北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 3 period 4作业含答案

这是一份北师大版高中英语选择性必修第一册UNIT 3 period 4作业含答案，共9页。

UNIT 3　Period Four基础练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．The heavy rain has brought great ________(破坏) to the roads in this area.2．The car got ________(卡住) in the mud and was unable to move.3．Betty was much ________(烦恼的) to hear that she had failed in the exam.4．When he heard the rumours，________(怒气) filled him up.5．In the last two ________(十年)，a lot of factories have been shut down in our city.【答案】1.destruction　2.stuck　3.annoyed4．anger　5.decadesⅡ.请将下列词组翻译成汉语1．困在……________________2．比较________________3．与……有关联________________4．放弃________________5．焦虑的________________6．上升________________7．……的数量/数目________________8．找借口________________9．采取行动________________10．沉溺于________________【答案】1.get stuck in...　2.compare to3．be related to...　4.give up　5.stressed out6．go up　7.the number of...8．make an excuse　9.take action10．be addicted toⅢ.单句语法填空1．________(compare) to their house，my flat seems to be a palace.2．Rice production has increased ________ 5% this year compared to that of last year.3．________(be) frank，I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.4．It is not right for young students to be addicted to ________(play) computer games.5．Mrs Brown does almost all the housework ________ her husband does nothing of it at all.6．My difficulty is ________ I really don’t know how to communicate with her.7．These noises are quite ________(annoy) as they keep us awake all night long.8．I just don’t know why she often returns home ________(stress) out.【答案】1.Compared　2.by　3.To be4．playing　5.while　6.that7．annoying　8.stressedⅣ.完成句子1．________________ do you make phone calls to your parents?你多久给父母打一次电话？2．The little boy ________________ for his being late.这个孩子为自己迟到找了一个借口。3．Walking can help to ________________．走路可以让你保持健康。4．________________，I take no interest in films.说实话，我对电影不感兴趣。5．Look，the boy ________________ the story.瞧，这个孩子对这个故事着迷了。6．How often do we arrive at work or school，stressed out，________________？我们过多久就会有一次带着压力、疲惫和愤怒的心情去上班或上学？7．But the problem is ________ the number of cars is still going up.但问题是，汽车的数量仍在增加。【答案】1.How often　2.made an excuse3．keep you fit　4.To be frank5．is addicted to　6.tired and angry　7.that提升练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023广东清远四校联考)Our Earth’s oceans contain some of the most valuable resources.As the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions began to rise in popularity，the polluting of the Earth’s oceans did as well，leaving lifelong effects on all of its ecosystems.Commercial whaling has left several whale species in danger of extinction.The blue whales of the Antarctic have less than one percent of their original numbers.Over 90 percent of plastic isn’t recycled，and a large part of that number finds its way into the ocean and surrounding beaches.The huge amount of plastic damages whales’ existence.Plastic is being eaten by sea life as well as entangling(缠住) them，putting them all at major risk.Without change，our Earth’s oceans will not be able to continue on for much longer.The Delta Corporation was set up in 1972，later known as Ocean Conservancy.In the beginning years of Ocean Conservancy，its main initiative(倡议) was the Whale Protection Fund.This fund focused on saving the species and protesting against commercial whaling.They gained the support of many.Ten years later，the International Whaling Commission finally banned commercial whaling.It then changed its focus to not only whales but to seals and sea turtles as well.Though they made great progress with these animals，they came to the conclusion that these animals cannot develop well without a healthy，sustainable environment.The workers of Ocean Conservancy then expanded their focus to the marine ecosystems and habitats.Ocean Conservancy is one of several organisations working toward a common goal: saving the Earth’s oceans.They have started doing this by creating the Whale Protection movement that still exists.Though they have made significant progress throughout the years，there is still much to be done.Only when the common goal is shared by all groups，governments，and individuals，will real changes be made.If successful，the electric bicycle meal program will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK，the hotel said in a statement.1．What can we know about the plastic from Paragraph 2?A．Plastic reduces the population of whales to the least.B．Most of plastic ends up in oceans and sandy beaches.C．Plastic has become part of the sea animals’ diet.D．Recycling plastic is still a big challenge.2．What made Ocean Conservancy pay attention to the ocean ecosystem?A．A ban on whaling.B．Its improved concept.C．Its great achievement.D．The public support.3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Quite a few organisations have set their own goals.B．The days of Whale Protection movement are numbered.C．Ocean Conservancy’s work isn’t worth the praise.D．Saving the oceans is the shared responsibility of the whole world.4．What can be the best title for the text?A．Ocean Conservancy’s Target and DevelopmentB．Ocean Conservancy’s Contribution to Oceans’ ProtectingC．A Solution to the Oceans’ Plastic ProblemsD．A Step Away from a Healthy Ecosystem【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以海洋保护协会(Ocean Conservancy)为话题，介绍了其从最初的保护鲸鱼到后来成为保护海洋的发展历程和成绩。1．C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Plastic is being eaten by sea life as well as entangling(缠住) them，putting them all at major risk.”可知，塑料会被海洋生物吃掉，即海洋生物把塑料当作食物。故选C项。2．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Though they made great progress with these animals，they came to the conclusion that these animals cannot develop well without a healthy，sustainable environment.The workers of Ocean Conservancy then expanded their focus to the marine ecosystems and habitats.”可知，海洋保护协会认识到健康且可持续的环境才能让动物很好地发展，于是，不再只是关注海洋动物，而是将工作重点扩大到海洋生态系统和栖息地。也就是说，是协会理念的提升和完善让海洋保护协会关注海洋生态系统。故选B项。3．D　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Only when the common goal is shared by all groups，governments，and individuals，will real changes be made.”可知，只有当所有团体、政府和个人共同为“拯救海洋”这一目标而努力时，才会产生真正的有效变化。由此可推知，拯救海洋是全世界的共同责任。故选D项。4．B　标题归纳题。根据第三段中的“The Delta Corporation was set up in 1972，later known as Ocean Conservancy.”可知，文章以海洋保护协会为话题介绍其成立的初衷“保护鲸鱼”，后来发展成为“保护海洋生态”的组织的过程以及取得的成绩。B项“Ocean Conservancy’s Contribution to Oceans’ Protecting(海洋保护协会对海洋保护的贡献)”贴合主题，可作标题。故选B项。Ⅱ.七选五You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need，head to the front，and choose the line that looks fastest.You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking lot.__1__It turns out，it’s just math working against you；chances are，the other line really is faster.Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.__2__ Any small interruption — a price check，a chatty customer — can have downstream effects，holding up an entire line.If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers.Think about the probability: __3__ So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.Make all customers stand in one long，snaking line — called a serpentine line — and serve each person at the front with the next available register.__4__ This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.With a serpentine line，a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead，it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.__5__ It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?B．So why don’t most places encourage serpentine lines?C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F．With three registers，this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G．But sometimes，as on a Sunday afternoon，the system gets particularly busy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。1．A　下文“It turns out，it’s just math working against you；chances are，the other line really is faster.”解释了上文“You chose wrong.”的原因，下文与空格处是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文提出疑惑。故选A项。2．G　上文“Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Any small interruption — a price check，a chatty customer－can have downstream effects，holding up an entire line.”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因。故选G项。3．D　根据上文“If there are three lines in the store，delays will happen randomly at different registers.”联系下文“So it’s not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.”可知，本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最快的概率只有三分之一。故选D项。4．F　根据上文“Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem.”以及下文“This is what they do at most banks and fast-food restaurants.With a serpentine line，a long delay at one register won’t unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead，it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。故选F项。5．B　结合下文“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly，and some stores can’t afford the space or manpower.”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly.”可知，这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。故选B项。Ⅲ.语法填空Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but growing minority of academics 1.________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like — frequently by plane — 2.________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.But Cobb and others 3.________(be)now questioning that idea — pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely，and 4.________(change)their personal behaviour to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，5.________(rough) 200 academics — many of the climate scientists 6.________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.Cobb，7.________ her party，started to ask conference organisers who invited her to speak whether she could do so remotely；about three-quarters of 8.________ time，they agreed.When the answer was no，she declined the 9.________(invite).That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%，and she plans 10.________(continue)the practice.“It has been fairly rewarding，” she says，“a really positive change.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位美国教授为了应对气候变化，积极减少学术活动中的飞机旅行。1．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用关系代词。故填that/who。2．is viewed/has been viewed　考查被动语态和主谓一致。此处是在描述人们普遍认知的事情，故用一般现在时，也可以是强调人们从过去到现在的认知，主语“Travelling...and the like”与谓语动词(view)之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/has been viewed。3．are　考查时态和主谓一致。结合上下文内容，尤其是本句中的时间状语now和空后的questioning可知，此处应该用现在进行时，且主语“Cobb and others”为复数，因此be动词用are。故填are。4．changing　考查动词的-ing形式。分析句子结构可知，此处的连词and连接并列动词pushing和change，空处应用动词的-ing形式。故填changing。5．roughly　考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空格处需用副词roughly修饰数词，表示“粗略地，大约”之意。故填roughly。6．have promised　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时。故填have promised。7．for　考查介词。“for her party”在此处意为“对于她的出席”。故填for。8．the　考查冠词。此处的“大约四分之三的时间”为特指，应用定冠词。故填the。9．invitation　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空格处需用名词作动词declined的宾语。故填invitation。10．to continue　考查动词不定式。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to continue。