人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction优秀课时练习

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction优秀课时练习，共12页。试卷主要包含了 fictin n， bnus n， ridiculus adj， dignity n， absurd adj， nail n， ladder n， salesman n等内容，欢迎下载使用。

I. 阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思
1. fictin n. _____________
2. bnus n. _____________
3. ridiculus adj. _____________
4. dignity n. _____________
5. absurd adj. _____________
6. nail n. _____________ vt. _____________
7. ladder n. _____________
8. salesman n. _____________
9. alien n. _____________ adj. _____________
10. inactin n. _____________
11. leather n. _____________
12. inch n. _____________
13. niece n. _____________
14. maximum adj. _____________
II. 核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词
1. _____________ n. 薪水；薪金
2. _____________ vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓
3. _____________ vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除
4. _____________ cnj. 然而；但是；尽管
5. _____________ n. 谣言；传闻
6. _____________ vt. & vi. 假设；假定
7. _____________ n. 车费；船费；飞机票价
8. _____________ adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的
9. _____________ n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动vi.奋斗；努力工作
10. _____________ vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧
11. _____________ adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的
12. _____________ vt. (去)拿来；(去)请来
13. _____________ n. 手帕；纸巾
14. _____________ n. 灯；台灯
15. _____________ n. 速度；步伐；节奏vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏
16. _____________ adj. 随机的；不可思议的
III. 拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词
1. appint vt. 任命；委任→__________ n. 约会；预约；委任→__________ adj. 约定的；指定的
2. guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；有罪→__________ adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
3. week n. 星期→__________ adj. 每周的n. 周刊
4. calculate vt. 计算；核算；预测→___________n. 计算；预测→__________ n. 计算器→__________ adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的→___________ adj. 精明的；精于算计的
5. declare vt. 表明；宣称；公布→___________ n. 公告；宣言
6. divide vt. 分割；分配；除以→___________ n. 分开；分隔；差异；除(法)；部门，处
7. explde vi. & vt. 爆炸；爆破→___________ n. 爆炸；爆破(声)→_________ adj. 易爆炸的；猛增的
8. mud n. 泥；泥浆→___________ adj. 泥泞的
9. urge n. 强烈的欲望；冲动vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐→___________ adj. 紧急的；迫切的
IV. 重点短语英汉互译
(i) 课内基础达标
1. _____________检验；测试
2. _____________更像是；更接近
3. _____________根据；以……的方式(基准)
4. _____________事物的利与弊；支持与反对
5. _____________比……更好；更胜一筹
6. take ver _____________
7. cnflict with _____________
8. turn ut _____________
9. at maximum speed _____________
10. n a business trip _____________
(ii) 课外拓展延伸
1. _____________参加选拔
2. _____________一点也不像
3. _____________对……感到内疚
4. _____________向……宣战
5. _____________把某物分成……
6. urge sb t d sth _____________
7. keep pace with _____________
8. fall behind _____________
9. take up _____________
10. be senir t _____________
V. 经典句式过关练
(i) 课内基础达标——补全句子
1.她转过身来，格拉迪斯·克拉芬站在那里。(全部倒装)
As she turned arund, _____________ Gladys Claffern.
2. 今天十点钟，第一台时间机器开始投入使用。(强调句型)
__________________________ the first f all Time Machines began its career.
3. 环顾四周，我看到我的实验室和从前一模一样。(现在分词作状语)
_____________, I saw my labratry exactly as befre.
4. 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏他的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。(It be＋形容词＋that从句)
Claire thught _____________ she was being ffered sympathy by a rbt, but she gradually admired his wisdm and integrity and began t trust him.
(ii) 课外拓展延伸——补全句子
1. 她说：“可是我已经欺骗了我奶奶。”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(guilt)
“But I have cheated my grandmther,” said she, and __________________________.
2. 当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。(declare)
When the teacher __________________________, I was surprised and pleased.
3. 父母应该积极地督促孩子利用这个机会加入体育队。(urge)
Parents shuld actively _______________________________________ t jin sprts teams.
4. 汤姆从他父亲那里接管公司后，吸收了一些科学思想，并雇用了一些经验丰富、工作努力的工人。(take ver)
__________________________, Tm tk in sme scientific ideas and tk n sme experienced and hard-wrking wrkers.
Part Tw 核心考点基础练
I. 词形变化练
1. Yu shuld have a gd plan fr yur hliday rather than spend it ________ (randm).
2. After the secnd _______ (explde), all f the city’s main train and subway statins were shut dwn.
3. If yu still can’t take my advice, yu get ready fr yur ______ (dismiss).
4. I feel _______ (guilt) fr teasing the inncent child wh fell ver n the _______ (mud) track.
5. We are discussing abut what the pssible wrk _______ (divide) is between men and wmen.
6. Deep in srrw, the man wndered hw t fetch help, ______ (pace) up and dwn in the rm nervusly.
7. I quickly signed up t the verall sprts club, had a lk at the ______ (week) timetable and decided t try them all ut.
8. The mst likely explanatin appears t be that the ______ (base) lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lt f expsure t human facial expressins.
II. 固定用法练
1. Mr. White fell ______ the tree and brke his left leg last week.
2. He picked up a handkerchief _____ randm and handed it t his niece t wipe her nse.
3. The by ften cnflicts ______ ther students, which makes his parents explde with anger.
4. If yu feel ______ yu are the characters in the drama, yu’ll find it easy t memrize the lines.
5. First f all, it is learning mre abut the histry f Chinese mdern drama in advance ____ is f great imprtance.
6. When many scientists and schlars were still arguing abut the prs ______ cns f alien existence and AI develpment, Hawking said he believed humans wuld eventually be taken ______ by AI and rbts.
7. It’s really amazing ______ the nce-ruined place has nw been turned int a beautiful schl, full f life.
8. He has frmed the habit f getting up early and exercising ______ a daily basis, which enables him t keep physically healthy.
Part Three高考题型强化练
I. 阅读理解
A
The team, led by Michael T. Tlley, a prfessr f mechanical engineering at the Jacbs Schl f Engineering at UC San Dieg, details its findings in the Feb.17, 2021 issue f the jurnal Science Rbtics.
“This wrk represents a fundamental yet significant step twards fully-autnmus, electrnics-free walking rbts,” said Dylan Drtman, a PhD student in Tlley’s research grup and the paper’s first authr.
Applicatins include lw-cst rbts fr entertainment, such as tys, and rbts that can perate in envirnments where electrnics cannt functin, such as MRI machines. Sft rbts are f particular interest because they easily adapt t their envirnment and perate safely near humans.
Mst sft rbts are pwered by air and are cntrlled by electrnic circuits. But this apprach requires cmplex cmpnents like circuit bards, valves (阀门) and pumps—ften utside the rbt’s bdy. These cmpnents, which make up the rbt’s brain and nervus system, are typically large and expensive. By cntrast, the UC San Dieg rbt is cntrlled by a lightweight, lw-cst system f air-pwered circuits, made up f tubes and sft valves, n bard the rbt itself. The rbt can walk n cmmand r in respnse t signals it senses frm the envirnment.
“With ur apprach，yu culd make a very cmplex rbtic brain,” said Tlley, the study’s senir authr. “Our fcus here was t make the simplest air-pwered nervus system needed t cntrl walking.”
In the future, researchers want t imprve the rbt’s ways t walk s it can walk n natural fields and uneven surfaces. This wuld allw the rbt t navigate ver a variety f bstacles (障碍). This wuld require a mre cmplicated netwrk f sensrs and as a result a mre cmplex air-pwered system. The team will als lk at hw the technlgy culd be used t create rbts, which are in part cntrlled by air-pwered circuits fr sme functins, such as walking.
1. What is the achievement f the team’s study?
A. Their rbts can walk a huge step.
B. Their rbts wrk fllwing cmmands.
C. Their study gets their electrnics fr free.
D. They find a new technique in walking rbts.
2. What can the team’s rbts be applied t frm the passage?
A. Ty cmpanies’ prducts.
B. Envirnmental prtectin.
C. Human safety.
D. Factries withut wrkers.
3. What will the researchers prbably d?
A. Change the way f pwer.
B. Help rbts walk as humans.
C. Imprve rbts t avid bstacles.
D. Build a netwrk t cntrl rbts.
4. What is the passage mainly talking abut?
A. The intrductin t electrnics-free walking rbts.
B. The functins f newly-develped rbts.
C. The applicatins f sft walking rbts.
D. The ways t imprve traditinal rbts.
B
A rbt with a sense f tuch may ne day “feel” pain, bth its wn physical pain and sympathy fr the pain f its human cmpanins. Such rbts are still far ff, but advances in rbtic tuch-sensing are bringing that pssibility clser t reality.
Sensrs set in sft, artificial skin that can detect bth a gentle tuch and a painful strike have been hked up t a rbt that can then signal emtins, Asada reprted February 15 at the annual meeting f the American Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science. This artificial “pain nervus system”, as Asada calls it, may be a small building blck fr a machine that culd ultimately experience pain. Such a feeling might als allw a rbt t “sympathize” with a human cmpanin’s suffering.
Asada, an engineer at Osaka University, and his clleagues have designed tuch sensrs that reliably pick up a range f tuches. In a rbt system named Affett, an realistic-lking child’s head, these tuch and pain signals can be cnverted t emtinal facial expressins.
“A tuch-sensitive, sft material, as ppsed t a rigid metal surface，allws richer interactin between a machine and the wrld,” says neurscientist Kingsn Man f the University f Suthern Califrnia. “Artificial skin allws the pssibility f engagement in truly intelligent ways”.
Such a system, Asada says, might ultimately lead t rbts that can recgnize the pain f thers, a valuable skill fr rbts designed t help care fr peple in need, the elderly, fr instance.
“But there is an imprtant distinctin between a rbt that respnds in a predictable way t a painful strike and a rbt that’s able t cmpute an internal feeling accurately,” says Damasi, a neurscientist als at the University f Suthern Califrnia. “A rbt with sensrs that can detect the tuch and pain is alng the lines f having a rbt，fr example, that smiles when yu talk t it”, Damasi says. “It’s a device fr cmmunicatin f the machine t a human. While that’s an interesting develpment, it’s nt the same thing as a rbt designed t cmpute sme srt f internal experience,” he says.
5. What d we knw abut the “pain nervus system”？
A. It is named Affett by scientists.
B. It is a set f cmplicated sensrs.
C. It is able t signal different emtins.
D. It cmbines sensrs and artificial skin.
6. What des the underlined wrd “cnverted” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Delivered. B. Translated. C. Attached. D. Adapted.
7. What can be the best title f the text?
A. Machines Becme Emtinal
B. Rbts Inch t Feeling Pain
C. Human Feelings Can Be Felt
D. New Devices Tuch Yur Heart
II. 完形填空
One mrning, Chard, wrking as an assistant in an Indian hspital, sptted me utside the COVID-19 ward (病房). I was then 1 trying t find ut abut my brther’s 2 . But it was a terrible day fr dctrs—sme patients had died, and new 3 were being wheeled in thrughut.
S Chard 4 t me and asked if he culd help. I tld him it had been three days since my brther was put n a ventilatr (呼吸器), and n ne came t update us. Chard 5 help and tld me that there had been n turn fr the 6 in the last 10 hurs.
I was 7 because it was just what I needed t hear while I waited fr an hur utside the ward, anxius and 8 . I tld Chard hw depressed I had felt until his 9 cut thrugh my panic.
Later, I ften 10 Chard and his clleagues t take messages, bringing supprt and 11 . His hpeful wrds gave me sme relief. In the mst difficult times in my life, such kind, calming wrds 12 a lt t me.
When my brther was discharged after nearly a mnth, I sent a message, expressing my gratitude t him fr his 13 help and endless effrts. And I was s impressed by his 14 under such circumstances. He is a 15 in this fight like dctrs and nurses.
1. A. desperately B. awfully C. nrmally D. kindly
2. A. surgery B. instructin C. cnditin D. medicine
3. A. patients B. dctrs C. nurses D. assistants
4. A. rse up B. turned up C. walked up D. shwed up
5. A. prmised B. accepted C. advised D. ffered
6. A. better B. strnger C. sadder D. wrse
7. A. annyed B. satisfied C. dizzy D. grateful
8. A. scared B. hurt C. sensitive D. envied
9. A. supply B. wrd C. influence D. chices
10. A. turned in B. called in C. relied n D. tk n
11. A. cmfrt B. idea C. cautin D. slutin
12. A. changed B. meant C. cnveyed D. benefited
13. A. technical B. enjyable C. timely D. previus
14. A. mvement B. devtin C. decisin D. achievement
15. A.by B. friend C. man D. her
III. 语法填空
The pening f the high-speed rail link between Hng Kng and Shenzhen has nce again caught the attentin f the wrld. In 1876, the first cmmercial train 1.________ (launch) in China. Nw this new engine fr cntinued ecnmic prgress is gradually becming the criterin.
The netwrk is changing China in many ways. Like railway twns that emerged alng the tracks in the 19th century Britain and America, urban 2.________(grw) in China is als fllwing the rail lines. The netwrk 3.________ (result) in the creatin f business pprtunities ever since. 4._______ is an ecsystem that is making prfits nt merely thrugh the sales f tickets but thrugh its verall capacity, 5.________(drive) China frward despite internatinal financial difficulties f this year.
Remte cities which used t carry ut cmmercial 6._______ (activity) alne are nw cnnected with large industrial znes. By way f the increased cnnectivity, lesser develped regins are catching up with develped nes. Peple can nw make trips t places 7._______ culdn’t be reached befre ver a weekend. Similarly, they have 8.________ (great) access t remte areas and less explred regins where the lives f peple cnnected t the turism industry have been dramatically imprved than befre.
High-speed trains are cntributing 9.________ (significant) t China’s ecnmic and scial develpment. As the netwrk cntinues t expand, it will nt be lng befre all regins f the cuntry start prgressing 10.________ the same interdependent pace.
答案部分
Part One 词汇句式一遍过
I. 阅读障碍词
1. 小说；虚构的事 2. 意外收获；奖金；红利 3. 愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 4. 庄重；庄严；尊严 5. 荒谬的；荒唐的 6. 指甲；趾甲；钉子; (用钉子)钉牢；固定 7. 梯子；阶梯 8. 售货员；推销员 9. 外星人(生物)；外国人; 陌生的；外星的；外国的 10. 无行动；不采取措施 11. 皮革 [pl. 皮衣；皮外套 12. 英寸 13. 侄女；外甥女 14. 最大极限的n. 最大量；最大限度
II. 核心四会词
1. salary 2. suspend 3. dismiss 4. whereas 5. rumur 6. presume 7. fare 8. superir 9. labur 10. grip 11. hazy 12. fetch 13. handkerchief 14. lamp 15. pace 16. randm
III. 拓展延伸词
1. appintment; appinted 2. guilty 3. weekly 4. calculatin; calculatr; calculated; calculating 5. declaratin 6. divisin 7. Explsin; explsive 8. muddy 9. urgent
IV. 重点短语英汉互译
(i)
1. test ut 2. mre like 3. n 4. prs and cns 5. be superir t 6. 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7. 与……冲突或抵触 8. 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 9. 以最高的速度 10. 出公差
(ii)
1. try ut fr 2. nthing like 3. be guilty fr/at/abut... 4. declare war n/against 5. divide sth int... 6. 催促某人做某事 7. 与……并驾齐驱；齐头并进；跟上…… 8. 落后；跟不上 9. 占去；占据；开始从事 10. 比……年长；比……地位高
V. 经典句式过关练
(i)
1. there std 2. It was at ten ’clck tday that 3. Lking arund 4. it was ridiculus that
(ii)
1. tears f guilt flwed dwn her cheeks 2. declared me t be the winner f the English Speech Cntest 3. urge that their children shuld take advantage f the pprtunity 4. After taking ver the firm frm his father
Part Tw 核心考点基础练
I. 词形变化练
1. randmly 2. explsin 3. dismissing 4. guilty; muddy 5. divisin 6. pacing 7. weekly 8. basis
II. 固定用法练
1. ff 2.at 3.with 4.like 5. that 6. and; ver 7. that 8. n
Part Three高考题型强化练
【语篇解读】本文是说明文，介绍了有关行走机器人的研究发现的内容。
1. D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“details its findings in the Feb.17，2021 issue”和第二段中的“‘This wrk represents a walking rbts’”可知，研究小组发现了行走机器人的新技术，该技术代表了行走机器人迈向全自动、无电子行走的重要一步。
2. A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“Applicatins include lw-cst rbts fr entertainment，such as tys”可知，该技术可以用于低成本的娱乐机器人，如玩具等。据此可知，该技术可以用于玩具公司的产品。
3. C。推理判断题。根据尾段前两句“In the n natural fields and uneven (障碍).”可知，研究人员希望将来改进机器人的行走方式，以使其能够在自然场地和凹凸不平的表面上行走，这会让机器人翻越障碍物。据此可以推知，未来研究人员将改进机器人以避免撞到障碍物。
4. A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第二段阐述了全文的主旨。结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了行走机器人的新技术及其应用。
【语篇解读】本文是说明文。能“感觉”痛的机器人依然离我们很远，但机器人触摸传感技术的进步使这种可能性更接近于现实。本文介绍了机器人触摸传感技术方面的新进展。
5. D。细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是“Sensrs set in sft，artificial then signal emtins”可知，该系统含有传感器和人造皮肤。
6. B。词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合语境可知，这些触摸和疼痛信号将转变为带感情的面部表情。
7. B。主旨大意题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段可知，本文主要说明，机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能“感觉”痛的机器人更接近于现实。
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者在昌德的帮助下了解了哥哥的病情很感激他，并认为昌德和医生、护士一样，是这场抗击新冠肺炎疫情战斗中的英雄。
1. A。根据空前一句可推知，我哥哥应是感染了新冠肺炎，住在病房里，结合常识可推知我当时的心情很是急切，急于了解哥哥的病情，因此选A。
2. C。参见上题解析。C项意为“健康状况”，符合语境，因此选C。
3. A。空前说这对医生来说是糟糕的一天，一些病人去世，结合空前的new可知此处意为新的病人被送到医院，因此选A。
4. C。根据语境可推知，昌德走向我并且问我他是否能提供帮助。A项意为“起身”；B项意为“出现”；C项意为“走近”。
5. D。根据语境可推知，昌德提供了帮助，因此选D。
6. D。根据下文中的“what I needed t hear”可推知，昌德告诉我在过去的10个小时中，哥哥的情况没有恶化。
7. D。因为昌德告诉我的情况恰恰是我需要了解的，所以我对他心存感激，因此选D。
8. A。根据常识可推知，我当时十分担心哥哥的情况，所以等在病房外时很是焦虑和害怕，因此选A。
9. B。根据上文中的“tld me that”和下文中的“His hpeful wrds”“such kind，calming wrds”可知选B。
10. C。根据语境可推知，后来，我经常依赖昌德和他的同事给我带来哥哥的情况，下文中的“gave me sme relief”也是提示，因此选C。
11. A。根据下文中的relief可推知，此处意为带给我支持和安慰，因此选A。
12. B。根据语境可推知，他充满善意和冷静的话语在我人生中最困难的时候意义重大，因此选B。
13. C。综合文章内容可推知，昌德提供给我的帮助十分及时，在我最困难的时候，他伸出了援助之手。因此选C。
14. B。根据语境可推知，他在那种情况下的付出给我留下了深刻的印象。
15. D。根据语境可推知，在我看来昌德和医生、护士一样，是这场抗击新冠肺炎疫情战斗中的英雄。
【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了高铁为中国经济社会发展作出的巨大贡献。
1. was launched。考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In 1876可知，此处应用一般过去时；此处表示“列车被推出”，应用被动语态；又主语the first cmmercial train为单数，故填was launched。
2. grwth。考查词性转换。urban是形容词，意为“都市的，城市的”，修饰名词，结合空后的is也可知应填grwth。
3. has resulted。考查时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的“ever since”可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时，又因主语为单数，故填has resulted。
4. It。考查代词。根据空后的is并结合语境可知，此处缺少主语，指代上句中的The netwrk，应用代词It。
5. driving。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语It为主谓关系，故用现在分词。故填driving。
6. activities。考查名词的数。activity意为“(为达到一定目的而进行的)活动”时为可数名词，此处泛指商业活动，其前无冠词，故填activities。
7. which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词places，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
8. greater。考查比较等级。根据语境可知，此处表示“有更多的机会”，故填greater。
9. significantly。考查词性转换。空处修饰谓语，需用副词。故填significantly。
10. at。考查介词。与pace搭配的介词应是at，意为“以……的速度”。故填at。