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专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期末真题）-高一英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）
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这是一份专题06 阅读理解之说明文10篇（名校最新期末真题）-高一英语下学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019），共21页。
（2022春·湖南永州·高一统考期末）Orcas, als knwn as killer whales, are sme f the mst scial and intelligent f sea animals. They cmmunicate with each ther by different calls and whistles. Scientists have fund increasing evidence that rcas have develped a cmplex culture: A series f behavirs animals learn frm ne anther.
Thrugh researches, scientists discver that rcas have unique family structures and behavirs, which are passed frm generatin t generatin. They stay in grups and the leading female rcas will teach specific behavirs t yunger animals. This cmplex culture influences deeply what and hw rcas eat, what they d fr fun, and even their chice f mates.
Brian Skerry, a phtgrapher f Natinal Gegraphic, traveled the glbe t recrd rcas’ activities. “These animals have identity, they have persnality, they have traditins, they have language, and fd preferences and singing cmpetitins. And they have empathy. They care abut each ther.” said Brian. He fund that diving with these special creatures can lead t strange and wnderful situatins. And he hpes that existing features f rcas can be an pprtunity fr us humans t begin t see urselves nt s different than the natural wrld.
Our wn culture has helped us t accmmdate t a number f evlutinary selectin pressures — frm ht deserts t the cld Arctic. And the same is true f rcas. By develping new behavirs, they have been able t ccupy a range f eclgical chain, such as penguin hunters in the Suth Ocean and fish eaters in the Pacific Ocean. Hal White, head f Dalhusie University, cncludes, “Culture may be very imprtant t rcas.” And he believes the new frm f culture brings ut all these changes.
1．What can we infer abut rcas?
A．They prefer staying alne.B．They talk with thers by gesture.
C．They learn behavirs frm thers.D．They have cmmn family structures.
2．Accrding t Brian, what chance d rcas prvide fr humans?
A．Finding that rcas are strange.B．Recrding that rcas have characters.
C．Realizing that humans are nt unique.D．Presenting that rcas care abut each ther.
3．Which wrd can best replace the underlined wrd “accmmdate” in the furth paragraph?
A．Object.B．Adapt.C．Stick.D．Cntribute
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The features f fish eaters.B．The secret culture f rcas.
C．The evlutin f female rcas.D．The traditins f marine animals.
（2023秋·内蒙古赤峰·高一统考期末）Reading peple’s minds seems t be a superpwer that nly exists in mvies. But scientists have nw made it pssible t translate peple’s brain waves!
Researchers at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc develped a new device. It can turn brain waves int wrds n a screen in frnt f the user. In the study, they tested it with a paralyzed (瘫痪) man.
“T ur knwledge, this is the first successful demnstratin f direct decding f full wrds frm the brain f smene wh is paralyzed and cannt speak.” said Edward Chang, the senir authr f the study. Each year, thusands f peple lse the ability t speak due t accidents r diseases. With up t 93 percent accuracy, the new device shws “strng prmise” t let these peple fully cmmunicate in the future.
One prblem with such mind-reading machines, hwever, is that they have t put electrdes int peple’s brains. It’s incnvenient and has health risks. But scientists frm the University f Texas, US, have taken steps t change this. They tried t translate peple’s thughts withut even tuching their heads, reprted Live Science.
The new brain scanning technique is called FMRI, r functinal magnetic resnance imaging. It’s a safer way f “reading” brain activity. Active brain cells have mre xygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.
The team asked participants t listen t 16 hurs f radi shws while scanning their brains. Then they used a cmputer algrithm (算法) t create a stry based n the FMRI recrding. It matched the radi shws pretty well.
In ther tests, the algrithm culd basically explain the stry f a silent mvie that the participants watched. It culd even retell a stry that the participants imagined in their heads. Althugh it’s nt a wrd-fr-wrd translatin, the technique prvides many pssibilities.
5．What d the wrds “strng prmise” mean?
A．The device has high accuracy.B．The device can make a prmise.
C．The device makes n mistakes.D．The device makes a paralyzed man speak.
6．Hw des FMRI “read” peple’s minds?
A．It puts electrdes int peple’s brains.
B．It tracks the xygen f brain cells.
C．It makes predictins based n peple’s habits.
D．It guesses peple’s thughts randmly.
7．What’s the advantage f FMRI cmpared t the first device mentined in the stry?
A．It’s safer.B．It’s cheaper.C．It’s smaller in size.D．It’s mre accurate.
8．Which is TRUE abut FMRI?
A．It can nly recrd what participants hear.
B．It can recrd every detail f participants minds.
C．Its recrdings can be used t retell what participants had seen and heard.
D．It is accurate because it can tell imaginatin frm fact.
（2023秋·山东滨州·高一统考期末）The CEO and funder f huse-builder Prject Etpia, Jseph Daniel, had unstable start in life. “My father was always drunk and my mther had mental disrder when I was 15. I’ve lived n the street and I need t d this,” says the 27-year-ld yung man. He left schl withut any qualificatins.
Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.
The hmes that Daniel wants t build are nt traditinal husings. They are made up f several parts and each part is made in Daniel’s wn factry in Cheshire. Traditinal huses take mnths t cmplete, while his hmes can be put tgether easily n site due t being partially pre-built in the factry. The firm’s plan in Crby, Nrthamptnshire, is a village that will cnsist f 47 hmes, the first fur f which were each built in nine days.
Huses are nt nly faster t build, but will als have smart technlgy built in and be much mre energy efficient than the average hme. With slar panels, Daniel says he can build huses that will generate mre pwer than they use, ptentially making up fr sme f the six tns f carbn emitted annually by the “typical” huse as a result f the heat and pwer required.
“I want t slw climate change thrugh husing,” he says. “It’s ur respnsibility as humans. That’s what ur prject is abut. If yu can get the ecnmics and the envirnment right, yu can make things better.”
9．What can we knw abut Daniel frm the passage?
A．He was qualified as an engineer after graduatin.
B．He was abandned by his parents when he was a child.
C．He was inspired by his wn experience t deal with husing crisis.
D．He was frced t take the task f husing prblem by his parents.
10．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．Daniel’s huses are similar t traditinal nes.B．Daniel’s huses are partially built in advance.
C．Daniel’s firm prduces the huses as a whle.D．Daniel’s firm has built 47 hmes in a village.
11．Which f the fllwing best describes Daniel’s huses?
A．Traditinal but cmfrtable.B．Expensive but cnvenient.
C．Green and advanced.D．Fashinable and mdern.
12．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．It intrduces a talented huse builder and his achievements.
B．It’s abut Daniel’s unique way f slving husing and climate prblems.
C．It tells us hw t build huses faster and make them mre affrdable.
D．It stresses the imprtance f smart technlgy in huse building.
（2023秋·江苏盐城·高一江苏省射阳中学校考期末）Beavers (河狸) are famus fr building impressive dams in streams. They have a rare ability t transfrm the landscapes they live in. This is primarily because beavers need t use their dams t hide frm predatrs (捕食者) like bears, wlves, and river tters. Beavers live in dme-shaped cnstructins within the pnds that can nly be accessed by underwater entrances. Inside, they are safe frm threats. Besides, they can als stre fd inside and keep warm in winter.
Beavers build dams up t 5 meters high, and the largest ne, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters lng. Mst dams are built frm pieces f wd, with stnes at the base and a sealing layer f mud and plants n the upstream side. The dams are thicker at the bttm with a shallw slpe n the upstream side, meaning that the weight f the water pushes dwn n the dam, keeping it in place and allwing it t hld back large vlumes f water. Their engineering wrk is s effective that beaver dams can last fr decades.
Beaver dams can prmte the creatin and develpment f stable wetland ecsystems, ne f the mst prductive ecsystems in the wrld, which serve as the hme f rare and endangered species. In additin, the dams can help water flw t the newly created pnds, thus, preventing flding in areas dwnstream f the rivers where these dams are built. They als prtect the land frm sil ersin (侵蚀, 腐蚀) and blck pllutants in the water flw dwnstream int majr water bdies.
Hwever, Ph. D．student Rbert Needham, frm the Internatinal Centre fr Echydraulics Research at Suthamptn, expressed a great deal f his cncern abut the pssibility f beaver dams blcking the upstream and dwnstream migratin (迁移) f Atlantic salmn (鲑鱼) and trut during their reprductin seasns, as well as affecting habitat (栖息地) quality. Thus, peple shuld cntrl the cnstructin f beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands.
13．What is the main reasn fr beavers t build dams?
A．Keeping warm in winter.
B．String fd fr later use.
C．Prtecting themselves frm predatrs.
D．Saving their habitats frm river flding.
14．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The living envirnment f beavers.
B．The features f beaver dams.
C．The methds f building beaver dams.
D．The intrductin t the largest beaver dam.
15．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．River pllutin pses a big danger t beavers.
B．Beaver dams have great eclgical(生态的)significance.
C．Stable wetland ecsystems are imprtant t dam cnstructin.
D．Beaver dams serve as the place f reprductin fr sme species.
16．Which f the fllwing may Rbert Needham agree with?
A．Peple may be disturbed by t many beaver dams.
B．Beaver dams make many sea animals leave their habitats.
C．Farmers culd benefit a lt frm beavers engineering wrk.
D．Beaver dams prmte an increase f sme species in the Atlantic
（2023秋·新疆昌吉·高一新疆昌吉回族自治州第二中学校考期末）Every week in China, millins f peple will sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title Character Her which is a Chinese-style spelling bee (拼写大赛) . In this challenge, yung cmpetitrs must write Chinese characters by hand. T prepare fr the cmpetitin, the cmpetitrs usually spend mnths studying dictinaries.
Perhaps the shw’s ppularity shuld nt be a surprise. Alng with gunpwder and paper, many Chinese peple cnsider the creatin f Chinese calligraphy (书法) t be ne f their primary cntributins t civilizatin. Unfrtunately , all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smart phnes and cmputers allws users t type in the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them.
But there’s still hpe fr the writing brush. China’s Ministry f Educatin wants children t spend mre time learning hw t write. In ne Beijing primary schl we visited, students practise calligraphy every day inside a specially decrated classrm with traditinal Chinese paintings hanging n the walls. They lk up at the blackbard ften t study their teacher’s examples befre carefully attempting t reprduce thse characters n thin rice paper. “If adults can survive withut using handwriting, why bther t teach it nw?” we ask the calligraphy teacher Shen Bin. “The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture.” she reasns. “Students must learn nw s they dn’t frget when they grw up,” says the teacher.
17．What can we learn abut the Chinese-style spelling bee?
A．It’s pen t peple f all ages and all walks.
B．It’s the mst-viewed TV prgramme in China.
C．It aims t spread Chinese culture t the wrld.
D．It draws great public attentin acrss the cuntry.
18．Why are Chinese peple frgetting hw t write the characters?
A．Chinese peple dn’t refer t dictinaries very ften.
B．Chinese peple n lnger use brush pens r practise calligraphy.
C．Chinese peple are using the Latin alphabet instead f the characters.
D．Chinese peple needn’t write by hand as ften with the help f technlgy.
19．Accrding t Shen Bin, being able t write characters by hand is ________ .
A．necessary fr adults t survive in China
B．a requirement made by the Ministry f Educatin
C．helpful t keep Chinese traditin and culture alive
D．an ability t be develped nly when yu are students
20．Where des this text prbably cme frm?
A．A news reprt.B．A science reprt.
C．An advertisement.D．Children’s literature
（2023秋·辽宁·高一校联考期末）Birds that migrate lng distances tend t be mre likely than thers t break up with their partners, accrding t an analysis f 232 species cnducted by Sun Yat-sen University.
Abut 90 per cent f bird species are scially mngamus (一夫一妻制的), which means nce they frm pairs, they will stay tgether fr life. Hwever, sme d end up getting “divrced” and mve nt new partners.
T identify reasns that lead t bird break ups, Liu Yang at Sun Yat-sen University in China and his clleagues studied 232 species in ne f the wrld’s largest bird databases, Birds f the Wrld. They fund that species that migrate particularly lng distances t btain fd typically have higher rates f breaking up.
Great blue herns, fr example, migrate mre than 3000 kilmetres and have a divrce rate f 100 per cent. This may be because travelling further makes it harder fr a pair t return hme at the same time, says Liu Yang. “If yu’re the ne wh gets back first, it’s risky waiting fr yur partner because yu dn’t knw if it’ll shw up — it may have died r been blwn ff curse,” Liu adds. Finding a new partner may seem a safer bet even if it requires energy t please a new mate, he says.
Liu and his team members acknwledge that it makes sense fr birds with lng migratins t have higher divrce rates, but there are exceptins.
Black-tailed gdwits, fr example, migrate mre than 1000 kilmetres frm Iceland t the UK r suthwest Eurpe each year but have relatively lw divrce rates. This seems t be due t a super ability t keep pace with their partners. Althugh members f a pair will fllw separate migratin paths and typically end up mre than 900 kilmetres away frm each ther, they are smehw able t return t Iceland at almst the same time, which reduces the risk f break-ups. “But mst birds are nt able t d that — it’s pretty amazing.” Liu cncludes.
21．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．Mst bird species have mre than ne partner fr life.
B．Few bird species are devted t their partners.
C．Mst bird species have higher rates f breaking up.
D．Mst bird species tend t have nly ne partner.
22．Why d great blue herns have a divrce rate f 100 per cent?
A．Because the bird pairs chse different migratin rutes.
B．Because they get tired f their partners.
C．Because they are impatient with waiting.
D．Because it is safer fr them t mve nt a new partner.
23．What can we learn abut black-tailed gdwits in the last paragraph?
A．They have a higher divrce rate than great blue herns.
B．The nearly same returning time reduces the risk f their divrce.
C．It is typical f them t migrate at the same speed with their partners.
D．They set a gd example f rmance fr ther birds.
24．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text? .
A．Migratin Linked t Bird DivrceB．Reasns fr Bird Migratin
C．Bird Migratin with Lng DistancesD．Birds — with High Rates f Divrce.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.
The Ryal Mint is a Gvernment-wned cmpany that makes cins fr the UK and lts f ther cuntries. Mst f its cins are made frm cheaper metals, but the Mint smetimes makes cins and medals frm precius metals like gld and silver. It als makes gld bars. Cuntries and banks like t keep gld bars because they are very valuable and their price desn’t tend t g up r dwn suddenly.
The precius metals used by the Mint are mstly mined frm the grund but nw it plans t make use f the vast amunts f electrnic waste (knwn as e-waste) that is thrwn away in the UK each year. Many electrnic devices use small quantities f precius metals such as gld and silver because they are gd cnductrs f electricity. Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.
Currently, e-waste frm the UK is sent abrad t be melted dwn t recver precius metals. The new factry will use chemical reactins t d the same jb much quicker and using far less energy. The prcess can extract 99% f the precius metals frm plastic circuit bards within a few secnds, and culd prvide the Mint with hundreds f kilgrams f gld each year.
“Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.
25．What des the underlined wrd “extract” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Obtain.B．Break.C．Limit.D．Add.
26．What’s a prblem with the ld electrnics if nt recycled?
A．Energy shrtage.B．Envirnmental pllutin.
C．A lack f wrkers.D．A waste f gld bars.
27．What des Anne Jesspp think f the new plant?
A．Cstly.B．Risky.C．Prmising.D．Demanding.
28．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Making Use f E-wasteB．Turning Junk int Gld
C．Building a New FactryD．Running a Junk Business
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）The French writer Annie Ernaux was awarded the 2022 Nbel Prize in literature. The 82-year-ld writer is the 16th French writer and the first Frenchwman t receive the literature prize. In cngratulating her, the president f France, Emmanuel Macrn said that she was the vice f the freedm f wmen.
Ernaux was brn in Lillebnne in 1940 and grew up in nearby Yvett, where her parents ran a café and grcery in a wrking-class part f twn. She studied at universities, qualified as a schl teacher, and earned a higher degree in mdern literature in 1971. In the early 1970s, Ernaux taught at a cllege, befre jining the Natinal Centre Distance Educatin, where she was emplyed fr 23 years.
Ernaux started her literary career in 1974 with Cleaned Out, an autbigraphical nvel. In 1984 she wn the Renaudt Prize fr anther f her wrks A Man’s Place, an autbigraphical narrative fcusing n her relatinship with her father and her experiences grwing up in a small twn in France. A Wman’s Stry was a finalist fr the Ls Angeles Times Bk Prize. Ernaux’s 2008 histrical memir The Years was well-received by French critics. It is the stry f a wman and f the sciety she lived in. The Years wn the 2009 Telégramme Readers Prize and the 2016 Strega Eurpean Prize. Translated by Alisn L. Strayer, The Years was nminated fr the Internatinal Bker Prize in 2019. Her ppularity increased sharply after The Years was shrtlisted fr the internatinal Bker.
“Her path t authrship was lng and difficult, and the stry is serius but the language is plain,” Anders Olssn f the Swedish Academy said n Thursday as he annunced her award. “And when she with great curage and sharpness shws the physical r mental pain f the experience f class, cmbining histric and individual experiences t see wh yu are, she has achieved smething admirable and lasting.” Anders Olssn added.
29．What des Macrn think f Annie Ernaux?
A．She has a bad memry f her childhd.B．She is the 82nd French writer ever awarded.
C．She is cncerned abut wmen’s freedm.D．She is the mst utstanding wman writer.
30．Which bk makes Ernaux ppular in the wrld?
A．Cleaned Out.B．The Years.C．A Wman’s Stry.D．A Man’s Place.
31．What can be inferred frm Ernaux’s bks?
A．Mst f her bks are abut French histry.B．She began her writing career at a yung age.
C．Her bk is clsely related t her strict father.D．She wrte the bk based n her wn experiences.
32．What can we learn frm Ernaux’s stry?
A．Hld yur hrses.B．Hang n t yur dreams.
C．Success desn’t happen vernight.D．Quitters never win and winners never quit.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）Whether it’s a tricky math prblem r unexpected bill, daily life is full f stressful experiences. N matter what happens, we knw that spending time with dgs can help yu feel better. While previus studies have suggested dgs might detect human’s emtins, pssibly thrugh smell, but nw scientists have discvered that ur furry friends understand human’s emtins much better than we realized. Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.
The study tk place at Queen’s University in Belfast. Fur wners vlunteered their dgs t take part—Tre, Fingal, St and Winnie—and 36 humans vlunteered t. The peple were asked t d a very difficult math test and if they became stressed (this was measured by checking their bld pressure and heart rate) then samples f their sweat and breath were taken. First, the dgs were trained t pick ut a stressed persn’s sample. Then they were given three samples t sniff—ne was blank, ne was a calm persn’s smell and ne was a stressed persn’s smell. Out f 720 trials, the dgs picked the stressed smell 675 times, and were given a treat. This shwed that, t a dg, stressed peple and calm peple smell cmpletely different.
Researcher Clara Wilsn tld The Guardian Newspaper, “It was pretty amazing t see them s cnfident in telling me these tw things definitely smell different.” The study culd help t teach therapy dgs, which are trained t give peple emtinal supprt. Hwever, the team say while it was unclear what chemicals the dgs picked up n, the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse.
33．What d the researchers find?
A．Dgs wuld like t be vlunteers.B．Dgs can smell ut peple’s stress.
C．Peple’s stress is measured by math.D．Stress makes peple scially relaxed.
34．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A．The reasn f the stress.B．The functin f the math.
C．The number f the vlunteers.D．The prcess f the experiment.
35．What d the underlined wrds “picked up n” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Held n t.B．Made up fr.
C．Kept pace with.D．Became aware f.
36．What is the text?
A．A research article.B．A diary entry.C．A news reprt.D．A dg’s stry.
（2023秋·吉林·高一统考期末）American English and British English are similar in many ways. Fr example, mst spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) f Chris Evans, the star f Captain America, and Rwan Atkinsn, wh played Mr Bean, as an example f hw far the tw languages differ in mdern times. But have yu ever wndered hw this change happened?
Fr that, we have t lk at hw bth dialects began. Accrding t the BBC, British English dates back t 449 AD, when the Saxns and the Angles — tribes (部落) frm mdern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.
As Celtic slwly faded, an early frm f British English appeared with influences frm French and Latin. It later became standard all ver the UK fllwing the first cmplete Mdern English translatin f the Bible (圣经) in 1535 and the appearance f writers like William Shakespeare. This went n t frm British English as we knw tday.
Hwever, in the USA, Britns’ language, ther Eurpean languages, and Native American wrds all frmed the basis f US English. New wrds als appeared. But they sn turned int a tl during the independence mvement. In 1789, Nah Webster, a dictinary writer wrte, “As an independent natin, ur hnr requires us t have a system f ur wn, in language as well as gvernment.”
After the independence mvement, US English kept changing based n neighbring cultures. This can still be seen thrugh state names such as Delaware and Illinis, which were frm Native American language, and Clrad and Nevada, which were influenced by Spanish in the 1800s.
These days, Britns and Americans still argue ver terminlgy (术语) and spellings. But their differences frm a key part f each natin’s histrical culture. Indeed, it shws the truth behind the sentence, “Britain and America are tw natins divided by a cmmn language.”
37．Why des the writer mentin Chris Evans and Rwan Atkinsn in Paragraph 1?
A．T tell us bth f them are wrld-famus actrs.
B．T shw there are differences between the tw English.
C．T infrm us which kind f English each f them speaks.
D．T cmpare which English is used mre widely nw.
38．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Put dwn.B．Gt ppular.
C．Died ut.D．Made changes.
39．What d we knw abut US English?
A．It was based n several languages.
B．All its wrds came frm ther languages.
C．It led t the US independence mvement.
D．Neighbring cuntries didn’t influence it.
40．Which is the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．Discvering the Influence f English Languages
B．Arguing Over the Spellings f English Languages
C．Explring the Develpment f English Languages
D．Guessing at the Future f English Languages
1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现越来越多的证据表明，虎鲸已经发展出了一种复杂的文化：动物相互学习的一系列行为。文章还说明了虎鲸的文化以及带给人们的启示。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists have fund increasing evidence that rcas have develped a cmplex culture: A series f behavirs animals learn frm ne anther.(科学家们发现越来越多的证据表明，虎鲸已经发展出了一种复杂的文化：动物相互学习的一系列行为)”可推知，虎鲸从别人那里学习行为。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“And he hpes that existing features f rcas can be an pprtunity fr us humans t begin t see urselves nt s different than the natural wrld.(他希望虎鲸的现有特征可以成为一个机会，让我们人类开始看到自己与自然界没有太大的不同)”可知，虎鲸为人类提供的机会是意识到人类并不是独一无二的。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“t a number f evlutinary selectin pressures — frm ht deserts t the cld Arctic”可知，后文提到了从炎热的沙漠到寒冷的北极，说明我们自己的文化帮助我们适应了许多进化选择的压力。故画线词意思是“适应”。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thrugh researches, scientists discver that rcas have unique family structures and behavirs, which are passed frm generatin t generatin. They stay in grups and the leading female rcas will teach specific behavirs t yunger animals. This cmplex culture influences deeply what and hw rcas eat, what they d fr fun, and even their chice f mates.(通过研究，科学家们发现虎鲸有独特的家族结构和行为，并代代相传。它们成群结队，领头的雌性虎鲸会教年幼的逆戟鲸特定的行为。这种复杂的文化深深影响着虎鲸的饮食、娱乐方式，甚至它们对配偶的选择)”结合文章还说明了虎鲸的文化以及带给人们的启示。可知，故B选项“虎鲸的秘密文化”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们现在已经使翻译人们的脑电波成为可能。FMRI装置具有极高的精确度，通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想，甚至可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“With up t 93 percent accuracy (新设备的准确率高达93%)”可知，此处的“strng prmise”表示的意思是“精确度高”。由此可知，“strng prmise”的意思是该装置具有高精度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Active brain cells have mre xygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.(活跃的脑细胞有更多的氧气。通过追踪这一点，科学家可以转换大脑活动)”可知，FMRI通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据三段中的“One prblem with such mind-reading machines, hwever, is that they have t put electrdes int peple’s brains. It’s incnvenient and has health risks (然而，这种读心机的一个问题是，它们必须将电极插入人的大脑。这既不方便又有健康风险)”以及“They tried t translate peple’s thughts withut even tuching their heads, reprted Live Science. (据《现场科学》报道，他们试图翻译人们的想法，甚至不用触摸他们的头)”可推知，与故事中提到的第一种设备相比，FMRI的优势是更安全。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It culd even retell a stry that the participants imagined in their heads.(它甚至可以复述参与者在脑海中想象的故事)”可知，FMRI的录音可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了房屋建造商Prject Etpia的首席执行官兼创始人Jseph Daniel建造了高科技生态住宅，介绍了背后的原因以及这种住宅的特点和优势。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.(他本人所经历的困难，不仅没有被视为缺点，反而促使他接受挑战，通过建造普通民众不仅负担得起，而且真正愿意居住的高科技生态住宅，解决英国住房危机和应对气候变化的问题)”可知，Daniel受到自己处理住房危机的经历的启发。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“They are made up f several parts and each part is made in Daniel’s wn factry in Cheshire. Traditinal huses take mnths t cmplete, while his hmes can be put tgether easily n site due t being partially pre-built in the factry.(它们由几个部分组成，每个部分都是在丹尼尔在柴郡自己的工厂里制造的。传统的房子需要几个月才能完成，而他的房子可以很容易地在现场组装起来，因为部分是在工厂里预先建造的)”可推知，Daniel的房子部分是提前建造的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Huses are nt nly faster t build, but will als have smart technlgy built in and be much mre energy efficient than the average hme. With slar panels, Daniel says he can build huses that will generate mre pwer than they use, ptentially making up fr sme f the six tns f carbn emitted annually by the “typical” huse as a result f the heat and pwer required.(房屋不仅建造速度更快，而且还内置了智能技术，比普通家庭节能得多。Daniel说，有了太阳能电池板，他可以建造产生比使用更多电力的房屋，有可能弥补“典型”房屋每年因所需的热量和电力而排放的6吨碳中的一部分)”可推知，Daniel的房子环保且先进。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.(他本人所经历的困难，不仅没有被视为缺点，反而促使他接受挑战，通过建造普通民众不仅负担得起，而且真正愿意居住的高科技生态住宅，解决英国住房危机和应对气候变化的问题)”以及最后一段““I want t slw climate change thrugh husing,” he says. “It’s ur respnsibility as humans. That’s what ur prject is abut. If yu can get the ecnmics and the envirnment right, yu can make things better.”(“我想通过住房来减缓气候变化，”他说。“这是我们作为人类的责任。这就是我们项目的内容。如果你能让经济和环境变得正确，你就能让事情变得更好。”)”结合主要说明了房屋建造商Prject Etpia的首席执行官兼创始人Jseph Daniel建造了高科技生态住宅，介绍了背后的原因以及这种住宅的特点和优势。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是关于Daniel解决住房和气候问题的独特方式。故选B。
13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸筑坝虽然有利于生态系统的构建和发展，但同时影响了其他物种的迁移以及人们的生活。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is primarily because beavers need t use their dams t hide frm predatrs (捕食者)like bears, wlves, and river tters. (这主要是因为海狸需要利用它们的水坝来躲避熊、狼和河獭等捕食者。)”可知，海狸筑坝的原因是为了利用它们躲避捕食者。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Beavers build dams up t 5 meters high, and the largest ne, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters lng. Mst dams are built frm pieces f wd, with stnes at the base and a sealing layer f mud and plants n the upstream side. (海狸建造的水坝高达5米，最大的水坝位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省，有850米长。大多数水坝都是用木块建造的，底部有石头，上游有一层泥土和植物作为密封层。)”可知，本段主要介绍海狸建造的水坝的基本特征如坝高，坝长以及建造材料等等。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beaver dams can prmte the creatin and develpment f stable wetland ecsystems (海狸水坝可以促进稳定湿地生态系统的创建和发展。)”可知，本段主要论述的是海狸建造的水坝是有利于生态系统的创建和发展的即具有重要的生态意义。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thus, peple shuld cntrl the cnstructin f beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands. (因此，人们应该控制海狸水坝的建设，特别是在人类居住的地区，靠近农田和牧场。)”可知，海狸筑建的水坝影响了人类的生活，故需要控制海狸的水坝建设。故选A。
17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过介绍一个汉字拼写大赛的相关情况谈到了汉字拼写的现状，再提及文化传承的希望。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Every week in China , millins f peple will sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title Character Her which is a Chinese-style spelling bee (拼写大赛) . (在中国每周有数百万的人坐在电视前观看青少年争夺“汉字英雄”的称号，这是一种中国式拼写大赛)”可知， Chinese-style spelling bee引起了全国公众的极大关注。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfrtunately, all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smart phnes and cmputers allws users t type in the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them.(不幸的是，在全国各地，中国人正在忘记如何在没有计算机帮助下书写自己的语言。智能手机和电脑上的软件让用户打出基本的拉丁字母的拼写。正确的汉字就出现在列表中供用户选择。结果？很可能是只认识汉字而不会书写汉字了)”可知，中国人正在忘记如何写汉字是因为在科技的帮助下，人们不需要经常用手书写。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Shen Bin说的话“The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture.(书写汉字的能力是中国传统文化的一部分)”以及“Students must learn nw s they dn't frget when they grw up.(学生现在必须学会，否则长大了就会忘记)”可知，根据Shen Bin老师的说法，要求学生写字有助于保持中国传统和文化的活力。故选C。
20．推理判断题。本文由汉字拼写大赛的情况，谈到中国汉字拼写的现状，再提及文化传承的希望，由此可推断本文来自一篇新闻报道。故选A。
21．D 22．D 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明：长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手，研究人员研究了其原因。
21．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Abut 90 per cent f bird species are scially mngamus (一夫一妻制的), which means nce they frm pairs, they will stay tgether fr life. (大约90%的鸟类在社会上是一夫一妻制，这意味着一旦它们结成一对，它们就会终生呆在一起)”可知，大多数鸟类往往只有一个配偶。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Finding a new partner may seem a safer bet even if it requires energy t please a new mate, he says. (他说，寻找新伴侣似乎是一个更安全的选择，即使这需要精力来取悦新伴侣)”可知，大蓝鹭的离婚率是100%，是因为换一个新的伴侣对他们来说更安全。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Black-tailed gdwits, fr example, migrate mre than 1000 kilmetres frm Iceland t the UK r suthwest Eurpe each year but have relatively lw divrce rates. This seems t be due t a super ability t keep pace with their partners. Althugh members f a pair will fllw separate migratin paths and typically end up mre than 900 kilmetres away frm each ther, they are smehw able t return t Iceland at almst the same time, which reduces the risk f break-ups. (例如，黑尾滕鹬每年从冰岛迁徙1000多公里到英国或西南欧，但离婚率相对较低。这似乎是由于它们有超强的能力与伴侣保持同步。尽管一对成员会走不同的迁徙路线，最终通常相距900多公里，但它们几乎可以同时返回冰岛，这降低了分手的风险)”可知，黑尾滕鹬几乎相同的返回时间降低了它们离婚的风险。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。由第一段“Birds that migrate lng distances tend t be mre likely than thers t break up with their partners, accrding t an analysis f 232 species cnducted by Sun Yat-sen University. (中山大学对232种鸟类进行的分析显示，长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手)”和下文分析长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因可知，文章一项研究表明：长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手，研究人员分析了长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因，A项“迁徙与鸟类离婚率相关”符合文意。故选A项。
25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国建造新工厂来处理电子垃圾，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。
25．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t”以及后文“precius metals fr cins and gld bars”可知，英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。故画线词意思“获得”。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.(然而，据估计，全球只有20%的旧电子产品被回收。这不仅仅是一种浪费；这可能很危险，因为当电子垃圾被埋在垃圾场时，金属和化学物质会泄漏出来，污染环境)”可知，旧电子产品如果不回收利用会造成环境污染问题。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.(造币厂首席执行官安妮·杰索普说：“我们的新工厂将使皇家造币厂成为可持续采购贵金属的领导者。”)”可推知，Anne Jesspp认为新工厂是有前途的。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.(英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以提取用于铸币和金条的贵金属。该工厂将是世界上第一家此类工厂)”结合介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。可知，B选项“变废为宝”最符合文章标题。故选B。
29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Annie Ernaux被授予2022年诺贝尔文学奖，介绍了其个人经历以及做平。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“In cngratulating her, the president f France, Emmanuel Macrn said that she was the vice f the freedm f wmen.(法国总统埃Emmanuel Macrn在祝贺她时表示，她是女性自由的声音)”可知，Macrn认为Annie Ernaux 关心妇女的自由。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Years wn the 2009 Telégramme Readers Prize and the 2016 Strega Eurpean Prize. Translated by Alisn L. Strayer, The Years was nminated fr the Internatinal Bker Prize in 2019. Her ppularity increased sharply after The Years was shrtlisted fr the internatinal Bker.(《岁月》获得了2009年Telégramme读者奖和2016年斯特雷加欧洲奖。《岁月》由Alisn L. Strayer翻译，于2019年获得国际布克奖提名。《岁月》入围国际布克奖后，她的人气急剧上升)”可知，The Years让Ernaux风靡全球。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 1984 she wn the Renaudt Prize fr anther f her wrks A Man’s Place, an autbigraphical narrative fcusing n her relatinship with her father and her experiences grwing up in a small twn in France.(1984年，她的另一部作品《男人的地方》获得雷诺多奖，这是一部自传体小说，讲述了她与父亲的关系，以及她在法国一个小镇长大的经历)”可推知，Ernaux根据自己的经历写了本书。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Her path t authrship was lng and difficult, and the stry is serius but the language is plain,” Anders Olssn f the Swedish Academy said n Thursday as he annunced her award. “And when she with great curage and sharpness shws the physical r mental pain f the experience f class, cmbining histric and individual experiences t see wh yu are, she has achieved smething admirable and lasting.” Anders Olssn added.(“她成为作家的道路漫长而艰难，故事很严肃，但语言朴实，”瑞典文学院的Anders Olssn周四宣布她获奖时说。“当她以极大的勇气和敏锐展现阶级经历中身体或精神上的痛苦，结合历史和个人经历来看看你是谁时，她已经取得了令人钦佩和持久的成就。”Anders Olssn补充道)”可推知，厄诺的故事告诉我们成功不是一蹴而就的。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现人们有压力的时候，狗可以嗅出。这项研究可以帮助指导治疗犬，使它们被训练，来给予人们情感支持。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.(通过一系列的实验，研究人员发现狗可以嗅出人们压力的时候。)”可知，研究发现狗能嗅出人们的压力。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study tk place at Queen’s University in Belfast. Fur wners vlunteered their dgs t take part—Tre, Fingal, St and Winnie—and 36 humans vlunteered t. The peple were asked t d a very difficult math test and if they became stressed (this was measured by checking their bld pressure and heart rate) then samples f their sweat and breath were taken. First, the dgs were trained t pick ut a stressed persn’s sample. Then they were given three samples t sniff—ne was blank, ne was a calm persn’s smell and ne was a stressed persn’s smell. Out f 720 trials, the dgs picked the stressed smell 675 times, and were given a treat. This shwed that, t a dg, stressed peple and calm peple smell cmpletely different.(这项研究是在贝尔法斯特的女王大学进行的。四名主人自愿让他们的狗参加——Tre, Fingal, St和Winnie，还有36名人类也自愿。这些人被要求做一个非常困难的数学测试，如果他们感到压力(这是通过测量他们的血压和心率来测量的)，那么就会采集他们的汗水和呼吸样本。首先，训练狗挑选一个有压力的人的样本。然后让他们闻三种气味——一种是空白的，一种是平静的人的气味，一种是压力大的人的气味。在720次试验中，这些狗挑选了675次压力气味，并得到了奖励。这表明，对于狗来说，压力大的人和平静的人闻起来完全不同。)”可知，本段介绍了试验的过程。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前“what chemicals the dgs”后“ the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse(这项研究明确表明，当人类有压力反应时，会产生不同的气味。)” 可知，此处表示，不管狗嗅到（觉察到）什么化学物质，人类在有压力时会产生不同气味。故选D项。
36．推理判断题题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.(通过一系列的实验，研究人员发现狗可以嗅出人们压力的时候。)”和最后一段最后一句“ Hwever, the team say while it was unclear what chemicals the dgs picked up n, the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse.(然而，研究小组表示，虽然还不清楚狗狗们会嗅到什么化学物质，但这项研究明确表明，人类在应激反应时产生的气味是不同的。)”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，是一篇研究文章。故选A项。
37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式英语与美式英语的形成及发展历史，并指出两者之间的关系：英国和美国是两个被同一种语言分裂的国家。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) f Chris Evans, the star f Captain America, and Rwan Atkinsn, wh played Mr Bean, as an example f hw far the tw languages differ in mdern times.(然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同。以美国队长的主演克里斯·埃文斯和憨豆先生的扮演者罗文·阿特金森的口音为例，说明了这两种语言在现代的差异有多大)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了克里斯·埃文斯和罗温·阿特金森，是为了表明英式英语和美式英语是有差异的。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Accrding t the BBC, British English dates back t 449 AD, when the Saxns and the Angles — tribes (部落) frm mdern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.(据BBC报道，英式英语可以追溯到公元449年，当时来自今天德国和丹麦的撒克逊人和盎格鲁人进入英国，取代了古老的凯尔特语)”以及划线句子中的后半部分“an early frm f British English appeared with influences frm French and Latin.(在法语和拉丁语的影响下，早期形式的英式英语出现了，受到法语和拉丁语的影响)”可知，凯尔特语慢慢消失了。由此可知，划线词faded与died ut(灭亡、逐渐消失)意思接近。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hwever, in the USA, Britns’ language, ther Eurpean languages, and Native American wrds all frmed the basis f US English.(然而，在美国，英国人的语言、其他欧洲语言和美洲原住民的词汇都构成了美式英语的基础)”可知，多种语言构成了美式英语的基础。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“American English and British English are similar in many ways. Fr example, mst spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech.(美式英语和英式英语在许多方面相似。例如，大多数拼写和语法规则在很大程度上是相同的。然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同)”及下文可知，本文以时间为线索，探索了英式英语和美式英语形成及发展的历史，从而产生了两者之间的差异。由此可知，Explring the Develpment f English Languages(探究英语语言的发展)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
（2022春·湖南永州·高一统考期末）Orcas, als knwn as killer whales, are sme f the mst scial and intelligent f sea animals. They cmmunicate with each ther by different calls and whistles. Scientists have fund increasing evidence that rcas have develped a cmplex culture: A series f behavirs animals learn frm ne anther.
Thrugh researches, scientists discver that rcas have unique family structures and behavirs, which are passed frm generatin t generatin. They stay in grups and the leading female rcas will teach specific behavirs t yunger animals. This cmplex culture influences deeply what and hw rcas eat, what they d fr fun, and even their chice f mates.
Brian Skerry, a phtgrapher f Natinal Gegraphic, traveled the glbe t recrd rcas’ activities. “These animals have identity, they have persnality, they have traditins, they have language, and fd preferences and singing cmpetitins. And they have empathy. They care abut each ther.” said Brian. He fund that diving with these special creatures can lead t strange and wnderful situatins. And he hpes that existing features f rcas can be an pprtunity fr us humans t begin t see urselves nt s different than the natural wrld.
Our wn culture has helped us t accmmdate t a number f evlutinary selectin pressures — frm ht deserts t the cld Arctic. And the same is true f rcas. By develping new behavirs, they have been able t ccupy a range f eclgical chain, such as penguin hunters in the Suth Ocean and fish eaters in the Pacific Ocean. Hal White, head f Dalhusie University, cncludes, “Culture may be very imprtant t rcas.” And he believes the new frm f culture brings ut all these changes.
1．What can we infer abut rcas?
A．They prefer staying alne.B．They talk with thers by gesture.
C．They learn behavirs frm thers.D．They have cmmn family structures.
2．Accrding t Brian, what chance d rcas prvide fr humans?
A．Finding that rcas are strange.B．Recrding that rcas have characters.
C．Realizing that humans are nt unique.D．Presenting that rcas care abut each ther.
3．Which wrd can best replace the underlined wrd “accmmdate” in the furth paragraph?
A．Object.B．Adapt.C．Stick.D．Cntribute
4．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The features f fish eaters.B．The secret culture f rcas.
C．The evlutin f female rcas.D．The traditins f marine animals.
（2023秋·内蒙古赤峰·高一统考期末）Reading peple’s minds seems t be a superpwer that nly exists in mvies. But scientists have nw made it pssible t translate peple’s brain waves!
Researchers at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc develped a new device. It can turn brain waves int wrds n a screen in frnt f the user. In the study, they tested it with a paralyzed (瘫痪) man.
“T ur knwledge, this is the first successful demnstratin f direct decding f full wrds frm the brain f smene wh is paralyzed and cannt speak.” said Edward Chang, the senir authr f the study. Each year, thusands f peple lse the ability t speak due t accidents r diseases. With up t 93 percent accuracy, the new device shws “strng prmise” t let these peple fully cmmunicate in the future.
One prblem with such mind-reading machines, hwever, is that they have t put electrdes int peple’s brains. It’s incnvenient and has health risks. But scientists frm the University f Texas, US, have taken steps t change this. They tried t translate peple’s thughts withut even tuching their heads, reprted Live Science.
The new brain scanning technique is called FMRI, r functinal magnetic resnance imaging. It’s a safer way f “reading” brain activity. Active brain cells have mre xygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.
The team asked participants t listen t 16 hurs f radi shws while scanning their brains. Then they used a cmputer algrithm (算法) t create a stry based n the FMRI recrding. It matched the radi shws pretty well.
In ther tests, the algrithm culd basically explain the stry f a silent mvie that the participants watched. It culd even retell a stry that the participants imagined in their heads. Althugh it’s nt a wrd-fr-wrd translatin, the technique prvides many pssibilities.
5．What d the wrds “strng prmise” mean?
A．The device has high accuracy.B．The device can make a prmise.
C．The device makes n mistakes.D．The device makes a paralyzed man speak.
6．Hw des FMRI “read” peple’s minds?
A．It puts electrdes int peple’s brains.
B．It tracks the xygen f brain cells.
C．It makes predictins based n peple’s habits.
D．It guesses peple’s thughts randmly.
7．What’s the advantage f FMRI cmpared t the first device mentined in the stry?
A．It’s safer.B．It’s cheaper.C．It’s smaller in size.D．It’s mre accurate.
8．Which is TRUE abut FMRI?
A．It can nly recrd what participants hear.
B．It can recrd every detail f participants minds.
C．Its recrdings can be used t retell what participants had seen and heard.
D．It is accurate because it can tell imaginatin frm fact.
（2023秋·山东滨州·高一统考期末）The CEO and funder f huse-builder Prject Etpia, Jseph Daniel, had unstable start in life. “My father was always drunk and my mther had mental disrder when I was 15. I’ve lived n the street and I need t d this,” says the 27-year-ld yung man. He left schl withut any qualificatins.
Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.
The hmes that Daniel wants t build are nt traditinal husings. They are made up f several parts and each part is made in Daniel’s wn factry in Cheshire. Traditinal huses take mnths t cmplete, while his hmes can be put tgether easily n site due t being partially pre-built in the factry. The firm’s plan in Crby, Nrthamptnshire, is a village that will cnsist f 47 hmes, the first fur f which were each built in nine days.
Huses are nt nly faster t build, but will als have smart technlgy built in and be much mre energy efficient than the average hme. With slar panels, Daniel says he can build huses that will generate mre pwer than they use, ptentially making up fr sme f the six tns f carbn emitted annually by the “typical” huse as a result f the heat and pwer required.
“I want t slw climate change thrugh husing,” he says. “It’s ur respnsibility as humans. That’s what ur prject is abut. If yu can get the ecnmics and the envirnment right, yu can make things better.”
9．What can we knw abut Daniel frm the passage?
A．He was qualified as an engineer after graduatin.
B．He was abandned by his parents when he was a child.
C．He was inspired by his wn experience t deal with husing crisis.
D．He was frced t take the task f husing prblem by his parents.
10．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．Daniel’s huses are similar t traditinal nes.B．Daniel’s huses are partially built in advance.
C．Daniel’s firm prduces the huses as a whle.D．Daniel’s firm has built 47 hmes in a village.
11．Which f the fllwing best describes Daniel’s huses?
A．Traditinal but cmfrtable.B．Expensive but cnvenient.
C．Green and advanced.D．Fashinable and mdern.
12．What’s the passage mainly abut?
A．It intrduces a talented huse builder and his achievements.
B．It’s abut Daniel’s unique way f slving husing and climate prblems.
C．It tells us hw t build huses faster and make them mre affrdable.
D．It stresses the imprtance f smart technlgy in huse building.
（2023秋·江苏盐城·高一江苏省射阳中学校考期末）Beavers (河狸) are famus fr building impressive dams in streams. They have a rare ability t transfrm the landscapes they live in. This is primarily because beavers need t use their dams t hide frm predatrs (捕食者) like bears, wlves, and river tters. Beavers live in dme-shaped cnstructins within the pnds that can nly be accessed by underwater entrances. Inside, they are safe frm threats. Besides, they can als stre fd inside and keep warm in winter.
Beavers build dams up t 5 meters high, and the largest ne, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters lng. Mst dams are built frm pieces f wd, with stnes at the base and a sealing layer f mud and plants n the upstream side. The dams are thicker at the bttm with a shallw slpe n the upstream side, meaning that the weight f the water pushes dwn n the dam, keeping it in place and allwing it t hld back large vlumes f water. Their engineering wrk is s effective that beaver dams can last fr decades.
Beaver dams can prmte the creatin and develpment f stable wetland ecsystems, ne f the mst prductive ecsystems in the wrld, which serve as the hme f rare and endangered species. In additin, the dams can help water flw t the newly created pnds, thus, preventing flding in areas dwnstream f the rivers where these dams are built. They als prtect the land frm sil ersin (侵蚀, 腐蚀) and blck pllutants in the water flw dwnstream int majr water bdies.
Hwever, Ph. D．student Rbert Needham, frm the Internatinal Centre fr Echydraulics Research at Suthamptn, expressed a great deal f his cncern abut the pssibility f beaver dams blcking the upstream and dwnstream migratin (迁移) f Atlantic salmn (鲑鱼) and trut during their reprductin seasns, as well as affecting habitat (栖息地) quality. Thus, peple shuld cntrl the cnstructin f beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands.
13．What is the main reasn fr beavers t build dams?
A．Keeping warm in winter.
B．String fd fr later use.
C．Prtecting themselves frm predatrs.
D．Saving their habitats frm river flding.
14．What des paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The living envirnment f beavers.
B．The features f beaver dams.
C．The methds f building beaver dams.
D．The intrductin t the largest beaver dam.
15．What can we infer frm paragraph 3?
A．River pllutin pses a big danger t beavers.
B．Beaver dams have great eclgical(生态的)significance.
C．Stable wetland ecsystems are imprtant t dam cnstructin.
D．Beaver dams serve as the place f reprductin fr sme species.
16．Which f the fllwing may Rbert Needham agree with?
A．Peple may be disturbed by t many beaver dams.
B．Beaver dams make many sea animals leave their habitats.
C．Farmers culd benefit a lt frm beavers engineering wrk.
D．Beaver dams prmte an increase f sme species in the Atlantic
（2023秋·新疆昌吉·高一新疆昌吉回族自治州第二中学校考期末）Every week in China, millins f peple will sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title Character Her which is a Chinese-style spelling bee (拼写大赛) . In this challenge, yung cmpetitrs must write Chinese characters by hand. T prepare fr the cmpetitin, the cmpetitrs usually spend mnths studying dictinaries.
Perhaps the shw’s ppularity shuld nt be a surprise. Alng with gunpwder and paper, many Chinese peple cnsider the creatin f Chinese calligraphy (书法) t be ne f their primary cntributins t civilizatin. Unfrtunately , all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smart phnes and cmputers allws users t type in the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them.
But there’s still hpe fr the writing brush. China’s Ministry f Educatin wants children t spend mre time learning hw t write. In ne Beijing primary schl we visited, students practise calligraphy every day inside a specially decrated classrm with traditinal Chinese paintings hanging n the walls. They lk up at the blackbard ften t study their teacher’s examples befre carefully attempting t reprduce thse characters n thin rice paper. “If adults can survive withut using handwriting, why bther t teach it nw?” we ask the calligraphy teacher Shen Bin. “The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture.” she reasns. “Students must learn nw s they dn’t frget when they grw up,” says the teacher.
17．What can we learn abut the Chinese-style spelling bee?
A．It’s pen t peple f all ages and all walks.
B．It’s the mst-viewed TV prgramme in China.
C．It aims t spread Chinese culture t the wrld.
D．It draws great public attentin acrss the cuntry.
18．Why are Chinese peple frgetting hw t write the characters?
A．Chinese peple dn’t refer t dictinaries very ften.
B．Chinese peple n lnger use brush pens r practise calligraphy.
C．Chinese peple are using the Latin alphabet instead f the characters.
D．Chinese peple needn’t write by hand as ften with the help f technlgy.
19．Accrding t Shen Bin, being able t write characters by hand is ________ .
A．necessary fr adults t survive in China
B．a requirement made by the Ministry f Educatin
C．helpful t keep Chinese traditin and culture alive
D．an ability t be develped nly when yu are students
20．Where des this text prbably cme frm?
A．A news reprt.B．A science reprt.
C．An advertisement.D．Children’s literature
（2023秋·辽宁·高一校联考期末）Birds that migrate lng distances tend t be mre likely than thers t break up with their partners, accrding t an analysis f 232 species cnducted by Sun Yat-sen University.
Abut 90 per cent f bird species are scially mngamus (一夫一妻制的), which means nce they frm pairs, they will stay tgether fr life. Hwever, sme d end up getting “divrced” and mve nt new partners.
T identify reasns that lead t bird break ups, Liu Yang at Sun Yat-sen University in China and his clleagues studied 232 species in ne f the wrld’s largest bird databases, Birds f the Wrld. They fund that species that migrate particularly lng distances t btain fd typically have higher rates f breaking up.
Great blue herns, fr example, migrate mre than 3000 kilmetres and have a divrce rate f 100 per cent. This may be because travelling further makes it harder fr a pair t return hme at the same time, says Liu Yang. “If yu’re the ne wh gets back first, it’s risky waiting fr yur partner because yu dn’t knw if it’ll shw up — it may have died r been blwn ff curse,” Liu adds. Finding a new partner may seem a safer bet even if it requires energy t please a new mate, he says.
Liu and his team members acknwledge that it makes sense fr birds with lng migratins t have higher divrce rates, but there are exceptins.
Black-tailed gdwits, fr example, migrate mre than 1000 kilmetres frm Iceland t the UK r suthwest Eurpe each year but have relatively lw divrce rates. This seems t be due t a super ability t keep pace with their partners. Althugh members f a pair will fllw separate migratin paths and typically end up mre than 900 kilmetres away frm each ther, they are smehw able t return t Iceland at almst the same time, which reduces the risk f break-ups. “But mst birds are nt able t d that — it’s pretty amazing.” Liu cncludes.
21．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．Mst bird species have mre than ne partner fr life.
B．Few bird species are devted t their partners.
C．Mst bird species have higher rates f breaking up.
D．Mst bird species tend t have nly ne partner.
22．Why d great blue herns have a divrce rate f 100 per cent?
A．Because the bird pairs chse different migratin rutes.
B．Because they get tired f their partners.
C．Because they are impatient with waiting.
D．Because it is safer fr them t mve nt a new partner.
23．What can we learn abut black-tailed gdwits in the last paragraph?
A．They have a higher divrce rate than great blue herns.
B．The nearly same returning time reduces the risk f their divrce.
C．It is typical f them t migrate at the same speed with their partners.
D．They set a gd example f rmance fr ther birds.
24．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text? .
A．Migratin Linked t Bird DivrceB．Reasns fr Bird Migratin
C．Bird Migratin with Lng DistancesD．Birds — with High Rates f Divrce.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.
The Ryal Mint is a Gvernment-wned cmpany that makes cins fr the UK and lts f ther cuntries. Mst f its cins are made frm cheaper metals, but the Mint smetimes makes cins and medals frm precius metals like gld and silver. It als makes gld bars. Cuntries and banks like t keep gld bars because they are very valuable and their price desn’t tend t g up r dwn suddenly.
The precius metals used by the Mint are mstly mined frm the grund but nw it plans t make use f the vast amunts f electrnic waste (knwn as e-waste) that is thrwn away in the UK each year. Many electrnic devices use small quantities f precius metals such as gld and silver because they are gd cnductrs f electricity. Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.
Currently, e-waste frm the UK is sent abrad t be melted dwn t recver precius metals. The new factry will use chemical reactins t d the same jb much quicker and using far less energy. The prcess can extract 99% f the precius metals frm plastic circuit bards within a few secnds, and culd prvide the Mint with hundreds f kilgrams f gld each year.
“Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.
25．What des the underlined wrd “extract” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Obtain.B．Break.C．Limit.D．Add.
26．What’s a prblem with the ld electrnics if nt recycled?
A．Energy shrtage.B．Envirnmental pllutin.
C．A lack f wrkers.D．A waste f gld bars.
27．What des Anne Jesspp think f the new plant?
A．Cstly.B．Risky.C．Prmising.D．Demanding.
28．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Making Use f E-wasteB．Turning Junk int Gld
C．Building a New FactryD．Running a Junk Business
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）The French writer Annie Ernaux was awarded the 2022 Nbel Prize in literature. The 82-year-ld writer is the 16th French writer and the first Frenchwman t receive the literature prize. In cngratulating her, the president f France, Emmanuel Macrn said that she was the vice f the freedm f wmen.
Ernaux was brn in Lillebnne in 1940 and grew up in nearby Yvett, where her parents ran a café and grcery in a wrking-class part f twn. She studied at universities, qualified as a schl teacher, and earned a higher degree in mdern literature in 1971. In the early 1970s, Ernaux taught at a cllege, befre jining the Natinal Centre Distance Educatin, where she was emplyed fr 23 years.
Ernaux started her literary career in 1974 with Cleaned Out, an autbigraphical nvel. In 1984 she wn the Renaudt Prize fr anther f her wrks A Man’s Place, an autbigraphical narrative fcusing n her relatinship with her father and her experiences grwing up in a small twn in France. A Wman’s Stry was a finalist fr the Ls Angeles Times Bk Prize. Ernaux’s 2008 histrical memir The Years was well-received by French critics. It is the stry f a wman and f the sciety she lived in. The Years wn the 2009 Telégramme Readers Prize and the 2016 Strega Eurpean Prize. Translated by Alisn L. Strayer, The Years was nminated fr the Internatinal Bker Prize in 2019. Her ppularity increased sharply after The Years was shrtlisted fr the internatinal Bker.
“Her path t authrship was lng and difficult, and the stry is serius but the language is plain,” Anders Olssn f the Swedish Academy said n Thursday as he annunced her award. “And when she with great curage and sharpness shws the physical r mental pain f the experience f class, cmbining histric and individual experiences t see wh yu are, she has achieved smething admirable and lasting.” Anders Olssn added.
29．What des Macrn think f Annie Ernaux?
A．She has a bad memry f her childhd.B．She is the 82nd French writer ever awarded.
C．She is cncerned abut wmen’s freedm.D．She is the mst utstanding wman writer.
30．Which bk makes Ernaux ppular in the wrld?
A．Cleaned Out.B．The Years.C．A Wman’s Stry.D．A Man’s Place.
31．What can be inferred frm Ernaux’s bks?
A．Mst f her bks are abut French histry.B．She began her writing career at a yung age.
C．Her bk is clsely related t her strict father.D．She wrte the bk based n her wn experiences.
32．What can we learn frm Ernaux’s stry?
A．Hld yur hrses.B．Hang n t yur dreams.
C．Success desn’t happen vernight.D．Quitters never win and winners never quit.
（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第一二〇中学校考期末）Whether it’s a tricky math prblem r unexpected bill, daily life is full f stressful experiences. N matter what happens, we knw that spending time with dgs can help yu feel better. While previus studies have suggested dgs might detect human’s emtins, pssibly thrugh smell, but nw scientists have discvered that ur furry friends understand human’s emtins much better than we realized. Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.
The study tk place at Queen’s University in Belfast. Fur wners vlunteered their dgs t take part—Tre, Fingal, St and Winnie—and 36 humans vlunteered t. The peple were asked t d a very difficult math test and if they became stressed (this was measured by checking their bld pressure and heart rate) then samples f their sweat and breath were taken. First, the dgs were trained t pick ut a stressed persn’s sample. Then they were given three samples t sniff—ne was blank, ne was a calm persn’s smell and ne was a stressed persn’s smell. Out f 720 trials, the dgs picked the stressed smell 675 times, and were given a treat. This shwed that, t a dg, stressed peple and calm peple smell cmpletely different.
Researcher Clara Wilsn tld The Guardian Newspaper, “It was pretty amazing t see them s cnfident in telling me these tw things definitely smell different.” The study culd help t teach therapy dgs, which are trained t give peple emtinal supprt. Hwever, the team say while it was unclear what chemicals the dgs picked up n, the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse.
33．What d the researchers find?
A．Dgs wuld like t be vlunteers.B．Dgs can smell ut peple’s stress.
C．Peple’s stress is measured by math.D．Stress makes peple scially relaxed.
34．What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us?
A．The reasn f the stress.B．The functin f the math.
C．The number f the vlunteers.D．The prcess f the experiment.
35．What d the underlined wrds “picked up n” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Held n t.B．Made up fr.
C．Kept pace with.D．Became aware f.
36．What is the text?
A．A research article.B．A diary entry.C．A news reprt.D．A dg’s stry.
（2023秋·吉林·高一统考期末）American English and British English are similar in many ways. Fr example, mst spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) f Chris Evans, the star f Captain America, and Rwan Atkinsn, wh played Mr Bean, as an example f hw far the tw languages differ in mdern times. But have yu ever wndered hw this change happened?
Fr that, we have t lk at hw bth dialects began. Accrding t the BBC, British English dates back t 449 AD, when the Saxns and the Angles — tribes (部落) frm mdern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.
As Celtic slwly faded, an early frm f British English appeared with influences frm French and Latin. It later became standard all ver the UK fllwing the first cmplete Mdern English translatin f the Bible (圣经) in 1535 and the appearance f writers like William Shakespeare. This went n t frm British English as we knw tday.
Hwever, in the USA, Britns’ language, ther Eurpean languages, and Native American wrds all frmed the basis f US English. New wrds als appeared. But they sn turned int a tl during the independence mvement. In 1789, Nah Webster, a dictinary writer wrte, “As an independent natin, ur hnr requires us t have a system f ur wn, in language as well as gvernment.”
After the independence mvement, US English kept changing based n neighbring cultures. This can still be seen thrugh state names such as Delaware and Illinis, which were frm Native American language, and Clrad and Nevada, which were influenced by Spanish in the 1800s.
These days, Britns and Americans still argue ver terminlgy (术语) and spellings. But their differences frm a key part f each natin’s histrical culture. Indeed, it shws the truth behind the sentence, “Britain and America are tw natins divided by a cmmn language.”
37．Why des the writer mentin Chris Evans and Rwan Atkinsn in Paragraph 1?
A．T tell us bth f them are wrld-famus actrs.
B．T shw there are differences between the tw English.
C．T infrm us which kind f English each f them speaks.
D．T cmpare which English is used mre widely nw.
38．What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Put dwn.B．Gt ppular.
C．Died ut.D．Made changes.
39．What d we knw abut US English?
A．It was based n several languages.
B．All its wrds came frm ther languages.
C．It led t the US independence mvement.
D．Neighbring cuntries didn’t influence it.
40．Which is the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．Discvering the Influence f English Languages
B．Arguing Over the Spellings f English Languages
C．Explring the Develpment f English Languages
D．Guessing at the Future f English Languages
1．C 2．C 3．B 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们发现越来越多的证据表明，虎鲸已经发展出了一种复杂的文化：动物相互学习的一系列行为。文章还说明了虎鲸的文化以及带给人们的启示。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists have fund increasing evidence that rcas have develped a cmplex culture: A series f behavirs animals learn frm ne anther.(科学家们发现越来越多的证据表明，虎鲸已经发展出了一种复杂的文化：动物相互学习的一系列行为)”可推知，虎鲸从别人那里学习行为。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“And he hpes that existing features f rcas can be an pprtunity fr us humans t begin t see urselves nt s different than the natural wrld.(他希望虎鲸的现有特征可以成为一个机会，让我们人类开始看到自己与自然界没有太大的不同)”可知，虎鲸为人类提供的机会是意识到人类并不是独一无二的。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“t a number f evlutinary selectin pressures — frm ht deserts t the cld Arctic”可知，后文提到了从炎热的沙漠到寒冷的北极，说明我们自己的文化帮助我们适应了许多进化选择的压力。故画线词意思是“适应”。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thrugh researches, scientists discver that rcas have unique family structures and behavirs, which are passed frm generatin t generatin. They stay in grups and the leading female rcas will teach specific behavirs t yunger animals. This cmplex culture influences deeply what and hw rcas eat, what they d fr fun, and even their chice f mates.(通过研究，科学家们发现虎鲸有独特的家族结构和行为，并代代相传。它们成群结队，领头的雌性虎鲸会教年幼的逆戟鲸特定的行为。这种复杂的文化深深影响着虎鲸的饮食、娱乐方式，甚至它们对配偶的选择)”结合文章还说明了虎鲸的文化以及带给人们的启示。可知，故B选项“虎鲸的秘密文化”最符合文章标题。故选B。
5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们现在已经使翻译人们的脑电波成为可能。FMRI装置具有极高的精确度，通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想，甚至可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。
5．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“With up t 93 percent accuracy (新设备的准确率高达93%)”可知，此处的“strng prmise”表示的意思是“精确度高”。由此可知，“strng prmise”的意思是该装置具有高精度。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Active brain cells have mre xygen. By tracking this, scientists can translate brain activity.(活跃的脑细胞有更多的氧气。通过追踪这一点，科学家可以转换大脑活动)”可知，FMRI通过追踪脑细胞的氧气“读取”人们的思想。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据三段中的“One prblem with such mind-reading machines, hwever, is that they have t put electrdes int peple’s brains. It’s incnvenient and has health risks (然而，这种读心机的一个问题是，它们必须将电极插入人的大脑。这既不方便又有健康风险)”以及“They tried t translate peple’s thughts withut even tuching their heads, reprted Live Science. (据《现场科学》报道，他们试图翻译人们的想法，甚至不用触摸他们的头)”可推知，与故事中提到的第一种设备相比，FMRI的优势是更安全。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It culd even retell a stry that the participants imagined in their heads.(它甚至可以复述参与者在脑海中想象的故事)”可知，FMRI的录音可以用来复述参与者的所见所闻。故选C。
9．C 10．B 11．C 12．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了房屋建造商Prject Etpia的首席执行官兼创始人Jseph Daniel建造了高科技生态住宅，介绍了背后的原因以及这种住宅的特点和优势。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.(他本人所经历的困难，不仅没有被视为缺点，反而促使他接受挑战，通过建造普通民众不仅负担得起，而且真正愿意居住的高科技生态住宅，解决英国住房危机和应对气候变化的问题)”可知，Daniel受到自己处理住房危机的经历的启发。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“They are made up f several parts and each part is made in Daniel’s wn factry in Cheshire. Traditinal huses take mnths t cmplete, while his hmes can be put tgether easily n site due t being partially pre-built in the factry.(它们由几个部分组成，每个部分都是在丹尼尔在柴郡自己的工厂里制造的。传统的房子需要几个月才能完成，而他的房子可以很容易地在现场组装起来，因为部分是在工厂里预先建造的)”可推知，Daniel的房子部分是提前建造的。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Huses are nt nly faster t build, but will als have smart technlgy built in and be much mre energy efficient than the average hme. With slar panels, Daniel says he can build huses that will generate mre pwer than they use, ptentially making up fr sme f the six tns f carbn emitted annually by the “typical” huse as a result f the heat and pwer required.(房屋不仅建造速度更快，而且还内置了智能技术，比普通家庭节能得多。Daniel说，有了太阳能电池板，他可以建造产生比使用更多电力的房屋，有可能弥补“典型”房屋每年因所需的热量和电力而排放的6吨碳中的一部分)”可推知，Daniel的房子环保且先进。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Far frm seeing it as a shrtcming, the hardship he himself experienced is what drives him t take n the challenge f slving the UK’s husing crisis and dealing with climate change at the same time by building high-tech ec-hmes that rdinary peple cannt nly affrd, but will als really want t live in.(他本人所经历的困难，不仅没有被视为缺点，反而促使他接受挑战，通过建造普通民众不仅负担得起，而且真正愿意居住的高科技生态住宅，解决英国住房危机和应对气候变化的问题)”以及最后一段““I want t slw climate change thrugh husing,” he says. “It’s ur respnsibility as humans. That’s what ur prject is abut. If yu can get the ecnmics and the envirnment right, yu can make things better.”(“我想通过住房来减缓气候变化，”他说。“这是我们作为人类的责任。这就是我们项目的内容。如果你能让经济和环境变得正确，你就能让事情变得更好。”)”结合主要说明了房屋建造商Prject Etpia的首席执行官兼创始人Jseph Daniel建造了高科技生态住宅，介绍了背后的原因以及这种住宅的特点和优势。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是关于Daniel解决住房和气候问题的独特方式。故选B。
13．C 14．B 15．B 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海狸筑坝虽然有利于生态系统的构建和发展，但同时影响了其他物种的迁移以及人们的生活。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This is primarily because beavers need t use their dams t hide frm predatrs (捕食者)like bears, wlves, and river tters. (这主要是因为海狸需要利用它们的水坝来躲避熊、狼和河獭等捕食者。)”可知，海狸筑坝的原因是为了利用它们躲避捕食者。故选C。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Beavers build dams up t 5 meters high, and the largest ne, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters lng. Mst dams are built frm pieces f wd, with stnes at the base and a sealing layer f mud and plants n the upstream side. (海狸建造的水坝高达5米，最大的水坝位于加拿大阿尔伯塔省，有850米长。大多数水坝都是用木块建造的，底部有石头，上游有一层泥土和植物作为密封层。)”可知，本段主要介绍海狸建造的水坝的基本特征如坝高，坝长以及建造材料等等。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Beaver dams can prmte the creatin and develpment f stable wetland ecsystems (海狸水坝可以促进稳定湿地生态系统的创建和发展。)”可知，本段主要论述的是海狸建造的水坝是有利于生态系统的创建和发展的即具有重要的生态意义。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thus, peple shuld cntrl the cnstructin f beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands. (因此，人们应该控制海狸水坝的建设，特别是在人类居住的地区，靠近农田和牧场。)”可知，海狸筑建的水坝影响了人类的生活，故需要控制海狸的水坝建设。故选A。
17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过介绍一个汉字拼写大赛的相关情况谈到了汉字拼写的现状，再提及文化传承的希望。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Every week in China , millins f peple will sit in frnt f their TVs watching teenagers cmpete fr the title Character Her which is a Chinese-style spelling bee (拼写大赛) . (在中国每周有数百万的人坐在电视前观看青少年争夺“汉字英雄”的称号，这是一种中国式拼写大赛)”可知， Chinese-style spelling bee引起了全国公众的极大关注。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfrtunately, all ver the cuntry, Chinese peple are frgetting hw t write their wn language withut cmputerized help. Sftware n smart phnes and cmputers allws users t type in the basic sund f the wrd using the Latin alphabet. The crrect character is chsen frm a list. The result? It’s pssible t recgnize characters withut remembering hw t write them.(不幸的是，在全国各地，中国人正在忘记如何在没有计算机帮助下书写自己的语言。智能手机和电脑上的软件让用户打出基本的拉丁字母的拼写。正确的汉字就出现在列表中供用户选择。结果？很可能是只认识汉字而不会书写汉字了)”可知，中国人正在忘记如何写汉字是因为在科技的帮助下，人们不需要经常用手书写。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Shen Bin说的话“The ability t write characters is part f Chinese traditin and culture.(书写汉字的能力是中国传统文化的一部分)”以及“Students must learn nw s they dn't frget when they grw up.(学生现在必须学会，否则长大了就会忘记)”可知，根据Shen Bin老师的说法，要求学生写字有助于保持中国传统和文化的活力。故选C。
20．推理判断题。本文由汉字拼写大赛的情况，谈到中国汉字拼写的现状，再提及文化传承的希望，由此可推断本文来自一篇新闻报道。故选A。
21．D 22．D 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明：长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手，研究人员研究了其原因。
21．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Abut 90 per cent f bird species are scially mngamus (一夫一妻制的), which means nce they frm pairs, they will stay tgether fr life. (大约90%的鸟类在社会上是一夫一妻制，这意味着一旦它们结成一对，它们就会终生呆在一起)”可知，大多数鸟类往往只有一个配偶。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。由第四段中的“Finding a new partner may seem a safer bet even if it requires energy t please a new mate, he says. (他说，寻找新伴侣似乎是一个更安全的选择，即使这需要精力来取悦新伴侣)”可知，大蓝鹭的离婚率是100%，是因为换一个新的伴侣对他们来说更安全。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Black-tailed gdwits, fr example, migrate mre than 1000 kilmetres frm Iceland t the UK r suthwest Eurpe each year but have relatively lw divrce rates. This seems t be due t a super ability t keep pace with their partners. Althugh members f a pair will fllw separate migratin paths and typically end up mre than 900 kilmetres away frm each ther, they are smehw able t return t Iceland at almst the same time, which reduces the risk f break-ups. (例如，黑尾滕鹬每年从冰岛迁徙1000多公里到英国或西南欧，但离婚率相对较低。这似乎是由于它们有超强的能力与伴侣保持同步。尽管一对成员会走不同的迁徙路线，最终通常相距900多公里，但它们几乎可以同时返回冰岛，这降低了分手的风险)”可知，黑尾滕鹬几乎相同的返回时间降低了它们离婚的风险。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。由第一段“Birds that migrate lng distances tend t be mre likely than thers t break up with their partners, accrding t an analysis f 232 species cnducted by Sun Yat-sen University. (中山大学对232种鸟类进行的分析显示，长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手)”和下文分析长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因可知，文章一项研究表明：长途迁徙的鸟类往往比其他鸟类更有可能与伴侣分手，研究人员分析了长途迁徙导致鸟类离婚率高的原因，A项“迁徙与鸟类离婚率相关”符合文意。故选A项。
25．A 26．B 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国建造新工厂来处理电子垃圾，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。
25．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t”以及后文“precius metals fr cins and gld bars”可知，英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以获得用于铸币和金条的贵金属。故画线词意思“获得”。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, it is estimated that just 20% f ld electrnics are recycled wrldwide. This is nt just a waste; it can be dangerus, because when e-waste is buried in rubbish dumps, metals and chemicals can leak ut and pllute the envirnment.(然而，据估计，全球只有20%的旧电子产品被回收。这不仅仅是一种浪费；这可能很危险，因为当电子垃圾被埋在垃圾场时，金属和化学物质会泄漏出来，污染环境)”可知，旧电子产品如果不回收利用会造成环境污染问题。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Our new plant will see the Ryal Mint becme a leader in sustainably surced precius metals,” said Anne Jesspp, the Mint’s CEO.(造币厂首席执行官安妮·杰索普说：“我们的新工厂将使皇家造币厂成为可持续采购贵金属的领导者。”)”可推知，Anne Jesspp认为新工厂是有前途的。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The Ryal Mint has annunced plans fr a new factry where it will prcess electrnic junk t extract precius metals fr cins and gld bars. The factry will be the first f its kind in the wrld.(英国皇家造币厂宣布了建造新工厂的计划，该工厂将对电子垃圾进行处理，以提取用于铸币和金条的贵金属。该工厂将是世界上第一家此类工厂)”结合介绍了电子垃圾的危害以及新工厂的优点。可知，B选项“变废为宝”最符合文章标题。故选B。
29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Annie Ernaux被授予2022年诺贝尔文学奖，介绍了其个人经历以及做平。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段“In cngratulating her, the president f France, Emmanuel Macrn said that she was the vice f the freedm f wmen.(法国总统埃Emmanuel Macrn在祝贺她时表示，她是女性自由的声音)”可知，Macrn认为Annie Ernaux 关心妇女的自由。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The Years wn the 2009 Telégramme Readers Prize and the 2016 Strega Eurpean Prize. Translated by Alisn L. Strayer, The Years was nminated fr the Internatinal Bker Prize in 2019. Her ppularity increased sharply after The Years was shrtlisted fr the internatinal Bker.(《岁月》获得了2009年Telégramme读者奖和2016年斯特雷加欧洲奖。《岁月》由Alisn L. Strayer翻译，于2019年获得国际布克奖提名。《岁月》入围国际布克奖后，她的人气急剧上升)”可知，The Years让Ernaux风靡全球。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 1984 she wn the Renaudt Prize fr anther f her wrks A Man’s Place, an autbigraphical narrative fcusing n her relatinship with her father and her experiences grwing up in a small twn in France.(1984年，她的另一部作品《男人的地方》获得雷诺多奖，这是一部自传体小说，讲述了她与父亲的关系，以及她在法国一个小镇长大的经历)”可推知，Ernaux根据自己的经历写了本书。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Her path t authrship was lng and difficult, and the stry is serius but the language is plain,” Anders Olssn f the Swedish Academy said n Thursday as he annunced her award. “And when she with great curage and sharpness shws the physical r mental pain f the experience f class, cmbining histric and individual experiences t see wh yu are, she has achieved smething admirable and lasting.” Anders Olssn added.(“她成为作家的道路漫长而艰难，故事很严肃，但语言朴实，”瑞典文学院的Anders Olssn周四宣布她获奖时说。“当她以极大的勇气和敏锐展现阶级经历中身体或精神上的痛苦，结合历史和个人经历来看看你是谁时，她已经取得了令人钦佩和持久的成就。”Anders Olssn补充道)”可推知，厄诺的故事告诉我们成功不是一蹴而就的。故选C。
33．B 34．D 35．D 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现人们有压力的时候，狗可以嗅出。这项研究可以帮助指导治疗犬，使它们被训练，来给予人们情感支持。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.(通过一系列的实验，研究人员发现狗可以嗅出人们压力的时候。)”可知，研究发现狗能嗅出人们的压力。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study tk place at Queen’s University in Belfast. Fur wners vlunteered their dgs t take part—Tre, Fingal, St and Winnie—and 36 humans vlunteered t. The peple were asked t d a very difficult math test and if they became stressed (this was measured by checking their bld pressure and heart rate) then samples f their sweat and breath were taken. First, the dgs were trained t pick ut a stressed persn’s sample. Then they were given three samples t sniff—ne was blank, ne was a calm persn’s smell and ne was a stressed persn’s smell. Out f 720 trials, the dgs picked the stressed smell 675 times, and were given a treat. This shwed that, t a dg, stressed peple and calm peple smell cmpletely different.(这项研究是在贝尔法斯特的女王大学进行的。四名主人自愿让他们的狗参加——Tre, Fingal, St和Winnie，还有36名人类也自愿。这些人被要求做一个非常困难的数学测试，如果他们感到压力(这是通过测量他们的血压和心率来测量的)，那么就会采集他们的汗水和呼吸样本。首先，训练狗挑选一个有压力的人的样本。然后让他们闻三种气味——一种是空白的，一种是平静的人的气味，一种是压力大的人的气味。在720次试验中，这些狗挑选了675次压力气味，并得到了奖励。这表明，对于狗来说，压力大的人和平静的人闻起来完全不同。)”可知，本段介绍了试验的过程。故选D项。
35．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前“what chemicals the dgs”后“ the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse(这项研究明确表明，当人类有压力反应时，会产生不同的气味。)” 可知，此处表示，不管狗嗅到（觉察到）什么化学物质，人类在有压力时会产生不同气味。故选D项。
36．推理判断题题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Thanks t a series f experiments, researchers fund that dgs can smell when peple are stressed.(通过一系列的实验，研究人员发现狗可以嗅出人们压力的时候。)”和最后一段最后一句“ Hwever, the team say while it was unclear what chemicals the dgs picked up n, the study definitively shws humans prduce different smell when they have a stress respnse.(然而，研究小组表示，虽然还不清楚狗狗们会嗅到什么化学物质，但这项研究明确表明，人类在应激反应时产生的气味是不同的。)”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，是一篇研究文章。故选A项。
37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式英语与美式英语的形成及发展历史，并指出两者之间的关系：英国和美国是两个被同一种语言分裂的国家。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech. Take the accents (口音) f Chris Evans, the star f Captain America, and Rwan Atkinsn, wh played Mr Bean, as an example f hw far the tw languages differ in mdern times.(然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同。以美国队长的主演克里斯·埃文斯和憨豆先生的扮演者罗文·阿特金森的口音为例，说明了这两种语言在现代的差异有多大)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了克里斯·埃文斯和罗温·阿特金森，是为了表明英式英语和美式英语是有差异的。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Accrding t the BBC, British English dates back t 449 AD, when the Saxns and the Angles — tribes (部落) frm mdern-day Germany and Denmark — entered Britain, replacing the ancient Celtic language.(据BBC报道，英式英语可以追溯到公元449年，当时来自今天德国和丹麦的撒克逊人和盎格鲁人进入英国，取代了古老的凯尔特语)”以及划线句子中的后半部分“an early frm f British English appeared with influences frm French and Latin.(在法语和拉丁语的影响下，早期形式的英式英语出现了，受到法语和拉丁语的影响)”可知，凯尔特语慢慢消失了。由此可知，划线词faded与died ut(灭亡、逐渐消失)意思接近。故选C。
39．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hwever, in the USA, Britns’ language, ther Eurpean languages, and Native American wrds all frmed the basis f US English.(然而，在美国，英国人的语言、其他欧洲语言和美洲原住民的词汇都构成了美式英语的基础)”可知，多种语言构成了美式英语的基础。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“American English and British English are similar in many ways. Fr example, mst spellings and grammar rules are largely the same. Hwever, the tw languages are truly different in speech.(美式英语和英式英语在许多方面相似。例如，大多数拼写和语法规则在很大程度上是相同的。然而，这两种语言在发音上确实不同)”及下文可知，本文以时间为线索，探索了英式英语和美式英语形成及发展的历史，从而产生了两者之间的差异。由此可知，Explring the Develpment f English Languages(探究英语语言的发展)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
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