专题04 巧记派生词（字母q-s）-备考2024年高考英语单词变形速记精练

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一 关联背诵
qualify v.（使）具有资格--- adj. 合格的 qualified
n. 资格qualificatin
2. real a. 真实的 ---n. 现实 reality 拓展：in reality实际上
realize v. 意识到，实现--- adj. 现实的realistic
reasn n. 原因---a. 合理的 reasnable
adj.（不）合理的 (un)reasnable
4. recgnize v. ---n. 认出，认可 recgnitin （易错词）
adj.（不）可识别的 (un)recgnizable
5. recmmend v. 推荐 --- n. 推荐recmmendatin
句型It's recmmended that ...
6. recver v. 恢复---n. 恢复 recvery
7. reduce v. 减少---n. 减少 reductin
8. refer v. 参考，查阅，提及--- n. 参考，查阅 reference
9. refer v. 谈到 --- n. 提及reference
10. refuse v. 拒绝 --- n. 拒绝refusal
形近词：arrival, survival
11. regret n.&v. 遗憾 ---- adj. 遗憾的regretful
12. regular adj. 规则的;固定的---adj. 不规则的irregular
adv.有规律地regularly
regular custmer老顾客
13. relate v. 有关 --- n. 亲戚relative
be related t和……相关的
14. relax v. （使）放松 --- n. 放松relaxatin
adj.感到轻松的relaxed
adj.令人放松的relaxing
15. rely vi. 依赖; --- adj. 可靠的 reliable
n. 可靠reliability
句型：rely n it that…;
rely n sb t d sth指望某人做某事
16. relieve v. 缓解 --- n. 减轻，解除 relief
17. religin n. 宗教 --- a. 宗教的religius
18. remain vi. 剩下;保持(系动词）--- adj. 剩下的remaining
the remaining apples=the apples left
19. remind v. 提醒--- n. 提醒reminder
20. repeat v. 重复 --- n. 重复repetitin
21. require v. 要求--- n. 要求requirement
22. reserve v. 预定 --- n. 预定reservatin
23. resist v. 抵抗--- n. 抵抗resistance
24. respnd v. 回应 --- n. 回应respnse
25. respnsible adj. 负责的--- n. 责任respnsibility (2022全国乙卷)
adj. 不负责任的irrespnsible
26. retire v. 退休 --- n. 退休retirement
27. revise v. 复习--- n. 复习revisin
28. reward v. 报答，给...报酬 --- adj. 有回报的rewarding
29. rb v. 抢夺，抢劫 --- n. 抢劫者rbber
n. 抢劫rbbery
30. safe adj. 安全的 n. 保险柜--- n. 安全 safety
31. satisfy v. 满足 --- n. 满意satisfactin
adj. 感到满意的satisfied
adj. 令人满意的satisfying/satisfactry
32. schlar n. 学者 --- n. 奖学金schlarship
33. scientist n. 科学家 --- adj. 科学的 scientific
34. seasn n. 季；季节 --- a. 季节的seasnal
35. secure a. 安全的 --- n. 安全security
36. self n. 自己 -- a. 自私的 selfish
adj. 无私的selfless
serve vt. 服务;--- n. 服务 service
serve as/wrk as/act as充当，作为...;
serve in服役
38. settle v. 安家，定居--- n. 定居地settlement
39. shame n. 羞耻，羞愧--- adj. 感到惭愧的ashamed
adj. 可耻的 shameful
40. sharp adj. 锋利的，尖的;急促的--- v. 削尖 sharpen
a sharp turn急转弯
41. sign v. --- n. 签名signature
42. similar adj. 相似的 --- n. 相似 similarity
adv相似地similarly
43. simple a. 简单的simply adv. 简单地 --- v. 简化simplify
44. smell v. 闻 ---adj. 有臭味的 smelly
45. scial a. 社会的；社交的 ---n. 社会 sciety
46. srry adj. 难过的 --- n. 悲伤，悲痛srrw
47. special a. 特别的，专门的 --- n. 专家 specialist
48. spirit n. 精神--- a. 精神的spiritual
49. starve v. 挨饿--- n. 饥饿starvatin
50. state v. 陈述 --- n. 陈述statement
二 速记练习
qualify v.（使）具有资格--- adj. 合格的 __________
n. 资格 _________
real a. 真实的 ---n. 现实 _________
v. 意识到，实现 _________; adj. 现实的__________
3. reasn n. 原因---a. 合理的 __________; adj.（不）合理的__________
4. recgnize v. ---n. 认出，认可 __________;
adj.（不）可识别的 ____________
5. recmmend v. 推荐 --- n. 推荐__________ （句型It's ___________ that ...)
6. recver v. 恢复---n. 恢复 __________
7. reduce v. 减少---n. 减少 __________
8. refer v. 参考，查阅，提及--- n. 参考，查阅 _________
9. refer v. 谈到 ---n. 提及_________
10. refuse v. 拒绝 --- n. 拒绝__________;
11. regret n.&v. 遗憾 ---- adj. 遗憾的_________
12. regular adj. 规则的;固定的---老顾客 _____________
adj. 不规则的__________;
adv.有规律地_________
relate v. 有关 --- n. 亲戚_________;
be __________t和……相关的
14. relax v. （使）放松 --- n. 放松__________;
adj.感到轻松的__________; 令人放松的_________
15. rely vi. 依赖; --- adj. 可靠的 ____________ ;
16. relieve v. 缓解 --- n. 减轻，解除 ___________
17. religin n. 宗教 --- a. 宗教的_________
18. remain vi. 剩下;保持(系动词）--- adj. 剩下的_________；
19. remind v. 提醒 --- n. 提醒_________
20. repeat v. 重复 --- n. 重复__________
21. require v. 要求 --- n. 要求___________
22. reserve v. 预定 --- n. 预定__________
23. resist v. 抵抗 --- n. 抵抗____________
24. respnd v. 回应 respnse n. 回应____________
25. respnsible adj. 负责的--- n. 责任__________;
adj. 不负责任的__________
26. retire v. 退休 --- n. 退休____________
27. revise v. 复习--- n. 复习____________
28. reward v. 报答，给...报酬 --- adj. 有回报的____________
29. rb v. 抢夺，抢劫 --- n. 抢劫者____________
n. 抢劫____________
30. safe adj. 安全的 n. 保险柜--- n. 安全 ____________
31. satisfy v. 满足 --- n. 满意 ____________
adj. 感到满意的__________; adj. 令人满意的___________
32. schlar n. 学者 -- n. 奖学金____________
33. scientist n. 科学家 --- adj. 科学的 ____________
34. seasn n. 季；季节 --- a. 季节的____________
35. secure a. 安全的 --- n. 安全____________
36. self n. 自己 -- a. 自私的____________
adj. 无私的___________
serve vt. 服务; n. 服务__________
38. settle v. 安家，定居 --- n. 定居地____________
39. shame n. 羞耻，羞愧--- adj. 感到惭愧的_________ ---adj. 可耻的 ___________
40. sharp adj. 锋利的，尖的;急促的a _______ turn急转弯 --- v. 削尖 sharpen____________
41. sign v. --- n. 签名____________
42. similar adj. 相似的 --- n. 相似____________
adv相似地 ____________
simple a. 简单的---adv. 简单地____________
v. 简化 ____________
44. smell v. 闻 ---adj. 有臭味的 ____________
45. scial a. 社会的；社交的 ---n. 社会 ____________
46. srry adj. 难过的 --- n. 悲伤，悲痛____________
47. special a. 特别的，专门的 --- n. 专家 ____________
48. spirit n. 精神 --- a. 精神的____________
49. starve v. 挨饿--- n. 饥饿____________
50. state v. 陈述--- n. 陈述____________
三 真题演练
1.（2023年全国乙卷）The ________ (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, means there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
2.（2023年新高考I卷）N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is ________ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left wanting mre next time.
3.(2022全国乙卷) The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway ____________(safe) , reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved.
4.(2022全国乙卷) As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the largest tea-prducing cuntry, China has a____________（respnsible）t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry. It can help t build a cmmunity with a shared future fr mankind," he said.
5.( 天津卷 ) My brther said, "When yur mind flats away, yu _____________(simple) cme back. Dn't blame yurself."
6.(全国甲卷) The mre we lk, the mre we will see that ____________(sciety) factrs like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius.
7.(山东卷) Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural ____________(refer) , making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes.
8.( 浙江卷 ) That yung man is hnest, cperative, always there when yu need his help. In shrt, he's ____________(rely) .
9.( 北京卷 ) If yu aren’t ____________(satisfy), just write t custmer service within 21 days.
10.（ 浙江卷） A cuple f years ag film-maker David Bnd realized that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a ____________(respnd).
答案： 1.remarkable 2.rarely 3.safety 4.respnsibility 5.simply 6. scial 7. references 8. reliable 9. satisfied 10. respnse
四 模拟演练
1．With these requirements f tai chi in mind, I fund t my (satisfy) that my balance and flexibility slwly imprved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】satisfactin
【详解】考查名词。句意：考虑到太极的这些要求，我满意地发现我的平衡和灵活性慢慢地提高了。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，satisfy的名词形式是satisfactin，不可数名词，t ne's satisfactin“令某人满意的是”。故填satisfactin。
2．She had her wallet (steal) n her way hme yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stlen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天她在回家的路上钱包被偷了。分析句子结构可知，句中的谓语动词为使役动词had，所以空处需要非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词steal和宾语her wallet之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。have sth. dne在句中表示“（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况”。故填stlen。
3．The (surrund) villages are bathed in fascinating mnlight, which almst takes ur breath away.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】surrunding
【详解】考查形容词。句意：周围的村庄沐浴在迷人的月光下，几乎让我们屏住呼吸。空处需填形容词surrunding，作定语，修饰名词villages，意为“周围的”。故填surrunding。
4．Please excuse me fr my (rude) at yur birthday party. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】rudeness
【详解】考查名词。句意：请原谅我在你生日聚会上的粗鲁。由句意及空前的 excuse me fr my可知应填名词形式rudeness，作宾语。故填rudeness。
5．The weak team set ff withut any (expect) f success.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expectatin
【详解】考查名词。句意：弱队出发了，对成功没有任何期望。空格处用名词作宾语，expect的名词是expectatin，意为“期望”，此处是不可数名词，故填expectatin。
6．The schl is intended (remve) the bad effect brught by the lab explsin. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】t remve
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：学校打算消除实验室爆炸带来的不良影响。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语be intended t d sth.意为“打算作某事”，所以此处应为不定式形式，且表示主动意义。故填t remve。
7．The (survive) f the fire were taken t the nearest hspital withut delay. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】survivrs
【详解】考查名词。句意：火灾的幸存者立即被送往最近的医院。定冠词the修饰名词，空处需填名词survivr，作主语，结合“were”可知，此处需填名词复数形式。故填survivrs。
8．Dn’t believe whatever yu read. Yu need t gather infrmatin frm (rely) surces.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】reliable
【详解】考查形容词。句意：不要相信你读到的任何东西。你需要从可靠的来源收集信息。名词surces前用形容词修饰。rely的形容词形式为reliable，表示“可靠的”。故填reliable。
9．The gvernment take measures t ensure (确保) the (survive) f ur natural resurces. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】survival
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府采取措施确保自然资源的生存。作动词的宾语，应用名词survival，不可数。故填survival。
10．Currently, there are many mre (retire) wrkers than thse wh pay int (存入) the pensin system.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】retired
【详解】考查形容词。句意：目前，退休工人比那些向养老金系统缴费的人要多得多。修饰名词wrkers应用形容词retired，作定语。故填retired。