湖南省长沙市2024届九年级上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份湖南省长沙市2024届九年级上学期期末考试英语试卷(含答案)，共15页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，填空题，完形填空，翻译题，写作题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
1．There were ________peple helping putting ut the wildfire in Chngqing .
A. 5000B. mre than 5000C. less than 5000
2．Frm the reading，we knw that ________.
A. the wildfire in Chngqing is caused by humans.
B. nly the gvernment made effrts t put ut the fire.
C. Unity is strength.
3．Hw ld was Queen Elizabeth when she died?
A. 92B. 95C. 96
4．Queen Elizabeth married t Prince Phillip in__________.
A. 1947B.1952C.1957.
5．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t the chart?
A. She never visited China.
B. She married t prince Phillip in 1952.
C. She lved her cuntry and peple with all her heart.
Humur has been cnsidered a sign f high intelligence thrughut human histry. Fr example, peple tell jkes t shw their cleverness. And while many studies shw the clse relatinship between intelligence and humur in adults, there is less research n the tpic in children. Nw, new research carried ut n Turkish schlchildren has made a great discvery.
Fr the new study, mre than 200 children made cmments n 10 newly drawn cartns. Seven experts then gave scres t them accrding t the funniness f the cmments and their relevance (关联性) t the cartns.
When these children’s intelligence and humur perfrmance were cmpared, the researchers fund that intelligence had a great influence n the children’s humur ability. They als fund that children with higher levels f general knwledge were better able t prduce humur. Besides, the study als shws that this kind f cnnectin appears t be much strnger in children than in adults.
While the study shws intelligence can influence the humur f children and adults differently, the authrs say there is ne imprtant thing we shuld pay attentin t. Bth humur and intelligence are shaped by cultural beliefs and values. A jke cnsidered funny in ne culture may be tedius in anther. Likewise, an actin may be cnsidered a sign f high intelligence in ne culture but ther cultures may find it imprper. Thus, we shuld keep this in mind when we talk abut the influence f intelligence n humrus behaviur.
“We are really interested in the quality f humur made by children. Humur is ften used fr entertainment by adults, but children mstly use it t make themselves better accepted by peple arund them,” said Prfessr Ugur. “S, teachers! Next time yu lk at the ‘class clwns (students in a class wh behave in a funny r silly way)’, d nt cnsider them flish. It is highly likely that thse ‘class clwns’, wh have great intelligence, are lking fr acceptance.”
6．What des the new study find?
A. Adults usually use humur t attract friends.
B. Children are better at using humur than adults.
C. Children’s intelligence has an effect n humur.
7．What des the underlined wrd “tedius” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Bring. B. Interesting.C. Surprising.
8．What shuld be cnsidered when we study humur and intelligence?
A. One’s culture.B. One’s educatin.C. One’s bdy language.
9．Which statement is true?
A. A jke which is funny in China must be funny in ther cuntries.
B. Children ften use humr fr entertainment.
C.The higher levels f general knwledge children have, the better they can prduce humr.
10．What des Prfessr Ugur prbably think f the class clwns?
A. They are strange.
B. They want t be accepted.
C.They are embarrassed.
“We are running ut f space and the nly places t g t are ther wrlds… Spreading ut may be the nly thing that saves us frm urselves. I believe that humans need t leave Earth” These are the wrds f the famus scientist Stephen Hawking.
Hawking was nt alne in this view. Many experts feel that the nly way fr humans t last far int the future is t clnize（殖民) ther planets. That way, if an asterid（小行星）, a terrible disease r sme ther disasters hit the Earth, we wuld still have a chance. Mars is ne f the best chices. NASA, the private cmpany SpaceX, and ther rganizatins all have plans t send humans there. “Either we spread Earth t ther planets, r we g ut f the earth,” SpaceX funder Eln Musk said.
But nt everyne agrees that clnizing Mars r any ther planet is such a great plan. The mst cmmn disagreement abut ging is that it’s just t expensive r dangerus. It will take a great deal f mney and ther resurces just t get peple there, let alne set up a place fr them t live. It’s nt even clear if humans culd survive n Mars.
Maybe all the time and mney peple wuld pur int a Mars task wuld be better spent n mre imprtant prjects here n Earth, like slving the prblems in pr areas r changes in the wrld’s weather. Sme experts disagree that wrking ut a prblem like an asterid crash r disease utbreak while staying here n Earth wuld be much easier and less expensive than surviving n a new planet. What’s mre, mving t a new planet culd harm r destry anything that already lives there. Mars seems unsuitable fr humans t live n, but it culd pssibly hst sme life. Human visitrs may destry this life r change the envirnment n Mars frever.
What d yu think? Shuld humans clnize uter space r stay at hme?
11．In writing Paragraph 1, the writer wants t ________.
A. prvide an explanatin
B. intrduce a tpic
C. make a cmparisn
12．In Paragraph 2, many experts recmmend clnizing Mars in rder t ________.
A. prtect humans frm dying ut
B. find mre space fr humans t live in
C. encurage rganizatins t make chices
13． Fr what reasn are sme scientists against clnizing Mars?
A. Out f space, ut f mind.
B. Mney shuld be well spent.
C. East r west, hme is best.
14．What’s the authr’s attitude (态度) twards clnizing Mars?
A. He feels cnfident abut clnizing ther planets.
B. He feels surprised at clnizing ther planets.
C. He disagrees t clnize ther planets.
15．What’s the best title f the passage?
A. Mars, Our Future Planet.
B. Mving t a New Planet.
C. Shuld We Clnize Mars?
Imagine-yu are running t catch a train, nly t find that yu frgt yur identificatin card! There is n way yu can get n bard withut it. Dn't wrry. In the near future, peple will just need a digital(数字的）ID n their smartphnes.
On March 11, at a tw sessins news cnference(两会记者招待会), Premier Li Keqiang said that the gvernment wuld intrduce a digital versin(版本）f the natinal ID cards this year. One aim is t better meet the basic living needs f mre than 100 millin peple wh live away frm their hme prvinces. These peple have t g t schl r wrk at different places ther than their hmes. Smetimes t prve that "I am wh I am", they have t run back and frth acrss prvinces t prvide ID n the spt. It is a waste f time,mney and manpwer, nted The Paper.
Digital ID cards can allw infrmatin t be accessed(获取）by a simple scan(扫描）with a smartphne, said Premier Li. The gvernment wuld als prvide cnvenience fr peple wh d nt use smartphnes, especially the elderly. Peple's infrmatin security and privacy wuld als be taken nte f, said the Premier.
In fact, China's Ministry f Public Security started a pilt trial(初步试验)f digital IDs in 2018. It allwed peple in cities including Quzhu, Hangzhu and Fuzhu t apply fr digital natinal IDs n Alipay, reprted China Natinal Radi. The digital ID culd be used t pen bank accunts, check int htels and buy high-speed railway tickets, amng ther things.
China issued(颁发）its first ID card in 1984. The current ID card is the secnd-generatin versin, with an embedded chip(内嵌芯片）and digital encryptin(加密). With 18 digits(数字），the ID number is made up f numbers standing fr the hlder's birthplace,birth date and gender(性别).
16．When did Premier Le Keqiang tell us the news that China wuld intrduce a digital versin f the natinal ID cards?
17．Fr the peple wh live away frm their hme prvinces, what shuld they d t prve that “They are wh they are”?
18．Will the gvernment prvide cnvenience fr peple wh d nt use smartphnes?
19．What d 18 digits n the ID card stand fr?
20．What d yu think f digital ID cards?
二、填空题
21．“What! Yu, t? I believed I was the nly ne.” Have yu ever said smething like this t smene?
①_______________
It seems that similarity ften helps frm friendship. The Greek thinker Aristtle nce said, “Peple regard friendship as a matter f similarity; they say that we like thse wh are like urselves.” ②____________ Scientists frm University f Califrnia said friends have similar behavir, Scientific American reprted.
The scientists invited 42 university students t take part in a test. Each student watched the same set f vides, which included a cmedy, a discussin and a sccer match. ③______________Accrding t their research, friends wh watched the same vide reacted (反应) in similar ways. Similar parts f their brains lit up while watching the vides, especially parts that are cnnected with learning and memry. ④________________“Seeing ne’s friends have similar behavir will reinfrce(强化) ne’s wn values, pinins, and interests,” lead scientist Carlyn Parkinsn tld Business Insider. ⑤_______________Scientists frm the University f Leipzing, Germany, fund that friendship is als based n hw physically clse yu are t smene. The scientists did a test with first-year cllege students the first time they met in class. In this test, students wh sat in neighbring seats were mre likely t becme friends.
A. Nw, there is sme science behind this idea.
B. If s, yu may have ended up becming friends with this persn.
C. But brain similarity is nt the nly thing that can result in friendship.
D. At the same time, the scientists scanned the brain and recrded their brain activity.
E. Hwever, peple wh weren’t friends had different reactins t the same vides.
22．With the earth facing s much pllutin, mst cuntries and regins in the wrld are taking actin ①_______(fight) against pllutin. Here are sme f the measures they have already taken.
New Energy Vehicle
France has decided t stp ②_______ (sell) any car that uses petrl (汽油) and diesel(柴油) fuel by 2040 in rder t reduce air pllutin and save energy as well. Pr families ③_______ are willing t replace lder and mre plluting cars with ④_______(clean) nes will receive sme mney frm the gvernment. Nrway, which is the leader in the use f electric cars in Eurpe, ⑤_______(want) t mve t electric-nly vehicles by 2025, as des the Netherlands.
Great green wall
Accrding t a study by NASA, China and India are the main reasns fr ⑥_______(make) the Earth greener ver the past twenty years. In 1978, China began a prject which is knwn as the" Great Green Wall". S far, the prgram ⑦_______(plant) many trees in 13 prvinces and autnmus regins such as Tibet and Inner Mnglia in nrthern China. Because f China's success in ⑧_______(deal) with desertificatin (沙漠化), the United Natins Envirnment Prgram (UNEP) believes the cuntry is a gd example fr thers t fllw. China is ne f ⑨_______(successful) cuntries in greening the desert and has lessns t share with the wrld.
Be straw free
Every day, Americans thrw away 500 millin plastic straws, enugh t circle the Earth twice,r fill 125 schl buses. Be Straw Free was started in America in 2011. Califrnia recently became ⑩__________(ne) state(州) t stp using plastic straws in restaurants. Crpratins like Starbucks, Aramark, and American Airlines are als making an effrt t stp ffering plastic straws.
三、完形填空
The tpic “Hw much privacy can a pht reveal” has been a 1 n Sina Weib, sparking cncern and heated discussin abut privacy awareness. In grup chats, sme peple may pst their riginal phts. But that may 2 yur hme address and ther infrmatin. Images ften cntain a lt f infrmatin and varius traces left by digital cameras r pht manipulatin sftware.
This data, called Exchangeable Image File Frmat (EXIF), is a key tl fr many prfessinals. It can detail 3 the phtgrapher used a flash, which digital effects were applied t a picture and when the pht was 4 . EXIF can als cntain the precise GPS crdinates f the lcatin 5 a pht was taken, accrding t CNN.
If yu take a landscape picture frm yur windw and send the riginal picture t a grup chat, it means that yu are releasing yur lcatin data t all strangers in the grup. They may even accurately infer yur huse number by 6 the shting time and angle. Nt just in a grup chat, sending an image in a text message, email, r ther delivery tls will als include the accmpanying infrmatin. S hw d we prtect ur privacy when sending phts?
The mst effective way is t avid 7 riginal phts in grup chats. If it's necessary, try nt t tap the “riginal picture". Hwever, phts 8 by WeChat Mments are autmatically cmpressed by the system, and they travel withut lcatin and ther infrmatin, accrding t the WeChat team.
T tackle the prblem at its rt, we can delete and remve a picture's EXIF data n a cmputer. If yu are using an iOS smartphne, yu can 9 lcatin services fr the camera in the privacy settings. If yu're using an Andrid, the settings are 10 frm that f an iOS system. Typically, yu can g t the setting menu and switch the services ff fr the camera, accrding t CTV News.
23．A. hitB.hittingC.hits
24．A. give ffB. give awayC.give up
25．A. thatB.whetherC.which
26．A. takeB.takingC.taken
27．A. whereB.whichC. what
28．A. analyzeB. analyzingC.analysis
29．A. usingB. useC.used
30．A. sendingB. sendC.sent
31．A. turn nB. turn dwnC.turn ff
32．A. sameB.differentC.similar
四、翻译题
33．阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。
Every mnth, Zhang Lingling hlds a party with her friends in a KTV rm. At the party, all the peple wear hanfu and sing sngs that are accmpanied by traditinal instruments r inspired by ancient pems. ①In additin, the 23-year-ld girl spends at least an hur every day playing a mbile game that is abut traditinal culture.
“I'm really interested in clthes, sngs and games based n traditinal culture. I'm nt buying the items just because they are Chinese-they just meet my aesthetic needs,” she tld China Daily.
②很多年轻人像张玲玲一样，对中国传统文化充满了热情。 A reprt released by Chinese shrt-vide platfrm Bilibili in February shws that ver 177 millin f the platfrm's users lved vides featuring traditinal culture.
Ji Fangfang, a prfessr with the Chinese Academy f Scial Sciences, said it's because traditinal culture is the best way fr yung peple t distinguish their natinal identity. ③“They want t tell the wrld wh they are, and they are willing t spend time and mney ding it. Yunger peple knw the wrld well thrugh the internet, and they need t express their uniqueness, ”Ji tld China Daily. Sme peple prefer t keep the traditinal Chinese culture the way it is, ④但也有人用自己的想象力和创造力使得年轻一代更容易接受传统文化。
Pp culture designer Yu Yang is ne f them. When he made a series f prducts featuring the ancient Gd f Frtune, the gd wre fashinable Chinese shes and a cap, and had a micrphne in his hand. “Pp culture is a universal language. ⑤I hped mre peple wuld accept and lve my wrk and knw Chinese culture thrugh my art pieces, "he said in an interview with China Daily.
五、写作题
34．随着短视频的流行，很多中学生不仅成为了短视频的观看大军并且还有一部分同学开始制作起了短视频。中学生是否应该成为短视频博主? 针对这一问题，你们班展开了激烈的讨论。请根据以下表格，总结正方反方的观点并且发表你的看法。
注意：
（1）短文必须包括表格中的所有要点, 并适当发挥;
（2）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名;
（3）词数 80-100;标题已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：be addicted t sth/ ding sth 沉迷于某事/做某事
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案： B
解析：表格中第三行提到参与此次救火的有5000位救援人员，还有数以千计的志愿者，mre than 5000。故选B。
2．答案： C
解析：A选项提到“重庆山火是由人为导致的”，这与表格中内容Causes f the fire: Extreme heat and drughts不符合，此次山火是由极端天气和干旱所致。B选项谈到“只有政府部分参与了此次救援”，这与表格中提到的“thusands f vlunteers”也不符合。C选项Unity is strength.中文意思是“团结就是力量”。山火的最终扑灭是救援人员，志愿者等通力合作才实现的。故选C。
阅读B篇
3．答案： C
解析：根据表格可知，伊丽莎白二世生于1926，并于2022年去世，享年96岁。故选C。
4．答案： A
解析：根据表格可知，菲利普亲王于2021年去世，两人婚姻持续74年，可得知两人于1947年结婚。故选A。
5．答案： C
解析：根据表格可知，伊丽莎白二世于1986年访华，而A选项说伊丽莎白二世从未访华，排除A。伊丽莎白二世于1947年结婚，排除B。根据最后引用的伊丽莎白女王的原话我们能够得知她对英国和英国人民有着至高无上的爱。由故选C。
6．答案： C
解析：根据第三段第一句 the researchers fund that intelligence had a great influence n the children’s humur ability. 我们可以得知该项研究发现智力对于儿童的幽默能力有着极大的影响。故选C。
7．答案： A
解析：A jke cnsidered funny in ne culture may be tedius in anther. 抓住这个句子中前面的关键词funny，可知tedius是funny的反义词，无趣的。故选A。
8．答案： A
解析：根据第四段 Bth humur and intelligence are shaped by cultural beliefs and values.可以得知研究智力和幽默时，需要考虑研究对象的文化背景。故选A。
9．答案： C
解析：根据第四段倒数第二句an actin may be cnsidered a sign f high intelligence in ne culture but ther cultures may find it imprper. 可以得知在中国有趣的笑话在外国不一定有趣，排除A。根据最后一段第一行Humur is ften used fr entertainment by adults可以得知大人利用幽默来取乐而非小孩，排除B。根据第三段 children with higher levels f general knwledge were better able t prduce humur，可以得知C选项正确。故选C。
10．答案： C
解析：根据最后一句话It is highly likely that thse ‘class clwns’, wh have great intelligence, are lking fr acceptance.”，可以得知在班上哗众取宠的class clwn是为了让大家接受他。
11．答案： B
解析：第一段引用科学家霍金的话就是为了引入话题，地球空间不够，人类要去寻找新的生存空间。故选B。
12．答案： A
解析：根据第二段二三行That way, if an asterid（小行星）, a terrible disease r sme ther disasters hit the Earth, we wuld still have a chance.可以得知科学家建议去火星的目的是拯救人类。故选A。
13．答案： B
解析：根据第三段it’s just t expensive r dangerus. It will take a great deal f mney ...可以得知科学家们反对的原因是此举将耗费巨大的财力。故选B。
14．答案：C
解析：根据最后一段的关键词harm，destry，unsuitable以及最后一句Human visitrs may destry this life r change the envirnment n Mars frever.可以得知作者对于火星定居是持反对态度的。故选C。
15．答案： C
解析：文章开头提出地球空间不够，要去火星定居，然后介绍了支持方和反对方的观点，并且最后一段还在询问读者的观点，因此整篇文章都是在谈论是否要去火星定居。故选C。
16．答案：On March 11.
解析：根据第二段第一行可以得知李克强总理是在3月11号宣布的这一消息。故答On March 11.
17．答案：They have t run back and frth acrss prvinces t prvide ID n the spt.
解析：根据第二段倒数第二句可以得知之前外地务工人员需要在两个地方来回跑才能办理相关业务。故答They have t run back and frth acrss prvinces t prvide ID n the spt.
18．答案：Yes.
解析：根据第三段第二行The gvernment wuld als prvide cnvenience fr peple wh d nt use smartphnes, especially the elderly.可以得知本题要用肯定回答。故答Yes。
19．答案：They stand fr the hlder’s birthplace, birth date and gender.
解析：根据文章最后一句话可以得出答案。故答They stand fr the hlder’s birthplace,birth date and gender.
20．答案：They are cnvenient.
解析：这是一道开放性的问题，询问学生对于电子ID的观点。通读全文可知digital ID Cards的施行能够给老百姓带来便利，提高办事效率。故答They are cnvenient.
21．答案：BADEC
解析：①第一段描述了一种情况，如果符合这种情况，那么很容易成为好朋友。B选项的if s是做题关键。故选B。
②题前面这句话谈到了思想家 Aristtle认为人们会与跟自己相似的人做朋友。37题后面一句话紧接着说道对于人们交朋友的这种倾向性，科学家们进行了研究，因此提供了科学根据。这也就跟A选项的there is sme science behind the idea相符合。故选A。
③第三段描述了实验过程。科学家先是让实验对象看视频，然后检测其大脑活动，scan their brain。故选D。
④题前后描述朋友和非朋友看视频之后的大脑活动对比。上一句关键词friends wh watch跟E选项的Peple wh weren’t friends相对照。故选E。
⑤根据倒数第三行 friendship is als based n hw physically clse yu are t smene. 可以得知大脑活动的相似性并不是唯一能够使人建立友谊的因素。故选C。
22．答案：①t fight②selling③which④cleaner⑤wants⑥making⑦has planted⑧dealing⑨the mst successful⑩the first
解析：①本题考察固定用法take actin t d sth。故填t fight。
②考察固定用法stp ding sth。故填selling。
③考察定语从句关系代词，先行词是families，家庭；用which。
④根据前文lder，mre plluting可以得知此空要填比较级。故填cleaner。
⑤考察主谓一致，主语是Nrway，单数。故填wants。
⑥考察介词+ding结构。故填making。
⑦根据句子开头的s far为现在完成时的标志，故填has planted
⑧考察介词+ding结构。故填dealing。
⑨考察固定结构ne f+最高级+名词复数。故填the mst successful。
⑩该题句意是加利福尼亚成为了第一个在餐厅停止使用塑料吸管的州。ne要改成序数词first并加上定冠词the。故填the first。
23．答案： A.
解析：hit作名词表示轰动一时的人或物，文中提到的是“一张照片能够暴露多少隐私这一话题成为了新浪微博的热点” 。故选A。
24．答案： B.
解析：本题考察短语辨析。Give ff发出(光或气味)，give away泄露，give up放弃，根据句意这里要表达的意思是泄露家庭地址和其他信息。故选B。
25．答案： B.
解析：这一题考察的是宾语从句的连接词。根据句意可以得知EXIF能详细列出用户是否使用了闪光灯...。故选B。
26．答案： C.
解析：本题考察的是被动语态的构成be+dne，was taken，需要选择take的过去分词。故选C。
27．答案： A.
解析：本题考察定语从句的关系副词。先行词lcatin：地理位置，表示地点，作状语，选择关系副词where。故选A。
28．答案： B.
解析：考察固定用法by ding sth。故选 B。
29．答案： A.
解析：考察固定用法avid ding sth。故选 A。
30．答案： C.
解析：本题考察的是过去分词作后置定语的用法。Send的过去分词sent，sent by Wechat Mments用来修饰前面的phts。故选C。
31．答案：C.
解析：考察短语辨析。Turn n打开；turn dwn调小，拒绝；turn ff关闭。这句话的意思是：你可以在个人设置那里关闭定位服务。故选C。
32．答案：B.
解析：考察固定短语be different frm。故选择B。
33．答案：
①此外，这位23岁的女孩子每天至少花一个小时玩一款有关传统文化的手机游戏。
②Like Zhang, there are many yung peple wh have a passin fr traditinal Chinese culture.
③年轻人想要告诉全世界自己是谁，他们愿意为此花费时间和金钱。
④but there are als sme peple using their imaginatin and creatin t make it mre acceptable t yung generatin.
⑤我希望更多的人接受并且热爱我的工作，通过我的作品了解中国文化。
解析：①本题考察短语in additin，at least，结构。
②考察固定结构have a passin fr.
③考察固定搭配tell sb sth，be willing t d sth 以及宾语从句。
④考察句型there be ding。
⑤考察词汇翻译accept，thrugh，art pieces。
34．答案：
Shrt vides have been a hit n the Internet and they have becme mre and mre ppular amng middle schl students. Sme students even have becme shrt vide blggers wh pst all kinds f vides nline. Last week, ur class held a discussin n whether it’s OK fr students t becme shrt vide blggers.
Sme students in my class believe that it may have a negative influence n study, since students are likely t be addicted int making shrt vides. They may spend t much time n it and have less time t fcus n their study. Hwever, the ther students disagree with it. In their pinin, students can make full use f shrt vides t recrd what is happening in their life and save it as the sweetest memries. Besides, it’s als a necessary skill fr students t develp in rder t keep up with the develpment f mdern technlgy.
As far as I am cncerned, being a shrt vide blgger can help students t share what they are gd at. Students can teach thers sme life skills such as making cakes, cking meals, dealing with all kinds f things in their creative ways and s n, which can make them have a sense f achievement. What’s mre, it’s als a gd way t explre their pssibilities in their life. As lng as students can make a balance between their study and shrt vides, they can definitely benefit a lt frm it.
解析：题目要求解读：1.必须先概括班上正反双方的观点，然后再简述自己的观点，缺一不可。
注意句式的变化和固定短语的使用，在介绍内容时，力求语言准确，内容完整，保证行文连贯，条理清晰。
Chngqing wildfires
Date：August 18th--August 28th
Causes f the fire: Extreme heat and drughts
Effrts t put ut the fire: 5000 emergency rescue wrkers; 7 helicpters; thusands f vlunteers
Peple evacuated: 1500
Queen Elizabeth II
Full name: Elizabeth Alexandra Mary
Official name:Elizabeth II
Date f birth: April 21, 1926
Date f death: September 8, 2022
Marriage: married t Prince Phillip fr 74 years befre he passed away in April 2021 at the age f 99.
Children: prince Charles; princess Anne; prince Andrew; prince Edward
Main event：
1. ascended the British thrne n February 6,1952.
2. made her Christmas speech n TV fr the first time in 1957.
3. visited China in 1986.
4. became the lngest-reigning British mnarch in 2015
5. wrked with 15 prime ministers.
“I declare befre yu all that my whle life whether it be lng r shrt shall be devted t yur service.”-Elizabeth II
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