第17讲 阅读理解题型解题技巧-新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练

这是一份第17讲 阅读理解题型解题技巧-新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练，共9页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解题型介绍，阅读理解题型做题技巧，开动脑筋推测词义，用知识和生活经验理解短文，条分缕析理解长旬等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第一部分 题型解题技巧
一、阅读理解题型介绍
阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。
二、阅读理解题型做题技巧
一、分门别类识别文体。
记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。
议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。
应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、 广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
二、统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
三、开动脑筋推测词义
初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:
(1)根据上下文猜测调义。
(2)根据构词法猜测词义。
前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; imprtant-unimprtant等。
缀-ment表名词，如develp develpment; state statement; argue- argument等。
后最-er、-r或-ist表同源名词，如calculate- calculatr; visit- visitr; law- lawyer; art-artist等。
四、用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识，可以理解Walter is made frm xygen and hydrgen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let ut xygen and breathe in carbn dixide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。
五、条分缕析理解长旬
物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。
第二部分 阅读理解专项训练（含解析）
一
Jane has gne nline t chat t her friend, Susan. She has sme bad news t share!
Jane: Hey,Susan, are yu there?
Susan: Yes. What’s up?
Jane: I’ve had sme really bad news tday. My best friend, Ivy, is leaving t g t live in the United States.
Susan: That’s really bad. When is she ging?
Jane: She is ging at the end f this term.
Susan: What des she think abut it?
Jane: She was really sad at first, but nw I think she is srt f lking frward t it. She is ging t the high schl and her mum has prmised(承诺) her she can start t drive when she is nly 16!
Susan: Ww! Just like n TV!
Jane: Oh n! She will nt miss me at all, but I will miss her s much.
Susan: It isn’t easy t g t a new schl and make new friends. In America, they will make fun f her accent(口音) and her clthes. At least yu will still have yur ther friends.
Jane: Yu are right. I wuld hate t have t g t a new schl. I wuld miss all my friends and I wuld nt be able t d any f the lessns. I wuld end up failing all my examinatins and never getting int university.
Susan: What a nightmare(噩梦)! I think she might need t talk t yu nline. Yu can talk t her every day.
Jane: But it is nt the same as seeing smene every day.
Susan: N, but if yu try yur best yu will still be gd friends.
Jane: Thanks, Susan. Gt t g.
Susan: Bye!
1．Wh is leaving schl t g t live in the United States?
A．Susan.B．Ivy’s mther.C．Jane.D．Ivy.
2．Jane chatted with Susan nline because she ________.
A．felt happy fr her friend’s gd chanceB．felt really srry fr her best friend
C．wanted smene t share the happinessD．wanted smene t share the bad news
3．Ivy’s mther tells Ivy she can ________.
A．drink when she is sixteenB．drive a car when she is sixteen
C．g t high schl at sixteenD．get int university at sixteen
4．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the material?
A．Jane and her best friend will frget each ther.
B．Susan advised Jane t write letters t Ivy ften.
C．Jane thinks she can never get used t(习惯) life in a new schl.
D．Susan thinks American students are kind and friendly.
二
What kind f funny jkes d yu ften play n yur classmates? Hide their bks r pens away? Or put smething strange int their schlbags? These are nt surprising cmpared with the jke played by a grup f six-grade students frm Berwick High Schl.
These naughty students were trying t sell their schl building, furniture and “full use f all staff members”. They said that the list als included their headmaster, wh might “kill” them if he fund ut what they were ding. They put the full package n e-Bay fr a price f ￡2,018.
e-Bay was funded in September 1995. At that time, Omidyar’s girlfriend lved Pez candy bxes, but she was sad that she culdn’t find smene wh had the same interest as her. S Omidyar set up a cautin site t help his girlfriend cmmunicate with Pez candy bx lvers in the United States. Peple can sell things nline n e-Bay.
The students als warned that they wuldn’t accept the mney they gt. After the infrmatin was put n e-Bay, there were furteen peple wanting t buy the prduct. One persn even ffered ￡5,000 fr the schl.
The e-Bay listing was sn remved. Hwever, the schl didn’t punish the students. Why? In fact, this was a jke played n the schl “Muck-Up Day”. At schl, it is a lng traditin t play funny jkes n their last day f schl befre entering their exam time.
5．The phrase “full use f all staff members” in paragraph 2 prbably means ________.
A．the schl buildingB．desks and chairs in the schl
C．the students at schlD．all the teachers and the headmaster
6．________ set up e-Bay in September 1995.
A．OmidyarB．Naughty studentsC．Omidyar’s girlfriendD．Pez candy bx lvers
7．After peple gt the infrmatin f selling the schl n the Internet, ________.
A．the students were punishedB．the headmaster was very angry
C．sme peple ffered t buy itD．n peple were interested in it
8．The students wanted t sell their schl n e-Bay because ________.
A．they didn’t like their schl at all
B．they wanted t make sme mney
C．the headmaster asked them t d s
D．they wanted t play a jke n “Muck-Up Day”
三
There are several ways yu can find ut abut the cuntries and places yu wish t visit. Yu can talk t friends wh have travelled t the places, yu can g and see a film, r yu can read travel bks.
It seems that there are three kinds f travel bks. The first are thse that give a persnal, subjective (主观的) ideas f travels which the writers have gt themselves. These bks can be useful if the writers share their travelling experiences with thers. The secnd are thse bks which give a purely bjective (客观的) infrmatin f things t be dne and seen. If a cultured persn has written such a bk, then it is even mre useful. The third kind are thse bks which are called “a guide” t sme place. If they are gd, they will describe and explain the place in detail. I think they are the mst helpful fr travellers. Like the first kind, they can be exciting and interesting, but their main purpse is t help the reader plan his travel in the mst special way.
Whatever kind f travel bk yu chse, yu must make sure that it des nt describe everything as “wnderful”, “excellent” r “fantastic”. Yu must keep an pen eye n its date f publicatin(出版) because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the twenty-first century. Finally, yu shuld make sure that it is easy t find the useful infrmatin fr yur travel.
9．The writer f the first kind f travel bk gave his ideas after he ________ .
A．travelledB．read bks
C．heard a lt abut travellingD．surfed the Internet
10．The underlined phrase “a cultured persn” means persn with ________.
A．a gd appearanceB．a gd educatinC．a lt f experienceD．a lt f mney
11．The date f publicatin must be nticed because ________.
A．the prices f travel bks may be different
B．the writers f travel bks may be different
C．the infrmatin in travel bks is always the same
D．the infrmatin in travel bks is always changing
12．Accrding t passage, it is best t read ________ befre travelling t a place f interest.
A．the first kind f travel bkB．the secnd kind f travel bk
C．the third kind f travel bkD．sme travel articles in newspapers
四
Embarrassing(令人尴尬的) mments happen t everyne, n matter hw imprtant a persn is. What wuld yu d if yu had an embarrassing mment?
★Frget all abut it and then laugh abut it. The first thing yu shuld d is let thers knw it is a jke. Just laugh ludly and say, “That is funny!” Peple will knw that yu are nt taking it seriusly. They will stp making fun f yu.
★________ When yu g back t yur rm, just take a mment t think hw that embarrassing mment happened. Are yu always careless? Think abut ways t crrect the prblem.
★Imprve yur awareness(意识). Try t be mre aware f what is happening arund yu if yu are always careless. Just remember nt t be upset ver it. The peple wh laugh at yu have prbably dne smething similar t(与……相似) what yu have dne. Just laugh with them at the time, r they will nt remember yur embarrassment fr alng time. Stay cl and enjy the rest f the day.
★Dn’t be afraid f embarrassing mments. Take it easy. It’s nt hard t get thrugh it if yu believe that yu can d with it.
13．Accrding t the passage, ________ peple have embarrassing mments.
A．mstB．fewC．nD．all
14．Which sentence can be filled in the blank f Paragraph 3?
A．Stay in yur rm alne and laugh.
B．Think abut yur prblem carefully.
C．Hw d yu feel after the embarrassing mments
D．What can we d at the embarrassing mments?
15．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．hw t deal with embarrassing mmentsB．when embarrassing mments usually happen
C．hw t frget embarrassing mmentsD．hw t face embarrassing mments bravely
五
Je was ging int his usual bar befre lunch when he saw a prly dressed man fishing in a small pl abut five centimeters deep utside it.
Je stpped and watched the man fr a few minutes. He saw that mst f the peple wh passed by him believed he must be quite mad(发疯的).
Je pitied the man, s after a while he went up t him and said kindly, "Hell, wuld yu like t cme int the bar and have a drink with me?"
The fisherman was glad t accept his ffer(主动提议). Je bught him a few drinks and finally said t him, "Yu've been fishing utside here, haven't yu? Hw many did yu catch this mrning, if I may ask?"
“Yu are the eighth,” the fisherman answered happily.
16．Befre lunch Je usually had_______.
A．a drink at the bar B．tea at the bar
C．dinner at the bar D．a drink with the fisherman
17．Wh tk pity n the fisherman?
A．Nbdy. B．Only Je.
C．Everyne wh passed by him. D．Sme f the peple wh passed by him.
18．The prly dressed man_______.
A．must be mad B．must be hungry
C．must be thirsty D．was nt mad at all
19．The fisherman pretended(假装) _______．
A．t be mad B．t be fishing
C．t be pr D．t have n jb
20．The fisherman fled_______.
A．all the peple B．mst f the peple
C．Je as well as the ther seven peple D．eight peple except Je

参考答案
一
短文大意
本文主要是Jane在网上跟Susan分享她得知的一个坏消息，就是她最好的朋友要去美国生活，她很不舍得这位好朋友。
解析
1．细节理解题。根据“My best friend, Ivy, is leaving t g t live in the United States”可知，Ivy要去美国生活，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“She has sme bad news t share”可知，因为她有一些坏消息想跟别人分享，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“her mum has prmised(承诺) her she can start t drive when she is nly 16”可知，Ivy妈妈承诺她可以在16岁时学习开车，故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据“I wuld hate t have t g t a new schl. I wuld miss all my friends and I wuld nt be able t d any f the lessns…”可知，Jane认为自己不会习惯去一个新的学校，C表述正确，故选C。
二
短文大意
本文主要向我们介绍学校“混乱日”上的一个玩笑，学生们要把学校甚至他们的校长一起在e-Bay上卖掉，这是该校一个悠久的历史。
解析
5．词句猜测题。分析“‘full use f all staff members’. They said that the list als included their headmaster”可知，名单上还有他们的校长，所以是全体教职工，故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据“S Omidyar set up a cautin site”可知，网站是Omidyar建立的，故选A。
7．细节理解题。根据“After the infrmatin was put n e-Bay, there were furteen peple wanting t buy the prduct. One persn even ffered ￡5,000 fr the schl.”可知，在信息被放到易趣网后，有14个人想买这个产品，甚至有人出价￡5,000。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据“In fact, this was a jke played n the schl ‘Muck-Up Day’.”可知，学生们想在易趣上出售他们的学校，因为他们想在“混乱日”开个玩笑。故选D。
三
短文大意
本文介绍了三种旅行的书，第一种是作者在某地旅行回来后写出的自己的旅行经历和感受。第二种客观给出了一些关于旅行的信息。第三种是旅游指南，里面详细地介绍了旅游胜地的情况。
解析
9．细节理解题。根据“The first are thse that give a persnal, subjective ideas f travels which the writers have gt themselves. These bks can be useful if the writers share their travelling experiences with thers.”可知，第一种类型书的作者会在自己旅行之后，在书籍上分享自己对旅行的看法和感受。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据“If a cultured persn has written such a bk, then it is even mre useful.”可知，有文化的人写出的旅游书籍会很有用；故划线部分a cultured peple意为“受过良好教育的人”。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“Yu must keep an pen eye n its date f publicatin because travel is a very practical matter and many things change quickly in the twenty-first century.”可知，在新世纪，关于旅游的很多信息都变化得很快，所以要注意旅游书籍上的出版日期。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“The third kind are thse bks which are called ‘a guide’ t sme place. If they are gd, they will describe and explain the place in detail. I think they are the mst helpful fr travellers.”可知，作者认为第三种类型的旅游书籍对旅游者来说是最好的，最有帮助的。故选C。
四
短文大意
本文主要介绍了如何应对尴尬时刻的方法。
解析
13．细节理解题。根据“Embarrassing(令人尴尬的) mments happen t everyne, n matter hw imprtant a persn is”可知，所有人都会有尴尬的时候，故选D。
14．句意猜测题。根据后一句“When yu g back t yur rm, just take a mment t think hw that embarrassing mment happened”可知，发生这种事情之后，应仔细想一想这个事情是如何发生的，B“仔细想想你的问题”符合语境，故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据“What wuld yu d if yu had an embarrassing mment”可知，本文主要讲述的是如何处理尴尬时刻，故选A
五
文章大意
乔在午饭前走进他平常去的酒吧，这时，他看到一个衣衫褴褛的人在外面大约5厘米深的小池塘里钓鱼。乔停下看了这个人一会儿，他发现很多人认为他疯了。 乔认为这个老人很可怜，于是走上前对他说“你好，我们酒吧喝一杯吧？” 这个捕鱼人很高兴和他去了，乔为他买了几杯酒，说“你在那边捕鱼，是吗？你今天钓了几条鱼呢？” “你是第八条”，老人开怀地说道。
解析
16．根据Je was ging int his usual bar befre lunch.可知乔在午饭前通常要去酒吧喝一杯，故答案选A。
17．通过对整篇文章的理解可知，在Je邀请钓鱼人之前已经有7个人对他表示同情了，所以应该是“一些人”，故答案选D。
18．通过对全文的理解可知这个衣衫褴褛的人很聪明，他通过这种方式来吸引别人的目光并赢得同情，说明他根本就不疯。结合选项，故答案选D。
19．根据Je was ging int his usual bar befre lunch when he saw a prly dressed man fishing in a small pl abut five centimeters deep utside it.可知他是在假装去钓鱼，故答案选B。
20．根据“Yu are the eighth,” the fisherman answered happily.可知，连Je在内共有八个人上当了，as well as的意思是“和”，故答案选C。