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北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 12作业含答案
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这是一份北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 12作业含答案，共19页。
4UNIT 12 INNOVATION (满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟) 第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分) A Bike Rental & Guided Tours (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam，welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.PricesGuided City Tours The2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1．What is an advantage of MacBike?A．It gives children a discount.B．It offers many types of bikes.C．It organizes free cycle tours.D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A．15.75． B．19.50.C．22.75． D．29.50.3．Where does the guided city tour start?A．The Gooyer，Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在Amsterdam进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。1．B 推理判断题。根据Why MacBike部分中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车). ”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B项。2．C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要(14.75＋8)＝22.75欧元。故选C项。3．D 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. ”可知，行程是从Dam Square开始的。故选D项。B (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. ” 4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A．To review John’s research plans.B．To show an application of John’s idea.C．To compare John’s different jobs.D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.7．What is the basis for John’s work?A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water to survive.C．Life on Earth is diverse.D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学。他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。4．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making(当John Todd还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，John Todd开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物). ”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，John又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质)？”可知，John聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C项。5．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. ”以及第四段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水). ”可知，John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D项。6．B 推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China(这些年来，John承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自South Burlington 1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁我国东南部城市福州的管道水). ”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B项。7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair’(’你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式’). ”可知，John工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。C (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful, insects are awful. ” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands-on experiments such as soil testing，flower-and-seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently，” Jaramillo says.She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says，“and they feel successful. ” 8．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A．She used to be a health worker.B．She grew up in a low-income family.C．She owns a fast food restaurant.D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.9．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A．The kids’ parents distrusted her.B．Students had little time for her classes.C．Some kids disliked garden work.D．There was no space for school gardens.10．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A．Far-reaching. B．Predictable.C．Short-lived. D．Unidentifiable.11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在四所低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。8．D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools(起初是这样的，Abby Jaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目). ”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D项。9．C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…she says. ’They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. ’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new(……她说。’他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西). ”可知，在项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。10．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ’They get outside，’ she says, ’and they feel successful’(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。’他们走了出去，’她说，’他们觉得成功’). ”可知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。11．C 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles(起初是这样的，Abby Jaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式). ”和最后一段中的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园). ”可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。由此推断，C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合题意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。D For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.12．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A．It causes temporary hearing loss.B．It slows down a running man.C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.13．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A．They travel in circles.B．They clear the atmosphere.C．They can be transformed into energy.D．They can be directed onto a specific area.14．Directed sound can be used for ______ .A．creative designs of restaurant menus B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage C．different choices of music for businesses D．strict control over any suspicious customer 15．What does the passage focus on?A．How professionals invented sound products.B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.C．The growing interest in the study of sound.D．How sound engineers work in their studios.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。12．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly. ”可知，它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A项。13．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a ’spotsound’ creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. ”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域。故选D项。14．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly，”spotsound“ creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choice on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. ”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C项。15．B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. ”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的密室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person (2023年全国甲卷)Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. __16__ In the Digital Age，we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience，we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.●Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. __17__ “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California.●Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. __18__ Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.● __19__ So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ __20__ ” You’ll then gradually become more patient.A．Find your causes.B．Start with small tasks.C．Accept the uncomfortable.D．All this adds up to a state of hurry.E．It can also help us practice more patience.F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。16．G 根据上文的“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer(这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个). ”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，再结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知，都需要耐心。G项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心。”符合语境。故选G项。17．E 根据上文的“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观). ”以及下文“’Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，’ said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：’表达感激可以培养自我控制能力’). ”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处。由此可知，此处继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E项中的“It”指代上文中的“Thankfulness”。E项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。”符合语境。故选E项。18．B 根据上文的“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习). ”以及下文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕). ”可知，下文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待。B项“从小任务开始。”符合语境。故选B项。19．C 根据空后的“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心). ”可知，本部分提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态。结合上文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本部分的主旨与接受不舒适相关。C项中的“uncomfortable”对应下文中的“comfortable”。C项“接受不舒服。”符合语境。故选C项。20．F 根据上文的“You should learn to say to yourself…”以及下文中的“You’ll then gradually become more patient. ”可知，本部分主要说明的是不舒服的状态。由此可知，此处为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关。F项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受。”符合语境。故选F项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Danielle was living in a new city with no local bank of her own. She desperately needed to __21__ a bank to cash her paycheck. For more than two weeks, she made __22__ one after another but in vain.Danielle decided to attend a meeting at the local women’s resource centre. The women there had been a strong source of encouragement since she came here. Sitting next to Danielle, Amy began to share the details of her __23__ situation. She was just days away from __24__ her home and her car. Her phone and electric services were both scheduled to be cancelled. Her husband had gambled away their money. She had nothing left.As Amy described the situation, Danielle __25__ God’s soft whisper in her heart: “After the meeting, give Amy twenty dollars. ” Danielle immediately thought, “But I can’t. I only have forty dollars. ” She heard the __26__ again. Danielle knew she needed to follow. When the meeting __27__ , she __28__ her purse and quietly handed twenty dollars to Amy. Knowing Danielle’s situation, Amy was __29__ to accept it at first. But as a crowd of women __30__ to give Amy hugs of support, Danielle told her that God wanted her to have it. Then Danielle left.With just twenty dollars left in her wallet, Danielle decided to try cashing her paycheck at just one more bank before __31__ home. She was __32__ filled with renewed confidence and optimism. She walked into the bank next to the women’s centre. Moments later, the bank __33__ her paycheck with no questions asked. Wearing a big smile, Danielle returned home.Realising true hope has no __34__ , she continues to be __35__ for the lifetime supply that she received for just twenty dollars.21．A．select B．find C．consult D．search 22．A．decisions B．choices C．appointments D．attempts 23．A．similar B．unique C．desperate D．social 24．A．ruining B．leaving C．missing D．losing 25．A．received B．found C．heard D．felt 26．A．story B．advice C．order D．voice 27．A．negotiated B．established C．concluded D．threatened 28．A．reached into B．put away C．gave out D．took on 29．A．unwilling B．anxious C．eager D．embarrassed 30．A．intended B．approached C．managed D．continued 31．A．leaving B．sailing C．heading D．departing 32．A．anyhow B．somehow C．therefore D．otherwise 33．A．counted B．checked C．cashed D．tested 34．A．price B．cost C．cause D．purpose 35．A．ready B．welcome C．fortunate D．thankful 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Danielle的一段困难的经历。她曾经一直无法找到能够取钱的银行，所以过着困顿的生活。在当地一家妇女会参加活动时，Danielle听说了Amy的经历，将自己仅有的40美元分了一半给Amy，希望帮助更为困顿的Amy。在回家之前，她再次去银行试了一下兑现支票，结果成功了。Danielle意识到希望无价。21．B 句意：她急需找一家银行兑现她的薪水。 select选择； find寻找； consult咨询； search搜寻。通过下文“to cash her paycheck”可知，她要找一家银行兑现。故选B项。22．D 句意：两个多星期了，她去了一家又一家银行，但都是徒劳。 decisions决定； choices选择； appointments约会； attempts尝试。根据句意可知，此处是make attempts，“尝试(兑现)”。故选D项。23．C 句意：坐在Danielle旁边的Amy开始详述她现在令人绝望的困境。 similar相似的； unique独特的； desperate令人绝望的； social社会的。根据下文中Amy快失去房子、车子，甚至连电话都快被停用了。由此可知，Amy处于很绝望的状态。故选C项。24．D 句意：她还有几天就要失去房子和车子了。根据下文中她电话和用电即将被停用。由此可知她的窘境，而这一切的原因是她的丈夫把钱赌光了。此处表示“失去”房子和车子。故选D项。25．C 句意：当Amy描述这一情况时，Danielle听到上帝在她心里轻声说：“集会结束后，给Amy 20美元。”根据下文的“whisper(耳语)”和第26空前的“heard”可知，此处表示“听到”。故选C项。26．D 句意：她再次听到了这个声音。根据上文的whisper和引号里的内容可知，此处是声音。故选D项。27．C 句意：当集会结束时，她把手伸进了钱包，平静地把20美元递给Amy。negotiate 协商； establish 建立； conclude 结束； threaten 威胁。根据文意可知，是在聚会“结束”的时候，Danielle给了Amy 20美元。故选C项。28．A 句意：同上题。 reached into伸手去拿；put away收起来； gave out分发；took on承担。根据下文内容可知，她应当是从钱包里掏出20美元递给Amy。故选A项。29．A 句意：Amy知道Danielle的处境，一开始并不愿意接受。 unwilling不情愿的； anxious焦虑的； eager渴望的； embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文内容可知，Amy知道Danielle的艰难，所以不愿接受她的钱。故选A项。30．B 句意：但当一群女士走过来拥抱Amy支持她时，Danielle告诉她，上帝想让她拥有它。 intended意图； approached接近； managed管理； continued继续。根据句意可知，此处是人们走近。故选B项。31．C 句意：钱包里只剩下20美元，Danielle决定在回家前再去一家银行支取现金。 leaving离开； sailing航行； heading朝……行进； departing出发。此处指回家前，所以是朝着家的方向行进。故选C项。32．B 句意：不知怎么，她又恢复了信心和乐观。上文说到她已经失望了，但是后面又充满了信心，所以是不知怎么的。故选B项。33．C 句意：过了一会儿，银行给她支取了现金，没有问任何问题。 counted数数； checked检查； cashed支付现金； tested测试。根据下文的“Wearing a big smile”可知，此处Danielle兑现支票成功了。故选C项。34．A 句意：真正的希望是无价的，意识到这一点，她依旧感谢那段只有20美元的生活经历。 此处Danielle给了Amy希望，这是无法用价格衡量的。故选A项。35．D 句意：同上题。根据语境可知，此处指Danielle感谢帮助他人给自己带来了收获。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot， 36．________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one，you have to decide whether 37．________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出)， 38．________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39．________ (recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed 40．________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 41．________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42．________ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43．________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them，one steamer is 44．________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left 45．________ (want) more next time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包的美味、发源地以及制作方法，等等。36．tasty 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，因此空格处需用tasty表示“美味的”作定语。故填tasty。37．to bite 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆发。decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语。空格处与后面“to put”并列作宾语。故填to bite。38．or 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆发。whether … or … 表示“是……还是……”，为固定搭配。故填or。39．recognised 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格处在名词home前面作定语，动词recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语。recognized表示“被公认的”，也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。40．by 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand表示“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。41．to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth. 表示“允许某人做某事”可知，空格处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词lift与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。42．their 考查代词。句意：同上题。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。43．a 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。a touch of 表示“一点点；稍许”，为常用搭配。touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。44．rarely 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely表示“少有”。故填rarely。45．wanting 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上题。分析句子结构可知，空格处考查“leave sb＋宾语补足语”。本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 中国汉字博大精深，它有着多种造字方法以及丰富的寓意。假定你是李华，请你写一封英语书信，向你的笔友Mark介绍你最喜欢的一个汉字，聊聊它的构成、含义以及你最喜欢它的原因。注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mark， How are you these days？ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Mark， How are you these days？ Recently, I’ve done some research on Chinese characters. As a unique part of Chinese culture, they have a long history and there are various ways of creating new characters and expressing plentiful meanings. Here I’d like to introduce my favourite Chinese character to you.It is the character “想” that I am talking about, which consists of two parts. “相” is the sound element, while “心” indicates “thought” and “emotion”. In addition to the structure of the character, what attracts me most is its abundant meanings such as “missing” “thought” and “imagination”， enabling people to express different meanings appropriately according to the contexts. So having a good command of Chinese characters can help you understand Chinese culture profoundly.If you have any interest in knowing more about Chinese characters, just let me know.Best wishes！ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When my husband Randy died in late fall，deciding what to do with his garden was way down on the list of necessary tasks. During the first few months，I cried with our children，planned a memorial，cried with my family，celebrated a quiet Thanksgiving，and panicked over not having bought Christmas presents.As the calendar turned to a new year，the often rainy days and long nights deepened my sorrow. I found myself exhausted at the end of February, both physically and mentally.Then the daffodils bloomed(开花) in the garden.Years before, Randy had planted dozens of these lemon-yellow flowers. To him, they served as a reminder of hope，a promise that light and warmth would soon replace cold and dark. Looking at those daffodils, I thought about how Randy had considered our garden a living work of art, carefully choosing plants so we’d see new blooms every month.Then I noticed all the weeds that had taken root and spread everywhere. The neglect(疏于打理) showed, for Randy’s illness had lasted a couple of years, a time when he didn’t have energy for yard work the way he had before.Faced with the neglected garden，I felt overwhelmed in the beginning. My daughters suggested I hire a service to clean everything up. I didn’t respond.Every time I sat in the garden alone，the memories of the lively garden came flooding，like the numerous scenes in an unforgettable film. Many days Randy came home from work，changed into old clothes，and headed out the door to mow or prune(修剪). Orange dragonflies followed him around the yard as he worked. Honeybees buzzed among the flowers，birds sang beautiful songs，and gentle breezes carried the sweet smell of dirt. No matter how cold or wet it was，the fresh air and physical activity made him energized and refreshed. For Randy，the work was quiet and comforting, which was a relief, as well as a pleasure.注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。The days grew warmer and lighter, and I started the work myself. _______________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： The days grew warmer and lighter, and I started the work myself. I realised I need to take care of the garden just like what Randy did before. Randy used to treat the garden as a living work of art. If he were alive, he wouldn’t be happy to see the garden in a mess. Therefore, I needed to take care of the garden just like what Randy did. I started weeding, watering and looking after the daffodils. It seemed like to me working in the garden was a way to commemorate Randy.Weeks later，my daughter returned to visit me. __________________________________ ________________________________________________________ One possible version： Weeks later, my daughter returned to visit me. She was very surprised at what she saw. Orange dragonflies were flying around the yard. Honeybees buzzed among the flowers and birds sang beautiful songs. She used to be worried I would be in a bad mood. But now she realised everything was in a good order. Seeing this, she said it looks as if her father was always with us. TimeHand Brake，Three GearsFoot Brake，No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00
4UNIT 12 INNOVATION (满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟) 第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分) A Bike Rental & Guided Tours (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Welcome to Amsterdam，welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车)，bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡)，bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.PricesGuided City Tours The2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1．What is an advantage of MacBike?A．It gives children a discount.B．It offers many types of bikes.C．It organizes free cycle tours.D．It has over 2，500 rental shops.2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A．15.75． B．19.50.C．22.75． D．29.50.3．Where does the guided city tour start?A．The Gooyer，Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在Amsterdam进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式、价格等细节。1．B 推理判断题。根据Why MacBike部分中的“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes(我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车). ”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B项。2．C 细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要(14.75＋8)＝22.75欧元。故选C项。3．D 细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1：00 pm every day. ”可知，行程是从Dam Square开始的。故选D项。B (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair. ” 4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone.C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor.5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem.C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine.6．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A．To review John’s research plans.B．To show an application of John’s idea.C．To compare John’s different jobs.D．To erase doubts about John’s invention.7．What is the basis for John’s work?A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water to survive.C．Life on Earth is diverse.D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学。他建造了一个生态机器，利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水。4．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making(当John Todd还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，John Todd开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏物). ”以及第二段中的“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，John又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质)？”可知，John聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C项。5．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks, John added the sludge. ”以及第四段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水). ”可知，John把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D项。6．B 推理判断题。根据第五段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1，600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China(这些年来，John承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自South Burlington 1 600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁我国东南部城市福州的管道水). ”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示John想法的应用。故选B项。7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair’(’你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式’). ”可知，John工作的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。C (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful, insects are awful. ” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands-on experiments such as soil testing，flower-and-seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently，” Jaramillo says.She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says，“and they feel successful. ” 8．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?A．She used to be a health worker.B．She grew up in a low-income family.C．She owns a fast food restaurant.D．She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.9．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program?A．The kids’ parents distrusted her.B．Students had little time for her classes.C．Some kids disliked garden work.D．There was no space for school gardens.10．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?A．Far-reaching. B．Predictable.C．Short-lived. D．Unidentifiable.11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Rescuing School Gardens B．Experiencing Country Life C．Growing Vegetable Lovers D．Changing Local Landscape 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在四所低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。8．D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools(起初是这样的，Abby Jaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目). ”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D项。9．C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…she says. ’They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful. ’ Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new(……她说。’他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。’虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西). ”可知，在项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。10．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. ’They get outside，’ she says, ’and they feel successful’(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。’他们走了出去，’她说，’他们觉得成功’). ”可知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。11．C 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles(起初是这样的，Abby Jaramillo说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了Urban Sprouts学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式). ”和最后一段中的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园). ”可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。由此推断，C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合题意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。D For people, who are interested in sound, the field of sound technology is definitely making noise. In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.Sound can be used as a weapon. Imagine that a police officer is chasing a thief. The thief tries to escape. And the officer can’t let him get away. He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on. The thief drops to the ground. This new weapon is called a Long Range Acoustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet, sound can now create silence. Let’s say you are at the airport, and the little boy on the seat next to you is humming(哼唱) a short commercial song. He hums it over and over again, and you are about to go crazy. Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. One may wonder how the Silence Machine works. Well, it functions by analyzing the waves of the incoming sound and creating a second set of outgoing waves. The two sets of waves cancel each other out. Simply turn the machine or point it at the target, and your peace and quiet comes back.Directed sound is a new technology that allows companies to use sound in much the same way spotlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, “spotsound” creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. Directed sound is also beginning to appear in shopping centers and even at homes.12．What could be inferred from Paragraph 2 about the effect of the LRAD?A．It causes temporary hearing loss.B．It slows down a running man.C．It makes it easy to identify a suspect.D．It keeps the suspect from hurting others.13．What feature do spotsounds and spotlights share?A．They travel in circles.B．They clear the atmosphere.C．They can be transformed into energy.D．They can be directed onto a specific area.14．Directed sound can be used for ______ .A．creative designs of restaurant menus B．ideal sound effects on the theater stage C．different choices of music for businesses D．strict control over any suspicious customer 15．What does the passage focus on?A．How professionals invented sound products.B．Inventions in the field of sound technology.C．The growing interest in the study of sound.D．How sound engineers work in their studios.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。12．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It produces a deafening sound so painful that it temporarily disables a person. The noise from the LRAD is directed like a ray of light and travels only into the ears of that person, but it is not deadly. ”可知，它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A项。13．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly, a ’spotsound’ creates a circle of sound in one targeted area. ”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域。故选D项。14．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A spotlight lights up only one section of a stage; similarly，”spotsound“ creates a circle of sound in on targeted area. This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers. Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choice on the menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining. ”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个“spotsound”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C项。15．B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound. ”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的密室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person (2023年全国甲卷)Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There is one answer. __16__ In the Digital Age，we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience，we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.●Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic. __17__ “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California.●Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. __18__ Put off watching your favourite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations.● __19__ So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself, “ __20__ ” You’ll then gradually become more patient.A．Find your causes.B．Start with small tasks.C．Accept the uncomfortable.D．All this adds up to a state of hurry.E．It can also help us practice more patience.F．This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable.G．They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。16．G 根据上文的“Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There’s one answer(这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个). ”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，再结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知，都需要耐心。G项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心。”符合语境。故选G项。17．E 根据上文的“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观). ”以及下文“’Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，’ said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：’表达感激可以培养自我控制能力’). ”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处。由此可知，此处继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E项中的“It”指代上文中的“Thankfulness”。E项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。”符合语境。故选E项。18．B 根据上文的“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习). ”以及下文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕). ”可知，下文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待。B项“从小任务开始。”符合语境。故选B项。19．C 根据空后的“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心). ”可知，本部分提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态。结合上文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本部分的主旨与接受不舒适相关。C项中的“uncomfortable”对应下文中的“comfortable”。C项“接受不舒服。”符合语境。故选C项。20．F 根据上文的“You should learn to say to yourself…”以及下文中的“You’ll then gradually become more patient. ”可知，本部分主要说明的是不舒服的状态。由此可知，此处为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关。F项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受。”符合语境。故选F项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) Danielle was living in a new city with no local bank of her own. She desperately needed to __21__ a bank to cash her paycheck. For more than two weeks, she made __22__ one after another but in vain.Danielle decided to attend a meeting at the local women’s resource centre. The women there had been a strong source of encouragement since she came here. Sitting next to Danielle, Amy began to share the details of her __23__ situation. She was just days away from __24__ her home and her car. Her phone and electric services were both scheduled to be cancelled. Her husband had gambled away their money. She had nothing left.As Amy described the situation, Danielle __25__ God’s soft whisper in her heart: “After the meeting, give Amy twenty dollars. ” Danielle immediately thought, “But I can’t. I only have forty dollars. ” She heard the __26__ again. Danielle knew she needed to follow. When the meeting __27__ , she __28__ her purse and quietly handed twenty dollars to Amy. Knowing Danielle’s situation, Amy was __29__ to accept it at first. But as a crowd of women __30__ to give Amy hugs of support, Danielle told her that God wanted her to have it. Then Danielle left.With just twenty dollars left in her wallet, Danielle decided to try cashing her paycheck at just one more bank before __31__ home. She was __32__ filled with renewed confidence and optimism. She walked into the bank next to the women’s centre. Moments later, the bank __33__ her paycheck with no questions asked. Wearing a big smile, Danielle returned home.Realising true hope has no __34__ , she continues to be __35__ for the lifetime supply that she received for just twenty dollars.21．A．select B．find C．consult D．search 22．A．decisions B．choices C．appointments D．attempts 23．A．similar B．unique C．desperate D．social 24．A．ruining B．leaving C．missing D．losing 25．A．received B．found C．heard D．felt 26．A．story B．advice C．order D．voice 27．A．negotiated B．established C．concluded D．threatened 28．A．reached into B．put away C．gave out D．took on 29．A．unwilling B．anxious C．eager D．embarrassed 30．A．intended B．approached C．managed D．continued 31．A．leaving B．sailing C．heading D．departing 32．A．anyhow B．somehow C．therefore D．otherwise 33．A．counted B．checked C．cashed D．tested 34．A．price B．cost C．cause D．purpose 35．A．ready B．welcome C．fortunate D．thankful 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Danielle的一段困难的经历。她曾经一直无法找到能够取钱的银行，所以过着困顿的生活。在当地一家妇女会参加活动时，Danielle听说了Amy的经历，将自己仅有的40美元分了一半给Amy，希望帮助更为困顿的Amy。在回家之前，她再次去银行试了一下兑现支票，结果成功了。Danielle意识到希望无价。21．B 句意：她急需找一家银行兑现她的薪水。 select选择； find寻找； consult咨询； search搜寻。通过下文“to cash her paycheck”可知，她要找一家银行兑现。故选B项。22．D 句意：两个多星期了，她去了一家又一家银行，但都是徒劳。 decisions决定； choices选择； appointments约会； attempts尝试。根据句意可知，此处是make attempts，“尝试(兑现)”。故选D项。23．C 句意：坐在Danielle旁边的Amy开始详述她现在令人绝望的困境。 similar相似的； unique独特的； desperate令人绝望的； social社会的。根据下文中Amy快失去房子、车子，甚至连电话都快被停用了。由此可知，Amy处于很绝望的状态。故选C项。24．D 句意：她还有几天就要失去房子和车子了。根据下文中她电话和用电即将被停用。由此可知她的窘境，而这一切的原因是她的丈夫把钱赌光了。此处表示“失去”房子和车子。故选D项。25．C 句意：当Amy描述这一情况时，Danielle听到上帝在她心里轻声说：“集会结束后，给Amy 20美元。”根据下文的“whisper(耳语)”和第26空前的“heard”可知，此处表示“听到”。故选C项。26．D 句意：她再次听到了这个声音。根据上文的whisper和引号里的内容可知，此处是声音。故选D项。27．C 句意：当集会结束时，她把手伸进了钱包，平静地把20美元递给Amy。negotiate 协商； establish 建立； conclude 结束； threaten 威胁。根据文意可知，是在聚会“结束”的时候，Danielle给了Amy 20美元。故选C项。28．A 句意：同上题。 reached into伸手去拿；put away收起来； gave out分发；took on承担。根据下文内容可知，她应当是从钱包里掏出20美元递给Amy。故选A项。29．A 句意：Amy知道Danielle的处境，一开始并不愿意接受。 unwilling不情愿的； anxious焦虑的； eager渴望的； embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文内容可知，Amy知道Danielle的艰难，所以不愿接受她的钱。故选A项。30．B 句意：但当一群女士走过来拥抱Amy支持她时，Danielle告诉她，上帝想让她拥有它。 intended意图； approached接近； managed管理； continued继续。根据句意可知，此处是人们走近。故选B项。31．C 句意：钱包里只剩下20美元，Danielle决定在回家前再去一家银行支取现金。 leaving离开； sailing航行； heading朝……行进； departing出发。此处指回家前，所以是朝着家的方向行进。故选C项。32．B 句意：不知怎么，她又恢复了信心和乐观。上文说到她已经失望了，但是后面又充满了信心，所以是不知怎么的。故选B项。33．C 句意：过了一会儿，银行给她支取了现金，没有问任何问题。 counted数数； checked检查； cashed支付现金； tested测试。根据下文的“Wearing a big smile”可知，此处Danielle兑现支票成功了。故选C项。34．A 句意：真正的希望是无价的，意识到这一点，她依旧感谢那段只有20美元的生活经历。 此处Danielle给了Amy希望，这是无法用价格衡量的。故选A项。35．D 句意：同上题。根据语境可知，此处指Danielle感谢帮助他人给自己带来了收获。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings)，those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot， 36．________ (taste) soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favourite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one，you have to decide whether 37．________ (bite) a small hole in it first，releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出)， 38．________ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 39．________ (recognise) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighbouring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed 40．________ hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them 41．________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 42．________ (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 43．________ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them，one steamer is 44．________ (rare) enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left 45．________ (want) more next time.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包的美味、发源地以及制作方法，等等。36．tasty 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，因此空格处需用tasty表示“美味的”作定语。故填tasty。37．to bite 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆发。decide to do sth. 表示“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语。空格处与后面“to put”并列作宾语。故填to bite。38．or 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆发。whether … or … 表示“是……还是……”，为固定搭配。故填or。39．recognised 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格处在名词home前面作定语，动词recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语。recognized表示“被公认的”，也可以看作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。40．by 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand表示“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。41．to be lifted 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth. 表示“允许某人做某事”可知，空格处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。动词lift与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。42．their 考查代词。句意：同上题。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。43．a 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的、清澈的、美味的。a touch of 表示“一点点；稍许”，为常用搭配。touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数。故填a。44．rarely 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely表示“少有”。故填rarely。45．wanting 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上题。分析句子结构可知，空格处考查“leave sb＋宾语补足语”。本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 中国汉字博大精深，它有着多种造字方法以及丰富的寓意。假定你是李华，请你写一封英语书信，向你的笔友Mark介绍你最喜欢的一个汉字，聊聊它的构成、含义以及你最喜欢它的原因。注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Mark， How are you these days？ ____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Mark， How are you these days？ Recently, I’ve done some research on Chinese characters. As a unique part of Chinese culture, they have a long history and there are various ways of creating new characters and expressing plentiful meanings. Here I’d like to introduce my favourite Chinese character to you.It is the character “想” that I am talking about, which consists of two parts. “相” is the sound element, while “心” indicates “thought” and “emotion”. In addition to the structure of the character, what attracts me most is its abundant meanings such as “missing” “thought” and “imagination”， enabling people to express different meanings appropriately according to the contexts. So having a good command of Chinese characters can help you understand Chinese culture profoundly.If you have any interest in knowing more about Chinese characters, just let me know.Best wishes！ Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。When my husband Randy died in late fall，deciding what to do with his garden was way down on the list of necessary tasks. During the first few months，I cried with our children，planned a memorial，cried with my family，celebrated a quiet Thanksgiving，and panicked over not having bought Christmas presents.As the calendar turned to a new year，the often rainy days and long nights deepened my sorrow. I found myself exhausted at the end of February, both physically and mentally.Then the daffodils bloomed(开花) in the garden.Years before, Randy had planted dozens of these lemon-yellow flowers. To him, they served as a reminder of hope，a promise that light and warmth would soon replace cold and dark. Looking at those daffodils, I thought about how Randy had considered our garden a living work of art, carefully choosing plants so we’d see new blooms every month.Then I noticed all the weeds that had taken root and spread everywhere. The neglect(疏于打理) showed, for Randy’s illness had lasted a couple of years, a time when he didn’t have energy for yard work the way he had before.Faced with the neglected garden，I felt overwhelmed in the beginning. My daughters suggested I hire a service to clean everything up. I didn’t respond.Every time I sat in the garden alone，the memories of the lively garden came flooding，like the numerous scenes in an unforgettable film. Many days Randy came home from work，changed into old clothes，and headed out the door to mow or prune(修剪). Orange dragonflies followed him around the yard as he worked. Honeybees buzzed among the flowers，birds sang beautiful songs，and gentle breezes carried the sweet smell of dirt. No matter how cold or wet it was，the fresh air and physical activity made him energized and refreshed. For Randy，the work was quiet and comforting, which was a relief, as well as a pleasure.注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。The days grew warmer and lighter, and I started the work myself. _______________________ ___________________________________________________________ One possible version： The days grew warmer and lighter, and I started the work myself. I realised I need to take care of the garden just like what Randy did before. Randy used to treat the garden as a living work of art. If he were alive, he wouldn’t be happy to see the garden in a mess. Therefore, I needed to take care of the garden just like what Randy did. I started weeding, watering and looking after the daffodils. It seemed like to me working in the garden was a way to commemorate Randy.Weeks later，my daughter returned to visit me. __________________________________ ________________________________________________________ One possible version： Weeks later, my daughter returned to visit me. She was very surprised at what she saw. Orange dragonflies were flying around the yard. Honeybees buzzed among the flowers and birds sang beautiful songs. She used to be worried I would be in a bad mood. But now she realised everything was in a good order. Seeing this, she said it looks as if her father was always with us. TimeHand Brake，Three GearsFoot Brake，No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each additional day8.006.00
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