北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT2 Section F课件

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT2 Section F课件，共55页。
Section F　单元语法专项单元语法专项(1)——定语从句——关系代词及其用法(一) 定语从句概述1．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2．构成：3．分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(二) 关系代词的用法1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。❶The number of tourists that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来游览这座城市的游客数量达到了100万。(指人，作主语)❷This is the suitcase (that) she is looking for.这就是她在找的那个手提箱。(指物，作宾语)2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。❶The place (which) I used to live in has become a court.我过去住的地方现在变成了一个球场。❷What's that which crashed in the sky just now?刚才天空中坠毁的是什么东西？3．who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。❶We are concerned about the people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。(作主语)❷I happened to meet the athlete (who/whom) I got to know at a party.我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的运动员。❸Jack is no longer the underdog (who/whom) I met five years ago.杰克不再是五年前我见到的弱者了。(作宾语)4．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，也常可用who代替。Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。(作宾语)5．whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。I know the person, whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。误区警示①关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所指代的名词或代词。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。The film (that/which) we saw it last night was very frightening.(×)The film (that/which) we saw last night was very frightening.(√)②关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略，作宾语时常可以省略。Is that the girl (whom/who/that) you spoke of the other day？那就是你前几天提到的女孩吗？(三) 用that不用which引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。❶The first thing that we should do now is to have a balanced diet.我们现在要做的第一件事就是均衡饮食。❷This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。2．当先行词是all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。❶He did everything that he could to earn his living.他做了一切能做的事来谋生。❷In this factory I found little that was in good shape.在这家工厂，我发现几乎没有状态好的东西。❸Please send us any information that you have about the subject.请把你所掌握的有关这个主题的任何资料寄给我们。3．当先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。❶The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。❷This is the very book that I want to buy.这就是我想买的那本书。 学法点拨以上三种情况有一个共同特点，就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰语往往带有“唯一”或者“全部”概念，以致无法作出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，表示“哪一个”，含有选择意味，所以以上情况出现时用that引导定语从句。4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。5．当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing?你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？(四) 用which不用that引导定语从句的情况1．引导非限制性定语从句时。Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界都非常受欢迎。2．当关系代词前有介词时。This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。3．当先行词本身就是that时。That which you told him is what we want to know.你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。4．在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一个的关系词是that，那么另一个的关系词宜用which。Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。(五) 用who不用that引导定语从句的情况1．当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, ones, anyone, no one, nobody, anybody, none, all等。Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing？你们班有人擅长唱歌吗？2．在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.有位年轻女士休克了。3．当先行词是people, those时。❶People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。❷The students you should learn from are those who graduated from famous universities.你应该向那些从著名大学毕业的学生学习。4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长。(六) 定语从句中的主谓一致1．关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式根据先行词的形式确定。❶The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.旧城区的街道狭窄，房子小，彼此挨得很近。❷I'm fond of the piece of music which is popular with the teenagers.我喜欢在青少年中受欢迎的那支曲子。(七) 关系代词as引导定语从句1．as既可指人也可指物。在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same...as...，such...as...等结构中，as不能省略。❶I'll buy the same dictionary as you have.我要买和你的一样的词典。❷Such reasons as we give can persuade him to give up his foolish plan.我们给出的这些理由可以说服他放弃他的愚蠢计划。2.as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间。❶As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I can't persuade her to change her mind.你知道，她是一个倔强的女孩，我不能说服她改变主意。❷My grandfather is fond of talking about the good old days, as is often the case with old people.我爷爷喜欢谈论过去的美好时光，这种情况在老年人中很常见。归纳梳理as引导非限制性定语从句时常用的固定表达：as we all know正如我们所知as is well known众所周知as you see如你所见as we expect正如我们所料as often happens正如经常发生的as I can remember正如我所记得的as has been said before如前所述as is/was expected正如预料的那样as can be seen正如所见as is often the case情况常常是这样[即学即练]Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词完成句子1．Anyone ________ is voluntary to be defeated in a competition will become an underdog.2．The cyclist overtook the others and was soon out of sight, ________ made us much amazed.3．He gathered around all the energy ________ he had to shoot the goal.4．The teen ________ used to be addicted to online games now doesn't surf the Internet anymore.5．He finally achieved his aim, ________ didn't let us down.6．The athlete ________ is tall on campus is my partner.who　which　that　who/thatwhich　who/that7．Gymnastics is a challenging sport ________ I have never tried before.8．The athlete ___________ I don't know appears in the gym, track and tennis court from time to time.9．It is not convenient for those ________ have disabilities to climb stairs.10．Almost all teens ________ live in our city have surfed the net, according to a recent report.11．All in all, I would prefer gymnastics rather than jogging, ________ is slow and doesn't fit my character.12．She is an athlete _____________ tends to feel nervous in every competition.which/thatwho/whom/thatwhowho/thatwhich　who/that13．Tom, ________ has recovered from his injury, is now in good shape.14．A balanced diet is one ________ can provide you with a positive lifestyle.15．Such a problem ________ arises at a very high frequency, once within a few days, can't be avoided.16．She ________ was put in an awkward position couldn't cheer up at the moment.17．To be frank, you ought to seek tips from experts ________ have professional knowledge.18．The company organised an annual trip ________ all the employees ought to sign up for.who　that　as　who　who/thatwhich/that19．To my disappointment, I can't entirely remove the tension and stress ___________ my daily work brings to me.20．You can't give up, ________ means you can't quit halfway.21．Mary was a volunteer ________ efforts paid off and she earned a clap finally.22．To his satisfaction, he got the job ________ he had applied for after graduating from college.23．Unfortunately, he crashed into a truck __________ was dragging a dustbin.24．Those ________ can't face various kinds of challenges will not keep up with the current situation.which/thatwhich　whose　which/thatwhich/thatwho　25．Experts remind us to use various methods to reduce tension and stress ___________ we meet with in our life.26．The police are eager to know the details of the accident ________ happened last night.27．Make sure that someone is responsible for the quality of goods ________ your company has produced.28．To the disappointment of the audience, the athlete ________ got an injury in the leg was defeated in the game.29．The volunteers ________ regularly contact the community aim to deal with their tough problems.30．To her relief, the charity organisation accepted the orphan ________ she had discovered on the road.that/whichwhich/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwho/that　who/whom/thatⅡ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1．They are building a hospital near the street ________ we used to live.2．The present ________ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.3．Happiness is one of the things ________ money can not buy.4．I'll never forget the day ________ I joined the League in my middle school.5．The man ________ wife died last year has gone to Japan.6．Do you still remember the farm ________ we worked together five years ago?7．The student ____________ the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.where　which/thatthat/whichwhen　whosewhere　whom/who/that8．The newspaper ________ you are reading is out of date.9．Do you remember the time ________ we got lost in the park?10．I'll never forget the time ________ we spent together in the army camp.11．Tell me the reason ________ the American lady left in a hurry.12．Do you know the boy ________ was praised at the meeting?13．Ellen is the girl ________ I think will succeed in the speaking contest.14．The manager walked toward the gate ________ the workers were waiting.15．Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone ________ family was poor.which/thatwhen　which/thatwhy　who/thatwho/thatwhere　whose　16．We are learning English, a language ________ is used in many fields in the world.17．This magazine belongs to the teacher ___________ teaches us chemistry.18．Anyone ________ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall.19．The house ________ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago.20．The medicine ___________ he bought is good for your health.which/thatwho/thatwho　which/thatwhich/thatⅢ.语法填空(用适当的关系代词)Tom, 1.________ is a primary student, is having supper at the new table 2.________ his father bought this morning. A little white dog 3.________ name is Maomao is sitting beside him. It is waiting for food 4.________ Tom gives to it from time to time. Suddenly, Tom's mother, beside 5.________ lies a yellow cat, says, “Tom, have you seen the book 6.________ I bought last week in the bookstore at 7.________ your aunt works? I wrote the date on it when I'll have to pay the bills to the bank.” Smiling, Tom looks down at Maomao, 8.________ is sitting on the right book now. He says softly, “Run away from the book 9.________ Mother is looking for, or she'll punish you.” Then Tom gives the book 10.________ cover is a little dirty to his mother.who　which/thatwhose　which/thatwhom　which/thatwhich　who　which/that　whose单元语法专项(2)——复合不定代词(一) 复合不定代词的定义和功能 不指明替代某个(些)人，某个(些)事物的代词叫不定代词。由some­， any­， no­， every­与­one, ­body, ­thing等组合，构成复合不定代词。复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等。这些复合不定代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。(二) 复合不定代词的指代对象1．含­body和­one的复合不定代词只用来指人，含­body的复合不定代词与含­one的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用­body时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用­one时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。Someone/Somebody is doing boxing in the next room.有人在隔壁房间打拳击。2．含­thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物。By the time I got home last night, I was too tired to do anything active.我昨晚到家时累得无法动弹。(三) 复合不定代词的属格1．含-­one和-­body等指人的复合不定代词可有­'s属格形式。❶Everybody's business is nobody's business.众人之事无人管。❷Is this anybody's seat？这儿有人坐吗？2．含­-one和­-body等指人的复合不定代词后跟else时，-­'s属格应加在else之后。Can you remember someone else's name?你能记得其他人的名字吗？3．含-­thing等指事物的复合不定代词没有-­'s属格形式。(四) 复合不定代词的数复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是第三人称单数。当它们充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。❶Is everyone here today？今天大家都到齐了吗？❷Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。(五) 复合不定代词的替代问题由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正式的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。1．含-­one和-­body等指人的复合不定代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her，其­'s属格形式的代词应该是his/her，his/hers。❶Everyone has his/her own words.每个人都有他(她)自己的说辞。但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs指代复合不定代词，尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。❷No one gave you a ticket，did they？没人给你票，是吗？❸No one succeeds overnight, do they?没有人能突然成功，是吗？2．含­thing等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。Something goes wrong，doesn't it？出问题了，不是吗？(六) 复合不定代词的定语复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。Can you tell something interesting?你能讲些有趣的事情吗？(七) 含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词(即something和anything; someone和anyone; somebody和anybody)之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1．something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。❶He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪却有趣的事情。❷Do you have anything to say？你有话要说吗？❸I can't meet anybody on the island.在岛上，我遇不到任何人。2．在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句中、希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句中，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。Would you like something to eat?你想要吃点儿东西吗？3．当anything表示“任何事(物)，无论何事(物)”、anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。❶Anything is OK.什么都行。❷Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。❸Anybody over 18 can try out for this competition.凡是超过18岁的人都可以参加这次比赛。(八) 复合不定代词的否定1．“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。Not everything will go well.并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher didn't call everyone's name.老师并没有点所有人的名字。2．“not any-”和no-均表示全部否定。❶He listened, but heard nothing.＝He listened, but didn't hear anything.他听了听，但什么也没听到。❷You haven't called anyone/anybody up, have you?＝You have called no one/nobody up, have you?你没给任何人打过电话，是吗？(九) 复合不定代词作名词复合不定代词可以充当名词，表示“……的事情(东西或人)”1．someone/somebody，anyone/anybody的意义是“重要人物，大人物”，no one/nobody则指“无关紧要的人，小人物”。2．something，anything的意义是“重要事情(东西)”，everything表示“最重要的事情(东西)”，nothing则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。(十) 合与分的区别问题1．someone, anyone, everyone都只能指人，且不和介词of连用；some one，any one，every one则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of连用。❶Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。❷—Which toy would you like？你要哪个玩具？—Any one is OK.哪个都可以。2．no one (＝nobody)“没有人”，只用来指人，通常不和介词of连用；none“没有一个”，既可用来指人也可用来指物，可与介词of连用。❶No one can do it better.没有人能做得更好。❷None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。3．回答who引导的特殊疑问句时用no one；回答how many引导的特殊疑问句时用none。❶—Who was late？谁迟到了？—No one.谁也没有迟到。❷—How many pigs do you keep？你养了几头猪？—None.一头也没养。[即学即练]Ⅰ.用复合不定代词填空1．—Do you know _____________ in the store?—Sorry, I don't know them.2．___________ is in the room. It's empty.3．This was my first time in Wuhan, so ________ was really interesting.4．—Could you give me ________ to drink?—Sure! Here you are.5．—Kangkang, is ________________ here today?—No, Jim isn't here. He is in hospital.6．I'm hungry. I want ________ to eat.anyone/anybodyNo one/Nobodyeverythingsomethingeveryone/everybodysomething7．—Do you have ________ to say for yourself?—No, I have ________ to say.8．Why not ask _________________ to help you?9．There's ________ wrong with his eyes. He's OK.10．—The story is so amazing! It's the most interesting story I've ever read.—But I'm afraid it won't be liked by ____________________．11．—Jim! Can you see the words on the blackboard?—Sorry! I can see ________．12．________ is impossible if you don't quit halfway.13．She doesn't know ______________ here. She really can't cheer up.anythingnothingsomeone/somebodynothing　everybody/everyonenothing　Nothing　anyone/anybody　14．—Look, ______________ has gathered the newspapers on the floor.—Well, it wasn't me.15．To my disappointment, David is never interested in what ________ else is doing.16．She listened carefully, but heard ________．17．I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with ______18．________ of us is active in English class.19．—The exam wasn't difficult, was it?—No, but I don't think _________________ could pass it.20．—Look! Can you see ________ behind the tree?—Yes, I think it's a cat.somebody/someoneanyone/anybodynothing　everything　Every oneeverybody/everyoneanything　21．—Wow! You've got so many clothes.—But ________ of them are in fashion now.22．My brother would like to buy a good watch but ________ was available in that shop.23．Granny wanted some more coffee but there was ________ left in the coffee maker.24．Charles was alone at home, with ________ looking after him.25．—How do you find your new classmates?—Most of them are kind, but ________ is so good to me as Bruce.26．I think ________ of us can repair it.27．I thought there would be many students in the hall, but when I got in I found ________．28．Everyone wants to be a hero, but ________ wants to die.none　none　none　no onenone　none　none　noneⅡ.语法填空(用适当的复合不定代词)Yesterday I went somewhere wonderful. Can you guess where it was? Yes, 1._______________ in my class went to the zoo. 2.________ was so exciting in the zoo. We saw some monkeys playing in the trees. The pandas were so lovely. I took quite a few photos of animals. 3.______________ had a good time. But on our way home, there was 4.________ wrong with our bus, so we waited for a long time. However, 5.______________ seemed to be bored. My brother Jack didn't go anywhere. He didn't do 6.___________ interesting. He just stayed at home and played computer games.everyone/everybodyEverythingEveryone/Everybodysomething　no one/nobodyanything