并列连词和定语从句 课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习

这是一份并列连词和定语从句 课件-2024届高三英语一轮复习，共25页。PPT课件主要包含了并列连词，定语从句，什么是定语从句，重要术语，ABAAA等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点 1　并列连词　
注意：（1）and,r 还可用于“祈使句+and/r+陈述句中，相当于“ nt..+主句）。Wrk hard and yu will succeed. ( = If yu wrk hard, yu will succeed.）努力工作，你就会成功。Dress warmly, r yu'll catch a cld. (= If yu dn't dresswarmly,yu'll catch a cld.）穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的。
（2）but 还可用于“I'm srry but...”和“Excuse me but.句型中。I am srry but I wn't be able t cme tnight.对不起我今晚不能来。Excuse me but culd yu keep this seat fr me fr a while?对不起，你能帮我看一会这个位置吗？
（3）when 还可用作并列连词，其意义为“这时，那时”。相当于 and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：①sb.was ding sth. when ②sb. was abut t d/ n the pint f ding ③sb. had just dne sth. when. We were having a meeting when smene brke in. 我们正在开会这时有人闯了进来。We were abut t set ff when it suddenly began t rain.我们刚要出发，这时天突然开始下雨。I had just finished my hmewrk when Tm came t me.我刚写完作业，Tm 就来找我了。
题组训练 用并列连词填空1.Shall we g ut t the cinema ______ stay at hme? 2.There are many kinds f sprts, _____my favrite is is very smart, _____many f his classmates like hard ______yu will be admitted t a key up _______yu will miss the bus.
正确答案：r;but;s;and;r
考点 2　定语从句 attributive clause
在完形填空和阅读理解，词汇填空中都会涉及很多含有定语从句的复合句，所以掌握好这个语法点对语篇阅读有很大助益。 引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词that, which, wh (宾格whm, 所有格whse)和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。(关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语，关系副词可作状语)
She is a girl. The girl has lng hair.她是一个女孩。这个女孩有着长头发。
她是一个有着长头发的女孩
She is a girl. The girl has lng hair.She is a girl wh has lng hair.主句 定语从句
在句子中作定语，修饰主句中某一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句
先行词：（antecedent）一个句子中出现在关系代词或关系副词之前，被这些代词或副词所引用和修饰的名词或代词关系代词：（relative prnun）关系代词是用来连接从句和主句的代词。在这些代词用于引导定语从句，用来修饰先行词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。wh, whm,which,that,whse,as关系副词：（relative adverb）关系副词是用来引导定语从句的副词when where why
练习：找出先行词和关系代词/副词The bk that I am reading is very interesting.（我正在读的那本书非常有趣。）The persn wh helped me was very kind.（帮助我的人非常友善。）This is the place where I grew up.（这就是我成长的地方。）
在上面的例子中，bk, persn 和 place 都是先行词，它们被定语从句中的关系代词 that, wh 和 where 所引用和修饰。
1.关系代词的基本用法 (注：关系代词在句中作宾语时常可省略。)①D yu knw the girl wh/that ften cmes here? 你认识经常来这里的那个女孩儿吗？(指人，作主语)②He's the by (wh/whm/that) I talked with just nw. 他就是刚才和我说话的男孩儿。(指人，作宾语)
③What's the name f the by whse father is a dctr? 父亲是医生的那个男孩儿叫什么？(指人，作定语)④My brther likes the bks which/that_were written by Mark Twain. 我弟弟喜欢马克·吐温写的书。(指物，作主语)⑤It's a nice gift (which/that)_yu bught fr me. 你给我买的礼物很好。(指物，作宾语)⑥This is my rm_whse_dr is red. 这个红色门的房间是我的。(指物，作定语)
易错提醒 ①wh在定语从句中作宾语时有时可和whm互换，但whm在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词置于whm之前时，不能用wh代替。②that指人时常可与wh或whm互换，指物时常可与which互换。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，需要用which或whm。
2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
3. 关系代词的特殊用法(1)用that而不用which的情况（重要）①当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the mst interesting film that I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。The first place that they visited in Lndn was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。②当先行词是all, little, few, sme, much, nne, smething, anything, everything, nthing 等不定代词时They said nthing that hurt ur teacher.③当先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, sme, n, nly等词修饰时。I have sme bks that are wrth reading.
3. 关系代词的特殊用法(1)用that而不用which的情况④当先行词被the nly, the very, the last, the same等修饰时。This is the very dictinary that I want t buy.这正是我想买的的那本词典。⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Can yu remember the scientist and his thery that we have heard f?⑥当主句是以wh, which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?（2）用which 不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句时 This nvel,which I have read three times,is very tuching.②关系代词前有介词 The reasn fr which he refused the invitatin is nt clear. ③先行词本身是that时 What’s that which flashed in the sky just nw？
3. 关系代词的特殊用法(3)用wh而不用that的情况①当先行词是ne, smene, anyne, everyne, nne(指人)等时。②当先行词有较长的后置定语时。D yu knw the girl in frnt f the blackbard wh is speaking t the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那个女孩儿吗？③以There be开头的句子，且先行词指人。There is a beautiful girl wh wants t see yu. 有一个漂亮的女孩儿想见你。 ④当主语是I, he, she, they等时，常用在谚语、格言中。He wh plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者自焚。
1.My mther desn't like stries ______have sad endings.A. that B. whC. where D. thse2.—D yu knw the man ______spke at the meeting just nw?—N, I dn't knw.A. what B. whC. which D. whse3.—Have yu seen the film The Wandering Earth(《流浪地球》)?—Yes. It's the best ne ______I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it4.Success always belngs t thse ______have tried their best t make their dreams cme true.A. wh B. whmC. whse D. which5.—Frank, lk! Wh are the children under the tree ______waiting in a line?—They are the students frm N.1 Primary Schl.A. that areB. where areC. which isD. wh is
5. 关系代词和关系副词的选用依据
6.“介词+关系代词”的用法
“介词+which/whm”引导定语从句的用法1.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词常用which或 whm，并且不能省。He paid the by $ 10 fr washing ten windws, mst f which hadn't been cleaned fr at least a year.他付给男孩10美元擦洗10个窗户，这10个窗户中大部分至少一年没擦了。In the dark street, there wasn't a single persn, t whm she culd turn fr help.在黑暗的街道上，她没有一个两以求助的人。2.在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+which/whm 从句”结构中的介词不能移到从句的后面。He has visited Gu'an N.One High Schl fr several times,in which he has many friends.（in 不能放在定语从句句末）他已经参观过固安一中几次了，在那里他有很多朋友。3.“复合介词短语+which”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。He lived in a big huse, in frnt f which std a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵又大又高的树。4.“介词+which/whm+不定式”结构。The pr man has n huse in which t live.= The pr man has n huse (that/which) he can live in.= The pr man has n huse in which he can live.= The pr man has n huse t live in.那个穷人没房子住
7.“介词+关系副词”的用法
when=n whichwhere=in whichwhy=fr which
(2）有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词 where/when 前加介词 frm/t 等。China is the birthplace f kites; frm where kite flying spreads t Japan, Krea, Thailand and India.中国是风筝的发源地，从这里成风筝传到了日本、朝鲜、泰国和印度。(3）关系副词 when, where 可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词 why 不可以。
题组训练 用适当的关系词填空
（一）1. I discussed it with my brther,_____is a lawyer.2. I have fund a shp________has everything we need.3. This is the girl_____prnunciatin is the best in ur class.4. We will never frget the days _____we stayed at that beautiful cuntryside.5. The place_____they will g is their hmetwn.6. Can yu explain the reasn______yu dn't want t help him?7. When Elias met Mandela, he was in a situatin _____ he was treated badly.8. Her sn,____ ____she was s devted, went abrad ten years ag.9. Anne was a Jewish girl_____diary has been read widely all ver the wrld.10. They will fly t Beijing,_____they plan t stay fr tw days.