山东省名校联盟2024届高三下学期开学考试英语试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份山东省名校联盟2024届高三下学期开学考试英语试题（Word版附解析），共13页。

高三年级下学期开学联考
英 语 试 题
2024.2
本试卷共 10页。 满分120分。 考试用时 100分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用 0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2.5分,满分 37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sme bridges are suspended at dizzy heights, thers stretch fr miles. Take a lk at sme f the wrld's greatest bridges.
THE MOST TERRIFYING——Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge
If yu're afraid f heights, yu might nt want t walk alng the Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge in central China, which is the wrld's lngest and highest glass bridge. It is suspended 300 metres abve the grund, and walkers can see the sheer(陡峭的) drp belw as they walk ver 99 glass panels. The terrifying structure was cmpleted in December 2015and cst arund £2.6 millin t build. Hw safe is it? T test it, Chinese fficials struck
高三英语试题 第 1页 (共10页)
the bridge with hammers and drve a car ver it.
THE TILTING(倾斜的) BRIDGE——Gateshead Millennium Bridge
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge in the nrth-east f England is the wrld's first tilting bridge. A tilting bridge is a mving bridge that uses mtrs t lift the arching structure——rather than pening in the middle and lifting up like a drawbridge——t allw ships t pass underneath. It has eight mtrs and can tilt at abut 40°i n fur and a half minutes, making it a mst extrardinary ne thrughut the wrld. Opened t the public in 2001, the bridge spans the River Tyne.
THE LONGEST BRIDGE——Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge
At an enrmus 102 miles, Danyang-Kunshan Grand Bridge in China is the wrld's lngest bridge. Its span is the same as the distance frm Birmingham t Lndn, and it tk a wrkfrce f 10,000 peple fur years t cmplete it. Arund 450,000 tns f steel was used in its cnstructin, and it is s stable that it can stand 8-magnitude earthquakes r being hit by a 300,000-tn ship. It can even cpe with the pwer f a strng typhn.
1. Why is Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge the mst terrifying bridge?
A. It is made f glass.
B. It is the lngest bridge.
C. It twers high in the sky.
D. It stands hammer-hitting.
2. What is special f the Gateshead Millennium Bridge?
A. It is the wrld's first mving bridge.
B. It can pen in the middle and lift up.
C. It csts tns f steel in the cnstructin.
D. It uses 8 mtrs t tilt in a few minutes.
3. What d these three bridges have in cmmn?
A. They tk millins t cmplete.
B. They span an astnishing length.
C. They are the wnders f engineering.
D. They are the stablest bridges in the wrld.
高三英语试题 第2页 (共10页)
B
In 2014, an art student frm university went t Beijing Z. Little did he knw that a chance encunter with crals (珊瑚) there wuld start a lifelng passin. Until tday, Xu Yitang, a Beijing native, has settled in Hainan prvince, where he serves as a cral cnservatinist. Fr Xu, wh had been studying Peking Opera since childhd, becming a cral cnservatinist was an unexpected turn f events.
After he first saw crals at the z, he began t frequent the lcal market t learn abut cral farming frm sellers f cral prducts. He als learned diving and underwater phtgraphy t get a clser lk at crals fr research purpses. Each day, he spends several hurs diving deep under the waves t bserve and dcument the grwth and develpment f the creatures and shares phts and vides f crals n scial media platfrms. His gal was t raise awareness and knwledge abut crals, s that peple can learn hw t prtect them effectively.
As he studied deeper int the creature, he learned that crals are knwn as “underwater gardens” f the cean, prviding a hme fr a quarter f all cean life. Unfrtunately, with the strengthening f the greenhuse effect, rising sea temperatures have led t cral bleaching(白化). Xu felt an increasing sense f urgency and respnsibility t prtect them.
While pursuing his passin t prtect crals, he met his life partner, Liu Xiwen, thrugh their shared hbby f diving in Hainan. “Unlike many yung peple wh care abut their dress and appearance, he is simply fcused n prtecting crals,” says Liu abut Xu.“Despite his skin injury frm spending lng hurs in the seawater, his attitude is different frm what I've seen in mst yung peple in Beijing, and it's attractive t me.”
4. What can we learn abut Xu Yitang frm the first paragraph?
A. He majred in cral prtectin.
B. He was brn in Hainan prvince.
C. He wrked in Beijing as a cral expert.
D. He fund his lve fr crals by chance.
5. Why des Xu Yitang share phts and vides f crals n scial media?
A. T recrd his explring prcess.
B. T spread knwledge abut crals.
C. T intrduce his diving experience.
D. T shw ff his phtgraphy ability.
高三英语试题 第 3 页 (共10页)
6. What cntributed t the cral bleaching?
A. The pllutin f cean envirnment.
B. The develpment f cean farming.
C. The damage t underwater gardens.
D. The increase in cean temperatures.
7. Which f the fllwing best describes Xu Yitang?
A. Emtinal. B. Devted.
C. Public-spirited. D. Curisity-driven.
C
Trpical(热带的) frests culd becme s ht that sme kinds f leaves will n lnger be able t cnduct phtsynthesis (光 合 作用), accrding t a study. The phtsynthetic machinery in trpical trees begins t fail at abut 46.7℃ n average. The research suggests that frests may be nearing dangerus temperature sner than expected. Mdels predict that nce we hit a glbal temperature increase f 3.9℃, these frests might experience mass leaf damage.
Chris Dughty, an assciate prfessr at Nrthern Arizna University and the lead researcher f the study, said the leaf-warming experiments had revealed a nnlinear rise in temperatures. “We were really surprised that when we warmed leaves by 2, 3 r 4℃, the highest leaf temperatures actually increased by 8℃. This shws a cncerning nnlinear feedback that we were nt expecting.” said Dughty. “If we adpt a d-nthing respnse t climate change and trpical frest air temperatures increase by greater than 4℃, there culd be massive leaf death.” he added.
Aviding high emissins(排放) in the first place is key t stabilizing temperatures. “We shuld d all we can t avid high-emissins. Under lw-emissins, almst all trpical frest tree leaves can avid death frm verheating and the trees will survive,” said Simn Lewis, a prfessr f glbal change science at University Cllege Lndn. “Yet what the study desn't lk at is heatwaves. We still might see tree deaths frm verheating fr limited perids during heatwaves under lwer emissins.”
Researchers suggest that the damage is nt yet unchanged. “Vte fr peple wh are serius abut addressing climate change and transferring t lw-carbn ecnmies, ”Disney,
高三英语试题 第4页 (共 10页)
ne researcher, advcated. Mre generally, we can all recgnize the imprtance f supprting thse cuntries and peple wh live in and rely n trpical frests ecnmically, But the serius changes t trpical frests dn't just affect the lcal peple it's a glbal issue.
8. Which f the fllwing can best replace the underlined wrd “nnlinear” in Paragraph 2?
A. Glbal. B. Dramatic. C. Steady. D. Minr.
9. What is mst crucial in keeping temperatures stable?
A. Planting mre trees. B. Explring heatwaves.
C. Cnducting researches. D. Pursuing lw emissins.
10. What was Disney's suggestin in the last paragraph?
A. Prmting glbal effrts.
B. Seeking ecnmic supprt.
C. Helping trpical cuntries.
D. Bsting lw-carbn educatin.
11. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Glbal warming harms trees.
B. Trpical frests lse functins.
C. Trpical leaves struggle in heat.
D. Frests near dangerus temperature.
D
Dementia (痴呆), a serius mental disrder caused by brain disease r injury, affects the ability t think, remember and behave nrmally. 160,000 peple have sme frms f dementia in Sweden, Alzheimer's disease being the mst cmmn. At the same time, many new diagnstic(诊断的) methds and early-interventin treatment have been develped in recent years, which highlights the need t identify mre risk factrs fr the disease.
Previus studies have demnstrated a pssible assciatin between depressin and dementia. A present study nw clearly shws that peple wh have been diagnsed with depressin are mre likely t be diagnsed with Alzheimer's disease. Unlike the previus nes, the study was cnducted using Regin Stckhlm's administrative healthcare database, which cntains all healthcare cntacts recrded by the regin. It shws that the risk f Alzheimer's disease was mre than twice as high in patients with stress and in patients with
高三英语试题 第 5 页 (共 10页)
depressin as it was in patients withut either cnditin; in patients with bth depressin it was up t fur times as high.
“The reasn fr it is unknwn,” says the study's last authr Axel C. Carlssn. “The finding is imprtant in that it enables us t imprve preventative effrts and understand links with the ther risk factrs fr dementia.
The researchers fcused n patients between the ages f 18 and 65 and between 2012 and 2013. They identified 44,447 peple with a diagnsis f depressin and fllwed them fr eight years t see hw many f them were later diagnsed with Alzheimer's disease. A cmparisn with all ther 1,362,548 individuals in the age grup shwed that mre peple with depressin had als been diagnsed with Alzheimer's disease.
“It's very uncmmn fr peple in this age grup t develp dementia, s we need t identify all pssible risk factrs fr the disease,” says Dr Carlssn. “We shw here that the diagnsis is mre cmmn in peple wh have suffered depressin, but mre studies will be required if we're t demnstrate any reasn there.
12. What d the previus studies and the present ne differ in?
A. The target. B. The methd.
C. The purpse. D. The thery.
13. Why is the new finding imprtant?
A. It clarifies the cnditin f dementia.
B. It makes clear the risks f depressin.
C. It cnfirms the previus study finding.
D. It helps with the dementia preventin.
14. What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut cncerning the study?
A. Its prcess. B. Its backgrund.
C. Its applicatin. D. Its assessment.
15. What may the fllw-up studies fcus n?
A. Why dementia spreads wide in Sweden.
B. What links exist amng mental diseases.
C. Hw depressin cnnects with dementia.
D. What ther risk factrs lead t dementia.
高三英语试题 第6页 (共 10页)
第二节(共5 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Jys f Cllege
Often, we cllege students cmplain endlessly abut all f the things we hate abut cllege. And sure, cllege is really stressful and there are sme aspects I dn't like. 16
The first thing I truly enjy abut being a cllege student is that I get t take classes that actually interest me. 17 In cllege, learning desn't feel like a chre(苦差事) t me any mre because I actually get t design my schedule t my interests.
The cmmunity at the university is als very imprtant t me. We are all suffering here but we are all suffering tgether. 18 I knw I can cmplain t any fellw cllege student abut the stress my assignments are causing and they will always understand.
19 The campus parties, hliday markets, and cncerts give us smething t lk frward t as we struggle ur way thrugh ur classes. And a variety f club activities ——like the Campus Times——make cllege life all the mre exciting.
The university presents us with s many unique pprtunities as well. We are encuraged t study abrad, which allws students t experience student life in anther cuntry and dive int ther cultures in the prcess. 20 Students maybe even land a jb prir t graduatin.
S althugh there are a lt f negatives f cllege——and I mean a lt——there are als a lt f psitives. I knw that when I graduate, I'm ging t miss being a cllege student.
A. After all, cllege can be very demanding.
B. The fun activities and clubs are als a plus.
C. But fr nce, I'd like t fcus n the psitives.
D. Here, there are s many different fields t study.
E. Additinally, being a trainee is a great way t get experience.
F. The cllege experience can get bearable due t this cmmunity.
G. It isn't like high schl where yu're required t take the same classes.
高三英语试题 第7 页 (共 10页)
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共 15 小题；每小题1分，满分 15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D.四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Brian Tracy is a very famus Canadian-brn mtivatinal speaker, and it is safe enugh t say that he is ne f the best nes ut there. Brian is 21 gd at the fields f public speaking, leadership and success psychlgy. 22 , it did nt begin fr Brian like that, as he was the trublemaker f the family.
Brian Tracy was brn in Canada in 1944 and 23 in the United States. His early childhd was spent in many lcatins, including Illinis, Wiscnsin, Minnesta and Califrnia. His family 24 frequently and he was ften in a new schl. His mther was a 25 single parent wh held dwn three jbs t 26 the family.
In his childhd, he fell in lve with reading, which brught him great 27 and helped him g thrugh these tugh years. Tracy read 28 bks, including bigraphies (传记) and bks n success, persnal develpment and histry. His reading gave him an 29 that was far beynd his years. Althugh his life was full f 30 , Tracy's ptimism and determinatin eventually 31 his success. His early childhd experiences 32 his beliefs and values, and he 33 them t his later life and career.
His deeds are an inspiratin t many peple in truble and he has ne main message fr everyne ut there, “I believe thrugh 34 and the applicatin f what yu have learned, yu can 35 any bstacle and achieve any gal that yu set fr yurself.”
21. A. bviusly B. generally C. ccasinally D. extremely
22. A. Therefre B. Hwever C. Besides D. Otherwise
23. A. raised B. adpted C. acknwledged D. nted
24. A. mved B. escaped C. exchanged D. quarreled
25. A. cnfident B. hardwrking C. cautius D. patient
26. A. build B. assist C. save D. supprt
27. A. name B. cnfusin C. delight D. attentin
28. A. varius B. best-selling C. similar D. special
29. A. insight B. pinin C. experience D. achievement
30. A. chances B. risks C. hardships D. threats
31. A. held back B. resulted frm C. turned ver D. cntributed t
32. A. ruined B. weakened C. shaped D. reflected
33. A. transfrmed B. applied C. expsed D. reached
34. A. practicing B. learning C. seeking D. creating
35. A. vercme B. pse C. hit D. encunter
高三英语试题 第 8 页 (共10页)
第二节(共10 小题;每小题1.5 分,满分 15 分)
タ
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Silk, a kind f light, delicate and sft fabric, has pushed its way thrughut China's histry. One cannt be certain f its rigin, but the ancient Chinese peple credited their wn wisdm 36 Leizu, the wife f the Yellw Emperr, as the 37 (invent) f sericulture(养蚕业).
Amng the varius styles and materials f silk, Nanjing Yunjin is a fancy fabric ften 38 (use) fr ryal cstumes, representing China's highest level f silk knitting(编织)technique. Yunjin is best made by hand in a cmplex prcedure, 39 cnsists f mre than a hundred steps. Even the mst skilled craftsmen can nly knit a few centimeters a day. Time, patience 40 skillfulness all play critical rles in its rare beauty. In the Western Han Dynasty, explrer Zhang Qian 41 (pen) up the rutes t the western regins. Silk, 42 (play) a critical rle in the ancient rutes, beautified cuntries in Central Asia and then ther parts f Eurasia and beynd.
In the hands f Chinese artists, the 43 (thin) threads can knit enrmus pssibilities, and the sftest material can pass thrugh thusands f years. As ne f the many 44 (wnder) f ancient China, silk is nt merely a type f fabric. It is a cultural symbl as well as 45 expressin f elegance.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分 15 分)
假定你是校英语话剧社负责人李华，请给外教Carline 写邮件邀请她担任话剧比赛评委。内容包括：
1. 比赛简介;
2. 评委工作。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80个左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Carline,
Yurs sincerely.
Li Hua
高三英语试题 第9页 (共10页)
第二节(满分 25 分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a sun-kissed spring afternn alng the beautiful Maryland cast, and Jnathan Bauer, a 51-year-ld frmer firefighter, was enjying a rare mment with his 13-year-ld daughter, Ava. The tw f them were heading hme acrss the Rute 90 bridge, ver the waters f Assawman Bay.
Hwever, the peace f their drive was suddenly disturbed by the nise f tires and a hrrible crash just ahead f them. A black truck was ut f cntrl, running int a cncrete barrier, and finally cming t rest ver the bridge's railing(栏杆).
In that heart-stpping mment, Bauer hit the brakes in time t avid the vehicles in his path, narrwly aviding a crash with the truck ahead. But his heart sank as he saw a red car sliding backward twards him. He turned left, but t late——the car ultimately crashed int the trunk f his car.
Bauer stpped the car. “Ava, are yu OK?” he asked. Thankfully, Ava emerged frm the chas, but therwise unhurt. Bauer, hwever, culdn't stand by. Rushing t the red car, he checked n its driver. “Are yu OK?” he asked the driver. She ndded, t shcked t speak.
Then, suddenly, a scream f “HELP” cut thrugh the air, cming frm the verturned truck. As the truck driver climbed ut and pinted tward the water, Bauer raced t his side. In the shallw bay waters belw, he sptted a car seat and a terrified tw-year-ld girl, dressed in a pink dress.
Withut hesitatin, Bauer instructed Ava t call the ambulance as he remved his shes. He knew the situatin was urgent, and he had t act swiftly t save the baby. He climbed nt the bridge’s railing, preparing t make a jump f faith int the water. He was nt sure abut his chances jumping frm this height int such shallw water. And were there rcks this clse t the cncrete pillar(柱子) f the bridge?
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
高三英语试题 第10页 (共10页)Bauer jumped int the water.
As the ambulance left, Ava anxiusly turned t her father.
英语试题参考答案
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
A 篇 CDC
B篇 DBDB
C 篇 BDAC
D篇 BDAC
第二节 (共5 小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分 12.5分)
CGFBE
注意：每小题2.5分，凡是与答案不符者，不给分。
第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分 30分)
第一节(共15 小题; 每小题1分, 满分 15分)
21-25DBAAB
26-30 DCAAC
31-35 DCBBA
注意：每小题1分，凡是与答案不符者，不给分。
第二节(共10小题； 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. t 37. inventr 38. used 39. which 40. and
41. pened 42. playing 43. thinnest 44. wnders 45. an
注意：1. 每小题1.5分，单复数、词型不正确均不给分。
2.如有其它形式，意义通顺，合乎上下文意义，可以给分。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (满分 15 分)
Dear Carline,
I'm Li Hua, head f English Drama Club in ur schl. I'm writing t invite yu t be a judge f an English drama cmpetitin.
The cmpetitin is scheduled in the lecture hall frm 7 p. m. t 9 p. m. next Friday. Varieties f dramas adapted frm English classics are expected t be shwn. The judges will give scres based n the cmpetitrs' prnunciatin, emtin and perfrmance n the spt. Meanwhile, we hpe yu culd share with us yur prfessinal cmments n ral English, which will definitely benefit us a lt.
I wuld appreciate it if yu culd take my invitatin int cnsideratin.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
Bauer jumped int the water. A mment later he was buncing ff the sandy bttm——unhurt!The little girl was less than 10 feet away. Bauer swam t her in a few quick strkes and lifted her ut f the water: muth half pen, eyes nearly clsed, nt breathing. Standing up, he laid her against his shulder and patted her at the back with his hand. After tense mments, she began cughing and her eyes pened. Tears f relief filled Bauer's eyes as he carried the girl t the shre.
As the ambulance left, Ava anxiusly turned t her father. Bauer hugged his wn daughter tightly, a mment they’d cherish frever.“That girl is ging t live a whle life because f yu.It's incredible.” she said t her father. “Well, I just did what a man shuld d”, respnded the father. On that bright spring day, Jnathan Bauer's jump f faith became a symbl f curage and lve. It was a reminder that rdinary peple can perfrm extrardinary acts f herism, frever changing the lives f thers.