新教材2023版高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性必修第四册

这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage课件新人教版选择性必修第四册，共23页。
Learning About LanguagePart 1Part 2Part 1语言基础集释1(教材原句)on a...basis根据；以……的方式(基准)　　　　　　　(1)on a regular basis　　例行地；有规律地；定期地on a daily or weekly basis 每天或每周on the basis of 以……为基础(2)base...on/upon 把……置于……基础之上be based on/upon 以……为基础/根据[佳句]　I am saving money on a regular basis with the aim of buying a house of my own.我正在定期存钱，目的是买一套属于我自己的房子。[练通]——单句语法填空①The restaurant ________ (base) on trust, and it is working all right.②________ (base) on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.③On the ________ (base) of these facts, we can draw the conclusion that he is guilty.[写美]——应用文佳句④他每天骑自行车上班，这有利于强身健体。He ________________________， which is beneficial to build up his strength.is basedBasedbasiscycles to work on a daily basis2(教材原句)It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future. 在未来，如果我们发现很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也不足为奇。◎distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别　　　　　　　　　　(1)distinguish A from B=distinguish between A and B 把A和B区分开distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)使自己扬名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；受人尊敬的[佳句]　You should learn to distinguish between right and wrong.=You should learn to distinguish right from wrong. 你应学会明辨是非。[练通]——单句语法填空①The twins are so much alike that it is impossible to distinguish one ________ the other.②Confucius was a ________ (distinguish)educator and philosopher in Chinese history.[写美]——词汇升级③Famous for its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.(推荐信)→________________ its attractive scenery, Hangzhou witnesses large numbers of tourists every year.fromdistinguishedDistinguished forPart 2 [自主感知]①It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.②Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.③Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human and it was disturbing.④Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot...⑤As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops...⑥How awful to be discovered by her，Claire thought.⑦By that time，Tony expected that the house，which was being completely transformed，would be ready.[我的发现]1．以上句子中都使用了被动语态，句①为________的被动语态；句③、④、⑦为________的被动语态；句⑤为________的被动语态。2．句②和句⑥为________的被动语态，句②中的to be harmed作allow的________，而句⑥中的to be discovered作________。过去将来时过去进行时一般过去时不定式宾语补足语真正的主语[语法规则]考点一　各种时态的被动语态形式①The children are asked to clean their room every day.孩子们被要求每天打扫一次房间。(一般现在时的被动语态)②The work will have been finished by the end of next month.到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。(将来完成时的被动语态)③Many animals are being killed and their habitats are being damaged.许多动物正在被杀害，而且它们的栖息地正在遭到破坏。(现在进行时的被动语态)④I received the sad news that he had been killed in a terrible accident.我得知了这个不幸的消息，说他在一场可怕的事故中丧生。(过去完成时的被动语态)[巧学活用1]——单句语法填空①May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which ____________ (name) officially by the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.②We are confident that the environment ____________ (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.③It is the first time that the actress's performance ____________ (recognize) by the director.④I have to go to work by taxi because my car ____________ (repair) at the garage.⑤Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane______________________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.was namedwill be improvedhas been recognizedis being repairedis viewed/has been viewed考点二　使用被动语态应注意的几个问题1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor's degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。(1)We saw him sitting there without doing anything.→He was seen sitting there without doing anything.我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。(2)His words made me throw up.→I was made to throw up by his words.他的话令我作呕。[名师指津]　在主动语态中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的(直接)宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的(间接)宾语，或将表示人的(间接)宾语变为主语。My father is telling me an interesting story now.→An interesting story is being told to me by my father now.→I'm being told an interesting story by my father now.爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。4．动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。The old man was often laughed at.那位老人经常被人嘲笑。[巧学活用2]——将下列各句改为被动语态/ 单句语法填空①We saw a stranger enter the building just now.→_____________________________________________________________②My uncle gave me a present the other day.→____________________________________________________________③The bad weather made me decide to stay here for another day.→_____________________________________________________________④My uncle took good care of me when I was young.→_____________________________________________________________ ⑤The artist was sure he would ________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister，the old man laughed.⑥Every minute must ________ (make) use of to improve our spoken English.A stranger was seen to enter the building just now.A present was given to me the other day by my uncle.I was made to decide to stay here for another day (by the bad weather).I was taken good care of by my uncle when I was young.be chosenbe made考点三　动词不定式的被动语态和用法当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。(1)一般式：to be done表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之后或同时发生。(2)完成式：to have been done表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。It is a great honor to be invited to host the opening ceremony.很荣幸被邀主持开幕式。He is said to have been admitted to Tsinghua University.据说他已经被清华大学录取了。[巧学活用3]——用不定式的被动语态补全句子①法官似乎已经知道了真相。The truth seems ________________ by the judge.②我很荣幸能有机会做一个主题为“生命之粮”的演讲。I feel so honored ________________ deliver a speech themed “food for life”．③明年建成的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。The airport ________________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.to have been knownto be given a chance toto be completed考点四　主动形式表示被动意义1．主动语态表被动意义(1)系动词(如look，sound，smell，feel，taste，remain，seem，hear，appear，prove 等)后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。The food tastes delicious.这种食物尝起来美味可口。What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging.他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。(2)当wash，write，sell，open，close，shut，lock，cook等不及物动词后加副词(easily，well等)时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。The science fiction written by Liu Cixin sells very well.刘慈欣写的科幻小说很畅销。The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.父亲给我的作为生日礼物的钢笔写起来很流畅。(3)need，want，require，deserve等+doing用主动形式表示被动意义。This ladder wants/requires/needs repairing/ to be repaired.这个梯子需要修理。 (4)be worth doing→ be worthy to be done主动形式表示被动意义。The novel is worth reading again.→The novel is worthy to be read again.这部小说值得再读一次。[巧学活用4]——用所给动词的适当形式填空①His books ________ (sell) well，so they are sold out soon.②This cheese ________ (not cut) easily. It's too soft.③To make way for the wide street，these houses need ______________ (pull) down.2．动词不定式的被动语态(1)动词不定式的被动语态由“to+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，当动词不定式所表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，要用动词不定式的被动式。动词不定式的被动式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)。I am very happy to be praised.受到褒奖我非常高兴。The magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the library.这些杂志不允许带出图书馆。I am proud to have been admitted to Peking University.我很自豪已被北京大学录取。selldoesn't cutpulling/to be pulled(2)动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的情况。①sb.have sth.to do/There be sth.to do 句型中。Before the end of the meeting, I have something important to declare.会议结束之前，我有很重要的事情要宣布。There is so much homework to do every day，which almost drives me mad.每天有那么多家庭作业要做，这几乎让我发疯。②动词不定式跟在性质形容词(difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，good等)后，与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时(构成sb./sth.be+adj.+to do)。Our headmaster looks hard to get close to, but in fact he is easy to get along with.我们校长看起来很难接近，但实际上他很容易相处。③动词不定式与疑问词连用时。With so many books at hand，Tom had no idea which to read first.手头有那么多的书，汤姆不知道先读哪一本。[巧学活用5]——用所给词的适当形式填空①We have four reading passages ________ (complete) in the coming holiday.②The old man found the computer was hard ________ (operate)．③She had no money ________ (buy)a birthday present for their children.④The girl is easy ________ (get) along with. to completeto operateto buyto get