【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题09 阅读理解之主旨大意题-试卷

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一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的。一般说来说明文和议都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的根底上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
题型归纳
题型01 段落大意题
【题型诠释】
一、常见设问方式
 What des the authr tell us in Paragraph
 The main idea f the secnd paragraph prbably is ________.
 The first paragraph is mainly abut ________.
 Which f the fllwing can best summarize Para.1?
 What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
二、首尾兼顾法寻找主题句：
1.段首段尾：段首--主题句多为段首一两句(观点或对象)；段尾--主题句也常为段尾句(结论或总结)。
2.段中：主题句有时在段中(前面的话是为引出主题）。
3.无主题句：有时没有主题句，需根据段落内容自己概括。
归纳段落大意的2种方法：
方法一、概括段落大意：(1)总分——主题句就在段首；(2)分总——主题句就在段尾；(3)分总分——主题句在段中；(4)总分总——主题句在段首/段尾；(5)并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，段落大意涉及两个平行的内容；(6)对比各事物的文章，段落大意是两个事物的共同点或不同点。
方法二、揣摩段落大意：作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者。
【典例1】（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Anyne can be late a handful f times, but t be the persn wh is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect f yur persnality, scientists have fund.
S what is it that causes sme peple t cnstantly miss trains, make it t the wedding just after the bride’s shwn up and regularly anny their friends? And why is it s hard fr us t fix it? “There are all srts f punishments fr being late, but we are still late even when thse punishments and cnsequences exist.” said Justin Kruger, a scial psychlgist at New Yrk University.
One f the cmmnest reasns why peple are frequently late is that-they fail t accurately judge hw lng a task will take—smething knwn as the planning fallacy. Research has shwn that peple n average underestimate the tune t cmplete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Besides, frever-late-cmers are mre likely t be multitaskers. A 2023 study fund that ut f 181subway peratrs in New Yrk City, thse wh preferred multitasking were mre ften late fr their jb. This is because multitasking makes it harder t have the awareness f what yu’re ding. It’s als discvered there is a persnality type that’s mre likely t be late. While highly nervus, achievement-riented Type A individuals arc mre pssible t be punctual, Type B individuals, hwever, wh are calmer and mre relaxed, have a higher chance t be late.
Admittedly, knwing all f this desn’t necessarily help fix the prblem. But scientists are starting t wrk n strategies that can slwly imprve ur punctuality. Fr peple wh cnstantly underestimate tasks, breaking dwn an activity int detailed steps can help peple estimate hw lng smething will take mre accurately. As fr yur persnality type, unfrtunately, there isn’t much yu can d t change that. But accepting that yu need t struggle fr it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step t change.
30. What is the main idea f the text?
A. Late cmers shuld be severely punished.B. Time management cntributes t success.
C. The habit f being late is related t character.D. Accepting yur persnality imprves punctuality.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Anyne can be late a handful f times, but t be the persn wh is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect f yur persnality, scientists have fund.”（任何人都可能迟到几次，但做一个总是迟到的人，那是一种艺术，一种令人沮丧的艺术。或者，这是你性格的副作用，科学家们发现。）和后文对迟到的人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍了迟到的习惯与性格有关。故选C项。
题型02 文章大意题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
 What’s the main idea/pint f the passage?
 The passage is mainly abut ________.
 The passage is mainly cncerned abut ________.
 Which f the fllwing best states the main idea f the passage?
 Which f the fllwing statements best expresses the main idea/theme f the passage?
 In this passage the authr discusses primarily ________.
 The subject discussed in this text is ________.
 The general/main idea f the passage is abut ________.
二、主旨大意归纳法：
1.略读法：读文章标题；读首尾段落；读段落首尾句；留意表句段关系的关联词之后的内容。
2.文体法：新闻报道、议论文和说明文--主题句在首段；记叙文、议论文--主题句一般在尾段。
3.词语法：在文中出现频率较高的主题词。
4.概括法：无主题句的文章，需读者自己概括大意。
✱找主题句的技巧：
1. 段落中出现表示转折的词语(如hwever, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2. 首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3. 作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4. 表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefre, thus, in shrt, cnclude, cnclusin等词，通常是主旨。
各段落的主旨→整篇文章的主旨：
情况一：找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
情况二：有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，需要进一步加工概括。
【典例2】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模)
A vide circulated n scial media earlier this year, shwing a turist pening the dr f a vehicle, reaching ut an arm and attempting t strke a passing liness. The liness shrugged him ff, but it culd have easily gne hrribly wrng.
Reckless behaviur arund wildlife risks the safety f bth peple and animals. Peple risk being attacked, mauled (撕咬) and pssibly killed, while animals can be harmed, remved r put dwn, irrespective f whether they were nly defending themselves. Animal attacks can als cast a destinatin in a negative light, causing temprary clsures r scaring ff visitrs. All just s smene culd bast that they had strked a lin r captured a mment n a camera phne.
“Turists are getting mre and mre reckless arund wildlife and the surce f the prblem is scial media.” says wildlife phtgrapher Anette Msshachers. “Peple risking their lives r ding stupid things with wildlife are after ‘likes’ and fllwers, smething t shw ff n scial media,” says Mssbacher. “The greater the risk, the mre ‘likes’ they get. With sme clients, it seems like a sickness r addictin.”
Yet scial media is nt entirely t blame. Peple have always taken risks fr an experience. Flish behavir and a tendency t get ccky arund dangerus animals must have been arund since the dawn f humanity. A hunger fr attentin nline might drive sme f the current madness, but sme individuals might be trying t recreate a piece f the actin they have seen n televisin. Perhaps the adrenaline (肾上腺激素) rush when clse t wild animals causes an evapratin f cmmn sense.
“There’s a wrrying lack f awareness that animals several times ur size, weight, speed and strength can easily hurt us,” says wildlife phtgrapher David Llyd. “I dn’t think parks are ding enugh t raise awareness. Turists need t knw hw their presence can affect wildlife. A gd example is cheetahs (猎豹) n vehicle rftps. It may be a thrill fr the bystanders, but the cnsequences if a mther cheetah falls ff wuld be severe. She wuld n lnger be able t hunt, s her cubs culd easily starve.”
“Peple aren’t getting the educatin abut why they need t stay away frm wildlife, including aviding diseases, keeping peple secure and letting wildlife be wild,” says Philip Muruthi, vice president f species cnservatin and science fr the African Wildlife Fundatin. “We need t educate turists thrugh signs, pamphlets and frntline drivers. We shuld stick t guidelines, and there needs t be enfrcement thrugh the law.”
19. What can we cnclude frm the passage?
A. Parks are expected t take mre respnsibilities fr educating turists.
B. Raising turists’ awareness means stressing the danger f animals t them.
C. Mre regulatin f the turist industry is the key t raising turists’ awareness.
D. Penalties rather than educatin can stp peple taking silly risks arund wildlife.
【答案】A
【解析】文章大意题。根据第五段中“I dn’t think parks are ding enugh t raise awareness. Turists need t knw hw their presence can affect wildlife. (我认为公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够。游客需要知道他们的存在会如何影响野生动物)”和第六段中“Peple aren’t getting the educatin abut why they need t stay away frm wildlife, including aviding diseases, keeping peple secure and letting wildlife be wild(人们没有得到关于为什么他们需要远离野生动物的教育，包括避免疾病，保证人们的安全，让野生动物自然生长)”可推知，公园在提高公众意识方面做得还不够，应该在教育游客方面承担更多的责任。故选A项。
题型03 标题归纳题
【题型诠释】
一、提问方式
 The best title f the passage is ________.
 Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
 What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
 The mst apprpriate title f the passage is ______.
二、文章标题四大特性：
1.概括性：概括全文，体现主旨；
2.针对性：内涵相符，范围一致；
3.新颖性：新颖奇特，吸引眼球；
4.简短性：名词短语,动名词短语或祈使句。
文章标题干扰项特点：断章取义(仅为文中一细节)；以偏概全；离题太远。
(一)理解标题的三大特点：1. 概括性——准确而又简短；2. 针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3. 醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
(二)确定文章标题：1. 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，看哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2. 反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3. 研读、比较四个选项：研读四个选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、概括性等。
【典例3】（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）
At a museum in Vietnam, Lena Bui’s film Where Birds Dance Their Last reflected n the beauty and vulnerability f Vietnamese feather farms after Bird Flu. During a festival in Rwanda, Ellen Reid’s audi experience Sundwalk was shared in a hpeful discussin abut music, parks and mental health. These are a few f the things I have helped bring t life ver the years, wrking at the intersectin f scientific research, the arts and advcacy t supprt science in slving glbal health challenges.
Science is key t addressing these issues. But it isn’t the nly key. T achieve its ptential and fr its advances t be implemented and reach all wh culd benefit, science depends n trust and gd relatinships. Peple might nt always see science as relevant, trustwrthy r meaningful t their lives. There are reasns why sme see science as having a chequered past, frm nuclear weapns t eugenics, and are therefre uninterested in, r suspicius f, what it prpses. Others feel excluded by the incmprehensibility f hyper specialist knwledge.
In its capacity t build upn and test an evidence base, science is pwerful, but researchers and funders haven’t been as gd at ensuring this evidence base respnds t the needs and interests f diverse cmmunities, r infrms plicy makers t take actin. Science might be perceived as distancing itself frm the persnal, the petic and the plitical, yet it is precisely these qualities that can be mst influential when it cmes t public interest in atpic r hw a gvernment priritizes a decisin.
A mving stry well tld can be mre memrable than a list f facts. This is where the arts cme in. Artists can give us different perspectives with which t cnsider and reimagine the wrld tgether. They can redress the prclaimed bjectivity in science by bringing stries —subjectivities —int the picture, and these can help fster a sense f cnnectin and hpe.
In 2012, I set up artist residencies in medical research centres arund the wrld. Bui was attached t the Oxfrd University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam. The head f the research team was delighted, finding that Bui, as a Vietnamese artist, had license t be in, and t share useful insights frm, villages where infectius disease researchers weren’t welcme. Six years later, I led Wellcme’s Cntagius Cities prgram, which established artist residencies wrldwide t supprt lcally led explratins f epidemic preparedness. The recent pandemic made this wrk mre nticeable, and has infrmed ur Mindscapes prgram which is currently sharing experiences f mental health thrugh the wrk f artists.
With pandemic, climate and mental health crises upn us, rising inequality and what feels like an increasingly brken wrld, never has there been mre need t build and nurture hpeful and imaginative spaces t grw human cnnectin and shared purpse fr the cmmn gd. Science and the arts can wrk hand in glve t achieve this.
23. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. The Value f the Arts t ScienceB. Where D Science and the Arts Meet?
C. A New Way t Fight Pandemic—the ArtsD. Which Matters Mre, Science r the Arts?
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“These are a few f the things I have helped bring t life ver the years, wrking at the intersectin f scientific research, the arts and advcacy t supprt science in slving glbal health challenges. (这些是我多年来帮助实现的一些事情，在科学研究、艺术和倡导的交叉领域工作，以支持科学解决全球健康挑战)”以及第四段“Artists can give us different perspectives with which t cnsider and reimagine the wrld tgether. They can redress the prclaimed bjectivity in science by bringing stries — subjectivities — int the picture, and these can help fster a sense f cnnectin and hpe.(艺术家可以给我们提供不同的视角，让我们一起思考和重新想象这个世界。他们可以通过将故事（主观性）带入画面来纠正科学中所宣称的客观性，这有助于培养一种联系感和希望感)”以及最后一段“Science and the arts can wrk hand in glve t achieve this. (科学和艺术可以携手合作来实现这一目标)”结合文章主要论述了作者认为科学可以与艺术相结合，并通过列举事实证明了这一点。可知，A选项“艺术对科学的价值”最符合文章标题。故选A。
高考练场
题型01 段落大意题
(2023年新高考全国英语I卷B篇)
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse — like facility that treated sewage (污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des. “Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says. “Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
24. What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was fnd f traveling.B. He enjyed being alne.
C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He lnged t be a dctr.
题型02 文章大意题
(2022年新高考英语甲卷C篇)
As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. A childhd dream.B. An unfrgettable experience.
C. Sailing arund the wrld.D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
题型03 标题归纳题
(2021年新高考全国英语甲卷D篇)
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs (因素) like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
名校模拟
A
(2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习) Inspired by his mentr Luis Sullivan, an influential figure in the wrld f mdernist architecture, Frank Llyd Wright cined the term “rganic architecture” arund 1908.
Rather than imitating nature r rganic elements within the natural wrld, rganic architecture is mre cncerned with re-interpretatin f nature and harmny between the rganic and the built envirnment. It ensures that the individual elements within buildings are put tgether t reflect the rder within nature. Here are fur f the mst striking examples.
Casa Milà
Lcatin: Barcelna, Spain
Year f cmpletin: 1910
Architect: Antni Caudi
Cnsidered the greatest master f Catalan Mdernism, Antni Gaudi was devted t nature and the Cathlic religin. While he riginally intended this rganic building t have a religius purpse, it is nw an apartment building. True t the rganic style, it features hney shapes that seemingly emerge frm the earth.
Learning Hub at Nanyang Technlgical University (NTU)
Lcatin: Singapre
Year f cmpletin: 2015
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Earning the nicknames “dim sum basket building” and “the Hive”, the Learning Hub cnsists f 12 eight-strey twers arranged arund a public atrium (天井). The rganic nature f the building extends t its interir with features like gardens that are intended t encurage scial interactins and study amng students.
Falling Water
Lcatin: Mill Run, Pennsylvania
Year f cmpletin:1939
Architect: Frank Llyd Wright
A classic f mdernism and rganic architecture, Falling Water sits n tp f a waterfall. Frank Llyd Wright designed it fr the Kaufmann family wh—thugh they had riginally hped fr a view f the waterfall-came t lve the hme.
East Beach Café
Lcatin: Littlehamptn, UK
Year f cmpletin: 2007
Architect: Thmas Heatherwick
Lcated in a seaside area with an industrial histry, East Beach Café resembles a piece f driftwd. Frty meters lng, seven meters wide and five meters high, it initially plarized lcals, but has since been well-received by the whle cmmunity. It was the first building fr Thmas Heatherwick wh previusly was better knwn as a sculptr.
1. Which building was designed t serve a religius purpse?
A. Casa Milà.B. Learning Hub at NTU.
C. Falling Water.D. East Beach Cafe.
2. What d we knw abut the fur buildings in the text?
A. They are architectural classics f mdernism.
B. They feature imitatins f animals r elements in nature.
C. East Beach Café was nt welcmed by all the lcals initially.
D. The designer f Learning Hub at NTU invented’ the cncept “rganic architecture’’.
3. Which f the fllwing magazines is the text prbably taken frm?
A. Natinal Gegraphic.B. Architectural Digest.
C. Organic Gardening.D. BBC Histry.
B
(2023上·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考期中) Mia, 12, is nw n a year-lng trip with her parents and three yunger brthers. Far frm their hme in Quebec, Canada, the family rde hrses in Mnglia, kayaked in Cambdia, camped in Namibia and flew in a ht air balln in Turkey, lking t cllect as many nce-in-a-lifetime memries as they culd.
The memries really matter because unless science makes a breakthrugh sn, three f the children will becme blind, likely in adulthd. They have been diagnsed with a disease that has n effective treatment and n specific timeline as it gradually rbs them f their sight.
The diagnses came in 2015. Despite the grief, the parents were surprised t find Mia, then 7, was calm abut it. She annunced that she wuld need t start keeping her bedrm especially neat, with everything in its place. “In the future, I’ll need t knw where things are,” Mia said.
“She’s finding slutins n her wn,” the parents tld each ther. “We need t fllw her lead.” And s the idea f a yearlng trip was brn, ne that wuld shw the kids the wrld, in persn and at clse range – while the kids culd still see it. Fr the next tw years, the parents saved mney and researched places t visit. “Hw we adults see the wrld and hw kids see the wrld are s different.” says the mther, Edith. “It wuld have t be less abut temples and museums and mre abut whatever caught their eyes.”
By the time the trip began t wind dwn in early 2023, the family had traveled 52,000 miles and visited 18 cuntries. Mia grew taller and when entering adlescence, needed mre independence. Her brthers became mre cnfident and utging. The kids were very aware that they had learned a lt. “There’s a lt f suffering, a lt f pverty, but lts f gd and interesting things t. We shuld be psitive.” said Mia.
4. What’s the prbable functin f the first paragraph?
A. T lead in the stry behind.B. T aruse the readers’ interest.
C. T prvide backgrund infrmatin.D. T infrm readers f a wnderful trip.
5. What can be inferred abut the parents frm paragraph 3 and 4?
A. They are ptimistic abut the children’s disease.
B. They are surprised at their daughter’s creative ideas.
C. They are prud f their daughter’s curage t face difficulties.
D. They are pen-minded enugh t respect their children’s decisin.
6. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. The details abut the year-lng jurney.
B. The keen anticipatin f Mia abut the future.
C. The changes f the kids physically and mentally.
D. The impressin Mia had f what she had experienced.
7. Which is the best title f the stry?
A. Seeing is believing.B. Making the mst f the visin.
C. Man wh travels far knws mre.D. The eyes are the windw t the sul.
C
(2023上·重庆南岸·高三重庆第二外国语学校校考期中) The stands were always filled with family members t supprt their favrite players. I attended each f my sn’s games. His father wrked nights fr years, and missed ut n mst f his games. My sn Jrden knew if his dad culd, he wuld be there sitting right beside me.
When Jrden was yunger, sme family members wuld ccasinally cme t watch. But gradually they stpped shwing up. Never nce did Jrden lead me t believe that this bthered him, but apparently it did. It wasn’t until when he was asked t give a speech at his baseball event that he made it very clear nt nly t me but a rm filled with ver 150 peple just hw imprtant it is t have extra fans in the stands.
His speech was anything but like I thught it wuld be. It wasn’t shrt and bittersweet. It wasn’t his quick thank yu t his caches and teammates. He pured his heart ut, saying he seldm had grandparents, aunts r uncles cming t supprt him. He was grateful that his teammates’ family members shwed up t supprt nt just their wn lved nes but the entire team f bys. Clearly Jrden desired mre than just me. Never did I ever think my sn wuld be hurting inside as he lked ut t the bleachers t see nly me at each and every game.
As he struggled t get each wrd ut thrugh tears, I prmised I wuld attend as many events f the children arund as I pssibly culd. There was n way I culd allw anther child t feel what my sn was feeling. This small simple gesture wuld mean s much t any child. Neither Jrden nr I was upset with thse wh never attended his games. Jrden just wanted smene else besides me t witness his craft in actin. I understand all f ur lives becme cmplicated and that everyne is busy with their wn children and jbs that may nt allw them as much free time as they’d like.
8. What d we knw abut Jrden’s father?
A. He had lng been misunderstd by Jrden.B. He had few chances t attend Jrden’s games.
C. He managed t be with Jrden in every game.D. He had made excuses t miss Jrden’s games.
9. What was Jrden’s speech abut?
A. His ambitin t win the champinship.B. His gratitude t his mther and caches.
C. His cmplaint abut his family members.D. His desire fr supprt frm mre peple.
10. What des the authr think f Jrden’s speech?
A. Depressing.B. Cmplicated.C. Astnishing.D. Absurd.
11. Hw did the authr respnd t Jrden’s speech?
A. She tried t be actively invlved in children’s games.
B. She prmised nt t miss ut n games f every child.
C. She ffered t invite many relatives t Jrden’s games.
D. She decided t lead Jrden t trust his family members.
D
(2023上·重庆·高三重庆一中校考阶段练习) A recent study published in Pediatrics, the jurnal fr the American Academy f Pediatrics, thrws light n a cncerning trend—increasing anterir cruciate ligament (韧带) (ACL) injuries amng yuth, with girls facing a higher risk cmpared t their by classmates.
“Usually, yu feel a pp in the knee and then see swelling,” says Dr. Randall Schultz, an rthpedic (骨科) surgen with Texas Orthpedics. Althugh the pain can vary, seeking medical attentin prmptly is crucial. “While nt always requiring an emergency rm visit, cnsulting a dctr within a day r after the weekend, alng with immediate use f ice, is recmmended.” he advises.
Sprts characterized by abrupt changes in directin—such as sccer, gymnastics, vlleyball, basketball, and even ftball—emerge as cmmn ffenders fr ACL injuries. The risk f ACL injuries ges up fr girls nce they hit age 12 r 13 and fr bys arund age 14 r 15. Why? Adlescence. This is a time when kids grw faster and their bdies can’t always keep up, which is especially true in the leg’s tibia (胫骨) and femur bnes (股骨). Fr girls, hrmnes als make their ligaments lser, while bys’ muscles help them handle their rapidly grwing bnes.
Apart frm immediate challenges, ACL injuries can have lasting cnsequences. Athletes wh sustain an ACL injury are ten times mre likely t get knee arthritis (关节炎) early. Surprisingly, nly arund half f athletes ver 18 returned t their previus level f perfrmance after an ACL injury, and the chances f mre ACL injuries g up by 15 percent.
Bethany Thresen, the directr f Texas Orthpedics, says ACL injury preventin invlves strengthening nt nly the knees but als the hips and leg muscles as well as building cre strength. He als suggests incrprating exercises like Pilates t achieve cmprehensive strengthening. Seeking guidance frm trainers befre injury strikes can help identify and address weaknesses effectively.
A critical aspect f ACL injury preventin is ensuring balanced sprts participatin. Encuraging kids t engage in a variety f activities and prviding adequate rest days can prevent muscle veruse and imbalances, ultimately safeguarding their well-being.
12. Why is Dr. Randall Schultz’s advice mentined in Paragraph 2?
A. T stress timely medical attentin.B. T suggest ice treatment recmmendatins.
C. T emphasize typical knee injury symptms.D. T prvide the backgrund n Texas Orthpedics.
13. Why are girls facing a higher risk f ACL injuries?
A. They have less muscle strength than bys.
B. They have a mre rapid bne grwth than bys.
C. They have lser ligaments caused by hrmnes.
D. They reach adlescence at an earlier age than bys.
14. What can be inferred abut the lng-term impact f ACL injuries?
A. ACL injuries primarily affect athletes under the age f 18.
B. Permanent disability will be caused by ACL injuries amng yuth.
C. ACL injuries can increase the risk f mre ACL injuries in future.
D. Mst athletes with ACL injuries can recver t the previus athletic level.
15. What is recmmended fr preventing ACL injuries accrding t the passage?
A. Fcusing specially n cre muscle building.
B. Playing diversified sprts and taking enugh rest.
C. Aviding any sprts training during adlescence.
D. Learning necessary AC L injury treatment methds. 项目
年份 卷别
语篇类型
题型
应用文
记叙文
说明文
议论文
细节理解
推理判断
主旨要义
词义猜测
2023
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
7
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
8
3
3
1
全国甲卷
A
B
C/D
9
5
1
全国乙卷
B
A/C
D
5
8
1
1
2022
新高考I卷
A
C
D
B
10
3
1
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
7
5
1
2
全国甲卷
A
C/D
B
8
3
3
1
全国乙卷
A
C/D
B
11
2
1
1
2021
新高考I卷
A
B
C/D
6
6
2
1
新高考Ⅱ卷
A
B
C/D
9
4
1
1
全国甲卷
A
C
B
D
6
7
1
1
全国乙卷
A/B/C/D
4
8
2
1
2020
新高考I卷
A
B/C
D
7
5
1
2
全国I卷
A
C/D
B
4
8
2
1
全国Ⅱ卷
A
D
B/C
8
2
3
2