说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)

这是一份说明文——2024届高考英语高考阅读理解文体分类练(含答案)，共13页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Medical artificial intelligence (AI) can perfrm with expert-level accuracy and deliver cst- effective care. IBM's Watsn diagnses (诊断) heart disease better than cardilgists (心脏病专家) d. Chatbts give better medical advice t patients in place f nurses. Sme frecast that medical AI will enter 90% f hspitals and replace as much as 80% f what dctrs currently d. Yet, as ur recent research suggests, patients shw a strng resistance t medical AI.
The reasn, we fund, is nt the belief that AI prvides lwer care. Nr is it that patients think that AI is mre cstly r less infrmative. Rather, resistance t medical AI seems t cme frm a belief that AI des nt take int accunt ne's specific circumstances. Peple view themselves as unique. By cntrast, they think medical care delivered by AI prviders is suited t treat an average patient but unsuitable t accunt fr the unique circumstances that apply t an individual. N wnder that medical AI prviders are given a cld welcme.
There are a number f steps that care prviders can take t vercme patients' resistance t medical AI. Fr example, if an AI prvider is capable f tailring its recmmendatin fr whether t have a surgery t each patient's unique characteristics and medical histry, patients wuld be likely t fllw the treatment recmmendatins f the AI prvider. In additin, health care prviders culd als deliver individualized health care by explaining hw the algrithms (算法) wrk and sharing patients' reviews with the media. Having a physician cnfirm the recmmendatin f an AI prvider shuld make peple mre willing t accept AI-based care. Peple are cmfrtable using medical AI if a physician remains in charge f the ultimate decisin.
AI-based health care technlgies are being develped and emplyed at an impressive rate, prviding better medical services fr the patients. But harnessing the full ptential f them will require that we first vercme patients' dubt f having an algrithm, rather than a persn making decisins abut their care.
1．What made peple resist the medical AI?
A. A sufferer's temper ignred by medical AI.
B. Peple's lasting trust in a human dctr's ability.
C. The cncern abut its persnalizatin in treatment.
D. The accuracy f the infrmatin frm medical AI.
2．What can be a slutin t patients' resistance accrding t the authr?
A. Treating sufferers as average patients.
B. Prviding a mre specific treatment.
C. Getting the algrithms priritized in time.
D. Keeping away frm the influence f a physician.
3．Which wrd can replace the underlined wrd "harnessing" in the last paragraph?
A. Weakening. B. String. C. Destrying. D. Using.
4．What is the suitable title fr the text?
A. Advantages f Medical AI
B. Ptential Applicatin f AI
C. Hw AI Replaces Nurses in Healthcare
D. The Challenge That Medical AI Faces
With nearly a quarter f glbal greenhuse gas cming frm all types f transprtatin, can we keep urselves ff gas-pwered vehicles t avid the wrst effects? As mre gvernments push fr urgent actin n climate change, quite a few cmpanies are betting their future—that millins f cnsumers are finally ready fr electric-pwered vehicles. Mdern battery-pwered cars are selling fast and zer-emissin(排放) planes are cming. These changes, bth leading t a mre sustainable future, are reinventing hw we get frm here t there.
Cars and trucks have undergne their greatest imprvement since the autmbile's existence mre than a century ag. Almst vernight, the era f the electric car has arrived. Electricity has the advantage that it wrks withut smell and with less nise. Glbal annual sales f electric vehicles are expected t sar frm just ver 3 millin tday t 14 millin by2025. Just a mnth after Frd unveiled an electric versin f the ppular F-150, custmers had reserved mre than 100,000 f them. The price is abut $10,000 abve the gas-pwered ne, but Frd says the electric mdel will cst much less t maintain. Everything creating a green revlutin n the grund is f limited help in the sky fr the time being.
High-strage batteries are useless at present when it cmes t the technlgical challenge f launching a few hundred peple int the sky and carrying them thusands f miles. N battery yet invented can pwer, say, a Being 747 frm New Yrk t Lndn. Prmising imprvements, hwever, d add up. Develpments with zer-emissin, battery-pwered electric engines are already happening in cmmercial flights, invlving trips f limited duratin and distance. Airlines specializing in shrt jurneys with small planes will lead the way t electric flights.
Our planet's health depends n zering ut carbn dixide emissins by 2050, and yet, by the timetable needed t address the climate challenge, the shift away frm gas-pwered vehicles remains far t slw. Nevertheless, the train has left the statin. Smeday, electric-pwered transprtatin will be as cmmn
5．Why are many cmpanies switching t electric-pwered vehicles?
A.T reinvent the way we travel.B.T cut the csts f car prductin.
C.T imprve the quality f prducts.D.T pursue sustainable develpment.
6．What d we knw abut the electric car?
A.It came int use a century ag.B.It enjys increasing ppularity.
C.It sells better than the traditinal ne.D.It csts less than the gas-pwered ne.
7．What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 3?
A.T shw the disadvantages f battery pwer.
B.T emphasize the significance f shrt flights.
C.T state the develpments f cmmercial flights.
D.T stress the future prspects f electric planes.
8．What des the authr mean by saying "the train has left the statin"?
A.Train transprtatin has imprved.
B.Green transprtatin is n its way.
C.The electric train is running regularly.
D.The gas-pwered train has becme the past.
Technlgy has revlutinized (使革命化) the way we wrk in many ways. One f the mst significant changes has been the shift twards remte and flexible wrk. With the rise f internet and clud-based sftware, wrkers are n lnger tied t a physical ffice and can wrk frm anywhere with an internet cnnectin. This has allwed fr greater flexibility and wrk-life balance, as well as reduced cmmuting (通勤) time and csts.
Anther majr change is the increasing use f autmatin and artificial intelligence in the wrkplace. This has the ptential t increase efficiency and prductivity, as well as reduce the need fr certain types f wrk. Hwever, it als raises cncerns abut jb displacement and the need fr wrkers t adapt t new technlgies.
Finally, technlgy has greatly expanded the types f jbs available. With the rise f the gig (临时工) ecnmy and freelance (自由职业者) wrk, wrkers can nw find pprtunities in areas such as graphic design (平面设计), cpywriting (文案撰写), and scial media management. This has created pprtunities fr individuals t wrk in areas that were previusly inaccessible r did nt exist.
9．What is the shift in the way we wrk brught abut by technlgy?
A. Flexible and remte wrk. B. Tying peple t a physical ffice.
C. Increased cmmuting and travel. D. Higher csts and lwer prductivity.
10．What is the impact f internet and clud-based sftware n the way we wrk?
A. It has reduced wrk-life balance. B. It has increased cmmuting time and csts.
C. It has allwed fr greater flexibility and wrk-life balance. D. It has caused jb displacement.
11．What are the ptential benefits f autmatin and AI in the wrkplace?
A. Increased jb displacement. B. Reduced efficiency and prductivity.
C. Increased efficiency and prductivity. D. Increased cmmuting and travel.
12．What has technlgy allwed fr in terms f jb availability?
A. Technlgy has decreased the number f available jbs.
B. Technlgy has created pprtunities fr individuals t wrk in areas that were previusly inaccessible r did nt exist.
C. Technlgy has nly impacted traditinal ffice jbs.
D. Technlgy has increased cmmuting time and csts.
Penguins are survivrs. Mdern species f the adrable birds resist freezing temperatures r dive deep in swift currents. In fact, penguins have been ding their adrable thing fr millins f years. Prehistric penguin species date back t the days f the dinsaurs. A team f researchers in New Zealand have discvered ne mre member f the ancient family, a tiny and distinctly precius species newly knwn as Eudyptula wilsnae. Its name, which cmes frm a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilsn MNZM, means Wilsn's little penguin. Explaining in their recent paper, the researchers detail hw the examinatin f small fssilized skulls(颅骨) led t the classificatin f this cute creature wh lived 50 millin years ag.
Tw fssils were discvered n New Zealand's Nrth Island. Only the skulls are still in existence, and they are slightly narrwer than thse f mdern little penguins which currently frlic(嬉戏) alng the island's casts. Frm the ne yung and ne adult skull, the researchers determined it was a new species. They likely std just abut a ft tall and weighed2 punds, much like the mdern penguins. In fact, the new species may bea late Plicene ancestr f the mdern birds.
"This is imprtant when thinking abut the rigins f these penguins, the evlutin f the seabird diversity f New Zealand and the dynamic envirnment in which they live," c-authr Daniel Thmas said in a statement. "Fr ne thing, the climate has changed a lt ver this time, and this lineage has been rbust(强健的) t thse changes." In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges fr mdern little penguins-many starved t death in 2022 as fish mved t cler waters beynd the diving abilities f the penguins.
Ancient penguins' ability t survive when temperatures were warmer in their wn time might have mdern applicatins. As cute as these fssilized small penguins are, the mdern variety needs humans t lk beynd their sweet nature t recgnize the cmplexity f their survival.
13．What is Eudyptula wilsnae's name related t?
A. A site.B. A shape.
C. A persn.D. Penguin's appearance.
14．What is the feature f the new species?
A. They lk like mdern birds.
B.They enjyed playing by the casts.
C. They share similar heights t mdern penguins.
D. They are heavier than mdern penguins.
15．What can be inferred frm the third paragraph?
A. Thmas attached insufficient imprtance t the finding.
B. The living envirnment f penguins is wrsening.
C. The changing climate has little effect n penguins.
D. Many fish died due t changes in water temperature.
16．Where is the text mst likely frm?
A. An essay frm a scientific magazine.B. An intrductin t a bk.
C.A guidebk t bilgy research.D. A review f penguins' evlutin.
“Pale Mn rains. Red Mn blws. White Mn neither rains nr snws.” Fr generatins, peple have watched the Mn fr signs f changes in the weather. The Mn des, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.
The mst bvius effect the Mn has n the Earth can be seen in the cean tides. A wrld withut tides wuld have very different weather systems. Tides are ne factr that influences the mvement f cean currents, which mve warm r cl water arund the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes. Warm cean currents bring warmer and wetter weather, while cld cean currents bring clder and drier weather.
The Mn is als thught t affect plar temperatures and cntribute t fluctuatins in the amunt f Arctic ice. Tidal frces (潮汐力) act t break up ice sheets and change cean heat flws, changing the amunt f ice in the Arctic Ocean. Satellite measurements have shwn that the ples are 0.55℃ warmer during a full Mn.
The Mn’s influence, smetimes slight and smetimes strng, has had an imprtant impact n life n Earth. Sme scientists argue that it is the Mn that made life pssible in the first place. The Mn makes the Earth mve steadily as it is spinning (自转), helping t give us a steady climate. Withut it, the Earth wuld lse balance. The Mn is ur clsest friend, withut which the Earth wuld be a very lnely place.
17．Why d peple watch the Mn accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. T appreciate the mn.B. T recrd weather patterns.
C. T prepare fr extreme weather.D. T bserve signs f weather changes
18．What impact des the Mn have n the Earth?
A. It influences water temperatureB. It makes weather hard t predict
C. It turns the earth clder and drier.D. It changes the size f cean currents.
19．What des the underlined wrd “fluctuatins” mean?
A. Change.B. Increase.C. Flw.D. Measurement.
20．What is the best title fr the passage?
A. Changes f Ocean Heat Flws.B. Patterns f the Earth’s Climate.
C. Causes f Changes in Plar Weather.D. Effects f the Mn n Glbal Weather
Osa is an athletic yet stubbrn 62-pund German shepherd. The six-year-ld dg has mastered the art f sniffing(嗅,闻) ut cancer and is key t a research prject that has the ptential t change nclgy(肿瘤学).
Osa is part f an ambitius effrt launched five years ag at the University f Pennsylvania that aims t develp ne f the mst pwerful scent-detectin(气味探测) machines in the wrld: the canine nse. She is able t distinguish between bld samples (样本) taken frm cancer patients and healthy peple simply by sniffing them.
In fact, Osa is ne f five cancer-detectin dgs trained by Annemarie DeAngel and her wrkmates at the university’s Penn Vet Wrking Dg Centre. The mst imprtant gal is t develp an “electrnic sniffer” that can have similar cancer-sniffing superpwers f Osa and her pals. Osa arrived at the Penn Vet Wrking Dg Centre frm a breeder at tw mnths f age. Ever since, she has taken training. The prcess is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dg has mastered the mst basic task f all. Finally, she has succeeded in sniffing ut cancer. T change Osa’s utstanding abilities int an electrnic nse, researchers use a similar way t train the machine.
An electrnic nse prttype(原型,模型) has been built, and it’s successful in sniffing ut cancer 90 t 95 percent f the time. That team has als crrectly detected different types f cancer, and is building a cancer-detecting device fr the Natinal Institutes f Health. One aim is t be able t distinguish between early-stage and late-stage cancer. “It wuld be amazing t identify peple at an early stage and really have an effect n saving lives,” says a researcher. “The dgs have been able t detect that. With that ability, a bld test culd be sent t a central lab, r ideally perfrmed in a dctr’s ffice, making sme hidden cancers a thing f the past. We expect that the cancer-sniffer device will be cmpleted sn.
21．What can we learn abut Osa frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. She uses nse t detect the presence f cancer.
B. She can change the curse f the nclgy.
C. She was t stubbrn t jin the research.
D. She used t be an athletic German shepherd.
22．Which f the fllwing best describes the training accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Purpseful. B. Bring.C. Strict.D. Endless.
23．What can we infer frm the researcher’s wrds?
A. Distinguishing cancers is imprtant in early experiments.
B. Bld tests will be mre difficult in the future.
C. There will be mre dgs tested fr detecting cancer.
D. The hidden cancers may be detected by an electrnic nse sn.
24．What is the text mainly abut?
A. The result f a study n dgs’ life. B. The rle f dgs in detecting cancers.
C. The imprtance f having a bld test.D. The ways t distinguish cancers.
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather, resistance t medical AI seems t cme frm a belief that AI des nt take int accunt ne's specific circumstances.”可知，人们之所以抵触医学人工智能，是因为担忧医学人工智能是否可以进行个性化治疗。
2．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“There are a number f steps that care prviders can take t vercme patients' resistance t medical AI.”及下文内容可知，作者认为帮助人们克服对医学人工智能的抵触心理的关键是要让医学人工智能提供更精确的治疗方案。
3．答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据上下文语境可知，本句表示要充分发挥医学人工智能的全部潜力要求我们首先要克服患者对算法做出决策的怀疑。故画线词与D选项意义相近。
4．答案：D
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段“Yet, as ur recent research suggests, patients shw a strng resistance t medical AI.”并结合全文信息可知，研究表明，人们对于医学人工智能的抵抗态度是医疗系统将要面临的挑战。由此可知，文章介绍了医学人工智能面临的一个挑战。
5．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As mre gvernments we get frm here t there.(随着越来越多的政府一再要求对气候变化采取紧急行动,相当多的公司押注于他们的未来—数百万消费者最终准备好接受电动汽车。现代电池驱动的汽车卖得很快,零排放的飞机即将问世。这些变化,都将带来一个更可持续的未来,正在重塑我们从这里到那里的方式。)”可知,许多公司转向开发并销售电动汽车是为了追求可持续发展。故选D。
6．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Almst vernight, the era f the electric car has arrived.(几乎在一夜之间,电动汽车的时代已经到来。)”及“Glbal annual sales f electric than 100,000 f them.(到2025年,全球电动汽车的年销量预计将从目前的仅300多万辆飙升至1,400万辆。就在福特推出广受欢迎的F-150电动版一个月后,顾客就预订了10万多辆。)”可知,电动汽车越来越受欢迎。故选B。
7．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“High-strage batteries are f miles.(目前,高容量电池在将数百人发射到天空并携带他们飞行数千里的技术挑战方面毫无用处。)”及“Prmising imprvements, hwever, d add up.(然而,有希望的改进确实增加了。)”可知,本段作者强调电动飞机的未来前景。故选D。
8．答案：B
解析：句意猜测题。根据最后一段“Our planet's as air.(我们这个星球的健康取决于到2050年将二氧化碳排放归零,然而,根据应对气候挑战所需的时间表,从汽油动力汽车的转变仍然太慢。然而,火车已经离开了车站。总有一天,电动交通工具会像空气一样普遍。)”可知,作者说“火车已经离开了车站”是表明电力运输的使用已经起航,绿色交通正在发展中。故选B。
9．答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Technlgy has revlutinized (使革命化) the way we wrk in many ways. One f the mst significant changes has been the shift twards remte and flexible wrk. (科技在许多方面彻底改变了我们的工作方式。最重要的变化之一是向远程和灵活工作的转变)”可知，科技让我们可以灵活地远程工作。故选A。
10．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“With the rise f internet and clud-based sftware, wrkers are n lnger tied t a physical ffice and can wrk frm anywhere with an internet cnnectin. This has allwed fr greater flexibility and wrk-life balance, as well as reduced cmmuting (通勤) time and csts. (随着互联网和基于云的软件的兴起，员工不再被束缚在实体办公室里，只要有互联网连接，他们就可以在任何地方工作。这使得工作更灵活，工作与生活更平衡，也减少了通勤时间和成本)”可知，互联网和基于云的软件带来了更大的灵活性和工作与生活的平衡。故选C。
11．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“This has the ptential t increase efficiency and prductivity, as well as reduce the need fr certain types f wrk. (这有可能提高效率和生产力，并减少对某些类型工作的需求)”可知，自动化和人工智能在工作场所的潜在好处是提高效率和生产力。故选C。
12．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“This has created pprtunities fr individuals t wrk in areas that were previusly inaccessible r did nt exist. (这为个人创造了在以前无法进入或不存在的领域工作的机会)”可知，就工作机会而言，科技为个人创造了在以前无法进入或不存在的领域工作的机会。故选B。
13．答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Its name, which cmes frm a New Zealand respected seabird researcher Kerry-Jayne Wilsn MNZM, means Wilsn's little penguin.”可知,这个物种的名字与一位来自新西兰的著名鸟类学家Kerry-Jayne Wilsn MNZM有关。故选C。
14．答案：C
解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They likely std just abut a ft tall and weighed 2 punds, much like the mdern penguins.”可知,它们可能只有约1英尺高,体重只有2磅,很像现代的同类,故这一物种在身高和体重上与现代的企鹅相像。故选C。
15．答案：B
解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In fact, recent warming has resulted in new challenges fr mdern little penguins—many starved t death in 2022 as fish mved t cler waters beynd the diving abilities f the penguins.”可知,最近的气候变暖给现代小企鹅带来了新的挑战。鱼类迁移到了企鹅无法潜水到达的更冷的水域,许多企鹅因此饿死。这说明气候变化对企鹅的生存环境产生了不利的影响,因此可以推断出,企鹅的生存环境正在恶化。故选B。
16．答案：A
解析：考查文章出处。文章大意:研究人员在新西兰发现了企鹅头骨化石,这些头骨属于一个新物种,这个物种被命名为Eudyptula wilsnae;研究人员试图通过研究该物种在气候变化中的生存能力来获取对现代企鹅的生存有用的启示。由此可知,文章最有可能出自科学杂志。故选A。
17．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段关键句““Pale Mn rains. Red Mn blws. White Mn neither rains nr snws.” Fr generatins, peple have watched the Mn fr signs f changes in the weather.”（“月光灰白，将有雨来。月光泛红，将要刮风。月光银白，无雨无雪。”几代人以来，人们一直在观察月球，寻找天气变化的迹象。）可知，人们一直在观察月球，是为了寻找天气变化的迹象，由此可知，根据第一段内容，人们观察月亮是为了观察天气变化的迹象。故选D项。
18．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The mst bvius effect the Mn has n the Earth can be seen in the cean tides. A wrld withut tides wuld have very different weather systems. Tides are ne factr that influences the mvement f cean currents, which mve warm r cl water arund the Earth. Thus, the water temperature changes.”（月球对地球的影响最明显的是海洋潮汐。一个没有潮汐的世界会有非常不同的天气系统。潮汐是影响洋流运动的一个因素，洋流在地球周围移动暖水或冷水。因此，水温会发生变化。）可知，月球会影响海洋潮汐，而潮汐会影响洋流运动，洋流会在地球周围移动暖水或冷水，导致地球上的水温发生变化，由此可知，月球会影响地球上的水温。故选A项。
19．答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词下句“Tidal frces (潮汐力) act t break up ice sheets and change cean heat flws, changing the amunt f ice in the Arctic Ocean.”（潮汐力的作用是打破冰盖，改变海洋热流，改变北冰洋的冰量。）可知，月球导致的潮汐力会改变北冰洋的冰量，由此可知，画线单词所在句指的是“月球导致北极冰层数量的改变”，“Change”意为“改变”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。
20．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“The Mn des, in fact, affect the Earth’s climate and weather patterns in different ways.”（事实上，月球确实以不同的方式影响地球的气候和天气模式。）可知，本文主要介绍的是月球是如何影响地球的气候和天气模式的，“Effects f the Mn n Glbal Weather”意为“月球对全球天气的影响”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
21．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中The six-year-ld dg has mastered the art f sniffing(嗅) ut cancer(这只六岁的狗已经掌握了嗅出癌症的本领)以及第二段中She is able t distinguish between bld samples taken frm cancer patients and their healthy peers simply by sniffing them.(她仅仅通过嗅嗅就能区分癌症患者和健康患者的血液样本。)可知,Osa用鼻子来知晓癌症的存在。故选A。
22．答案：C
解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中Ever since, she has taken training. The prcess is demanding, challenging and repeated until the dg has mastered the mst essential task f all.(从那以后,她开始接受训练。这个过程要求很高,很有挑战性,并且不断重复,直到狗掌握了最重要的任务。)可知,该训练非常严格。A.Purpseful.有目的的;B.Bring.无聊的;C.Strict.严格的;D.Endless.无尽的。故选C。
23．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"It wuld be incredible t identify peple at an early stage and really have an impact n saving lives," says a researcher. "The dgs have been able t detect that. With that ability, a bld test culd be sent t a central lab, r ideally perfrmed in a dctr's ffice, making sme hidden cancers a thing f the past. We expect that the cancer–sniffer device will be cmplete in a shrt time."(一名研究人员表示: "在早期阶段就识别出患者,并真正对挽救生命产生影响,这将是不可思议的。" "狗已经能够察觉到这一点。有了这种能力,血液测试可以被送到中心实验室,或者在医生的办公室里进行,使一些隐藏的癌症成为历史。我们预计这种癌症嗅探器将在短时间内完成。")可知,一些隐藏的癌症可能很快可以通过电子鼻被发现。故选D。
24．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第二段Osa is part f an ambitius effrt launched five years ag at the University f Pennsylvania that aims t develp ne f the mst pwerful scent-detectin machines in the wrld: the canine nse. She is able t distinguish between bld samples taken frm cancer patients and their healthy peers simply by sniffing them.(奥萨是五年前宾夕法尼亚大学发起的一项雄心勃勃的计划的一部分,该计划旨在开发世界上最强大的气味探测机器之一:犬鼻。她仅仅通过嗅嗅就能区分癌症患者和健康患者的血液样本。)以及上下文可知,文章主要介绍了研究者通过训练使得狗能够通过嗅觉区分癌症患者与正常人体的血液样本,以此判断病人是否患有癌症,这将为癌症嗅探器的完成提供了很大帮助。从而可知,本文主要在说明狗在检测癌症中所起的重要作用。故选B。