2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升专题04阅读理解B篇试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升专题04阅读理解B篇试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含专题04阅读理解B篇解析+变式+技巧+模拟-2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练原卷版docx、专题04阅读理解B篇解析+变式+技巧+模拟-2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练Word版含解析docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共59页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意B篇位置是说明文不是传统记叙文
原题呈现

阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与自然,动物习性,动物保护,濒危动物人,与动物和谐相处
Parrts are prey animals, which means that ther predatrs (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks r snakes, are lking t make them int a meal. This ne factr influences parrts’ behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.
Parrts are mst easily hurt when feeding n the grund; membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs. The mst cmmn predatrs f parrts include hawks, snakes, cats, mnkeys, and bats. Sme predatrs make attacks nly during the day while thers hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrts are cnstantly watching ut fr danger and they instinctively (本能地) react t risks. Their first chice is t take flight. Hwever, if this is nt pssible, they will fight with their pwerful beaks t defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrts are especially reactive t quick mvements frm abve and behind. Fr this reasn, it is wise t avid quick, sudden mvements near yur bird. This is a built-in reactin nt subject t lgic r reasn. Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird. Fr example, a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in yur bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrts are ften frightened by expsure t new husehld items r strangers. It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability. Variety in diet and tys, travel, and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.
24. What is imprtant fr parrts t better survive frm attacks in the wild?
A. Living in a grup.
B. Grwing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding n the grund.
D. Aviding cming ut at night.
25. What is parrts’ first respnse t an immediate risk?
A. T attack back.B. T get away.
C. T prtect the yung.D. T play dead.
26. Why wuld a balln frighten a parrt?
A. It may explde suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strng clr.
D. It may mve arund quickly.
27. What is the authr’s purpse f writing the text?
A. T explain wild parrts' behavir.
B. T give advice n raising a parrt.
C. T call fr actin t prtect animals.
D. T intrduce a study n bird eclgy.
答案解析
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
24.细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their safety and imprving their chances f survival frm attacks by predatrs.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
25.细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrts are cnstantly watching ut fr danger and they instinctively (本能地) react t risks. Their first chice is t take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird. Fr example, a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in yur bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能形状奇怪，使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选B项。
27.推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrts are prey animals, which means that ther predatrs (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks r snakes, are lking t make them int a meal. This ne factr influences parrts’ behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird. Fr example, a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in yur bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrts are ften frightened by expsure t new husehld items r strangers. It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability. Variety in diet and tys, travel, and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
核心词汇
一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）
1. parrt n. 鹦鹉
2. prey n. 猎物
3. hawk n. 鹰
4. factrn. 因素
5. influence n. 影响
6. behavir n.行为
7. membership n. 会员身份
8. ensure vt. 确保
9. safety n. 安全
10. survival n.幸存
11. attack n.攻击
12. cnstantly ad 不断地
13. risk n.风险
14. flight n. 飞行
15. pwerfuladj.强大的
16. defend vt 保卫；辩护
17. reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
18. avid vt避免
19. reactin n. 猎物
20. lgic n. 逻辑
21. relatively ad. 相对地
22. harmless a. 无害的
23. husehld a. 家庭的
24. bject n. 物体；宾语
25. balln n. 气球
26. represent vt. 代表
27. expsure n.暴露；接触
28. item n. 项目
29. flexibilityn. 灵活性
30. adaptability n. 适应性
31. feather n. 羽毛
32. explde vt 爆炸
33. eclgy n. 生态
34. instinctively ad.本能地
35.built-in a.内置的
36.variety n. 多样性
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1.in the wild在野外
2.feed n以……为食物
3.play a functin in在…中起作用
4.watch ut fr小心提防
5.react t对……作出反应
6.take flight逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive t对…有反应
8.be subject t sth受支配；常遭受…
9.expse…t…暴露于
10.at a yung age在年轻时
11.avind ding避免做某事
12.call fr要求，需要考点变式训练
一、词类转换（酌情删减）
1. influence n. 影响→influential a. 有影响的
2. safe a.安全的→safety n. 安全
3. survive v.幸存→survival n.幸存
4. fly v.飞行→flight n. 飞行
5. pwer n.力量→pwerfuladj.强大的
6. react v. 反应 →reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
7. relative a. 相对的→relatively ad. 相对地
8. expse vt. 暴露；接触→ expsure n.暴露；接触
9. flexible a 灵活的→flexibilityn. 灵活性
10. adapt vt.适应 →adaptable a. 可适应性的→adaptability n. 适应性
11. instinctive ad本能地 →instinctively ad.本能地
12. vary v. 波动，变化→variety n. 多样性
二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）
1. parrt n. 鹦鹉
2. prey n. 猎物
3. hawk n. 鹰
4. factrn. 因素
5. influence n. 影响
6. behavir n.行为
7. membership n. 会员身份
8. ensure vt. 确保
9. safety n. 安全
10. survival n.幸存
11. attack n.攻击
12. cnstantly ad 不断地
13. risk n.风险
14. flight n. 飞行
15. pwerfuladj.强大的
16. defend vt 保卫；辩护
17. reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
18. avid vt避免
19. reactin n. 猎物
20. lgic n. 逻辑
21. relatively ad. 相对地
22. harmless a. 无害的
23. husehld a. 家庭的
24. bject n. 物体；宾语
25. balln n. 气球
26. represent vt. 代表
27. expsure n.暴露；接触
28. item n. 项目
29. flexibilityn. 灵活性
30. adaptability n. 适应性
31. feather n. 羽毛
32. explde vt 爆炸
33. eclgy n. 生态
34. instinctively ad.本能地
35.built-in a.内置的
36.variety n. 多样性
三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）
1.in the wild在野外
2.feed n以……为食物
3.play a functin in在…中起作用
4.watch ut fr小心提防
5.react t对……作出反应
6.take flight逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive t对…有反应
8.be subject t sth受支配；常遭受…
9.expse…t…暴露于
10.at a yung age在年轻时
11.avind ding避免做某事
12.call fr要求，需要四、单句填空（核心考点习题化）
1. Parrts are prey animals, __________ means that ther predatrs (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks r snakes, are lking t make __________(they) int a meal.
2. This ne factr influences __________(parrt) behavir in yur huse mre than any ther.
3. Parrts are mst easily hurt when __________(feed) n the grund.
4. Membership in a grup plays an imprtant functin in ensuring their __________(safe) and imprving their chances f __________(survive) frm attacks by predatrs.
5. The mst cmmn predatrs f parrts include hawks, snakes, cats, mnkeys, and bats. Sme predatrs make attacks nly during the day __________ thers hunt in the night.
6. As prey animals, parrts are __________(cnstant) watching ut __________ danger and they instinctively react __________ risks.
7. Their first __________(chse) is t take flight. Hwever, if this is nt pssible, they will fight with their pwerful beaks__________(defend) themselves.
8. Because their __________(big) enemy is the hawk, parrts are especially __________(react) t quick mvements frm abve and behind.
9. Fr this reasn, it is wise __________(avid) quick, sudden mvements near yur bird.
10. This is a built-in reactin nt subject __________ lgic r reasn.
11. Simple and __________(relative) harmless husehld bjects can draw extreme fear respnses frm a bird.
12. Fr example, a balln may represent a hawk r a vacuum hse may be the same __________ a snake in yur bird’s mind.
13. As prey animals, parrts are ften frightened by __________(expse) t new husehld items r strangers.
14. It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes starting at a very yung age t build __________(flexible) and imprve their __________(adaptable).
15. __________(vary) in diet and tys, travel, and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and __________(adapt) t change.
【参考答案】
1. which, them 2. parrts’3. feeding 4. safety, survival 5. while 6. cnstantly, fr, t 7. chice, t defend 8. biggest, reactive 9. t avid 10. t 11. relatively 12. as 13. expsure 14. flexibility, adaptability 15. Variety, adaptable
五、熟词新意(defend用法)
1. Hw can yu defend such behaviur?
2. Trps have been sent t defend the brders.
3. He has emplyed ne f the UK's tp lawyers t defend him.
4. She will be defending her title at next mnth's champinships.
5. (2024九省联考B篇)Hwever, if this is nt pssible, they will fight with their pwerful beaks t defend themselves.
【参考答案】
1. 辩解；辩白2. 防御；保护3. 为…辩护，当辩护律师4. 保住（头衔、席位等）5. 防御；保护
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）
1. It is imprtant t expse yur bird t safe experiences and changes [starting at a very yung age] t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability.
【翻译】从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的经历和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。
【分析】It是形式主语；后边动词不定式是真正地主语；starting at a very yung age作时间状语；t build flexibility and imprve their adaptability作目的状语。
2. Variety in diet and tys, travel, and expsure t new peple and places all help t make yur bird mre flexible and adaptable t change.
【翻译】饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化。
【分析】主语部分是三个名词，Variety, travel, expsure…；make后接形容词短语作宾语补足语。
2023年四省联考
As a yung girl grwing up in France, Sarah Tumi dreamed f becming a leader wh culd make the wrld a better place. Her passin t help thers was awakened when, frm the age f nine, she accmpanied her Tunisian father t his birthplace in the east f the cuntry during hlidays. There she rganized hmewrk clubs and activities fr children. Tumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect f desertificatin. “Within 10 years rich farmers became wrse ff, and in 10 years frm nw they will be pr. I wanted t stp the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity f drughts (干旱) have led t an estimated 75 percent f Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertificatin.
Tumi recgnized that farming practices needed t change. She is cnfident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able t adapt by planting sustainable crps, using new technlgies fr water treatment and fcusing n natural prducts and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Tumi cnslidated her dream t fight the desert. She mved t Tunisia, and set up a prgramme named Acacias fr All t put her sustainable farming philsphy int actin. “I want t shw yung peple in rural areas that they can create pprtunities where they are. Nbdy is better able t understand the impact f desertificatin and climate change than smebdy wh is living with n access t water.”
By September 2016, mre than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted n 20 pilt farms, with farmers recrding a 60 percent survival rate. Tumi estimates that sme 3 millin acacia trees are needed t prtect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects t plant 1 millin trees by 2018. In the next cuple f years, Tumi hpes t extend the prgramme t Algeria and Mrcc.
24. Hw did Tumi’s hliday trips t Tunisia influence her?
A. They made her decide t leave the cuntry.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They fired her enthusiasm fr helping thers.
D. They destryed her dream f being a teacher.
25. What is the main cause f the desertificatin f Tunisia’s farmland?
A．Lw rainfall.B. Sil pllutin.
C. Cld weather.D. Frest damage.
26. Why did Tumi set up Acacias fr All in Tunisia?
A. T create jb pprtunities fr yung peple.
B. T help the children btain a basic educatin.
C. T persuade the farmers nt t use fertilizers.
D. T facilitate the prtectin f their farmland.
27. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Saving Water in Tunisia
B. Planting Trees f Native Species
C. Hlding back the Sahara
D. Fighting Pverty in Nrth Africa
答案解析
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公图米在一次去突尼斯旅游的过程中激发了她要帮助当地人热情，由此创立了“Acacias fr All”项目，改善当地农田，实践其可持续农业的理念。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passin t help thers was awakened when, frm the age f nine, she accmpanied her Tunisian father t his birthplace in the east f the cuntry during hlidays. (9岁那年，她陪伴着身为突尼斯人的父亲，到突尼斯东部的出生地度假，这唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。)”可知，图米去突尼斯度假的经历唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。故选C。
25.细节理解题。根据第一段中“ A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity f drughts (干旱)have led t an estimated 75 percent f Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertificatin.(平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业土地受到沙漠化的威胁。)”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She mved t Tunisia, and set up a prgramme named Acacias fr All t put her sustainable farming philsphy int actin. (她搬到突尼斯，并建立了一个名为“Acacias fr All”的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。)”以及最后一段中“By September 2016, mre than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted n 20 pilt farms, with farmers recrding a 60 per cent survival rate. Tumi estimates that sme 3 millin acacia trees are needed t prtect Tunisia’s farmland.(截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民的成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金金合欢。)”可知，她创立“Acacias fr All”项目的目的是保护当地的农田。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“By September 2016, mre than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted n 20 pilt farms, with farmers recrding a 60 per cent survival rate. Tumi estimates that sme 3 millin acacia trees are needed t prtect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民的成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金合槐。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是主人公图米在9岁时，在一次陪伴爸爸去突尼斯旅游的过程中激发了她要帮助当地人热情，由此创立了“Acacias fr All”项目，改善当地农田，坚持与沙漠作斗争，实践其可持续农业的理念。C选项“Hlding back the Sahara(与撒哈拉沙漠作斗争)”符合文章标题。故选C。
解题指导
说明文解题指导
一、细读文章重点
关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
二、明确说明对象
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
三、弄清说明顺序
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、把握作者态度
说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。
五、吃透长难句子
学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
六、学会适当放弃
无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。
历年真题速递
1（2010·全国·高考真题）Alng the river banks f the Amazn and the Orinc there lives a bird that swims befre it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stmach f a cw and has claws (爪) n its wings when yung. They build their hmes abut 4.6m abve the river, an imprtant feature fr the safety f the yung. It is called the hatzin.
In appearance, the birds f bth sexes lk very much alike with brwn n the back and cream and red n the underside. The head is small, with a large set f feathers n the tp, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the cmmn birds, cucks. Its mst striking feature, thugh, is nly fund in the yung.
Baby hatzins have a claw n the leading edge f each wing and anther at the end f each wing tip. Using these fur claws, tgether with the beak (喙), they can climb abut in the bushes, lking very much like primitive（远古的) birds must have dne. When the yung hatzins have learned t fly, they lse their claws.
During the drier mnths between December and March hatzins fly abut the frest in grups f 20 t 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy seasn begins, they cllect tgether in smaller living units f tw t seven birds fr prducing purpses.
1．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Hatzins in dry and rainy seasns.
B．The relatives and enemies f hatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hatzins f the Amazn.
D．The appearance and living habits f hatzins.
2．Yung hatzins are different frm their parents in that ___________.
A．they lk like yung cucks
B．they have claws n the wings
C．they eat a lt like a cw
D．they live n river banks
3．What can we infer abut primitive birds frm the text?
A．They had claw s t help them climb.
B．They culd fly lng distances.
C．They had fur wings like hatzins.
D．They had a head with lng feathers n the tp.
4．Why d hatzins cllect tgether in smaller grups when the rainy seasn cmes?
A．T find mre fd.
B．T prtect themselves better.
C．T keep themselves w arm.
D．T prduce their yung.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活在亚马逊地区的一种鸟hatzin，它们的外貌很漂亮，幼鸟和成鸟的生活习性不同以及它们的繁殖习性。
1．主题大意题。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是hatzin麝雉，这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段has claws(爪)n its wings when yung,和第三段可知，hatzin在幼年期它们的翅膀上有爪子，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。
3．推理判断题。由Using these fur claw s, tgether with the beak (喙), they can climb abut in the bushes, lking very much like primitive （远古的) birds must have dne. 可知，用它们的四个爪子，可以帮助它们爬行，这非常像原始鸟类的做法。
4．细节理解题。由最后一段…but in April, when the rainy seasn begins, they cllect tgether in smaller living units f tw t seven birds fr prducing purpses.可知，它们这样做的目的是繁育后代。选D。
2（2021·浙江·统考高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use t cmmunicate. They say wild chimps cmmunicate 19 specific messages t ne anther with a “vcabulary” f 66 gestures. The scientists discvered this by fllwing and filming grups f chimps in Uganda, and examining mre than 5,000 incidents f these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hbaiter, wh led the research, said that this was the nly frm f intentinal cmmunicatin t be recrded in the animal kingdm. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.
“That’s what’s s amazing abut chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.”
Althugh previus research has shwn that apes and mnkeys can understand cmplex infrmatin frm anther animal’s call, the animals d nt appear t use their vices intentinally t cmmunicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hbaiter said.
Chimps will check t see if they have the attentin f the animal with which they wish t cmmunicate. In ne case, a mther presents her ft t her crying baby, signaling: “Climb n me.” The yungster immediately jumps n t its mthers back and they travel ff tgether. “The big message frm this study is that there is anther species (物种) ut there. that is meaningful in its cmmunicatin, s that’s nt unique t humans,” said Dr Hbaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappinting”.
“The vagueness f the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little t cmmunicate, r we are still missing a lt f the infrmatin cntained in their gestures and actins,” she said. “Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animal cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatin. S, it seems the gulf remains. ”
5．What d chimps and humans have in cmmn accrding t Dr Hbaiter?
A．Memrizing specific wrds.
B．Understanding cmplex infrmatin.
C．Using vices t cmmunicate.
D．Cmmunicating messages n purpse.
6．What did Dr Shultz think f the study?
A．It was well designed but prly cnducted.
B．It was a gd try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methds deserved praise.
7．What des the underlined wrd “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference.B．Cnflict.C．Balance.D．Cnnectin.
8．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviur study achieved a breakthrugh
B．Chimpanzees develped specific cmmunicatin skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdm
D．Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system f cmmunicatin where they deliberately sent a message t anther grup member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，它们故意向其他成员发送信息)”可知，根据Dr Hbaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evlutinary bilgist frm the University f Manchester, said the study was praisewrthy in seeking t enrich ur knwledge f the evlutin f human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappinting.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜•舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果有点令人失望)”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the nly thing that lks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Mrever, the meanings seem t nt g beynd what ther animals cnvey with nn-verbal cmmunicatins.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“S, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”。由此可知，划线词gulf与difference意思接近。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning f gestures that wild chimpanzees use t cmmunicate.(研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果。由此可知，D项Chimpanzee language: cmmunicatin gestures translated(黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
3（2024上·湖北十堰·高三统考期末）Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back t England is n lnger a pririty, the gvernment said n Friday t criticism frm wildlife grups.
A recent reprt shws that ne in six UK species are at risk f extinctin. In September mre than 60 cnservatin rganisatins reprted a significant decline in species due t expansins in farming and the effects f climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintrduced by charities as part f effrts t restre the cuntry’s reduced bidiversity.
Despite the gvernment allwing this, the Envirnment, Fd and Rural Affairs Cmmittee cncluded in July that there was an absence f lng-term plans n hw t manage this. In respnse, the gvernment has nw said that the ”reintrductin f species is nt a pririty“.
The gvernment said it was fcused n increasing bidiversity thrugh habitat restratin. The gvernment’s envirnment department has cme under scrutiny(详细审查) fr nt ding mre t prevent sewage dumping and ther frms f pllutin in England’s waterways.
Sir Rbert Gdwill, chair f the Cmmittee, said he was disappinted with the gvernment respnse. Bringing back extinct species is a cntrversial issue-althugh farmers and landwners appear bradly supprtive, there are risks f reintrducing new species, and withut clear guidance, prblems culd arise.
A recent study shwed that river barriers similar t thse built by beavers can prtect cmmunities at risk f flding. But there have als been cases dcumented in Eurpe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crps and changed rivers.
Jan Edwards, directr f Plicy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, ”Reintrducing wildlife must be part f the UK gvernment’s arsenal (武器) fr tackling nature lss and climate change-it is astnishing there is n strategy fr ding s.
“The return f wild beavers can help t recreate lst wetlands, with a knck-n effect that benefits ther wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers als slw the flw f water, which can reduce fld risks t twns and villages, ”she said.
9．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A study.B．A diary.C．A guide.D．A reprt.
10．Hw did the UK gvernment plan t increase bidiversity?
A．By expanding farming.B．By ffering guidance.
C．By restring habitat.D．By develping strategy.
11．What did Jan Edwards think f reintrductin f wildlife?
A．It was beneficial.B．It was cntrversial.
C．It was messy.D．It was cstly.
12．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The advantages f reintrducing wildlife.
B．The respnses t a gvernment statement.
C．The effects f climate change n farming.
D．The appraches t increasing bidiversity.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讨论了英国政府关于重新引入像海狸这样的物种的立场，以及这一决定受到野生动物团体批评的情况。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent reprt shws that ne in six UK species are at risk f extinctin. In September mre than 60 cnservatin rganisatins reprted a significant decline in species due t expansins in farming and the effects f climate change.(最近的一份报告显示，英国六分之一的物种面临灭绝的风险。9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业的扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量大幅下降)”以及第三段“Despite the gvernment allwing this, the Envirnment, Fd and Rural Affairs Cmmittee cncluded in July that there was an absence f lng-term plans n hw t manage this.(尽管政府允许这样做，但环境、食品和农村事务委员会在7月得出结论，缺乏如何管理这一问题的长期计划)”可推理出，本文来自于一个报告，故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“The gvernment said it was fcused n increasing bidiversity thrugh habitat restratin(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府计划通过恢复栖息地增加生物多样性，故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The return f wild beavers can help t recreate lst wetlands, with a knck-n effect that benefits ther wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers als slw the flw f water, which can reduce fld risks t twns and villages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可推理出，琼·爱德华兹认为野生动物的重新引入是有益的，故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back t England is n lnger a pririty, the gvernment said n Friday t criticism frm wildlife grups.(周五，英国政府表示，将海狸等物种带回英国不再是当务之急，这遭到了野生动物组织的批评)”、第四段“The gvernment said it was fcused n increasing bidiversity thrugh habitat restratin(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”以及最后一段“The return f wild beavers can help t recreate lst wetlands, with a knck-n effect that benefits ther wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers als slw the flw f water, which can reduce fld risks t twns and villages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”推理出，本文主要围绕着英国政府最近的声明，即重新引入海狸等物种不是优先事项，以及野生动物团体、保护组织和罗伯特·古德利爵士和琼·爱德华兹等关键人物随后的反应。它讨论了政府对通过栖息地恢复而不是重新引入物种来增加生物多样性的立场，并强调了对此事的不同意见，包括重新引入的好处和潜在风险，以及缺乏明确的管理战略，所以本文主要说的是对政府声明的反应，故选B项。
4（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the turists frm arund the wrld that fld int Yellwstne Natinal Park what they mst hpe t see, and their answer is ften the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-ccupying large areas f their frmer range,” says bear bilgist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range int places where they haven’t been seen in a century r mre, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half f the US was full f grizzlies when Eurpeans came, with a rugh number f 50,000 r mre living alngside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries f cruel and cntinuus hunting by settlers, 600 t 800 grizzlies remained n a mere 2 percent f their frmer range in the Nrthern Rckies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the US. Their recvery has been s successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviusly, if precautins (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,” says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula.
13．Hw d Americans lk at grizzlies?
A．They cause mixed feelings in peple.
B．They shuld be kept in natinal parks.
C．They are f high scientific value.
D．They are a symbl f American culture.
14．What has helped the increase f the grizzly ppulatin?
A．The Eurpean settlers’ behavir.
B．The expansin f bears’ range.
C．The prtectin by law since 1975.
D．The supprt f Native Americans.
15．What has stpped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service frm delisting grizzlies?
A．The ppsitin f cnservatin grups.
B．The successful cmeback f grizzlies.
C．The vice f the bilgists.
D．The lcal farmers’ advcates.
16．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Fd shuld be prvided fr grizzlies.
B．Peple can live in harmny with grizzlies.
C．A special path shuld be built fr grizzlies.
D．Technlgy can be intrduced t prtect grizzlies.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grw t abut 2.5 m lng and weigh ver 400 kg, ccupy a cnflicted crner f the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Tday, there are abut 2, 000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Tday, there are abut 2,000 r mre grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recvery has been s successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted t delist grizzlies, which wuld lsen legal prtectins and allw them t be hunted. Bth effrts were verturned due t lawsuits frm cnservatin grups. Fr nw, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviusly, if precautins aren’t taken, grizzlies can becme trublesme, smetimes killing farm animals r walking thrugh yards in search f fd. If peple remve fd and attractants frm their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by withut truble. Putting electric fencing arund chicken huses and ther farm animal quarters is als highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hpe is t have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass thrugh withut learning bad habits,“ says James Jnkel, lngtime bilgist wh manages bears in and arund Missula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
5（2023上·广西南宁·高三南宁三中校考阶段练习）The average bear, it seems, is getting ver smarter. First, it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt t.
Jennifer Vnk, f Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, frm Gergia State University, set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts (点) n a cmputer screen. In return fr a fd reward ne bear, Brutus, wuld tuch the mre heavily dtted pattern with his nse. The thers, Bella and Dusty, wuld tuch the screen with their claws (爪子).
As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with patterns where the clured dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clured area. This culd be explained by the bears’ distinguishing the different areas f clur rather than truly cunting the dts. Hwever, the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area.
Mving patterns, where each dt fllwed its wn path arund the screen, were mre f a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was nt defeated. He seemed t be cunting mbile dts even when the scientists tried t mislead him by mving the ttal clured area f the dts at the same time.
It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are, hwever, always alne, and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill develped because they cannt cunt n their friends fr help.
17．What task did the scientists set fr the three bears?
A．Distinguishing different dt patterns.
B．Figuring ut different clurs f dts.
C．Putting the dts int differently clured grups.
D．Picking ut the grup with a larger number f acts.
18．Fr the bears, the task was easier when ______.
A．the clured dts were mving slwly
B．the dt patterns were regular in shape
C．the dts fllwed a path n the screen
D．mre dts cvered a larger clured area
19．Why d the bears have high degree r intelligence?
A．They have t survive by themselves.
B．They learn skills frm ther friends.
C．They feed n a diverse range f fd.
D．They have cmplex scial netwrks.
20．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Bears Taught t Distinguish Clurs
B．Three Bears Learned Hw t Cunt
C．New Evidence f Bear Intelligence Fund
D．The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现——熊有高智商。研究表明，熊不仅会使用梳子，有些熊还会数数。熊总是独自应对生活中的很多挑战，这可能解释了它们为什么有高智商。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jennifer Vnk, f Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, frm Gergia State University, set three American black bears the task f distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller grups f dts (点) n a cmputer screen.(密歇根州奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vnk和乔治亚州立大学的Michael Beran给三只美国黑熊布置了一项任务，让它们在电脑屏幕上区分数值较大和较小的点组)”以及第三段“Hwever, the three bears managed t pick ut the bigger number f dts even in pairs f patterns where fewer dts tk up a larger area.(然而，这三只熊设法挑出了更多的点，即使是在成对的图案中，更少的点占据更大的面积)”可知，科学家们给这三头熊安排的任务是在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点组，选出点数较多的一组。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the researchers reprt in Animal Behavir, the bears did best with patterns where the clured dts did nt mve and where mre f them als tk up a larger clured area.(正如研究人员在《动物行为》杂志上所报告的那样，熊在彩色点不移动的模式下表现最好，而且更多的彩色点占据了更大的彩色区域)”可知，对熊来说，当更多的点覆盖更大的彩色区域时，这个任务更容易。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is nt entirely surprising that bears shuld have a high degree f intelligence. They face a lt f challenges when trying t get fd. They are, hwever, always alne, and s d nt have the cmplex scial systems that cntribute t animal smarts.(熊具有高度的智力并不完全令人惊讶。他们在寻找食物时面临很多挑战。然而，它们总是孤独的，因此没有复杂的社会系统，而这有助于动物的智慧)”可知，熊有高智商是因为必须靠自己生存。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The average bear, it seems, is getting ver smarter. First, it turned ut that at least ne can use a cmb. Nw it appears that sme can cunt t. (普通的熊似乎越来越聪明了。首先，事实证明，至少有一个熊可以使用梳子。现在看来，有些熊也会数数了)”结合本文主要介绍了一项新发现，说明熊是一种高智商动物，B选项“发现了证明熊智力的新证据”最符合文章标题。故选C。
6（2021·全国·高考真题）Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we’re all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She’s healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It’s still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
21．Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?
A．Cstly.B．Cntrversial.
C．Ambitius.D．Successful.
22．What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?
A．She lves staying with her mther.
B．She dislikes utdr activities.
C．She is in gd cnditin
D．She is sensitive t heat.
23．What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?
A．They had their first brn in January.
B．They enjyed explring new places
C．They lived with their grandmthers.
D．They were brught t the reserve yung
24．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Prt Lympne保护区的繁殖计划迎来了一只罕见的黑犀牛的出生。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，因此可推断这计划是成功的。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She’s healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Prt Lympne，体重约为32公斤。)”可知，Sli和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild .(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早。)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
6（2021·全国·高考真题）When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
25．What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A．Lss f wetlands.
B．Ppularity f water sprts.
C．Pllutin f rivers.
D．Arrival f ther wild animals.
26．What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire.B．Exprt.
C．Destry.D．Distribute.
27．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gne dwn.
B．The migratry birds have flwn away.
C．The hunters have stpped hunting.
D．The gvernment has cllected mney.
28．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B．The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D．The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f waterfwl were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destry同义。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.(自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元投入该基金，用于购买500多万英亩的栖息地)”可知，自1934年通过法案，政府获得超过5亿美元，已经筹集了很多资金，以购买水禽栖息地。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. (根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”以及第三段“Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.(难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，本文主要讲述了联邦鸭票的故事，所以“联邦鸭票的故事”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
名校好题速递
8（2024上·重庆·高二重庆南开中学校考期末）Many guests have had the pleasure f bserving the magnificent cheetahs (猎豹) that find shelter n the Tswalu Private Reserve, but they might nt be aware f the wrk t make these wild cats feel cmfrtable in the presence f humans. As a cnservatin phtgrapher, I spent a day with cnservatr Clement Mtau t understand what it takes t habituate cheetahs.
Habituating wildlife is an n-ging prcess —slwly getting wild animals used t the presence f vehicles and peple. Animals like cheetahs receive regular visits frm the wildlife cnservatin team. That way they learn that in this privately prtected area, humans pse n threat t.
Clement, nw 29 years ld, spent his early childhd in Middelburg, but he wuld g t the rural area every chance he gt, including mst schl hlidays. “I enjyed climbing muntains and being utdrs. I always knew I wanted t wrk with wild animals.” He decided t study nature cnservatin rather than becme a tur guide because “dealing with peple all the time is nt my strngest pint.” After three years f studies, he came t Tswalu in 2016 and was ffered a psitin n the cnservatin team. Thugh ne day rarely lks the same as anther, with tasks ranging frm cllaring wild dgs t mending fences, the chance t spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjys.
An hur after we first sptted Artemis, Clement's favrite cheetah, she is still n the mve, clearly lking fr a meal. She is a beautiful animal, and I am in n hurry t leave. Thugh she seems unbthered by ur presence, we dn't want t negatively impact her chances f feeding. Wildlife turism is an essential cnservatin tl, bth t raise awareness and t pay fr all the csts. But the wellbeing f the animals always cmes first. “She is very bliging with us tday,” he says. “S relaxed. The guides and ur guests will lve her. She'll be a future star.”
29．What d we knw abut habituating wild animals?
A．It's a prcess t get wild animals used t humans.
B．It's dne by paying randm visits t wild animals.
C．Wild animals will benefit frm this practice.
D．Such practice is limited t private reserves.
30．Why did Clement chse t becme a nature cnservatr?
A．Because he liked a jb with varius tasks...
B．Because being a tur guide was nt his dream.
C．Because he enjyed spending time with wild animals.
D．Because wrking with animals was his strngest pint.
31．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Artemis is respnding t ur request.
B．Artemis is warning us t keep a distance.
C．Artemis is inviting us t enter her territry.
D．Artemis is feeling cmfrtable with ur presence.
32．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A remarkable cheetah cnservatr.
B．A reserve fr cheetahs.
C．A cheetah cnservatin prgram.
D．A tur with a cheetah cnservatr.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者与猎豹保育员的一天之行，了解了猎豹如何适应栖息地，习惯人类的存在。
29．细节理解题。文章第二段第一句“Habituating wildlife is an n-ging prcess —slwly getting wild animals used t the presence f vehicles and peple.”(使野生动物适应栖息地是一个持续的过程——即慢慢地让野生动物适应车辆和人的存在。)可知，使野生动物适应栖息地即让它们能够习惯人类的存在。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。文章第三段第三行“I always knew I wanted t wrk with wild animals.”(我一直知道我想和野生动物一起工作。)和第三段最后一句“ Thugh ne day rarely lks the same as anther, with tasks ranging frm cllaring wild dgs t mending fences, the chance t spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjys.”(虽然每一天都不同，任务从给野狗套项圈到修补栅栏，但他特别喜欢有机会和猎豹相处。)可知，Clement选择成为一位自然保育员是因为他喜欢和野生动物待在一块。故选C项。
31．词义猜测题。文章最后一段第三句“Thugh she seems unbthered by ur presence, we dn't want t negatively impact her chances f feeding.”( 尽管她似乎对我们的出现毫不在意，但我们不想对她进食的机会产生负面影响。)和最后一段最后一句““S relaxed. The guides and ur guests will lve her. She'll be a future star.””(“放轻松。导游和我们的客人会喜欢她的。她将成为未来的明星。”)可知，最开始发现Artemis时，这只Clement最喜欢的猎豹对于人类的出现完全没有感到惊慌，仍自在地捕猎。现在导游和客人都很爱她，说明Artemis已经习惯了人类的存在，没有不适的反应。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句“As a cnservatin phtgrapher, I spent a day with cnservatr Clement Mtau t understand what it takes t habituate cheetahs.”(作为一名野生动物保护摄影师，我花了一天时间与保育员Clement Mtau一起了解是什么使得猎豹适应栖息地。)可知，本文主要讲述了作者与猎豹保育员Clement一天的旅行。故选D项。
9（2024上·山东德州·高三统考期末）A sleeping animal cannt lk fr fd r flee frm danger. But the fact that sleep is widespread amng animals shws its restrative pwers are essential. Sme animals, thugh, try t have their cake and eat it. Dlphins and ducks sleep with half their brains, leaving the ther half n guard. A paper in Science by Dr Le reprts anther innvative wrkarund. Chinstrap penguins take their sleep in thusands f naps, tiny micr- sleeps-r at least when they are nesting.
Chinstraps sleep with either their whle brain r just ne half. Data cnfirmed they sleep in the cean r n land. Ducks sleep in lng perids, while the penguins nd f fr several secnds at a time, hundreds f times an hur. The naps average 4 secnds in length; 72% lasted less than 10 secnds. Micr-sleeps aren’t unknwn. Exhausted humans, like jet-lagged (倒时差) turists and parents f newbrn babies, can experience them. Ttaling the duratin, the researchers cncluded Chinstraps get arund 12 hurs f sleep daily.
Tw explanatins are given fr Chinstraps’ sleep pattern. The first is t d with external threats. Penguins hatch eggs alne while their partners are away seeking fr fd. Clnies (领地) are threatened by big birds that’ll steal unattended eggs. Brken sleep is a clever strategy f getting sme shut-eye during lng egg-guarding perids.
Penguins with nests near the edge f the clny are at greater risk than thse in the centre, but enjy mre extended naps. The secnd is threats frm within, as penguin clnies are nisy, crwded places. They steal nesting materials frm careless neighbrs, s penguins in the crime-ridden centre find it harder t sleep than thse in the safer suburbs.
Chsing between thse theries requires mre research. Dr Lee said, “Nr can we measure hw restrative such naps are. Chinstraps are evidently able t hatch their yung under such cnditins, which suggests they’re getting smething frm their cnstant ndding-ff. S, humans nurturing their newbrns shuld take heart.”
33．Why d dlphins and ducks sleep with nly ne side f their brains?
A．T enjy their cake.
B．T establish a nice nest.
C．T be watchful during naps.
D．T btain high-quality sleep.
34．What des Chinstraps’ sleep pattern feature?
A．Engaging in numerus naps a day.
B．Sleeping nwhere beynd the cean.
C．Ranging frm 4 secnds t 12 hurs.
D．Always sleeping with the entire brain.
35．What can be inferred frm the explanatins in paragraph 3?
A．Penguins live safely in natural clnies.
B．Penguins encunter a variety f challenges.
C．Penguins hatch their eggs away frm clny.
D．Penguins at the cre f the clny sleep lnger.
36．What des Dr Lee think f Chinstraps’ micr-naps?
A．Their duratin is hard t detect.
B．They distract the restrative effects.
C．Adpting them aids human newbrns.
D．Taking this sleep mde favrs penguins.
【答案】33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚和鸭子睡觉时只用一侧大脑是因为小睡时要保持警觉。其中帽带企鹅选择了一天小睡很多次的睡眠模式，文章分析了这一行为背后的原因以及好处。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dlphins and ducks sleep with half their brains, leaving the ther half n guard.(海豚和鸭子睡觉时用一半的大脑，另一半则处于戒备状态)”可知，海豚和鸭子睡觉时只用一侧大脑是因为小睡时要保持警觉。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ducks sleep in lng perids, while the penguins nd f fr several secnds at a time, hundreds f times an hur.(鸭子的睡眠时间很长，而这种企鹅每次打盹几秒钟，一小时打盹数百次)”可知，帽带企鹅的睡眠模式是一天小睡很多次。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first is t d with external threats. Penguins hatch eggs alne while their partners are away seeking fr fd. Clnies (领地) are threatened by big birds that’ll steal unattended eggs.(首先是外部威胁。企鹅在同伴外出觅食时独自孵化蛋。领地受到大鸟的威胁，它们会偷走无人看管的鸟蛋)”可推知，企鹅遇到各种各样的挑战。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chinstraps are evidently able t hatch their yung under such cnditins, which suggests they’re getting smething frm their cnstant ndding-ff.(帽带企鹅显然能够在这样的条件下孵化它们的后代，这表明它们从不断的打盹中得到了一些东西)”可知，李博士认为帽带企鹅的“微小睡”睡眠模式有利于企鹅。故选D。
10（2024上·四川达州·高二统考期末）“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE,” says Kenyan eclgist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in majr, majr truble.”
Ppulatins f the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants frest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants. And we’re t blame. We’ve expanded (扩张) int elephant territry, building hmes and rads, cutting dwn frests and planting crps. Besides, with the rise f paching (偷猎), the number f elephants has decreased and became dangerusly lw in the past five decades.
“Paching desn’t just destry animals,” says Kahumbu, “it gradually weakens sciety.” That’s why her rganizatin mnitred paching cases in Kenyan curts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children n the value f wildlife. Kahumbu’s gal is nble and urgent: t change “the whle natinal awareness abut cnservatin.”
Nw, she’s taking her message t an internatinal stage with Secrets f the Elephants, a fur-part series n Natinal Gegraphic. It explres the hidden lives f elephants in fur habitats — Asia, plus African frests, deserts, and savannas — as well as the peple wh are racing t save the animals.
“We kind f knw what they need, but we aren’t always generus enugh.” Secrets f the Elephants, she hpes, will familiarize peple with the wildlife that lives amng them.
While making the series, the difficult situatin f sme elephants shcked her. “Yu lk at their faces and they lk s sad,” she says. She particularly nticed this in Asia, where Asian elephants and peple live in increasingly clse distance.
“Despite decades f research int African elephants, much research int Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why ur prgramme in the fllwing pages will fcus n this species,” she adds.
37．What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The features f three species f elephants.
B．The different situatins f the elephants.
C．The causes fr the decrease f the elephants.
D．The impact f Human behavirs n elephants.
38．What did Kahumbu d?
A．She mnitred pachers hunting elephants.
B．She filmed a feature abut elephants.
C．She started a natinal wildlife prtectin mvement.
D．She changed peple’s awareness f wildlife prtectin.
39．What can be inferred abut the Asian elephants?
A．They like t get clse t humans.
B．They are almst ignred by experts.
C．They remain mysterius t humans.
D．They are gradually lsing their habitat.
40．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Take actin: Stp Paching
B．Film series: Secrets f the Elephants
C．Kahumbu: A Brave Kenyan Eclgist
D．Endangered: Three Species f Elephants
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．D 40．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu的组织对保护大象所作的努力。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ppulatins f the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants frest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）和“And we’re t blame.”（我们应负责任。）和后面对人类行为的具体描述可知，本段主要在讲述人类行为对大象产生的影响。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s why her rganizatin mnitred paching cases in Kenyan curts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children n the value f wildlife. Kahumbu’s gal is nble and urgent: t change “the whle natinal awareness abut cnservatin.”（这就是为什么她的组织在肯尼亚法院监控偷猎案件，发起了一项名为“放开我们的大象”的运动，并教育孩子们了解野生动物的价值。Kahumbu的目标崇高而紧迫:改变“整个国家对环境保护的意识”。）可知，Kahumbu发起了一项全国的野生动物保护运动。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While making the series, the difficult situatin f sme elephants shcked her. “Yu lk at their faces and they lk s sad,” she says.”（在拍摄这个系列的时候，一些大象的困境震惊了她。“你看看它们的脸，它们看起来很悲伤，”她说。）和“She particularly nticed this in Asia, where Asian elephants and peple live in increasingly clse distance.”（她在亚洲特别注意到这一点，在那里，亚洲象和人的住的距离越来越近。）可知，大象正生活在困境当中，生活得很艰难、痛苦，亚洲的大象和人住的越来越近，说明大象的栖息地正逐渐被人类占领，它们也逐渐失去了自己的栖息地。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段““THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE,” says Kenyan eclgist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in majr, majr truble.””（“它们都有麻烦了，”肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu说：“所有的大象都有很大的麻烦。”）和第二段“Ppulatins f the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants frest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要描述了三种大象数量急剧下降、濒临灭绝的现状和原因。故选D。
11（2024上·四川成都·高二统考期末）There are sme fascinating data abut the wrld’s frests! Abut 30 percent f the earth’s land is cvered in frests, and 300 millin peple call frests hme. A further 1.6billin peple rely n frests t survive.
Nw, keeping these numbers in mind, cnsider this fact: the wrld lses ver 32millin acres f frest each year. When frests disappear, we nt nly miss ut n all the ways they make us healthier, we als lse an essential resurce. This is why preserving frests, and nature, is mre imprtant than ever. The key is t cnnect with nature, fr example, frest bathing.
In the way that frest bathing requires, we start t experience and appreciate all its beauty and benefits, thrugh invlvement with nature by using all ur senses. Many gvernments, businesses, and institutins have realized the imprtance f this and have created plans t deepen mutually beneficial relatinships between peple and nature. It’s nt just wild frests that need attentin, urban parks and frests are equally imprtant. Despite lsing trees t real estate (房地产) develpments and rad cnstructin, many cities have fund creative ways t intrduce mre trees and frests. In Paris, fr example, a nineteenth century railway was turned int a park that stretches nearly three miles. There’s ne mre thing that’s essential t the prtectin f frests-helping children cnnect with nature. Nt nly is this gd fr their verall well-being, but studies shw that children wh spend time in nature becme adults wh understand the imprtance f prtectin. Arund the wrld, many schls have started using parks and green spaces as classrms. Measures like these will help ensure that future generatins can als enjy the benefits f frests.
41．Why des the authr list the data f the wrld’s frests in Paragraph 1?
A．T highlight their significance.
B．T illustrate their ecnmic value.
C．T present their unique features.
D．T intrduce their basic infrmatin.
42．What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Clse cntact with nature.
B．Great lss f frest.
C．Harmnius relatinship with nature.
D．Creative plans fr develpment.
43．What influence des interacting with nature have n children?
A．It benefits their future career.
B．It imprves their academic perfrmances.
C．It prvides chances fr having fun in frests.
D．It raises their life-lng envirnment awareness.
44．Which clumn f a newspaper is this text prbably taken frm?
A．Sprts.B．Turism.
C．Envirnment.D．Agriculture.
【答案】41．A 42．A 43．D 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是保护森林和自然比以往任何时候都更加重要以及保护森林可以采取的方法。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“Abut 30 percent f the earth’s land is cvered in frests, and 300 millin peple call frests hme. A further 1.6billin peple rely n frests t survive.(地球上大约30%的土地被森林覆盖，3亿人以森林为家。还有16亿人依靠森林生存。)”和第二段“Nw, keeping these numbers in mind, cnsider this fact: the wrld lses ver 32millin acres f frest each year. When frests disappear, we nt nly miss ut n all the ways they make us healthier, we als lse an essential resurce. This is why preserving frests, and nature, is mre imprtant than ever.(现在，记住这些数字，想想这作者在第一段中列出了世界森林的数据个事实：世界每年失去超过3200万英亩的森林。当森林消失时，我们不仅失去了它们使我们更健康的所有方式，还失去了一种重要的资源。这就是为什么保护森林和自然比以往任何时候都更加重要。)”可知，作者在第一段中列出了世界森林的数据是为了突出它们的重要性。故选A。
42．词句猜测题。根据第三段“There’s ne mre thing that’s essential t the prtectin f frests-helping children cnnect with nature. Nt nly is this gd fr their verall well-being, but studies shw that children wh spend time in nature becme adults wh understand the imprtance f prtectin.(还有一件事对保护森林至关重要——帮助孩子们与大自然建立联系。这不仅有利于他们的整体健康，而且研究表明，在大自然中度过时光的孩子长大后会明白保护的重要性。)”可知，this指代的是“与大自然亲密接触”，故选A。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“There’s ne mre thing that’s essential t the prtectin f frests-helping children cnnect with nature. Nt nly is this gd fr their verall well-being, but studies shw that children wh spend time in nature becme adults wh understand the imprtance f prtectin.(还有一件事对保护森林至关重要——帮助孩子们与大自然建立联系。这不仅有利于他们的整体健康，而且研究表明，在大自然中度过时光的孩子长大后会明白保护的重要性。)”可知，与自然互动对孩子的影响是它提高了他们终身的环境意识。故选D。
44．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Nw, keeping these numbers in mind, cnsider this fact: the wrld lses ver 32millin acres f frest each year. When frests disappear, we nt nly miss ut n all the ways they make us healthier, we als lse an essential resurce. This is why preserving frests, and nature, is mre imprtant than ever. The key is t cnnect with nature, fr example, frest bathing.(现在，记住这些数字，想想这个事实：世界每年失去超过3200万英亩的森林。当森林消失时，我们不仅失去了它们使我们更健康的所有方式，还失去了一种重要的资源。这就是为什么保护森林和自然比以往任何时候都更加重要。关键是要与自然联系，例如，森林浴。)”可知，本文主要讲的是保护森林和自然比以往任何时候都更加重要以及保护森林可以采取的方法，因此本文可能来自于报纸的环境栏目，故选C。
12（2024上·山东济南·高三统考期末）In the animal wrld, speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in utrunning ther animals, which puts them high n the fd chain. It wuld seem that all animals wuld g fr speed, but then there’s the slth (树懒). While a lin can g frm 0 t 60 miles an hur in nly five secnds, it takes a slth all day t cver n mre than 50 meters.
Slths live entirely in trees n a diet f leaves. And fr this, they are extremely rare. While mst f the land wrld is cvered in trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree hme. The aim f a 2016 study, says Jnathan Pauli, a University f Alabama prfessr f frest and wildlife eclgy, was t help uncver why slths are indeed s unique. “Amng vertebrates, this is the rarest f lifestyles”, says Pauli. “When yu picture animals that live ff plant leaves, they are almst all big-things like deer. What’s super interesting abut slths is that they can’t be big.”
Fr their research, Pauli and his Wiscnsin team studied wild slths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use f slths, they fund a wildly lw burning f as little as 110 calries f energy a day. And fr this, they take the cake: it is the lwest measured energetic utput fr any mammal (哺乳动物).
“The measurement was intended t find ut what it cst slths t live ver a day,”says Pauli, wh adds that a diet f little but leaves lacks nutritinal value and the animal’s small size desn’t allw fr vereating-s slths need t find ways t make the mst f their diets, which means using tiny amunts f energy, dramatic cntrl f bdy temperature and living at an extremely slw pace.
Their reward? A wnderfully widespread eclgical system t call their wn, ne slw inch at a time.
45．Why is a lin mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T admire lins’ speed.
B．T state slths’ weakness.
C．T cnfirm lins’ lead psitin.
D．T highlight slths’ uniqueness.
46．What is the 2016 study mainly abut?
A．The lifestyle f slths.
B．The diet f vertebrates.
C．The species f rare animals.
D．The energy use f creatures.
47．What des the underlined part “take the cake” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Break dwn.B．Keep n.C．Stand ut.D．Grw up.
48．What can be inferred abut slths frm Pauli’s wrds?
A．Their slw pace is a balanced chice.
B．They are in face f pssible extinctin.
C．Their slw pace decides a tiny appetite.
D．They suffer a lt against natural enemies.
【答案】45．D 46．A 47．C 48．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了树懒的独特生活方式和适应策略。虽然速度在动物界很重要，但树懒却以它们的缓慢生活而闻名。树懒生活在树上，以树叶为食，它们的能量消耗非常低。树懒采取了低能量消耗、控制体温和缓慢生活的方式来适应以树叶为食的生活。虽然树懒消耗的能量很少，但它们拥有自己独特的生态系统。
45．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Fast animals have a leg up in utrunning ther animals, which puts them high n the fd chain. It wuld seem that all animals wuld g fr speed, but then there’s the slth (树懒). While a lin can g frm 0 t 60 miles an hur in nly five secnds, it takes a slth all day t cver n mre than 50 meters.(速度快的动物比其他动物跑得快，这使它们处于食物链的高位。似乎所有的动物都追求速度，但树懒除外。狮子可以在5秒内从0英里跑到60英里每小时，而树懒需要一整天才能走超过50米。)”可知，似乎所有的动物都追求速度，但树懒除外，由此文章指出狮子可以在5秒内从0英里跑到60英里每小时，而树懒需要一整天才能走超过50米，此处提到了狮子的速度，与接下来讲述树懒的缓慢相对比，从而强调树懒的独特之处。故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The aim f a 2016 study, says Jnathan Pauli, a University f Alabama prfessr f frest and wildlife eclgy, was t help uncver why slths are indeed s unique. (阿拉巴马大学森林和野生动物生态学教授Jnathan Pauli表示，2016年一项研究的目的是帮助揭示树懒确实如此独特的原因。)”以及““Amng vertebrates, this is the rarest f lifestyles”, says Pauli. (“在脊椎动物中，这是最罕见的生活方式，” Pauli说。)”可知，2016年一项研究的目的是为了揭示树懒生活方式为什么如此独特。故选A。
47．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Wiscnsin team studied wild slths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use f slths, they fund a wildly lw burning f as little as 110 calries f energy a day. (威斯康辛州的一个研究小组在野外研究了野生树懒。当研究人员测量树懒的能量消耗时，他们发现树懒每天燃烧的能量非常低，只有110卡路里。)”以及划线词后面的内容“it is the lwest measured energetic utput fr any mammal(这是所有哺乳动物中测量到的能量输出最低的。)”可知，就树懒的能量消耗，其每天燃烧的能量非常低，只有110卡路里，这是所有哺乳动物中测量到的能量输出最低的，因为这一特点使得树懒脱颖而出（与众不同）。故划线词与C选项“Stand ut.(脱颖而出)”为同义词短语。故选C。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““The measurement was intended t find ut what it cst slths t live ver a day,”says Pauli, wh adds that a diet f little but leaves lacks nutritinal value and the animal’s small size desn’t allw fr vereating-s slths need t find ways t make the mst f their diets, which means using tiny amunts f energy, dramatic cntrl f bdy temperature and living at an extremely slw pace.( “这次测量的目的是找出树懒在一天中生活所需的成本，”Pauli说道，他补充说，只吃树叶的饮食缺乏营养价值，而树懒的体型小，不允许过度进食，所以树懒需要找到方法来最大限度地利用自己的饮食，这意味着使用极少的能量、极大地控制体温和以非常缓慢的步调生活。)”可知，因为树懒的体型小，不允许过度进食，所以树懒需要找到方法来最大限度地利用自己的饮食，这意味着使用极少的能量、极大地控制体温和以非常缓慢的步调生活，即树懒缓慢的步调是为了适应以树叶为食的生活，并让它们能够最大限度地利用自己的食物，由此推断它们缓慢的节奏是一个平衡的选择。故选A。
14（2024上·陕西榆林·高一统考期末）Wd strk, which was n the brink f extinctin in 1984, has recvered enugh in Flrida and ther Suthern states. The American wildlife fficials prpsed remving the waterfwl (水禽) frm the endangered species list.
This symblic species, which is the nly strk native t Nrth America, has rebunded (反弹) because dedicated partners in the sutheast have wrked tirelessly t restre ecsystems that supprt it. In additin, the wd strk has increased its range in castal areas. The birds have adapted t new nesting areas, tripling the number f clnies acrss their range frm 29 t 99 in recent years.
Credit ges mainly t the wildlife prtectins prvided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA), which can impse restrictins n a variety f activities in areas where such species are, lcated, such as develpment, mining and il drilling. The act saved the wd strk and it helped; preserve and rebuild vital habitats thrughut the sutheast, which has imprved water quality and benefited cuntless ther species wh call the area hme. The Endangered Species Act has saved 99% f the species that have been n the list since 1973, with 100 types f plants and animals delisted because they have recvered r are at least stable.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said that restratin f the wd strk’s habitat, especially in the Flrida Everglades and adjacent Big Cypress Natinal Preserve, led t a, sharp increase in breeding pairs. Thse numbers had shrunk t just 5,000 pairs in 1984, whereas there are mre than 10,000 pairs tday.
“The prpsed delisting f the wd strk is a significant milestne and a remarkable, achievement f the hard wrk by federal agencies, state and lcal gvernments, tribes, cnservatin rganizatins, and private citizens in prtecting and restring ur mst at-risk species,” Interir Secretary Deb Haaland said.
If the wd strk is delisted, fficials said it wuld remain prtected by ther laws including the Migratry Bird Treaty Act and the Clean Water Act. A mnitring plan, wuld be put in place fr at least five years t ensure the strk ppulatin remains stable.
49．What can be inferred abut the wd strk frm the text?
A．Its ppulatin is increasing.
B．It has already died ut.
C．It is widely distributed wrldwide.
D．It is the mst endangered species.
50．What cntribute mstly t recvering the ppulatin f the wd strk?
A．Charity rganizatins.
B．Federal agencies.
C．Prtectins f the ESA．
D．Lcal cmpanies.
51．What is Deb Haaland’s attitude t the delisting f the wd strk?
A．Negative.B．Dubtful.
C．Indifferent.D．Psitive.
52．What is the best title f the text?
A．Effect f the Big Cypress Natinal Preserve Cunts
B．Saving f the Endangered Wd Strk Prgresses
C．Effrts t Restre the Wildlife Habitat Pay Off
D．Prtectin f American Native Species Wrks
【答案】49．A 50．C 51．D 52．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了木鹳由于保护，种群数量增加了两倍，这主要归功于《濒危物种法案》提供的野生动物保护。
49．推理判断题。根据第二段“The birds have adapted t new nesting areas, tripling the number f clnies acrss their range frm 29 t 99 in recent years.(这些鸟已经适应了新的筑巢区域，近年来，它们的种群数量增加了两倍，从29个增加到99个)”可推知，木鹳的数量在增长。故选A。
50．细节理解题。根据第三段“Credit ges mainly t the wildlife prtectins prvided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA), which can impse restrictins n a variety f activities in areas where such species are, lcated, such as develpment, mining and il drilling. The act saved the wd strk and it helped; preserve and rebuild vital habitats thrughut the sutheast, which has imprved water quality and benefited cuntless ther species wh call the area hme. The Endangered Species Act has saved 99% f the species that have been n the list since 1973, with 100 types f plants and animals delisted because they have recvered r are at least stable.(这主要归功于《濒危物种法案》（ESA）提供的野生动物保护，该法案可以对这些物种所在地区的各种活动施加限制，例如开发、采矿和石油钻探。这一举动救了木鹳，也起了作用；保护和重建整个东南部的重要栖息地，这改善了水质，并使无数以该地区为家的其他物种受益。自1973年以来，《濒危物种法案》拯救了99%的濒危物种，其中100种动植物因恢复或至少稳定而被除名)”可知，ESA的保护最有助于恢复木鹳的数量。故选C。
51．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““The prpsed delisting f the wd strk is a significant milestne and a remarkable, achievement f the hard wrk by federal agencies, state and lcal gvernments, tribes, cnservatin rganizatins, and private citizens in prtecting and restring ur mst at-risk species,” Interir Secretary Deb Haaland said.(美国内政部长Deb Haaland说：“拟议中的木鹳摘牌是联邦机构、州和地方政府、部落、保护组织和普通公民为保护和恢复我们最濒危的物种所做的辛勤工作的一个重要里程碑，也是一个了不起的成就。”)”可推知，Deb Haaland对木鹳被摘牌持积极态度。故选D。
52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wd strk, which was n the brink f extinctin in 1984, has recvered enugh in Flrida and ther Suthern states. The American wildlife fficials prpsed remving the waterfwl (水禽) frm the endangered species list. (1984年濒临灭绝的木鹳，在佛罗里达州和其他南方州已经恢复到足够的数量。美国野生动物官员建议将水禽从濒危物种名单中删除)”结合文章主要说明了木鹳由于保护，种群数量增加了两倍，这主要归功于《濒危物种法案》提供的野生动物保护。可知，B选项“拯救濒危木鹳的进展”最符合文章标题。故选B。
14（2024上·重庆·高一重庆十八中校联考期末）Pcket gphers (囊鼠) spend mst f their lifetime alne, digging undergrund. Althugh they’re cmmn acrss Nrth and Central American grasslands, yu’re unlikely t see ne—their presence is usually nly nticeable thanks t the piles f sandy sil they leave behind reaching mre than 500 feet, usually abut 50 inches belw the grund.
Gphers were thught t feed themselves mainly by eating the rts (根) they meet while building new tunnel systems. Yet, digging tunnels is energetically cstly and researchers shw that nly eating the rts just desn’t make up fr the energy spent.
T understand hw else these animals get enugh rts t survive, Francis Putz, a prfessr at the University f Flrida, and the student researcher Vernica Selden lked at the behavir f gphers in nrthern Flrida. They bserved that, in the dark and wet tunnels the gphers had dug, new and sft rts grew fast.
The gphers seem t be actively lking after the rts like farmers, the scientists say. They create the perfect wet envirnment fr rts and causing sil aeratin (透气) by lsening the grund in which plants grw in the first place. Imprtantly, the gphers spread waste thrughut the tunnels, which makes the rts grw mre successfully. This is rather unlike ther gpher species, which tend t have fixed waste areas.
The study fund that the gphers’ daily harvest f rt crps can supply frm 21 t 62 percent f their calrie needs. “They have these lng tunnels that cannt be explained,” Putz says. S why d it? If it’s nt t “farm fd”, he says, “I can’t think f any ther reasn.”
But sme researchers wnder if “farming” is a right term fr the gphers’ activities. “T describe the activity as farming seems t be verstated,” says scientist Kimberly Asmus Hersey. “I dn’t see this as all that different frm many ther plant and plant-eating animal relatinships.”
53．What can be learned abut the species f gphers?
A．They exist all acrss America.
B．They are highly scial animals.
C．They mainly live undergrund.
D．They dig tunnels 500 feet deep.
54．What d the researchers say abut the rts gphers meet while digging?
A．They are as hard as rcks fr gphers t eat.
B．They make digging wrk mre effrt-taking.
C．They are perfect hme lcatins fr gphers.
D．They cannt meet gphers’ needs fr energy.
55．What did the researchers find ut abut the gphers in Flrida?
A．They prefer building tunnels in dry cnditins.
B．They try t make their tunnels as deep as pssible.
C．They create a perfect envirnment fr rts t grw.
D．They usually have fixed waste areas in their tunnels
56．What is Hersey’s attitude t Putz’s cnclusin n gphers’ behavir?
A．She disagrees with it.
B．She is curius abut it.
C．She thinks highly f it.
D．She is uncncerned abut it.
【答案】53．C 54．D 55．D 56．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们认为囊鼠主要通过吃它们在建造新地道系统时遇到的树根来喂养自己。然而，挖掘地道的能量成本很高，研究人员表明，只吃树根并不能弥补所消耗的能量。为了了解这些动物是如何获得足够的根来生存的，佛罗里达大学教授弗朗西斯·普茨(Francis Putz)和学生研究员维罗妮卡·塞尔登(Vernica Selden)研究了佛罗里达州北部囊鼠的行为。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Althugh they’re cmmn acrss Nrth and Central American grasslands, yu’re unlikely t see ne—their presence is usually nly nticeable thanks t the piles f sandy sil they leave behind reaching mre than 500 feet, usually abut 50 inches belw the grund.”（尽管它们在北美和中美洲的草原上很常见，但你不太可能看到它们的存在，因为它们留下的沙土高达500多英尺，通常在地下50英寸。）可知，关于囊鼠，我们可以了解到它们主要生活在地下。故选C项。
54．细节理解题。根据第二段“Gphers were thught t feed themselves mainly by eating the rts (根)they meet while building new tunnel systems. Yet, digging tunnels is energetically cstly and researchers shw that nly eating the rts just desn’t make up fr the energy spent.”（人们认为囊鼠主要通过吃它们在建造新地道系统时遇到的树根来喂养自己。然而，挖掘地道的能量成本很高，研究人员表明，只吃树根并不能弥补所消耗的能量。）可知，研究人员认为囊鼠在挖掘时遇到的根不能满足囊鼠对能量的需求。故选D项。
55．细节理解题。根据第四段中“This is rather unlike ther gpher species, which tend t have fixed waste areas.”（这与其他种类的囊鼠不同，它们往往有固定的废物区域。）可知，关于佛罗里达州的囊鼠，研究人员发现了它们通常在地道里有固定的废物区。故选D项。
56．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““T describe the activity as farming seems t be verstated,” says scientist Kimberly Asmus Hersey. “I dn’t see this as all that different frm many ther plant and plant-eating animal relatinships.””（科学家金伯利·阿斯马斯·赫西说：“把这种活动描述为农业似乎言过其实了。”“我不认为这与许多其他植物和食草动物的关系有什么不同。”）可推知，赫西对普茨关于囊鼠行为的结论持反对的态度。故选A项。
15（2024上·河南南阳·高二南阳市第五中学校校联考期末）A new study discussed the high prbability that n chicks had survived frm fur f the five mnitred (监测) emperr penguin grups in Antarctic. The satellite images shwed the lss f sea ice at breeding (繁殖) sites, well befre chicks wuld have develped waterprf feathers.
Emperr penguins are dependent n stable sea ice where they lay eggs in Antarctic winter frm May t June. Eggs hatch after 65 days, but chicks d nt grw feathers until summer, between December and January. S emperr penguins are highly sensitive in a warming climate.
Since 2016, Antarctica has seen the fur years with the lwest sea ice extents in the 45-year satellite recrd, with the tw lwest years in 2021/22 and 2022/23. Between 2018 and 2022, 30% f the 62 knwn emperr penguin grups in Antarctica were affected by part r ttal sea ice lss. Althugh it is difficult t immediately link specific extreme seasns t climate change, a lnger-term decline (减少) in sea ice extent is expected frm the current generatin f climate mdels. At the beginning f December 2022, the Antarctic sea ice extent matched the previus all-time lw set in 2021. The mst extreme lss was seen in the central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea regin, west f the Antarctic Peninsula where there was a 100% lss f sea ice in Nvember 2022. Current scientific evidence suggests that extreme sea ice lss events like this will becme mre frequent and widespread.
Emperr penguin ppulatins have never been subject t extensive hunting, hme lss, verfishing r ther lcal anthrpgenic (人为的) interactins in the mdern era. Unusually fr a vertebrate (脊椎的) species, climate change is cnsidered the nly majr factr influencing their lng-term ppulatin change. Recent effrts t predict emperr penguin ppulatin trends frm frecasts f sea ice lss have painted a dark picture, shwing that if present rates f warming persist, ver 90% f the grups will be extinct by the end f this century.
It is anther warning sign fr humanity that we cannt cntinue dwn this path, and that pliticians must act t minimise the effect f climate change. There is n time left.
57．When d emperr penguins usually hatch?
A．Frm May t June.B．Frm July t August.
C．In the mnths f summer.D．In the mnths f autumn.
58．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Antarctic sea ice lss is becming mre and mre serius.
B．Antarctic sea ice lss is bviusly affected by climate change.
C．Antarctic sea ice lss reached 100% in Nvember 2022.
D．Antarctic sea ice lss makes emperr penguins in danger.
59．Which has the main effect n Emperr penguin ppulatins?
A．Hunting.B．Hme lss.
C．Overfishing.D．Climate change.
60．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Sea Ice Lss and Ecsystem Destructin
B．Understanding Emperr Penguin Grups
C．The Effect f Lss f Sea Ice n Penguins
D．The Imprtance f Stpping Climate Change
【答案】57．B 58．A 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于全球变暖，南极海冰不断融化，帝企鹅赖以生存的环境受到很大威胁，它们很难完成后代繁殖，在未来几十年可能面临灭绝。
57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Emperr penguins are dependent n stable sea ice where they lay eggs in Antarctic winter frm May t June. Eggs hatch after 65 days (帝企鹅依靠稳定的海冰在南极的冬季5月到6月产卵。65天后孵化)”可知，帝企鹅通常在产卵65天后孵化，也就是在7月到8月之间。故选B项。
58．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Since 2016, Antarctica has seen the fur years with the lwest sea ice extents in the 45-year satellite recrd, with the tw lwest years in 2021/22 and 2022/23. Between 2018 and 2022, 30% f the 62 knwn emperr penguin grups in Antarctica were affected by part r ttal sea ice lss. scientific evidence suggests that extreme sea ice lss events like this will becme mre frequent and widespread. (自2016年以来，南极洲经历了45年卫星记录中海冰面积最低的四年，其中最低的两年是2021/22年和2022/23年。在2018年至2022年期间，南极62个已知帝企鹅群体中有30%受到部分或全部海冰融化的影响。……目前的科学证据表明，像这样的极端海冰损失事件将变得更加频繁和广泛)”可知，目前南极洲海冰面积创历史新低，影响了帝企鹅群体，且这一趋势将持续，极端海冰损失事件将变得更频繁和广泛。因此，本段主要讲了南极海冰的损失越来越严重。故选A项。
59．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Emperr penguin ppulatins have never been subject t extensive hunting, hme lss, verfishing r ther lcal anthrpgenic (人为的) interactins in the mdern era. Unusually fr a vertebrate (脊椎的) species, climate change is cnsidered the nly majr factr influencing their lng-term ppulatin change. (在现代，帝企鹅的数量从未受到大规模狩猎、家园丧失、过度捕捞或其他当地人为因素的影响。不同寻常的是，气候变化被认为是影响脊椎动物种群长期变化的唯一主要因素)”可知，气候变化是影响帝企鹅数量的主要因素。故选D项。
60．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“A new study discussed the high prbability that n chicks had survived frm fur f the five mnitred (监测) emperr penguin grups in Antarctic. The satellite images shwed the lss f sea ice at breeding (繁殖) sites, well befre chicks wuld have develped waterprf feathers. (一项新的研究讨论了在南极被监测的五个帝企鹅群中，有四个很可能没有小企鹅存活下来。卫星图像显示，在雏鸟长出防水的羽毛之前，繁殖地的海冰就已经消失了)”可知，文章主要介绍了由于全球变暖，南极海冰不断融化，帝企鹅赖以生存的环境受到很大威胁，它们很难完成后代繁殖，在未来几十年可能面临灭绝。因此，C项“海冰减少对企鹅的影响”符合文章大意，最适合作为标题。故选C项。