专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版

这是一份专题14 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“细节理解”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版，共19页。

【近年高考考情】
考例1 (2023•全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23题
考例3 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
考例4 (2023•全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
考例5 (2023•新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
考例6 (2020•全国Ⅲ卷•D篇) 34题
考例7 (2023•浙江1月卷•A篇) 23题
考例8 (2022•新高考II卷•A篇) 22题
考例9 (2022•全国乙卷•A篇) 22题
考例10 (2020•新高考卷•A篇) 21题
【实用解题妙招】
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
题型一 直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，wh，when，where，why和hw)等开头的特殊疑问句。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。
考例1 (2023•全国甲卷·C篇) 28题
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy (哲学).
28. Wh pened the dr t philsphy fr the authr?
A. Fucault.B. Eric Weiner.
C. Jstein Gaarder.D. A cllege teacher.
考例2 (2023 ·全国乙卷 ·A篇) 23
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831-1895) wrked as a nurse fr eight years befre studying in medical cllege in Bstn in 1860. Fur years later, she was the first African American wman t receive a medical degree. She mved t Virginia in 1865, where she prvided medical care t freed slaves.
23. Wh was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
考例3 (2020•全国Ⅰ卷·A篇) 21题
All custmers travelling n TransLink services must be in pssessin f a valid ticket befre barding. Fr ticket infrmatin, please ask at yur lcal statin r call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effrt t ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be n guarantee f cnnectins between trains r between train services and bus services.
21. What wuld yu d t get ticket infrmatin?
A. Call 13 16 17.
B. Visit
C. Ask at the lcal statin.
D. Check the train schedule.
题型二 间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关细节信息,例如,使用bk对文中的reserve进行同义转换。
考例4 (2023•全国乙卷·C篇) 28题
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking.
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
考例5 (2023•新高考I卷·A篇) 22题
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
…
22. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
考例6 (2020•全国Ⅲ卷•D篇) 34题
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. “We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders,” Dr.Jubilad said.“I culd see them actually walking under the sea.”
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.
D. They lived n bth land and water.
同义词复现:astnished与amazed为同义词 。
高频同义转换（动词类）
bk=reserve=rder
cnduct=carry ut
please=amuse=entertain
imprve=prmte
guarantee=ensure
dcument=recrd
ruin=destry=damage=vilate
declare=annunce=infrm
divide=separate=part with
cmplete = fulfill =accmplish= achieve
delay=put ff=pstpne
give=supply=prvide=ffer
encurage = mtivate =stimulate = spur
reject=refuse=turn dwn=decline
receive=accept
see=bserve=ntice=spt
search=explre
cnnect=link=relate=assciate
discurage=frustrate
rent=hire
prve=turn ut
remve=get rid f
admire=appreciate
pssess=wn
decide=determine=reslve t d
get= btain= acquire= gain= pssess
高频同义转换（名词类）
data=statistics
nvel=fictin
feature=characteristics
career=ccupatin
manners=etiquette
gratitude=appreciatin
experiment=trial
persnality=character
stress=pressure
rigin=pineer
circumstance=envirnment=atmsphere
creatin=innvatin
achievement=recgnitin
ptin=chice=selectin
material=resurce
luggage=baggage=package
rule=regulatin=principle
directin=discipline=guideline
clleague=cwrker
essay=passage=article=text
apprach=way=methd=means
高频同义转换（形容词副词类）
delicius=tasty
attentive=fcused
riginal=initial
final=eventual
bvius=evident=Striking
accurate=exact
authentic=true=genuine
thrilling=frightening
thrilled=excited
time-hnred=has a lng histry
dull=bring
daring=brave
extra=additinal
glad=pleased=delighted
tuched=mved
accessible=available=at hand
apprpriate=prper=suitable
appealing=attractive
cmplex=cmplicated
safe=secure
高频同义转换（高频短语类）
ahead f time=in advance=previus
places f interest=turist attractin
result in=lead t=cntribute t
be accustmed t=be used t ding
jin in=take part in=participate in
=invlve in=be engaged in
get ready fr=be prepared fr
fcus n =cncentrate n
transfrm A int B=turn A int B
in the lng term=in the lng run
hld n t=insist
take actin=take measures=take steps t
keep in tuch with=cntact
deal with=cpe with=handle with=address
at the same time=meanwhile
n the spt=n the scene
be prud f=take pride in
head int=leave fr
arrive at=reach=get t=apprach
in spite f=despite
frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
try ding=attempt t
be filled with=be charged with=be full f
run int=cme acrss
take the place f=replace
frm time t time=nce in a while
be caught in=be trapped in
cnsist f =be made up f
fr a mment=fr a while
a cllectin f =a series f
figure ut=find ut
bright up=light up
rll arund=turn up
lecture=deliver a speech
draw ne’s attentin=attract ne’s attentin
be desperate fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
in favr f=favrable
题型三 数据计算题
要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
考例7 (2023•浙江1月卷•A篇) 23题
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm). Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
23. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
考例8 (2022•新高考II卷•A篇) 22题
Children’s Discvery Museum
General Infrmatin abut Grup Play
Pricing
Grup Play $7/persn
Schlarships
We ffer schlarships t lw-incme schls and yuth rganizatins, subject t availability. Participatin in a pst-visit survey is required.
Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.
Grup Size
We require ne chaperne (监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.
Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre, please call t discuss ptins.
22. Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?
A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.
考例9 (2022•全国乙卷•A篇) 22题
Admissin
£4. Children under 12 years accmpanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schls and Clleges
A special lw entrance charge f £2 per persn is available t all in full-time educatin, up t and including thse at first degree level, in rganised grups with teachers.
22. Hw much wuld a cuple with tw children under 12 pay fr admissin?
A. £4.B. £8.C. £12.D. £16.
考例10 (2020•新高考卷•A篇) 21题
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner’s chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
21. Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Six.
【高考真题再练】
1 (2023•新高考I卷•A篇)
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Welcme t Amsterdam, welcme t MacBike. Yu see much mre frm the seat f a bike! Cycling is the mst ecnmical, sustainable and fun way t explre the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and cuntless lights. Yu can als bike alng lvely landscapes utside f Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Turs
The 2.5-hur tur cvers the Gyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much mre. The tur departs frm Dam Square every hur n the hur, starting at 1:00 pm every day. Yu can buy yur ticket in a MacBike shp r bk nline.
21. What is an advantage f MacBike?
A. It gives children a discunt.B. It f ffers many types f bikes.
C. It rganizes free cycle turs.D. It has ver 2,500 rental shps.
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
23. Where des the guided city tur start?
A. The Gyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.
2 (2023•新高考II卷•B篇)
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24. What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?
A. She used t be a health wrker.B. She grew up in a lw-incme family.
C. She wns a fast fd restaurant.D. She is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
25. What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her.B. Students had little time fr her classes.
C. Sme kids disliked garden wrk.D. There was n space fr schl gardens.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.B. Predictable.
C. Shrt-lived.D. Unidentifiable.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
【名校好题强化】
（23·24高三上·江苏·阶段练习）Vlunteer by supprting a lcal animal rescue center in Csta Rica!
If yu like animals and are als interested in preserving the envirnment, yu will be perfect fr this prgram. Yu will be helping ut in and supprting a lcal animal shelter. Nt nly des this shelter take in hmeless animals, but als wild animals which are in bad cnditin.
In additin t the caretaking f the animals, vlunteers help us welcme visitrs at the entrance and answer any questins that visitrs may have abut the shelter r its animals. As vlunteers spend mre days in the shelter, knwledge abut wildlife management will grw.
Requirements
＊Yu need t be at least 15 years ld n the prgram start date at the high schl level r abve.
＊Speaking English is a basic requirement.
＊N restrictins n natinality. Helping hands bth in Csta Rica and beynd are welcme.
＊Yur helping hand will be required frm 09:00 t 15:00 n Mnday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday.
Prgram fees
＊Bking payments (15%): The bking payment is simply t reserve yur vlunteer placement. Payment is made by PayPal. Yu can als pay using a credit card.
＊Final payments (85%): Yur final payment will be agreed with Vlunteer Nw Csta Rica during the applicatin prcess.
1. What can a vlunteer d in the rescue center?
A. Cmmunicate with visitrs.B. Get trained t place animals.
C. Give lectures abut animals.D. Search fr hmeless animals.
2. Wh can vlunteer in the prgram?
A. A French-speaking adult.B. A primary schlchild.
C. A cllege student frm America.D. A lcal persn free n Fridays.
3. Hw much shuld a vlunteer pay at least t make a reservatin?
A. $52.5.B. $105.C. $297.5.D. $350.
（23·24高二上·福建泉州·期中）If yu are seeking t unlck the secrets t success, here are fur bks that ffer invaluable wisdm and practical advice t help yu alng yur path.
The 7 Habits f Highly Effective Peple
Stephen R. Cvey’s timeless classic utlines seven fundatinal principles fr persnal and prfessinal success. Frm practive (积极主动的) decisin-making t effective leadership and interpersnal skills, this bk stresses the imprtance f matching persnal values with actins. It serves as a pwerful guide t achieving lng-term success and building meaningful relatinships.
Outliers: The Stry f Success
In the bk, Malclm Gladwell explres the factrs that cntribute t exceptinal success. Thrugh insightful case studies, Gladwell challenges traditinal thughts f talent and hard wrk, stressing the imprtance f pprtunities, cultural backgrunds, and deliberate practice. This thught-prvking bk encurages readers t rethink their appraches t success and shws the imprtance f making use f unique circumstances.
Mindset: The New Psychlgy f Success
In the bk, Carl S. Dweck explres the pwer f mindset and its effect n persnal grwth and achievement. By distinguishing between a “fixed mindset” and a “grwth mindset”, Dweck highlights hw accepting challenges, maintaining resilience, and cultivating a lve fr learning can lead t remarkable success. This bk prvides valuable insights fr transfrming bstacles (障碍) int pprtunities fr grwth.
Principles
Ray Dali’s Principles is a transfrmative guidebk packed with valuable insights. Drawing n his extensive experience in investment management, Dali shares practical wisdm fr success. The bk ffers actinable principles fr decisin-making, prblem-slving, and persnal grwth. By applying these principles, readers can deal with challenges, seize pprtunities, and make a meaningful impact.
4. Which factrs cntributing t success des the secnd bk stress?
A. Talent and hard wrk.B. Creative thinking and teamwrk.
C. Chances and cultural backgrunds.D. Adventurus actin and cnfidence.
5. Whse bk highlights the impact f mentality n individual develpment?
A. Stephen R. Cvey’s.B. Malclm Gladwell’s.
C. Carl S. Dweck’s.D. Ray Dali’s.
6. What is the text?
A. A piece f news f new authrs.B. A recmmendatin n bks.
C. A paper n the secrets t success.D. A text n successfully writing bks.
（23·24高一上·广东茂名·期中）Each year Canada Chclate Twn, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, celebrates ur cmmunity’s rich and delicius heritage with ur annual Chclate Fest. Nw in its 30th year, this week-lng, family-riented festival is “chc—full” f activities, fun events, and all things chclate—related. Our belved masct, the Great Chclate Musse, and his lvely wife Tiffany, invite yu t jin us this August fr the sweetest festival f the year—Chclate Fest!
Carma Charltte Cunty Cffee Mrning
9：30 a.m. t 12 nn
Lcatin：St. Stephen Twn Square
Cme ut and jin us fr a Starbucks cffee, cup f tea r juice and scrumptius hme—baked gds, many featuring chclate. Spnsred (赞助) by Carma Charltte Cunty and adptin prgrams (收养项目) —caring fr hmeless and feral cats.
Dts Delect Birthday Party
11 a.m. t 2 p.m.
Lcatin：Bys and Girls Club f Charltte Cunty
Wh des St. Stephen lve? Dt Larsen! Please jin us fr chclate cake and chclate milk and help celebrate Dt’s birthday. Cme and play in ur indr/utdr playgrund, have yur face painted and enjy a barbecue, t help raise funds fr the Barracuda Swim Team. Fr details call BGCCC, 466-4300.
Lucy the Lady Bug’s 1st Birthday Party
12 nn t 3 p.m.
Lcatin：Kings brae Garden, St. Andrews
Cme t celebrate with Lucy and her friends fr a picnic n ur frnt lawn (草坪) —bring yur wn picnic r have lunch at ur Garden Cafe. At 2 p.m., jin Lucy and her friends fr an amazing race adventure thrugh the big maze (迷宫), find treasure in the fantasy garden and much, much mre!
Cst：$16/Adult, $12/Students and Senirs, Free/Children 6 and yunger.
7. When is the Dts Delect Birthday Party pen?
A. 9：30 a.m.—12：00 a.m.B. 11：00 a.m.—2：00 p.m.
C. 12：00 a.m.—3：00 p.m.D. 2：00 p.m.—3：00 p.m.
8. Hw much at least shuld a cuple with a by aged 5 pay t jin Lucy the Lady Bugs 1st Birthday Party?
A. $44B. $16C. $28D. $32
9. What’s the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce a sprts game.
B. T arrange sme activities.
C. T advertise an annual fest.
D. T prmte a cats brand.
（23·24上·济宁·期中）Nature is ne f the greatest surces f inspiratin fr engineers and cmputer scientists t develp new technlgical tls. Over the past decade r s, rbticists have develped cuntless rbts inspired by the behavir and bilgical mechanisms f snakes, fish, birds, insects and cuntless ther animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed t increase the rbt’s stability are calculated using the s-called Lyapunv stability therem, which is a theretical cnstruct that describes the stability f dynamic systems.
Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.
While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment, the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance it within n mre than 3.5 secnds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.
10. What’s special abut the new rbt?
A. It is a bi-inspired rbt.
B. It is identical t an insect.
C. Its “tail”prmtes the stability cntrl.
D. Its wheels are used t sustain its balance.
11. Hw are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly develped?
A. By giving a definitin.B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasns.D. By making cmparisns.
12. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The adaptive cntrller.B. The bi-inspired rbt.
C. The tail-like cmpnent.D. The surrunding envirnment.
13. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. Reasns fr the research.B. Ptentials f the research.
C. Cmplexities f the research.D. Challenges f the research.
（23·24高三上·福建三明·期中）Visinary architects design buildings which speak fr themselves. Frm twering cncrete pillars t sculptural mdernist dmes (穹顶), the wrk f Balkrishna Vithaldas Dshi defined Indian architecture fr the latter half f the 20th century. Knwn as B. V. Dshi, he was a versatile mdernist architect — he designed everything frm accessible husing prjects t the Indian Institute f Management in Bangalre. Sadly, the great architect died n January 24, 2023, at the age f 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.
Brn n August 26, 1927, in Pune, sutheast f Mumbai, Dshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came t appreciate hw their huse grew and changed. In 1947, shrtly befre Indian independence, he began architecture schl. Hwever, he never finished, a fact which he’d later pint t in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Dshi lived in a huse he designed and named fr his belved wife.
Dshi was influenced by the famus Swiss-French architect knwn as Le Crbusier. Dshi studied with him in Paris and then returned t India t supervise the architect’s wrk in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Dshi funded his wn firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the wrld lecturing at universities, wrked with ther famus architects, and even funded the Center fr Envirnmental Planning and Technlgy (nw CEPT University) fcusing n understanding, designing, planning, cnstructing and managing human habitats.
“We did nt want t imitate smene else’s apprach,” he tld the Luisiana Museum f Mdern Art in 2018. “We wanted t find ur wn identity.” He drew frm his pride in Indian culture t create a style distinct frm Western designs. “I think f my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a cnversatin with them, and that’s hw I create niches and staircases and penings and gardens…my buildings are nt nly pure and clear but designed t anticipate changes.”
Aside frm his mdern wrks, Dshi was devted t creating wrks t benefit the pr. He designed the Aranya Lw Cst Husing Prject in Indre. The phtgrapher Iwan Baan, wh phtgraphed sme f Dshi’s wrks, described the artist as “the mst apprachable architect I knw. Even very pr peple in his public husing prjects knew him, which is exceptinal.”
14. Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “versatile” in paragraph 1?
A. ppularB. mdestC. frward-lkingD. well-runded
15. What d we knw abut Dshi’s life?
A. He had a miserable childhd.
B. He regretted leaving schl early.
C. He made a cntributin t higher educatin in architecture.
D. He set up his cmpany under the guidance f Le Crbusier.
16. What des the authr want t illustrate by quting Dshi’s wrds?
A. The public supprt fr Dshi.
B. The riginality f Dshi’s wrks.
C. Dshi’s pen mind n Indian culture.
D. Dshi’s lve f architectural design.
17. What is the purpse f the text?
A. T define India’s mdern architecture.
B. T encurage peple t visit Dshi’s wrks.
C. T advertise Dshi’s architectural philsphy.
D. T give a brief accunt f India’s great architect Dshi.
（23·24上·惠州·期中）The input Dad has n my career is incmparable. My earliest memries are f Dad sitting in the kitchen playing the guitar, listening t his favurite sng by his favurite singer, and encuraging his little girl t pke (戳) keys randmly n the pian. Even watching Tp f the Pps, he wuld get s passinate abut music in it. We weren’t a religius family, but there was smething spiritual abut Dad’s cnnectin with music.
Music als became a surce f cmfrt fr me. I failed t d well academically at schl and had n friends. Being at schl cnsumed s much f my emtinal energy. Instead f ging t schl t learn stuff, I felt as thugh I was simply trying t get peple t like me. Things were better, but the nly time I truly felt happy was when I was at hme listening t music with Mum and Dad r writing sngs n the pian —and the lder I gt, the mre pwerful music felt.
Dad was always my biggest supprter. When I started giving live perfrmances at the lcal bar, he was the ne wh drve me there and back. Freeing up that time wasn’t easy fr an actr. His jb might mean three weeks in the Czech Republic r wrking with Gerge Lucas n The Adventures f Yung Indiana Jnes in Hllywd.
Dad has been invlved with sme amazing stuff, but Daddy Pig is the ne that’s had the biggest impact all ver the wrld. When I was flying t Australia fr my first tur, I was trying t find smething t watch n the little screen and I nticed they had Peppa Pig. If I’m missing hme and family, I always put it n. Daddy Pig is a fairly real versin f my dad —he lves chclate cake, he’s funny and usually breaks things when he’s trying t mend them. Mum and Dad were friends with ne f the prducers f the shw and I ften wnder if he lked at my dad and thught, “That’s him …that’s Daddy Pig.”
18. What can we learn abut the authr’s father?
A. He was gd at writing sngs.
B. He was attached t music in his sul.
C. He encuraged her t play the guitar.
D. He was passinate abut watching TV series.
19. Hw did the authr’s father supprt her career?
A. By picking her up in a tight schedule.
B. By ding a demanding jb as an actr.
C. By watching her musical perfrmances.
D. By giving live perfrmances at the lcal bar.
20. Why did the authr mentin Peppa Pig?
A. It’s her favurite childhd cartn.
B. She saw her father thrugh Daddy Pig.
C. She tk pride in this wrld famus cartn.
D. It’s a cartn abut her hmetwn and mtherland.
21. Which f the fllwing can best describe the authr’s Dad?
A. Funny and hnest.B. Strict and hardwrking.
C. Famus and patient.D. Supprtive and influential.
（2023·江苏·模拟预测）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
22. Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A. T deal with an emergency.B. T send water t the cmmunity.
C. T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D. T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
23. What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A. Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B. Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C. Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D. Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
24. Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A. It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B. It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C. It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D. It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
25. What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A. Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B. Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C. The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D. Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
（23·24高二上·湖北咸宁·阶段练习）I arrived hme frm wrk, my mind racing. I was scheduled t perfrm an experiment using a pricey piece f equipment, but I had spent the whle day wrrying abut the experiment which was n the tp f my agenda, and I amazingly lnged t shut ff my anxius thughts. S after dinner, I made a cup f ht chclate, stretched myself n my sfa, and pened a page. Almst instantly, my mind left behind the details f experimental design and stepped int a land f mnsters, magic dust, and man-like bears cmprising a wnderful wrld distinct frm my daily life. It was exactly what I needed.
Grwing up, I was virtually never a big fan f nvels. My classmates wuld be crazy abut the latest Harry Ptter bk, while my cpy sat cllecting dust n a shelf. Instead, I wuld chse t read thrugh the reference bks related t my disciplines fr better grades. After I started graduate schl, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal t me at all but I spent mst f my time n campus digesting research papers and textbks and my mind culdn’t handle prcessing fact-filled nnfictin bks at hme, t. S I knew that I needed t find a way t enjy reading again.
T help me stick with it, I made a New Year’s reslutin: I wuld read tw fictin bks per mnth fr the entire year. The result was an almst instant appreciatin f fictin, alng with many unexpected results including nes that have benefited my schlwrk.
What surprised me the mst was hw much I learned. Sme f the best bks I read were histrical fictinal stries happening in a realistic histrical setting. I learned abut life in different cuntries, as well as struggles peple there faced during difficult perids in their histries. The bks have helped me build sympathy and understanding, with an unexpected benefit: I’ve started t think mre deeply abut the diversity f issues in the scientific cmmunity and culd serve it, heart and sul.
26. What did the authr d t wipe ut the anxiety?
A. He drwned it in chclate.B. He cnducted an experiment.
C. He slept n the sfa leisurely.D. He escaped int a fantasy wrld.
27. What des the authr mean by the underlined part in paragraph 2?
A. Reading nvels was a waste f time.
B. Reading a gd bk was time well spent.
C. He was t busy t take gd care f his bks.
D. The Harry Ptter bk wasn’t as gd as expected.
28. Hw did the New Year ’s reslutin benefit the authr?
A. Mre sympathy went ut t him.
B. His mral values were strengthened.
C. He learned much abut religius diversity.
D. He gained new insight int his academic discipline.
29. What’s the best title f the text?
A. Reading: A Lifelng HbbyB. The Pwer f Research Papers
C. Nvels: Lve at Secnd SightD. The Benefits f Histry Reading
（23·24高三上·湖南常德·阶段练习）An educatr with a passin fr getting children emtinally invested in saving the ice caps gave a lessn t students as a plar bear stayed n his shulder. The bear seemed t say “hi” t them abut climate change.
Gavin McCrmack is trying t bring the “amazing natural phenmena” t the fingertips f children in an attempt t get them t help stp rising sea levels and becme passinate abut climate change, which is threatening the hme f plar bears.
The primary schl teacher decided t jump headfirst int his teachings and spent ten days n an icebreaker heading twards the Nrth Ple. On the first day at sea, a plar bear climbed ut f the water right in frnt f him and nt an island where it was attacked by a grup f Arctic terns (北极燕鸥).
“Each day is different but s interesting,” McCrmack said. “This week, my dream t teach children abut the wnder f a plar bear with ne right ver my shulder came true.”
The mst memrable mment fr him while in the Arctic was when his ship reached the pack ice. The ship crunched (嘎吱地响) thrugh the ice as they reached 82 degrees nrth and the nise was deafening. Earlier this week he launched his new curse “Be the Change”, which is free t all schls natinwide. “Be the Change” is designed t empwer children, families and cmmunities arund the wrld t bring abut changes and make glbal impacts. “It takes a curse-related apprach t imprve the wrld in meaningful ways,” Mr. McCrmack said.
McCrmack hpes t teach the “leaders f tmrrw” t include nature and the climate in every decisin they make. He is planning anther curse named “It Starts With Yu”, with the hpes f bringing purpseful educatin t as many children as pssible.
“Wrking alngside teachers, schls and students, we believe that when children are empwered t make real chices abut the future, the skills fr life are develped nt thrugh listening t what thers tell them, but thrugh experience,” McCrmack said.
30. Why did McCrmack head t the Nrth Ple?
A. T bserve an amazing natural sight.
B. T measure the rate f sea level rise.
C. T save plar bears frm extinctin.
D. T educate children in a real situatin.
31. What can we learn abut plar bears accrding t the text?
A. They are friendly twards human beings.
B. Climate change causes the lss f their habitats.
C. Arctic terns are their natural enemies.
D. Hunger drives them ut f water fr fd.
32. What des “Be the Change” aim t d?
A. T make a difference in imprving the wrld.
B. T change peple’s decisin-making methds.
C. T teach students t think twice befre making chices.
D. T develp students’ life skills thrugh experience.
33. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A. Climate Change — A Wrldwide Cncern
B. New Ways f Teaching Abut Climate Change
C. Jin Hands and Say N t Glbal Warming
D. An Interesting Trip t the Nrth Ple
（23·24高三上·江苏徐州·期中）The best advertisement fr public transprtatin is seeing a bus whsh past lines f cars stuck in traffic. When transit is cnvenient, cmfrtable, affrdable and faster than driving, the service practically sells itself. That’s why a recent bus-lane bm in Ls Angeles is s welcme.
Since 2019, Metr and the city’s Department f Transprtatin have rlled ut nine new segments (路段) fr a ttal f 40 miles f bus lanes n sme f the mst crwded streets with high bus ridership, such as La Brea Avenue, Venice Bulevard and Alvarad Street. The gal is t have 100 miles in place befre the 2028 Olympics.
The result has been faster, mre reliable service fr passengers—and fr drivers stuck in traffic, maybe even a little bus envy. Better bus service is essential t get peple t jbs, schls and pprtunities, and t entice drivers ut f cars t help reduce planet warming emissins.
Great transfrmatin has taken place since. Transit advcates have pressed Metr and elected fficials t stp treating bus riders as an afterthught. Frmer Cuncilmember Mike Bnin, wh als sat n Metr’s gverning bard, pushed fr the creatin f the Bus Speed and Reliability Wrking Grup. With a clear gal—t speed up the buses—and a mandate (授权) frm plitical leaders, staff at the tw agencies were able t cut thrugh bureaucratic barriers that ften stymie (阻碍) public wrks prjects.
Bus Rapid Transit, r busways, with dedicated lanes and special stps, have faced resistance frm sme residents and business wners, wh wrry abut lsing car lanes r parking. The cmprmise is that mst bus riders get the benefit f bus lanes nly during rush hurs, frm 7 t 10 a. m. and 4 t 7 p. m. These rush-hur lanes will demnstrate the benefits f giving peple fast, cnvenient bus service, s L. A. ‘s plitical leaders will whleheartedly supprt mre dedicated busways and even 24-hur bus lanes.
34. What have Metr and the city’s Department f Transprtatin dne?
A. Making preparatins fr the 2028 Olympics.
B. Demanding the buses t run 40 miles per hur.
C. Arranging special bus lanes during rush hurs.
D. Calling n citizens t take public transprtatin.
35. What des the underlined wrd “entice” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Attract.B. Order.C. Frce.D. Beg.
36. What led t the transfrmatin?
A. Plitics.B. Public awareness.C. Ecnmy.D. Marketing management.
37. What des the last paragraph imply?
A. Sme residents resist busways.B. Mre car lanes r parking will be lst.
C. Business wners cnflict with bus riders.D. Public transprtatin may get mre supprt.
（2023·重庆梁平·一模）Since we are vulnerable (脆弱的) when we sleep, sleep must play a critical rle, r evlutin wuldn’t have selected fr it. Early humans had t hunt, gather fd and prtect themselves. Thse activities cnsumed much time, s unless sleep served very imprtant purpses, thse wh slept less wuld have an advantage. Yet sleeping fr lng hurs f the night was kept fr years, but scientists had nly general ideas abut what happened during sleep. Recently, Dr. Chiara Chiarelli, a neurscientist, shared what sleep neurscience research has discvered.
Neural (神经的) netwrks in the brain are cnnected thrugh synapses (神经突触) which allw signals t flw thrughut the brain and nt cells. During waking hurs, new learning can strengthen the cnnectins. Yu can think f knwledge acquired ver a lng time as a grup f well-cnnected neural paths. When yu learn smething new, new paths are cnnected t the ld. During the waking hurs, yur brain prcesses massive amunts f new insignificant infrmatin, say remembering where yu parked yur car. But that memry has t be preserved at least until yu reach the car. It establishes a new cnnectin t yur memry f what yur car lks like, a well-established “ld” memry. The brain creates s many cnnectins daily that particular circuits can be heavily burdened.
Dr. Cirelli explained that during sleep, a great many synaptic cnnectins are weakened s that cnnectins are mre available fr new learning the next day. Cntinuing with the parked car example, the exact lcatin f the parked car is nt needed again, s the cnnectins are weakened. In fact, if it were nt, yu might memrize hundreds f places where yu have parked, leading t cnsiderable cnfusin!
Yu dn’t have t be a scientist t understand that nt sleeping well affects next day functining — this is cmmn cultural wisdm. Dr. Cirelli’s research is an example f science shwing the “why” and “hw” mechanisms that underlie that wisdm.
38. What des the example f early humans shw?
A. Sleep wasn’t as imprtant as it is tday.
B. Our ancestrs had a hard time surviving.
C. Sleep is significant in the histry f humans.
D. Whever sleeps less enjys mre advantages.
39. What message des the authr seem t cnvey in paragraph 2?
A. Our memry can be kept ver a lng perid f time.
B. Our brain can be verladed with synaptic cnnectins.
C. Our brain’s neural netwrk is cnnected thrugh synapses.
D. Our new learning is based n well-established ld memries
40. What has Dr. Cirelli’s research discvered?
A. Sleep relieves synaptic burden.B. Sleep carries cultural wisdm.
C. Sleep bradens neural paths.D. Sleep stimulates brain develpment.
41. What’s the authr’s attitude t Dr. Cirelli’s research?
A. DubtfulB. Unclear
C. Dismissive (鄙视的)D. Apprving
（23·24高三上·江苏徐州·期中）Nuclear energy is ne f the cleanest pwer n earth. It is cleaner than any energy surce except wind. But that desn’t necessarily mean nuclear is the lng-term slutin fr the wrld because nuclear material is perhaps the mst pisnus matter n earth. In additin, uranium, the element mst cmmnly used in nuclear reactrs, is nt in limitless supply. But the biggest prblem is nuclear waste.
Hw can we deal with nuclear waste? The answer is simple—put them smewhere where they can stay, undisturbed, islated, frever. Finland is building just that. This regin is largely lacking in natural disasters. It really desn’t encunter any natural phenmenn that culd damage a nuclear waste strage site, especially if it’s 1, 500 feet undergrund. Beneath an island n the Finnish Baltic Sea cast, the cuntry is digging. They’ re building the very first permanent nuclear waste strage facility in the wrld in the stable bedrck 1,500 feet belw.
Currently they’ re just finishing their dig dwn, then very sn they’ll start filling the facility with nuclear waste. They’ll dig lng tunnels with small hles in which they’ll place nuclear waste then backfill the tunnels with clay t be left frever.
With this system, there’s near zer risk f nuclear material leaking ut int the grundwater and, nce it’s filled in the year 2120, it can just be left, frever. Because the material will be s far dwn and s difficult t get t, n human management will be necessary nce cmpleted.
N security, n maintenance, nthing which means it shuld be truly secure, but befre leaving it, Finland needs t fight against ne thing—human nature. As curius beings, it’s hard t fight a persn’s urge f discvery. If smene finds a mysterius structure frm thusands f years ag, it’d just be natural t want t pen it up, and that’s a prblem fr nuclear waste sites.
We essentially did just that with the pyramids in Egypt. These structures were built as the final, permanent resting places and we pened them up because we were curius. Opening the nuclear strage facilities wuld release radiatin int a future civilizatin, s we have t tell them t leave the sites alne, but that’s easier said than dne.
42. Why is Finland building a nuclear strage site deep undergrund?
A. The tunnels there are easy t dig.B. The supply f uranium is limited.
C. Mdern technlgy makes it pssible.D. N natural disaster can influence the site.
43. What human nature des the authr wrry abut?
A. Being curius.B. A desire fr security.
C. Being adventurus.D. A desire fr cntrl.
44. What is the authr’s attitude tward Finland’s actin?
A. Supprtive.B. Tlerant.C. Dubtful.D. Pessimistic.
45. Why are the pyramids in Egypt mentined?
A. T aruse peple’s curisity.B. T predict the site’s develpment.
C. T illustrate the authr’s cncern.D. T stress the imprtance f the prject.Hand Brake, Three Gears
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