碰到的麻烦……have an advantage over sb. 有胜过某人的优势/比某人更有优势take full advantage of 充分利用give sb. an advantage 给予某人优势at an advantage/a disadvantage 处于有利/不利地位to sb.'s advantage/to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利give/win/get an advantage 取得优势to one's disadvantage 对某人不利❶I took advantage of my brief freedom to dash across the lawn—and hit a large maple tree!我利用我短暂的自由冲过草坪——撞到了一棵大枫树上！❷He always takes full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals.他总是充分利用对手的失误。❸The little children did not know how much to pay for the candy, and the store owner took advantage of them.小孩子们不知道买那糖果该付多少钱，于是店主便占了他们的便宜。❹A man who can think will always have an advantage over others.能动脑子的人总是会胜过别人。❺The situation is of great advantage to the developing countries.形势对发展中国家极为有利。❻You will be at an advantage if you have thought about the interview questions in advance.如果你预先考虑过面试中的问题，你就会处于优势。❼He had to stay at home but turned it to his advantage by catching up on his reading.他不得不待在家里，但他利用了这一时机赶紧把书读完。[易错比较] take advantage of＋人→指“利用”某人，占某人的便宜take advantage of＋物→指利用某物的便利条件[联想] make use of利用make full/good use of充分利用[即学即练] 单句语法填空①It would be ________ your advantage to prepare questions in advance.②They had a major advantage ______ their betterknown rivals—their products were cheaper.③I'm going to take advantage ________ this tour to explore the history of the castle.④She was always ________ an advantage in arguments.⑤In fact, only hard work combined with proper ways will give you ______ advantage over others.完成句子⑥He ______________________ (利用) his fine secretary by leaving all the work to her and doing nothing himself.⑦You can use the skills to ______________________ (使自己比……更有优势) your competitors.2)refer to...as...把……称为；认为……是 refer to提及；查阅，参考；指，针对(to是介词)) (教材原句)Martial arts are often referred to as either soft or hard.武术通常作为软功夫或硬功夫被提到。❶They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫做微型艺术。❷All these are referred to as animals.所有这些都叫做动物。❸The speaker referred to the past to make his point.发言人谈到了过去来证明自己的观点。❹By referring to his notes, the speaker was able to give the exact details required.翻阅了一下他的笔记，发言人能够把所要求的精确的细节讲述出来。[即学即练] 单句语法填空①The scientist referred to the discovery ________ the most exciting new development in this field.②Oil is often referred ________ as blood for industry.③You mustn't refer ________ the reference books in the exam.④When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't ________ (refer) to you.►第三版块|疑难句型剖析1)语法点——had been doing...过去完成进行时) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时，终点线就在眼前……Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.本杰明被迫承认了他一直在做的事情。[说明] (1)过去完成进行时的构成：had been＋现在分词。(2)用法：过去完成进行时强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点。到过去某个时间点时，这个动作可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。I had been looking for it for days before I found it.我找了它好多天才找到。②表示在过去某一时间时动作刚停止。He stopped swimming. He had been swimming for the last three hours.他停止了游泳。他已经游了三个小时了。③表示反复的动作。He had been mentioning your name to me. 他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。④常用于间接引语中。The doctor asked what he had been eating．医生问他吃了什么。(3)过去完成进行时与过去完成时。①过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近。如果我们要强调较早发生事件的连续性，可以用过去完成进行时。He had been waiting for two weeks. He was still waiting.他已经等了两个星期。他还在等。②在否定句中，多用过去完成时代替过去完成进行时。He had not practised English for many years.(常见)He had not been practising English for many years.(少见)[即学即练] 单句语法填空①He came back at seven. He ________ (wait) for her for two hours.②He thought that she ________ (watch) him when he passed.③At last they got the information they ________ (expect).④I asked where they ________ (stay) all those days.⑤It ________ (snow) for several days. The ground was all covered with snow.完成句子⑥And I realised he ____________________________________ (一直在做音乐老师总是强调的事情): concentrate on the music and pretend the others aren't there.⑦He told me that he __________________________________ (一直教物理课) for more than twenty years.2)并列连词while表“然而”连接的并列句) (教材原句)Navarro had let Esteban finish in third place, while he came fourth.纳瓦罗让埃斯特班得了第三，而他得了第四。❶She lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.她住在一楼，而他和妻子以及两个女儿住在楼上。句式分析 (1)while作为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。❷Some people waste food while others haven't enough.有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却吃不饱。(2)while作从属连词时，可引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，后跟延续性动词。❸We must work hard to gain more knowledge while we are young.趁着年轻，我们必须刻苦学习，获得更多的知识。(3)while作从属连词时，可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然……，但是……”。❹While I believe it is true, I can't prove it.虽然我相信那是真的，但我无法证明。(4)while作从属连词时，可引导条件状语从句，相当于as long as，表示“只要”。❺While there is life，there is hope.有生命就有希望。(或：留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。)[一言辨异] while和but作并列连词时都可表示语意的转折，但while同时表示前后情况的对比。There's plenty of rain in the southeast, while there's little in the northwest.东南部雨量充足，而西北部则很少下雨。The watch is cheap，but it goes quite well.这块表虽然便宜，但走得很准。,[即学即练] 写出句中while的含义①While we were swimming in the river, we saw a fish jump out of water.________②Some people work better to music while others do not.________③While I see what you say, I can't agree with you.________④Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security (安全) blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.________⑤There will be life while there is water and air.________完成句子⑥The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations ____________________________ (当我们努力集中注意力的时候).3)with复合结构作状语) (教材原句)Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours and with the finishing line in sight...埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了几个小时，终点线就在眼前……In summer，we often sleep with the window open.在夏天，我们经常开窗睡觉。句式分析 with＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(形容词,副词,介词短语,现在分词（宾语与宾补是主动关系）,过去分词（宾语与宾补是被动关系）,动词不定式)) 例如： eq \a\vs4\al(He left in a hurry with,他匆忙离开了，) eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(the door open.门开着。,the lights on.灯开着。,a hot dog in his hand.手里拿着一个热狗。,water running.水流着。,the window closed.窗户关着。,a meeting to attend.有个会议要参加。)) [即学即练] 单句语法填空①Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction, with only a few senior speakers ________ (leave).②China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.③With spring ________ (come), trees turn green.④With a lot of work ________ (do), he wasn't allowed to go out.⑤With all his work ________ (finish), he went home early.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Despite winning the bronze medal, we felt it was a sign of ________ (体育精神).2．At the moment，we are looking forward to your ________ (答复).3．The ship disappeared from his ________ (视野).Ⅱ.短语填空out of sight, be amazed at, a bronze medal, in response to, take advantage of, refer to, refer to...as..., involve sb./oneself in...1．The audience rose to clap ____________ his wonderful performance.2．At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was ____________ in the distance.3．Visitors ____________ the students' amazing fluency in spoken English.4．It surprised us that he won ____________ in the gymnastics.5．John has adapted to the new environment and has ____________ every opportunity to make friends.6．The dispute (争议) ____________ the United Nations.7．Dodd ____________ the novel ________ a good history book.8．The young man ____________ the crime.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．They help the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections.2．Keep holding your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and ________ (flexible).3．________ (take) advantage of the new technologies, scammers can aim at victims precisely.4．We were so ________ (amaze) that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.5．Not everyone acts the same in response ________ events...Ⅳ.单句写作1．约翰喜欢踢足球而彼得却喜欢打篮球。(while连接并列句)________________________________________________________________________2．王教授走进教室，手里拿着几本书。(with复合结构)________________________________________________________________________
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